Live camels and camelids at farm gate

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers live dromedary and Bactrian camels and live South American camelids within CPC 02121, from admitted breeding or replacement animals through managed reproduction, birth, rearing, grazing or browsing, supplementation, watering, health management, shelter, manure routing, selection, weighing and transfer at the producing farm gate. It excludes other ruminants, meat, raw milk, fibre or hair, hides, services, slaughter and post-transfer transport as reference products.

Species group and route are mandatory because pastoral/mobile, mixed/agropastoral and housed/semi-intensive systems have different feed, movement, water, shelter, manure and output requirements. These routes may coexist only when separately recorded before transparent aggregation.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.camels-and-camelids
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 02121 Camels and camelids
covered_products	Live dromedary and Bactrian camels, llamas, alpacas and other South American camelids transferred at the producing farm gate for breeding, replacement, meat, milk, fibre or mixed purposes while the product remains a live animal.
excluded_products	Other ruminants; meat or carcasses; milk, fibre or hair and hides as reference products; semen or embryos; separately supplied services; slaughter and post-farm transport.
representative_product	Live camel or other camelid weighed immediately before farm-gate transfer.
production_route	Parent activity: managed biological production. Declared alternatives are pastoral/mobile, mixed/agropastoral and housed/semi-intensive; route deltas concern movement, browse and feed, water, shelter, manure, energy and conditional outputs.
market_state	Alive and fit for declared transfer, with species group, class, purpose, sex where material, route, live-weight basis, geography and period declared.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Live camels and camelids at the producing farm gate before downstream transport or slaughter.
How much	1 kg live weight.
How well	Species group, animal class and purpose, sex where material, route, fitness and weighing basis are declared.
How long or cycle	One cohort or reporting period linking entries, biological phases, outputs, losses and shared assets without duplicate attribution.
reference_flow_link	live_camelid_reference_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Camels and camelids d5b8e5ed-dfcc-4755-a7fb-d51316970d8b
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass units 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species group; animal class and purpose; sex where material; genotype where material; production route; feed and browse regime; live-weight convention and scale point; geography; farm-gate transfer; cohort or reporting period

The broad fixed identity requires every qualifier above; it cannot substitute for camel milk, fibre, meat or a service.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_live_weight	reference animals	Mass	kg	Weigh immediately before transfer and retain scale point, calibration, individual/lot basis and any fasting or gut-fill convention.
count_to_mass	entries, births, deaths and transfers	Mass	kg	Preserve head, species and class; convert only with measured weights or a documented matching-class mean.
feed_dry_matter	forage, browse, concentrates and supplements	Mass	kg dry matter and kg as-fed	Preserve as-fed mass and dry-matter fraction; identify the reviewed method for unmeasured intake.
water_basis	supplied water	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Separate managed supply from rainfall or unmanaged access and disclose meter coverage or estimation.
emission_basis	CH4, N2O and NH3	Mass of named compound in final exchanges	kg CH4; kg N2O; kg NH3	Retain raw N-basis records; before final normalization convert kg N2O-N to kg N2O by 44/28 and kg NH3-N to kg NH3 by 17/14. Values already expressed as compound mass are not converted again. The final fixed-UUID exchange uses the mass of its named compound, never the N-basis amount. Keep raw species and elemental bases explicit; carbon-equivalent quantities do not replace CH4 mass.
inventory_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	Actual flow property	exchange unit per reference flow	The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. Compute normalized amount = attributable amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted reference-output quantity. Apply normalization once only; never divide an already normalized value again.
stage_throughput_linkage	stage records and final package contributions	Actual flow property and its stated raw basis	retain native numerator and stage denominator units	Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Breeding or replacement animals and purchased feed, water, energy, health products and other managed inputs entering the producer boundary.
starting_condition_role	These inputs initiate managed biological production; reproduction, rearing, producer-controlled movement, feeding, watering, shelter, manure handling, weighing and hand-off remain inside.
product_classification_scope	Live camels and camelids in CPC 02121; milk, fibre, manure, meat, hides and services retain separate identities.
recursive_input_rule	Incoming animals from another producer are upstream Product inputs with supplier datasets; do not recreate their earlier production within the receiving herd.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Require supplier datasets for incoming animals, purchased feed and health inputs, energy, supplied water and included inbound transport; unresolved identities require foreground verification.
disclosure	Declare species, class, purpose, route and mobility, feed/browse and water regimes, breeding/replacement, manure pathways, conditional milk/fibre, shared assets and periods, geography, weighing and hand-off.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
managed_boundary	all routes	Include managed reproduction, birth, rearing, feed/browse, water, health, shelter, manure, selection, weighing and hand-off; exclude slaughter and downstream transport.	fao-gleam; fao-ruminant-lca-2013
species_route_resolution	camel and South American camelid routes	Declare the managed-production parent and species/route delta; preserve route-specific movement, feed, water, shelter, manure, energy and output records.	fao-gleam; ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
period_linkage	biological phases and periods	Index animals, inputs, outputs, losses, replacement and assets to the causing phase and period; disclose partial-cycle coverage.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
shared_asset_boundary	watering, shelter, fencing, handling, vehicles and manure systems	List assets, consumers and service periods, choose a documented driver and count each burden once.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
managed_camelid_production	Managed camelid production and farm-gate transfer	required	Always; route-specific and milk/fibre activities only when present.	Managed biological production, route resolution, output selection, weighing and hand-off.	1 kg live weight, supported by head, animal-day, distance, cohort and period records.

