Asses

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR guides foreground data package construction for live asses, also called donkeys, produced and transferred as live animals at a declared farm gate, holding gate, or delivered gate. It covers breeding or replacement-stock entry, foal or young animal rearing, grow-out and husbandry, feed and water use, bedding where used, manure and excreta management, farm energy, animal health inputs, mortality or cull handling, and farm-gate live-animal handling.

Excluded products are live horses, mules and hinnies, meat of equines, hides and skins, milk, semen, embryos, manure products marketed as separate fertilizers, transport work performed by the animal after sale, and downstream slaughter or working-animal use.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.asses
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 02132, Asses
covered_products	live asses or donkeys sold or transferred as live animals for breeding, draught or pack use, further rearing, companion use, conservation herds, or other non-slaughter live-animal purposes
excluded_products	horses; mules and hinnies; equine meat; hides and skins; milk; semen; embryos; manure products; services delivered by working animals after sale
representative_product	live ass at declared live weight and health status, ready for transfer at farm gate
production_route	breeding or replacement-stock entry, animal rearing and husbandry, manure management, and farm-gate handling
market_state	live animal, unprocessed, at declared age class, sex, breed or type, live weight, health status, and transfer gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	live ass at declared transfer gate
How much	1 kg live weight
How well	declared age class, sex, breed or type, intended use, health status, live-weight measurement basis, and production system
How long or cycle	one animal rearing cycle from declared starting condition to transfer gate; herd maintenance period declared when breeding herd burdens are included
reference_flow_link	Reference amount and product flow below

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg live weight
Required qualifiers	age class; sex; breed or type; intended use; live-weight measurement method; production system; health or certification status; geography and declared gate; transport inclusion status

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

Mass live weight is the primary reference flow basis. Head-count records may be used only when a measured or documented live-weight conversion is provided.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_live_weight	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg live weight	The reference flow must be expressed as kg live ass at the declared transfer gate.
head_count_conversion	count-based animal records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg live weight	Count-based receiving, birth, sale, mortality, or inventory records must include measured live weight or a documented conversion by age class and sex.
feed_dry_matter_basis	feed and forage inputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg dry matter and kg as-fed	Feed records must state whether quantities are dry matter or as-fed; moisture conversion must be disclosed when normalizing feed intake.
water_volume_conversion	drinking and cleaning water	Mass or Volume	kg, L, or m3	Water volume may be recorded in L or m3 and converted to kg when needed; water source and allocation to animal class must be declared.
manure_n_basis	manure, excreta, nitrogen, and nitrogen emissions	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg manure, kg volatile solids, and kg N where applicable	Manure and excreta records must preserve enough information to calculate CH4, N2O, NH3, and nitrogen loss methods when these emissions are in scope.
energy_inventory	electricity, fuel, and farm machinery energy	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ or kWh	State whether each energy value is final electricity, fuel lower heating value, or delivered service energy.

5. System Boundary

The default boundary is foreground data collection to the declared live-animal transfer gate:

1. Breeding herd, purchased foals or replacement animals, feed, forage, bedding, water, veterinary inputs, fuel, electricity, and purchased services when they are part of the foreground data package.
2. Animal housing, grazing or yard management, feeding, watering, health management, bedding management, weighing, identification, and routine husbandry.
3. Manure, urine, bedding, and excreta collection, storage, treatment, deposition during grazing, field application controlled by the farm, or transfer to a manure handler.
4. Farm-gate sorting, quarantine or pre-sale holding, loading, and short-distance delivery when the declared gate is delivered live animal.

The completed foreground package represents live-animal production to the declared gate. Downstream work service, transport service performed by the animal, slaughter, hide recovery, milk production, and product use after sale are outside the default boundary unless a study explicitly expands scope.