Process: Managed camelid production and farm-gate transfer (managed_camelid_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Incoming breeding and replacement animals (incoming_animals)

Record live animals admitted from outside the represented herd history, without duplicating animals born and retained inside the cohort. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight and period

• Selected flow: Live incoming camel or camelid by actual species/class (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight; head retained
• Amount rule: Record species, class, origin, entry, purpose, head and live weight; attribute burden over actual service/output periods.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd_events
• Sources: fao-ruminant-lca-2013
• Range: Incoming-animal QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kg incoming live weight/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad replaceable screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Supplied water (supplied_water)

Record managed drinking and service water supplied to the represented animals and activities. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: Supplied process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: Meter or estimate documented supply by use, species, location and period.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy_transport
• Range: Water QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: m3/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad arid-to-housed route screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (energy_supply_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for energy_supply. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record purchased electricity, fuels, heat and other energy carriers by actual use and reporting period. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_water_energy_transport and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy_transport
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (energy_supply_diesel)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_water_energy_transport and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy_transport
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Purchased heat at the process inlet (energy_supply_heat)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Purchased heat at the process inlet
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_water_energy_transport and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy_transport
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Included inbound transport (inbound_transport)

Record freight transport for material inputs only when that service lies inside the declared foreground boundary. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: Inbound road-freight service by vehicle/cargo
• Flow property / unit: Goods transport / t*km
• Amount rule: Multiply transported tonnes by included one-way kilometres; retain vehicle, cargo, load and route.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy_transport
• Range: Transport QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: t*km/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad conditional screen
  • Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Live camel or camelid reference output (live_camelid_reference_output)

Record live animal mass at the producing-farm handover, retaining species group, class, route and weighing evidence. Denominator and scope requirements：1 kg live weight at farm gate

Raw reference-output records: Record accepted live weight and head by species, class, route, lot, weighing point and transfer date; normalize to 1 kg. Preserve the measured accepted lot quantity and every required qualifier. The amount below is the normalized reference exchange, not an assertion that a physical lot contains only one unit.

• Selected flow: Camels and camelids d5b8e5ed-dfcc-4755-a7fb-d51316970d8b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd_events
• Sources: fao-gleam
• Range: Reference normalization
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg reference live weight
  • Basis: one normalized result
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Camel milk co-product (camel_milk)

Record camel milk only when it is independently intended and transferred; this card is inapplicable to South American camelid routes. Record warm or chilled state, temperature and actual gate separately for each lot. This broad card has no fixed UUID: a chilled farm-gate identity is eligible only for an actually chilled, gate-matched lot after identity confirmation. Never infer cooling from a UUID; include measured pre-handover cooling inputs and losses only when cooling actually occurs. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight and period

• Selected flow: Raw camel milk, handover state and gate qualified
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record transferred mass, species, period, composition and hand-off; inapplicable to South American camelid routes and milk consumed internally.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_outputs_losses
• Sources: fao-gleam
• Range: Camel-milk QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg milk/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad conditional screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Fibre or hair co-product (fibre_hair)

Record fibre or hair only when it is independently intended and transferred in a declared species- and state-specific form. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight and period