This boundary is a data-production abstraction. Declared breeding stock, purchased foals, or replacement animals are starting-condition records for the foreground package. Same-category live-ass inputs are not recursively traced as a new live-ass PCR inside the same package; their identity, mass, source, and prior-burden treatment are disclosed.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	breeding_herd_or_live_ass_stock_entry
starting_condition_role	animal_identity_and_reproduction_condition
product_classification_scope	current CPC 3.0 product category 02132, Asses
recursive_input_rule	input flow in the same product category that causes recursive tracing is recorded as declared starting condition or purchased stock entry, with prior-burden treatment disclosed
upstream_dataset_requirement	disclose source, live weight, age class, sex, breed or type, health status, acquisition date, and whether upstream live-animal burdens are included, excluded, or represented by secondary data
disclosure	record production system, herd or lot boundary, live-weight basis, animal movement, mortality and cull fate, manure-management system, grazing or housing split, and declared gate

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
stock_entry_and_breeding_basis	Stock Entry and Breeding Basis	required		foreground	live ass stock entering the foreground system
rearing_and_husbandry	Rearing and Husbandry	required		foreground	live-weight gain and maintained live animal
manure_and_excreta_management	Manure and Excreta Management	required		foreground	manure, urine, bedding, and grazing excreta generated by the foreground animals
farm_gate_handling_and_delivery	Farm-gate Handling and Delivery	conditional	include when sorting, quarantine, holding, loading, or delivery materially affects the declared gate	foreground/downstream	live ass transferred at declared gate

Process: Stock Entry and Breeding Basis (stock_entry_and_breeding_basis)

Inputs

Product flows

Declared breeding herd or purchased stock entry (declared_breeding_herd_or_purchased_stock_entry)

Declared breeding herd, foals, or purchased replacement animals are recorded as the live-animal starting condition for the foreground package.

• Selected flow: Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: measured live weight and head count at system entry
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal lot or herd entering the foreground system
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stock_entry_records
• Range: Stock entry mass reconciliation
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: live-ass mass brought in as declared starting condition or purchased live stock
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Purchased feed and forage for breeding basis (purchased_feed_and_forage_for_breeding_basis)

Feed and forage used to maintain breeding or replacement stock before allocation to marketable animals are recorded by feed type and moisture basis.

• Selected flow: Assorted Feed cb2b142b-0ed1-4d6f-9283-cfef94451a75
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg dry matter and kg as-fed
• Amount rule: measured purchased or produced feed mass, converted to dry matter where needed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per herd maintenance period or allocated kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_and_forage_records
• Sources: fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
• Range: Provisional breeding-basis feed screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg dry matter/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass feed dry matter assigned to live-ass production
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally required for stock entry. Include recovered bedding, recovered feed, or waste-derived feed only when it crosses the foreground boundary as a declared input.

Elementary flows

Grazing or housing land occupation (grazing_or_housing_land_occupation)

Land occupation is recorded when grazing area, yard area, housing area, or feedlot occupation is included in the foreground scope.

• Selected flow: Select applicable land occupation elementary flow
• Flow property / unit: Area-time / ha a or m2 a
• Amount rule: measured area and occupation duration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per herd maintenance period or animal lot
• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_land_and_housing_records

Outputs

Product flows

Live ass stock entering rearing (live_ass_stock_entering_rearing)

Live ass stock entering rearing is recorded as the product output from stock entry and breeding basis.

• Selected flow: Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: measured live weight at transfer into rearing or husbandry process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: stock entry process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stock_entry_records

Waste flows

Non-marketable mortality or cull from stock entry (non_marketable_mortality_or_cull_from_stock_entry)

Mortality or non-marketable cull animals are recorded with mass and fate when they occur before rearing allocation.

• Selected flow: Select applicable animal mortality, carcass, or biological waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or estimated live weight or carcass mass and disposal route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_and_cull_records
• Range: Provisional stock-entry mortality screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass mortality or cull mass before rearing allocation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Record enteric and manure emissions under the manure and excreta management process to avoid double counting.

Process: Rearing and Husbandry (rearing_and_husbandry)

Inputs

Product flows

Live ass stock for rearing (live_ass_stock_for_rearing)

Live ass stock for rearing is the animal input from breeding, purchase, or stock entry records.

• Selected flow: Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: measured live weight entering the rearing period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_live_weight_records

Feed and forage consumed during rearing (feed_and_forage_consumed_during_rearing)

Feed, forage, crop residues, grazing intake estimates, concentrates, mineral supplements, and purchased feed are recorded separately when records allow.

• Selected flow: Assorted Feed cb2b142b-0ed1-4d6f-9283-cfef94451a75
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg dry matter and kg as-fed
• Amount rule: measured feed issue, grazing estimate, or feed balance by animal class
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg live-weight output or animal-day
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_and_forage_records
• Sources: fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
• Range: Provisional rearing feed screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 80
  • Unit: kg dry matter/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass feed dry matter assigned to live-ass rearing
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Drinking and husbandry water (drinking_and_husbandry_water)

Water used for drinking, cleaning, cooling, and animal handling is recorded by source and use where possible.

• Selected flow: Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg, L, or m3
• Amount rule: measured water meter, tank fill, well pump, or estimated drinking-water use by animal class
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg live-weight output or animal-day
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Range: Provisional water screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: m3/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass drinking and husbandry water assigned to live-ass production
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Bedding and housing materials (bedding_and_housing_materials)

Bedding, litter, disinfectants, and housing consumables are recorded when they cross the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Select applicable bedding or housing material flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased or produced bedding mass and bedding replacement frequency
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal-day or kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bedding_and_housing_records

Veterinary and animal health inputs (veterinary_and_animal_health_inputs)

Veterinary products, vaccines, medicines, disinfectants, ear tags, and identification materials are recorded when material to the study goal and scope.

• Selected flow: Select applicable veterinary, medicine, disinfectant, or identification material flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass, volume, or number of items
• Amount rule: measured product amount, dose, or item count by animal lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal lot or kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_veterinary_and_health_records

Farm energy for husbandry (farm_energy_for_husbandry)

Electricity and fuel used for pumping, lighting, housing, feed handling, manure movement, weighing, and internal transport are recorded by carrier.

• Selected flow: Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df; Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816 where used
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ or kWh
• Amount rule: measured meter, fuel invoice, equipment log, or allocation to animal class
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal lot or kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Range: Provisional husbandry energy screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: MJ/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass farm energy assigned to live-ass husbandry
  • Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally required for rearing and husbandry. Include waste-derived feed or recovered bedding only when used as an input under the declared scope.

Elementary flows

Water withdrawal for animal production (water_withdrawal_for_animal_production)

Water withdrawal is calculated from drinking and husbandry water records when the data package reports elementary water flows.

• Selected flow: water 419682fe-60fb-4b43-be89-bf2824b51104
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated from water source and quantity records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Range: Provisional water withdrawal screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kg water/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass water withdrawal assigned to live-ass production
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable live ass at farm gate (marketable_live_ass_at_farm_gate)

Marketable live ass at farm gate is the reference product output.

• Selected flow: Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: measured live weight at declared gate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_live_weight_records
• Range: Live-ass reference output identity
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg PCR reference output
  • Basis: live-ass reference output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Mortality and non-marketable culls (mortality_and_non_marketable_culls)

Mortality and non-marketable culls are recorded with mass, cause category when available, and fate.

• Selected flow: Select applicable animal mortality, carcass, or biological waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or estimated mass by event and disposal route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_and_cull_records
• Range: Provisional rearing mortality screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass mortality and non-marketable cull mass during rearing
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from farm energy (fossil_carbon_dioxide_from_farm_energy)

Fossil carbon dioxide from farm energy is calculated from fuel and electricity records with declared emission factors.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil), emissions to air unspecified 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: energy quantity multiplied by declared fuel or electricity emission factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per fuel inventory
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Range: Provisional farm energy fossil CO2 screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg CO2/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass fossil CO2 from farm energy
  • Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Manure and Excreta Management (manure_and_excreta_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Manure, urine, and bedding entering management (manure_urine_and_bedding_entering_management)

Manure, urine, bedding, and excreta are tracked from housing, yards, storage, grazing deposition, or collection systems into the declared management route.

• Selected flow: Fecal fertilizer e7f0099e-ecb6-48b5-a683-c0da022022b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet mass, kg dry matter, kg volatile solids, and kg N where applicable
• Amount rule: measured manure mass, bedding mass, manure storage records, or calculated excretion by animal class
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per animal lot or kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_excreta_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure, emep-eea-2023-manure-management
• Range: Provisional manure and excreta screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg wet manure/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass manure, urine, and bedding mass entering management
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally required unless recovered manure, sludge, or bedding from another system enters the foreground management route.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is normally required beyond water, land, and air exchange already represented in site records.

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable manure or nutrient co-product (marketable_manure_or_nutrient_coproduct)

Manure, compost, or nutrient products are product outputs only when sold, transferred, or intentionally used as a co-product outside the live-animal reference flow.