• Selected flow: Camelid fibre or hair by species and state (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record recovered mass, species, group, method, moisture/greasy basis, grade and hand-off; inapplicable where not intended.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_outputs_losses
• Sources: fao-gleam
• Range: Fibre/hair QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg fibre or hair/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad conditional screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Exported manure (exported_manure)

Record manure as a Product output only when it is intentionally transferred to an identified recipient. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight and period

• Selected flow: Exported camelid manure by managed state (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet mass plus dry matter or nutrient content
• Amount rule: Record mass, moisture, nitrogen where available, species, state, destination and date; do not duplicate deposition or waste.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_emissions
• Sources: fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
• Range: Manure-export QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg wet manure/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad conditional screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Mortalities and unusable material (mortality_waste)

Record animal mortalities and unusable material as destination-specific waste rather than intended output. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: Camelid mortality waste by treatment route (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record head, species/class, mass, date, cause where known and treatment/destination.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_outputs_losses
• Sources: fao-gleam
• Range: Mortality QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg mortality/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad replaceable screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Enteric methane to air (enteric_ch4)

Calculate biogenic methane released to air from enteric fermentation by species group, class and phase. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg CH4
• Amount rule: Calculate by species/category and period from population, feed/gross energy and reviewed factors.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
• Range: Enteric-CH4 QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg CH4/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad result screen, not a factor
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Manure methane to air (manure_ch4)

Calculate biogenic methane released to air from managed manure pathways separately from enteric methane. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg CH4
• Amount rule: Calculate by species, volatile solids, pathway, climate and storage; keep separate from enteric CH4.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
• Range: Manure-CH4 QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg CH4/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad result screen, not a factor
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Direct nitrous oxide to air (direct_n2o)

Calculate direct nitrous oxide released to air from manure management and deposited excreta within the boundary. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: nitrous oxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg N2O
• Amount rule: Calculate by species/class, nitrogen excretion, period and manure/deposition pathway; retain basis conversion.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
• Range: Direct-N2O QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg N2O/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad result screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Indirect nitrous oxide to air (indirect_n2o)

Calculate indirect nitrous oxide only from documented volatilization or leaching and runoff precursors. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: nitrous oxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg N2O
• Amount rule: Calculate only for documented volatilization or leaching/runoff precursors; do not duplicate direct N2O.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
• Range: Indirect-N2O QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg N2O/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad result screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Ammonia to air (ammonia_air)

Calculate ammonia released to air from the represented manure-nitrogen pathways while preserving the molecular basis. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight

• Selected flow: ammonia 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg NH3
• Amount rule: Calculate by manure nitrogen pathway and reviewed factors; preserve basis and precursor linkage.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_manure_emissions
• Sources: fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018; ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
• Range: Ammonia QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg NH3/kg reference live weight
  • Basis: broad result screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
complete_outputs	animals, camel milk, fibre/hair and exported manure	Enumerate intended outputs and hand-offs; milk is camel-only and fibre follows actual species/state. Mortalities and untransferred residues are loss/waste.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
partition_first	species, routes, activities, periods and outputs	Directly assign measured feed, water, movement, manure, energy and output burdens before residual allocation.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
residual_allocation	inseparable joint outputs	Use representative farm-gate economic value unless reviewed physical causation is demonstrated; disclose prices, currency, period and sensitivity.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
period_attribution	breeding/replacement animals and long-lived assets	Link events to phases/periods, attribute over actual service and prohibit later duplicate attribution.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
shared_asset_attribution	shared watering, shelter, handling, vehicles and manure assets	Enumerate consumers and periods; prefer metering, then operating hours, animal-days or live-weight-time; count once.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
feed_browse_specific_input	cp_feed_movement	Operation managed_camelid_production: Record managed feed, forage, browse and supplements by actual source, state, species group and biological phase. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.
health_products_specific_input	cp_health_inputs	Operation managed_camelid_production: Record medicines, vaccines, disinfectants and other health products that cross the foreground boundary. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight Original quantity method: Record formulation, administered/discarded quantity, species/class, date and purpose; zero when unused.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_herd_events	managed_camelid_production	entries, births, class changes, transfers, deaths and reference output	herd, weight and transfer records	id; species; class; sex; purpose; event; date; head; weight; scale; origin/destination	calibrated weighing linked to herd records; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile opening + entries + births = closing + transfers + deaths; normalize transferred mass. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	head; kg	each event	complete cohort/period	all represented groups	per reference flow	calibration, signed transfer, reconciliation; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_feed_movement	managed_camelid_production	feed, browse, grazing and managed movement	invoice, ration, land and movement log	identity; source; as-fed; dry matter; class; parcel; distance; duration; refusals	weigh supply; declare method for unmeasured intake; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. feed_browse_specific_input: Operation managed_camelid_production: Record managed feed, forage, browse and supplements by actual source, state, species group and biological phase. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg; animal-days; km	event/period	all phases	group, land and shelter	per reference flow	invoice, analysis, land/movement logs; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_health_inputs	managed_camelid_production	health inputs	treatment and purchase record	product; formulation; dose; quantity; species/class; date; purpose; discard	reconcile treatments, purchases and stock; Raw aggregation requirements: sum by formulation. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. health_products_specific_input: Operation managed_camelid_production: Record medicines, vaccines, disinfectants and other health products that cross the foreground boundary. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg reference live weight Original quantity method: Record formulation, administered/discarded quantity, species/class, date and purpose; zero when unused. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	dose; kg; L	treatment	full period	all groups	per reference flow	signed log, invoice, stock balance; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_water_energy_transport	managed_camelid_production	water, energy and transport	meter, invoice, fuel and trip logs	source/carrier; quantity; activity; cargo; mass; distance; vehicle; date	meters, invoices, tanks and route records; Raw aggregation requirements: direct assignment, otherwise documented driver. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	m3; kg; L; kWh; MJ; t*km	month/trip/event	full period	all relevant activities	per reference flow	calibration, invoice, trip and allocation records; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_outputs_losses	managed_camelid_production	milk, fibre, mortality and other outputs/losses	output, transfer, mortality and waste records	identity; species; mass; basis; class; date; destination; cause; fate	weigh/meter; matching-class estimate only for mortality; Raw aggregation requirements: aggregate by identity and hand-off; separate internal use, product and waste. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; L; head	event	full period	all groups/gates	per reference flow	scale/meter, transfer and loss logs; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_manure_emissions	managed_camelid_production	manure pathways and emissions	population, feed, excretion, pathway and climate records	species/class; animal-days; feed/energy; N; pathway; storage; climate; tier; factors	records plus declared reviewed equations; Raw aggregation requirements: calculate by species/class/period/pathway and reconcile material. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg manure; kg CH4; kg N2O; kg NH3	month/phase	all phases/pathways	deposition, collection, storage, application, export	per reference flow	source records, worksheet, factor provenance; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_feed_supply_and_intake	managed_camelid_production	Feed supply, intake and loss	stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger	feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output	Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output.	kg as-fed; kg DM	each issue and period close	complete represented cohort/period	actual operated feeding nodes	per reference flow	stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation
cp_manure_n2o_coverage	managed_camelid_production	Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage	pathway N ledger and method worksheet	species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output	Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once.	kg N; kg N2O	each reporting period and management change	complete represented management period	actual operated and explicitly linked nodes	per reference flow	N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_output	all rows	attributable period amount / accepted farm-gate live weight; preserve raw species/route records.	amount; transferred live weight	amount/kg reference	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
herd_balance	herd events	opening + entries + births = closing + transfers + deaths; class transitions are linked, not new animals.	events	reconciled head balance	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
dry_matter	feed/browse	as-fed mass × measured/supplier dry-matter fraction; declare method for unmeasured intake.	as-fed; fraction; land records	kg dry matter	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
enteric_methane	enteric CH4	Apply declared tier by species/category and period; retain activity and factors.	category; animal-days; feed/energy; factors	kg CH4	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
manure_emissions	manure CH4, N2O and NH3	Apply the declared reviewed equations by animal category, excretion and manure pathway. Retain raw N-basis records; before final normalization convert kg N2O-N to kg N2O by 44/28 and kg NH3-N to kg NH3 by 17/14. Values already expressed as compound mass are not converted again. The final fixed-UUID exchange uses the mass of its named compound, never the N-basis amount.	category; excretion/N; pathway; climate; factors	kg CH4, N2O, NH3	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
transport_service	included transport	tonnes × included one-way km.	cargo mass; distance	t*km	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
calc_feed_supply_and_intake	feed_browse	Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden.	cp_feed_supply_and_intake	separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
calc_manure_n2o_coverage	direct_n2o; indirect_n2o	For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero.	cp_manure_n2o_coverage	kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; ipcc-managed-soils-2019
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_manure_emissions; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
identity_gate	reference output	Declare species, class/purpose, route, geography, period, weighing and transfer.	herd, scale, transfer and metadata records
route_specificity	all rows	Separate materially different pastoral/mobile, mixed and housed routes.	route, movement, feed, water, shelter and aggregation records
temporal_completeness	herd/assets	Cover material phases/events or disclose missing phases and supplier datasets.	herd calendar and event records
output_reconciliation	outputs/losses	Reconcile animals, applicable milk/fibre, manure, deaths, closing stock and internal use.	output, inventory, mortality and waste records
manure_balance	nutrients/emissions	Reconcile deposition, storage, treatment, application, export and waste.	pathway balance and transfer records
shared_traceability	shared assets	Retain consumers, periods, measurements, driver and single-count evidence.	meters, logs and attribution worksheet