• Selected flow: Fecal fertilizer e7f0099e-ecb6-48b5-a683-c0da022022b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg and kg N where applicable
• Amount rule: measured manure product mass and nutrient content when marketed or transferred
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per manure product output and kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_excreta_records
• Range: Provisional marketable manure screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg manure product/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass manure product mass when manure is marketed or transferred
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Manure sent to treatment or disposal (manure_sent_to_treatment_or_disposal)

Manure, soiled bedding, and deadstock residues sent to treatment or disposal are waste outputs when no co-product credit is claimed.

• Selected flow: Select applicable manure, bedding, or biological waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass and fate by management route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_excreta_records
• Range: Provisional manure disposal screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg manure waste/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass manure, bedding, or biological waste sent to treatment or disposal
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Enteric methane to air (enteric_methane_to_air)

Enteric methane is calculated using the declared IPCC tier or reviewed regional method for non-ruminant equines.

• Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8ea-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from animal population, animal class, live weight, feed intake, and declared IPCC or regional emission factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per animal-year or kg live-weight output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_live_weight_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
• Range: Provisional enteric methane screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg CH4/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass enteric methane after applying declared livestock method
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Manure methane to air (manure_methane_to_air)

Manure methane is calculated from manure-management system, climate, volatile solids, and storage or deposition route.

• Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8ea-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from volatile solids and declared manure-management methane method
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per manure-management route
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_excreta_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
• Range: Provisional manure methane screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg CH4/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass manure methane after applying declared manure-management method
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Manure nitrous oxide to air (manure_nitrous_oxide_to_air)

Manure nitrous oxide is calculated from nitrogen excretion, manure-management system, and direct or indirect N2O method.

• Selected flow: nitrous oxide, emissions to air unspecified 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from manure nitrogen and declared direct or indirect N2O method
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per manure-management route or N input
• Basis kind: Nitrogen input (n_input)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_excreta_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
• Range: Provisional manure nitrous oxide screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg N2O/kg live-weight output
  • Basis: broad first-pass manure N2O after applying declared manure-management method
  • Basis kind: Nitrogen input (n_input)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Ammonia volatilization from manure (ammonia_volatilization_from_manure)

Ammonia volatilization is calculated or recorded for housing, storage, field application under farm control, and grazing deposition where in scope.

• Selected flow: ammonia, emissions to air unspecified 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from manure nitrogen, management route, climate or storage condition, and declared NH3 method
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per manure-management route or N input
• Basis kind: Nitrogen input (n_input)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_excreta_records
• Sources: emep-eea-2023-manure-management

Process: Farm-gate Handling and Delivery (farm_gate_handling_and_delivery)

Inputs

Product flows

Live ass entering farm-gate handling (live_ass_entering_farm_gate_handling)

Live animals entering pre-sale holding, quarantine, sorting, loading, or delivery are recorded when those activities are inside the declared gate.

• Selected flow: Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: measured live weight entering handling or delivery period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: handling process input
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_live_weight_records

Handling energy and delivery transport (handling_energy_and_delivery_transport)

Electricity, fuel, loading equipment, and route-specific transport service are recorded when the declared gate includes handling or delivery beyond normal farm-gate transfer.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816; electricity or transport service selected from route records
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value or transport service / MJ, kWh, or tonne-km
• Amount rule: measured fuel, electricity, carrier invoice, or route-specific transport service
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per delivered kg live weight
• Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gate_handling_and_transport_records
• Range: Provisional handling and delivery energy screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: MJ/kg delivered live weight
  • Basis: broad first-pass handling and route energy inside declared gate
  • Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally required.

Elementary flows

Include direct combustion emissions from farm-gate handling and delivery when fuel is combusted inside the foreground system.

Outputs

Product flows

Declared transferred live ass (declared_transferred_live_ass)

Declared transferred live ass is the live animal output at the declared gate.

• Selected flow: Asses 40fd68b3-1ea0-4828-8532-f64140fc3ea3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: measured live weight at declared transfer gate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_live_weight_records

Waste flows

Declare bedding waste, manure, mortalities, or rejected animals from handling separately when they occur during pre-sale holding, quarantine, or delivery.

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from handling and delivery energy (fossil_carbon_dioxide_from_handling_and_delivery_energy)

Fossil carbon dioxide from handling and delivery energy is calculated from fuel and energy records.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil), emissions to air unspecified 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: energy or transport fuel quantity multiplied by declared emission factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per delivery or handling energy inventory
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_gate_handling_and_transport_records
• Range: Provisional handling and delivery fossil CO2 screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg CO2/kg delivered live weight
  • Basis: broad first-pass fossil CO2 from handling and delivery energy
  • Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

No allocation is required when the only product output is the transferred live ass and manure or mortalities are treated as wastes with declared treatment. If manure, compost, draught service during the rearing period, milk, hide, breeding service, or another co-product is intentionally marketed inside the foreground boundary, allocation must be declared before publication.

Preferred hierarchy:

1. Subdivide processes when records separate live-animal production from manure product preparation, milk production, work service, or another co-product route.
2. Use physical allocation only when a causal physical relationship is documented, such as nutrient content for marketed manure products.
3. Use economic allocation when physical allocation is not defensible and market values are available.
4. Report system expansion or substitution only as an additional scenario, with substituted product, geography, and avoided-burden dataset disclosed.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_stock_entry_records	stock_entry_and_breeding_basis	declared breeding herd or purchased stock entry	animal receiving, birth, purchase, or herd inventory record	animal or lot id; source; age class; sex; breed or type; intended use; live weight; acquisition or birth date; health status; upstream burden treatment	scale record, veterinary certificate, herd book, purchase invoice, or birth record	head and kg live weight	per birth, purchase, transfer, or inventory period	rearing cycle or herd maintenance period	declared herd, farm, or lot	sum live weight by animal class and allocate breeding-basis burdens to live-weight output when included	scale calibration, herd book, animal movement record, purchase invoice, health certificate
cp_live_weight_records	rearing_and_husbandry; farm_gate_handling_and_delivery	live ass weight and output	weighing, sale, dispatch, or animal movement record	animal or lot id; age class; sex; breed or type; weighing date; live weight; gate; buyer or destination; health status	calibrated scale, weigh tape with conversion, sale ticket, or animal movement record	kg live weight and head	per weighing, sale, or dispatch event	rearing cycle and delivery period	animal lot, farm, and transfer gate	sum live weight at declared gate and reconcile with entries, births, purchases, deaths, and sales	scale calibration, sale ticket, movement certificate, dispatch note
cp_feed_and_forage_records	stock_entry_and_breeding_basis; rearing_and_husbandry	feed and forage	feed purchase, grazing, feed issue, or feed balance record	feed type; source; dry matter or as-fed basis; quantity; moisture; animal class; feeding period	invoice, feed issue log, pasture allocation record, feed inventory, or nutrition record	kg as-fed and kg dry matter	daily, batch, month, or feeding period	rearing cycle or herd maintenance period	farm, pasture, housing unit, or animal class	convert to dry matter where needed; allocate by animal-days, live weight, or documented ration group	invoice, feed analysis, inventory reconciliation, pasture record
cp_water_records	rearing_and_husbandry	drinking and husbandry water	water meter, tank fill, pump, well, or use estimate record	source; volume; period; animal class; use type; allocation method	meter reading, pump log, water invoice, tank record, or documented estimate	L, m3, or kg	daily, month, batch, or reporting period	rearing cycle	water source, housing unit, pasture, or animal lot	sum by source and convert to kg where needed; allocate by animal-days or live weight	meter calibration, pump log, water invoice, documented estimate
cp_bedding_and_housing_records	rearing_and_husbandry	bedding and housing materials	bedding purchase, issue, or replacement record	material type; quantity; moisture where relevant; replacement frequency; housing unit; fate	invoice, stock issue log, housing operation record, or bedding balance	kg	per delivery, replacement, or reporting period	rearing cycle	housing unit or animal lot	sum bedding input and assign to manure or waste route where relevant	invoice, inventory log, housing record
cp_veterinary_and_health_records	rearing_and_husbandry	veterinary and animal health inputs	treatment, vaccine, medicine, disinfectant, or identification record	product; active ingredient if applicable; dose; item count; treated animals; date; reason	veterinary log, invoice, product label, treatment certificate, or farm health record	kg, L, dose, item, or product-specific unit	per treatment event or reporting period	rearing cycle	animal lot or farm	sum product amount by animal lot and normalize to live-weight output when material	veterinary record, invoice, treatment log, product label
cp_energy_records	rearing_and_husbandry	farm energy	electricity, fuel, equipment, or service energy record	carrier; quantity; meter or invoice id; operation; period; allocation method	utility bill, meter reading, fuel invoice, equipment log, or telematics	kWh, MJ, L, or kg fuel	month, batch, or operation	rearing cycle	farm, housing unit, pump, feed system, or manure system	convert to MJ or kWh and allocate to live-ass production using documented basis	invoice, meter record, fuel log, equipment record
cp_manure_and_excreta_records	manure_and_excreta_management	manure, urine, bedding, and excreta	manure collection, storage, grazing, field application, transfer, or treatment record	animal class; manure-management system; mass or volume; dry matter; volatile solids; N content where available; storage duration; climate or temperature; fate	scale, storage volume estimate, manure analysis, farm log, grazing record, or transfer ticket	kg wet mass, kg dry matter, kg VS, kg N, m3	daily, batch, storage cycle, application event, or reporting period	rearing cycle and manure storage period	housing, yard, pasture, storage, field, or transfer point	reconcile manure generated, stored, treated, deposited, transferred, sold, or disposed; calculate emissions by declared method	manure analysis, storage log, transfer ticket, application record, IPCC or EMEP method documentation
cp_mortality_and_cull_records	stock_entry_and_breeding_basis; rearing_and_husbandry	mortality and non-marketable culls	animal death, cull, disposal, or rendering record	animal id or lot; date; age class; estimated live weight or carcass mass; cause category when available; fate	farm mortality log, veterinary record, disposal ticket, rendering receipt, or burial/compost record	head and kg	per event or reporting period	rearing cycle	farm or animal lot	sum mortality and cull mass by fate and normalize to live-weight output	veterinary note, disposal ticket, mortality log
cp_land_and_housing_records	stock_entry_and_breeding_basis; rearing_and_husbandry	land occupation and housing area	pasture, yard, housing, or GIS area record	area; duration; animal class; stocking period; housing or grazing system	GIS record, pasture map, farm record, housing plan, or stocking log	ha a, m2 a, ha, or m2	season, month, or rearing cycle	rearing cycle	pasture, yard, housing unit, or farm	multiply area by occupation duration and allocate by animal-days or live weight	GIS file, farm map, stocking log
cp_gate_handling_and_transport_records	farm_gate_handling_and_delivery	handling and delivery	pre-sale holding, loading, quarantine, carrier, or transport record	gate; holding duration; live weight; route; distance; vehicle; fuel; electricity; carrier invoice; tonne-km	dispatch note, carrier invoice, route log, fuel log, or meter record	kg live weight, km, tonne-km, L fuel, kWh, MJ	per shipment or handling period	delivery period	declared gate, holding area, and delivery route	normalize handling and route-specific energy to delivered kg live weight	dispatch record, carrier invoice, route record, fuel or energy record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_live_weight_output	reference product	kg transferred live weight at declared gate / PCR reference amount	cp_live_weight_records	kg live ass per reference output	mass-balance-identity
calculate_live_weight_gain	growth and herd reconciliation	final live weight + deaths + transfers out - starting live weight - purchases in, by animal class	cp_stock_entry_records; cp_live_weight_records; cp_mortality_and_cull_records	live-weight gain and herd mass balance	mass-balance-identity
normalize_feed_dry_matter	feed inputs	convert as-fed feed to dry matter using measured or declared moisture, then allocate by animal-days, ration group, live-weight gain, or documented farm basis	cp_feed_and_forage_records; cp_live_weight_records	kg feed dry matter per reference output	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
calculate_enteric_ch4	enteric methane	apply declared IPCC tier or reviewed regional method using animal class, live weight, feed intake, and population-time	cp_live_weight_records; cp_feed_and_forage_records	kg CH4 per reference output	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
calculate_manure_ch4_n2o	manure CH4 and N2O	apply declared IPCC manure-management method using volatile solids, nitrogen excretion, management system, storage route, and climate where required	cp_manure_and_excreta_records; cp_live_weight_records; cp_feed_and_forage_records	kg CH4 and kg N2O per reference output	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
calculate_manure_nh3	manure ammonia	apply declared EMEP/EEA or regional ammonia method using manure nitrogen, housing, storage, field application, grazing deposition, and climate or management data where required	cp_manure_and_excreta_records	kg NH3 per reference output	emep-eea-2023-manure-management
calculate_energy_co2	farm energy fossil CO2	energy or fuel quantity multiplied by declared emission factor and normalized to live-weight output	cp_energy_records; cp_gate_handling_and_transport_records	kg fossil CO2 per reference output
allocate_breeding_basis	breeding herd burdens	allocate breeding herd maintenance burdens to marketable live-ass output using documented herd output basis when breeding herd is inside scope	cp_stock_entry_records; cp_feed_and_forage_records; cp_live_weight_records	breeding-basis burden per kg live-weight output

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_animal_identity	live animal identity	Age class, sex, breed or type, intended use, health status, production system, geography, and declared gate must be stated for the reference flow and major animal lots.	herd book, animal movement record, health certificate, sale note
dq_live_weight	live-weight records	Live weight must identify weighing date, animal or lot, method, unit, gate, and device or conversion method.	scale calibration, weigh ticket, sale ticket, documented weigh-tape conversion
dq_feed_basis	feed and forage	Feed records must preserve feed type, source, quantity, dry matter or moisture basis, animal class allocation, and time period.	invoice, feed analysis, feed log, pasture record
dq_manure_method	manure and emissions	Manure-management system, housing/grazing split, storage duration, fate, and nitrogen or volatile-solids basis must be documented before CH4, N2O, or NH3 values are treated as final.	manure log, storage record, analysis, IPCC or EMEP calculation sheet
dq_temporal_coverage	rearing cycle	Foreground records should cover the complete declared rearing cycle or explain use of annualized herd records for multi-year breeding systems.	herd inventory, annual farm records, sale records
dq_completeness	material flows	Feed, water, bedding where used, energy, animal health inputs when material, manure, mortalities, and farm-gate handling must be addressed or explicitly excluded with rationale.	collection protocol checklist and data quality review

9. Validation Rules

Before publishing a foreground data package using this PCR, check:

• reference flow is expressed as kg live ass and includes age class, sex, breed or type, intended use, production system, health status, geography, and declared gate
• live-ass product is not confused with horses, mules and hinnies, equine meat, hides, milk, semen, embryos, or animal work service
• starting-condition treatment for breeding herd, foals, purchased stock, and same-category live-ass inputs is declared
• feed quantities preserve dry matter or as-fed basis and animal class allocation
• water, bedding where used, veterinary inputs when material, energy, land occupation when in scope, and handling or delivery transport are addressed
• manure-management system, grazing deposition, storage, transfer, and field application under farm control are declared
• enteric CH4, manure CH4, manure N2O, manure NH3, and fossil CO2 from energy are calculated only with declared methods and source references
• mortality, culls, manure products, bedding waste, and other outputs have declared fates
• allocation or subdivision is declared when manure, milk, work service, breeding service, or other co-products are credited
• values outside provisional screening ranges include source notes, corrected data, or method rationale

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	unit_process
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	downstream live-animal supply chain, working-animal service model, equine product, farm input, or livestock inventory modelling where live-ass qualifiers, geography, production route, and declared gate match the dataset metadata
excluded_use	horses, mules and hinnies, equine meat, hides, milk, semen, embryos, manure fertilizer products, and transport or draught service after sale unless separately modelled
required_metadata	reference flow; geography; rearing cycle; age class; sex; breed or type; intended use; live-weight measurement method; production system; health status; manure-management system; declared gate; transport inclusion; collection protocol coverage; DQR
required_quality_disclosure	record coverage, allocation choices, starting-condition treatment, calculation rules, emission methods, measurement devices or primary records, unresolved omissions, and data quality scores
update_trigger	material change in production system, breed or animal type, age class, geography, feed basis, manure-management system, declared gate, transport inclusion, emission method, collection protocol coverage, or data quality score

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
ipcc-2019-livestock-manure	official_guidance	https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch10_Livestock.pdf	enteric CH4, manure CH4, manure N2O, volatile solids, nitrogen excretion, and manure-management method context
fao-leap-guidelines	official_guidance	https://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/resources/publications/fao-leap-guidelines/en	livestock LCA boundary, data quality, and supply-chain assessment context
fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016	official_guidance	https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i6433e	animal feed supply-chain assessment and feed data collection basis
emep-eea-2023-manure-management	official_guidance	https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/3-agriculture/3-b-manure-management-2023/@@download/file	ammonia and air-pollutant process decomposition for manure management
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied as a PCR calculation identity for live-weight output, animal inventory reconciliation, and process reference outputs.	QA guardrails for reference outputs and animal mass-balance checks