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	reference output	Reject meat, milk, fibre, skin, service or slaughtered identities; require fixed live-animal UUID, species/route qualifiers and farm-gate live-weight basis.	fao-gleam
validate_route	route variants	Require one species/route or transparent aggregation and matching feed, movement, water, shelter, manure, energy and output records.	fao-gleam; ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
validate_periods	multi-period production	Reconcile stocks/events by species and period and reject duplicate animal, replacement or asset burdens.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
validate_outputs	reference/co-products	Require complete outputs/losses, hand-offs, partitioning and residual method; reject camel milk on South American camelid routes and duplicate hand-offs.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
validate_shared_assets	shared assets	Require at least two consumers/periods, a service boundary, one driver and no duplicate burden.	fao-ruminant-lca-2013
validate_emissions	enteric/manure rows	Require category, activity, pathway, tier, factor provenance, species/basis and reconciliation; factors are inputs, not observed amounts.	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
validate_flow_identity	water, energy, transport	Concrete publication requires one verified UUID matching set/group, property, unit, geography and use; unresolved cards cannot carry fixed UUIDs.
v_foreground_emission_responsibility	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
v_feed_supply_intake_separation	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
v_manure_n2o_coverage	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure; ipcc-managed-soils-2019

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground farm-level package for managed live camel/camelid production and transfer.
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after identity, route, allocation, temporal and geography review.
allowed_use	Farm-gate inventories matching species, class, purpose, route, geography, period and live-weight basis; input to downstream animal-product models.
excluded_use	Meat, milk-only or fibre-only reference products, other ruminants, services, slaughter or post-transfer transport without separate datasets.
required_metadata	CPC; species; class/purpose; sex/genotype where material; route/mobility; feed/browse; water; manure; geography; period; shared assets; weighing; transfer gate.
required_quality_disclosure	Coverage, missing phases, estimation, aggregation, allocation/prices, shared drivers, emission method/factors, unresolved identities and Range overrides.
update_trigger	Changed boundary/gate; new species/route evidence; compatible UUID; revised livestock/manure method; or reviewed evidence replacing provisional ranges.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-gleam	official_guidance	FAO, Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model. https://www.fao.org/gleam (retrieved 2026-09-29).	system coverage, routes, inventory and outputs
fao-ruminant-lca-2013	official_guidance	FAO, Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant supply chains — A global life cycle assessment, 2013. https://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3461e/i3461e.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-29).	boundary, route, periods, allocation and collection
fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018	official_guidance	FAO LEAP, Nutrient flows and associated environmental impacts in livestock supply chains, 2018. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca1328en (retrieved 2026-09-29).	manure, nutrient, ammonia and pathway rules
ipcc-2019-livestock-manure	method_factor	IPCC, 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 10: Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch10_Livestock.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-29).	category, feed, CH4, N2O, methods and factors
fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018	official_guidance	FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains, section 11.2.2	Feed supply versus intake and waste burden, not animal parameters. Applying this accounting principle to the declared taxon is this PCR's methodological choice; no pig diet or emission factor is transferred.
ipcc-managed-soils-2019	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11	Direct/indirect nitrogen pathways and coordination of manure storage with managed-soil emissions; select applicable species and management evidence.
fao-agricultural-energy	official_guidance	FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities