Cattle

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: 0.1.0Last updated2026-10-23
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:02111 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products/live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat/cattlesha256:5086af218056…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR defines foreground data production for live domestic cattle of genus Bos transferred at the producing farm gate. It covers cattle managed for beef, dairy, breeding, replacement, or mixed purposes and includes admitted breeding or replacement stock, managed reproduction where present, calf rearing, grazing or housed feeding, health management, water and energy use, manure handling, selection, live-weight measurement, and farm-gate transfer.

It excludes buffalo, bison and other bovines; meat and carcasses; raw milk, hides, semen and embryos as reference products; separately sold husbandry or veterinary services; slaughter, dressing, slaughterhouse receipt; and transport after farm-gate transfer. Milk, breeding stock, culled animals, and exported manure are co-products only when independently intended and transferred. Mortalities and unusable manure are losses or wastes.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	`pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.cattle`
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 `02111`, `Cattle`
covered_products	live domestic cattle of genus Bos managed for beef, dairy, breeding, replacement, or mixed purposes and transferred alive at the producing farm gate
excluded_products	buffalo, bison and other bovines; cattle meat or carcasses; raw milk; hides; semen or embryos; separately sold husbandry or veterinary services; animals after slaughterhouse receipt
representative_product	live cattle, weighed immediately before ownership or operational control transfer at the producing farm gate
production_route	managed cattle production parent with grazing or pastoral, mixed, dairy-linked, and housed or feedlot variants; each variant declares its feed, manure, infrastructure, and emissions requirement delta
market_state	live animal at farm gate with declared class, sex where material, route, live-weight basis, geography, health or market status, and cohort or reporting period

The route variants may coexist within a farm or reporting portfolio, but their records must remain separable whenever topology, feed sourcing, manure routing, infrastructure use, emissions calculation, or handover differs.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	live domestic cattle at the producing farm gate
How much	1 kg live weight
How well	declared animal class, sex where material, production purpose and route, breed or genetic line where material, live-weight measurement basis, health or market status, geography, and farm-gate condition
How long or cycle	declared cohort or complete reporting period covering the attributed breeding, rearing, growing, finishing, manure, and shared-infrastructure service periods
reference_flow_link	`live_cattle_reference_output`

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Live cattle at producing farm gate
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Mass unit group `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	animal class; sex where material; production purpose; grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed or feedlot route; breed or genetic line where material; weighed or measured live-weight basis; geography; farm-gate handover; cohort or reporting period; included lifecycle phases

No compatible Product flow has been verified for this farm-gate mass identity, so its product-flow UUID remains blank. The independently confirmed Mass property and Mass unit-group support identities are recorded above; they do not establish a product-flow binding. Head count is retained only as a parallel activity datum and must not replace the mass reference property.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`reference_live_mass`	reference product	Mass	kg	Normalize the reference output to 1 kg live animal mass measured immediately before the producing-farm handover. Record scale, timing, gut-fill or shrink convention, and whether weight is individual or cohort-derived.
`count_to_mass`	animal counts	Mass	kg	Count records require measured cohort or representative individual weights, sampling method, and class before conversion to live mass.
`feed_basis`	forage, concentrate, supplements, and milk replacer	Mass	kg as-fed and kg dry matter	Preserve as-fed quantity and moisture or dry-matter basis; do not compare or aggregate wet and dry bases without recorded conversion evidence.
`water_basis`	drinking and service water	Volume or mass	m3 or kg	Separate animal drinking water from cleaning, cooling, and manure-management water and preserve source and measurement method.
`energy_basis`	electricity, heat, and fuel carriers	Energy or carrier quantity	kWh, MJ, L, or kg	Retain the carrier-specific quantity before conversion and allocate shared meters using documented service evidence.
`gas_species_basis`	enteric and manure emissions	Pollutant mass	kg species	Report CH4, N2O, NH3 and other species separately; retain activity data, factor tier, climate or manure-system category, and molecular conversion basis.
`inventory_reference_normalization`	all inventory rows	Actual flow property	exchange unit per reference flow	The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once.
`stage_throughput_linkage`	stage records and final package contributions	Actual flow property and its stated raw basis	retain native numerator and stage denominator units	Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection.

5. System Boundary

The default foreground boundary begins when breeding or replacement animals, feed and forage, and other managed inputs enter the declared cattle system. It includes managed reproduction where present; gestation, calving and calf rearing where present; grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed or feedlot growing and finishing; animal health; directly controlled inbound movements; drinking and service water; purchased and on-site energy; manure collection, storage, treatment or use under farm control; animal selection; live-weight measurement; and transfer at the producing farm gate.

Post-transfer transport, slaughter, dressing, hide removal, meat processing, and downstream milk processing are outside the reference-product gate. Upstream feed, veterinary product, purchased animal, electricity, fuel and transport-service production are represented by linked supplier datasets unless controlled and explicitly included in the foreground package.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	admitted breeding or replacement cattle and the declared cohort or herd phase at the start of the reporting period
starting_condition_role	biological starting stock whose prior production burdens require a supplier dataset or an explicit multi-period attribution decision
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 `02111`, live cattle; the scope does not recurse through meat, milk, hide, semen, embryo, or service categories
recursive_input_rule	purchased or internally transferred live cattle within this category are recorded as starting-stock or intermediate biological inputs with origin, class, mass, prior phase and burden treatment; they are not silently recreated as the finished farm-gate reference output
upstream_dataset_requirement	supplier or preceding-phase dataset for admitted animals and purchased feed, health products, energy and services, or an explicit disclosed cutoff and reason where a compatible dataset is unavailable
disclosure	declare route variant, animal classes and phases, herd/cohort transitions, feed system, grazing and housing periods, manure systems, shared assets, intended co-products and handovers, mortalities, live-weight method, geography, reporting period, and unresolved flow identities

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`b_managed_parent`	all route variants	Use one managed cattle-production parent and declare the grazing/pastoral, mixed, dairy-linked, housed or feedlot delta in process topology, inventory categories, calculation, validation and current records.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`b_handover`	reference output	End at live cattle weighed immediately before ownership or operational control transfer at the producing farm gate; exclude slaughterhouse receipt and post-transfer transport.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`b_periods`	breeding, gestation, calf, growing, finishing and culling phases	Index inputs, outputs, events, replacement and termination by phase and reporting period, and carry starting-stock burdens exactly once.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`b_manure`	manure	Include collection, storage, treatment and land use under farm control; record exported manure at its actual handover and link off-farm treatment without duplicating upstream manure burdens.	`fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`; `ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`
`b_shared_assets`	housing, milking or feeding systems, pasture, water, energy and manure infrastructure	Name every cattle class, product node and service period consuming a shared asset; attribute the burden once using measured service before a fallback basis.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`herd_production`	Herd Production and Rearing	required	route-specific reproduction phases may be not applicable only with purchased starting stock and supplier burden disclosure	managed biological production with an explicit alternative biological route delta	live cattle mass transferred to farm-gate selection
`manure_management`	Manure Collection, Storage, Treatment, and Use	required	record the actual manure pathways; zero on-farm storage or treatment requires evidence and an explicit handover	controlled residue management	manure mass or volatile solids and nitrogen handled by pathway
`farm_gate_transfer`	Selection, Weighing, and Farm-gate Transfer	required		reference-product gate	measured live cattle mass transferred at farm gate

Process: Herd Production and Rearing (`herd_production`)

Inputs

Product flows

Breeding, replacement, or purchased young cattle (`starting_cattle_input`)

Record every animal entering the managed system with origin, class, age or phase, count, live mass, intended role, prior burden treatment, and admission date.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output and by admitted cohort

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured admitted live mass and count by cohort and phase Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Live cattle starting stock
Flow property / unit: Mass and parallel count / kg and head
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_animal_events
Sources: fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
Range: Provisional starting-stock screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 2
- Unit: kg admitted live mass/kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad route-dependent screen; zero is permitted for fully home-born cohorts
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Drinking and husbandry water (`herd_water_input`)

This conditional collection requirement covers supplied drinking, cleaning and cooling water. Foreground records determine concrete water exchanges and keep service water distinct from ambient rainfall.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured or calculated supplied water by purpose, source, cattle class and period Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Process water supply
Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Range: Provisional herd water screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0.5
- Upper: 100
- Unit: m3/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad drinking and husbandry-water screen across cattle routes
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Alternating current (`herd_energy_input_electricity`)

Feeding, ventilation, pumping, cooling, shared milking, fencing and pasture machinery within the herd boundary; activate electricity only for electric equipment and diesel only for documented diesel machinery.

Activate only for documented alternating-current consumption at this node. The identity leaves voltage, technology and provider unspecified; record them and select compatible upstream supply. Preserve measured kWh and convert exactly to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not interpret electric energy as combustion fuel or useful heat.

Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
Flow property / unit: Energy (database reference property: net calorific value) 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
Amount rule: Collect only this carrier quantity attributable to this node under cp_energy_and_infrastructure. Reconcile inclusive services and shared use once; scale the attributed quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit. Preserve process-native throughput records; do not renormalize a final-reference amount.
Value mode: calculated_value
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: reference_flow
Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_infrastructure
Sources: route-energy-fao

Apply herd_energy_input_identification in Section 8. No numerical range or default is inherited from the former aggregate card.

Diesel fuel (`herd_energy_input_diesel`)

Activate only when equipment and purchase records identify this fuel at this node. Record grade, formulation, supplier and actual mass; convert volume using documented density, not a default. The UUID identifies a fuel product, not a combustion service or emission factor. Account for actual foreground combustion separately without duplicating an inclusive upstream service.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect only this carrier quantity attributable to this node under cp_energy_and_infrastructure. Reconcile inclusive services and shared use once; scale the attributed quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit. Preserve process-native throughput records; do not renormalize a final-reference amount.
Value mode: calculated_value
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: reference_flow
Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_infrastructure
Sources: route-energy-fao

Apply herd_energy_input_identification in Section 8. No numerical range or default is inherited from the former aggregate card.

Controlled inbound cattle and feed transport (`inbound_transport_input`)

Include only movements under foreground control between admitted animals or feed origin and the farm; supplier-delivered transport already represented upstream must not be counted again.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: shipment mass in tonnes multiplied by controlled loaded distance; preserve animal and feed movements separately Original collection denominator kind: transport_service.

Selected flow: Inbound road freight transport service
Flow property / unit: Transport service / tonne-kilometre
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_transport_records
Range: Provisional inbound transport screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10000
- Unit: tkm/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad route screen; zero is valid when no controlled inbound transport occurs
- Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed. Imported manure, bedding waste or residues must be added as separate foreground cards with origin and fate when actually used.

Elementary flows

No default elementary input is prescribed. Grazing land occupation, water withdrawal, or other elementary resources must be added only after the site scope and exact elementary-flow identity are established.

Outputs

Product flows

Live cattle intended output transferred to farm-gate selection (`live_cattle_to_gate`)

This internal output carries eligible live cattle from herd production to selection and weighing with cohort, class, count and measured live mass preserved.

Denominator and scope requirements：per production cohort before gate selection

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured live mass and count entering farm-gate selection Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Live cattle before farm-gate selection
Flow property / unit: Mass and parallel count / kg and head
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_animal_events
Range: Herd-to-gate live-mass balance
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg transferred live mass/kg live cattle available for selection
- Basis: transfer fraction constrained by cohort mass balance
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
- Sources: mass-balance-identity

Raw cattle milk transferred as an independent product (`raw_cattle_milk_coproduct`)

Include only raw cattle milk that is independently intended and transferred at its documented farm handover. Keep its lot, raw state, composition, accepted net mass, recipient and handover separate from live-animal output. This is a conditional milk exchange, not a combined cattle-system output.

Selected flow: Raw cattle milk at producing farm gate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record actual accepted net milk mass separately; calculate its final-package contribution using inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage with the matched herd-period records. Preserve the unallocated physical milk ledger separately from shared-burden attribution.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_outputs_and_allocation
Sources: fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016

No category-wide numerical range is established. Determine actual mass from milk handover records; missing records or an unresolved compatible UUID block a complete linked dataset rather than establishing zero milk output.

Live breeding cattle transferred as an independent product (`live_breeding_cattle_coproduct`)

Include only live domestic cattle of genus Bos independently transferred for breeding as a separately declared product stratum outside the selected live-cattle reference-output denominator. Declare animal identity, class, purpose, count, measured live weight, recipient and farm-gate handover. If these animals already belong to the selected reference-output stratum, count them there only; animal class alone does not create another product or sale.

Selected flow: Live domestic breeding cattle at producing farm gate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight; head count retained separately
Amount rule: Record the measured live mass of the unique transferred breeding animals; calculate its final-package contribution using inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage with the matched herd-period records. Preserve the unallocated animal ledger separately from shared-burden attribution.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_outputs_and_allocation
Sources: fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016

No category-wide numerical range is established. Reconcile actual transfers with the animal-event and stock records; a compatible UUID remains unresolved until independently confirmed for this live-animal identity, property and gate.

Live culled cattle transferred as an independent product (`live_culled_cattle_coproduct`)

Include only live domestic cattle of genus Bos independently transferred as a separately declared culled-animal product stratum outside the selected live-cattle reference-output denominator. Declare unique animal identity, culling event, count, measured live weight, recipient and farm-gate handover. These are live animals, not mortalities or carcass waste. If they already belong to the selected reference-output stratum, count them there only; a culling event alone does not create another product or sale.

Selected flow: Live culled domestic cattle at producing farm gate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight; head count retained separately
Amount rule: Record the measured live mass of the unique transferred culled animals; calculate its final-package contribution using inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage with the matched herd-period records. Preserve the unallocated animal ledger separately from shared-burden attribution.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_outputs_and_allocation
Sources: fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016

No category-wide numerical range is established. Reconcile actual transfers with animal-event, culling and stock records; a compatible UUID remains unresolved until independently confirmed for this live-animal identity, property and gate.

Waste flows

Cattle mortalities and unusable biological losses (`cattle_mortalities`)

Record deaths and unusable biological losses by animal class, count, estimated or measured mass, cause, date and disposal or recovery path; they are not automatic co-products.

Denominator and scope requirements：per cohort and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured or calculated mortality mass with fate and count retained Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Cattle mortality waste
Flow property / unit: Mass and count / kg and head
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_animal_events

No universal numeric bound is established by the cited balance identity or method. Derive a lot/site-specific check from measured inputs, outputs, moisture, growth where applicable, stocks, losses and uncertainty on compatible bases. Report numeric screening unavailable until supported; retain the measured exchange and investigate residuals without clipping or substituting a default.

Manure transferred to management (`manure_to_management`)

Record excreted manure entering each collection, pasture deposition, storage, treatment or direct-use pathway with animal class, period, volatile solids, nitrogen basis and bedding included separately where possible.

Denominator and scope requirements：per manure pathway and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured manure or calculated excretion by animal population, intake, digestibility and period Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Cattle manure requiring management
Flow property / unit: Mass, volatile solids, and nitrogen / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_emissions
Sources: fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018; ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
Range: Provisional manure wet-mass screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg wet manure/kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad system and moisture-dependent screen; volatile-solids and nitrogen calculations control emissions
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Enteric methane to air (`enteric_methane_air`)

Calculate methane by cattle category, diet, intake or energy basis, production phase, factor tier, geography and reporting period; use the verified biogenic-methane identity for emissions to unspecified air.

Denominator and scope requirements：per cohort-period and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: IPCC-consistent calculation from collected animal-category and feed activity data or measured farm evidence Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg CH4
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_emissions
Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
Range: Provisional enteric-methane screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1000
- Unit: kg CH4/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad cross-route QA screen; not an IPCC default factor or universal inventory amount
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Manure Collection, Storage, Treatment, and Use (`manure_management`)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (`manure_energy_input_electricity`)

Scraping, pumping, separation, aeration, storage, treatment and land application under farm control. Electricity applies only to actual electric drives; identify the actual power source of mobile spreading separately.

Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
Flow property / unit: Energy (database reference property: net calorific value) 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
Amount rule: Collect only this carrier quantity attributable to this node under cp_energy_and_infrastructure. Reconcile inclusive services and shared use once; scale the attributed quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit. Preserve process-native throughput records; do not renormalize a final-reference amount.
Value mode: calculated_value
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: reference_flow
Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_infrastructure
Sources: route-energy-fao

Apply manure_energy_input_identification in Section 8. No numerical range or default is inherited from the former aggregate card.

Manure-management water (`manure_water_input`)

Record wash, dilution and treatment water separately from drinking water and rainfall.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg manure handled and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: metered or calculated supplied water by manure pathway Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Process water supply
Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Range: Provisional manure-water screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 50
- Unit: m3/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad system-dependent QA screen
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Manure received from herd production (`manure_received`)

This internal waste input must reconcile with manure transferred from herd production by pathway and period.

Denominator and scope requirements：per manure pathway and reporting period

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: equal to manure transferred into each declared pathway after documented pasture deposition and stock changes Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Cattle manure requiring management
Flow property / unit: Mass, volatile solids, and nitrogen / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_emissions
Range: Manure transfer reconciliation
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg received/kg manure transferred to management
- Basis: internal transfer fraction after separately recorded pasture deposition and stock change
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
- Sources: mass-balance-identity

Elementary flows

No default elementary input is prescribed. Add land, water or material elementary inputs only for the actual manure pathway and verified identity.

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Manure methane to air (`manure_methane_air`)

Calculate methane by manure management system, volatile solids, temperature or climate, storage duration, methane recovery and reporting period.

Denominator and scope requirements：per manure pathway and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: IPCC-consistent calculation from collected animal and manure-system activity data, adjusted for measured recovery where applicable Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg CH4
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_emissions
Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
Range: Provisional manure-methane screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 500
- Unit: kg CH4/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad pathway QA screen; not a universal emission factor
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Direct and indirect nitrous oxide to air (`manure_nitrous_oxide_air`)

Calculate N2O by nitrogen excretion, manure pathway, field deposition or application, volatilization and leaching assumptions, keeping direct and indirect components traceable.

Coverage of this single N2O card: use calc_manure_n2o_coverage to calculate direct and applicable indirect components separately for the represented node, then report only their non-overlapping molecular-N2O sum assigned to this card. Keep storage and managed-soil calculations distinct. Exclude components explicitly covered by a linked process, retain the coverage evidence, and do not duplicate them as both aggregate and component exchanges. Missing indirect-pathway evidence is not zero.

Denominator and scope requirements：per manure pathway and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: IPCC-consistent calculation from collected nitrogen and manure-pathway activity data Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: nitrous oxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg N2O
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_and_emissions
Sources: ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
Range: Provisional manure-N2O screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg N2O/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad pathway QA screen; not a universal emission factor
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Selection, Weighing, and Farm-gate Transfer (`farm_gate_transfer`)

Inputs

Product flows

Live cattle entering selection and weighing (`live_cattle_gate_input`)

Carry cattle from herd production with unchanged cohort, class and traceability; record selection outcome and measured pre-transfer live mass.

Denominator and scope requirements：per transfer lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured input live mass and count by transfer lot Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

Selected flow: Live cattle before farm-gate selection
Flow property / unit: Mass and parallel count / kg and head
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_gate_transfer
Range: Gate-input reconciliation
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 1
- Upper: 2
- Unit: kg cattle entering selection/kg farm-gate reference output
- Basis: broad selection and short holding-loss screen; investigate values outside the range
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Farm-gate handling water (`gate_water_input`)

Record supplied water for animal drinking during short holding and gate cleaning, separated by purpose.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: metered or calculated supplied water during gate operations Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Process water supply
Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Range: Provisional gate-water screen
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: m3/1,000 kg farm-gate live output
- Basis: broad short-holding and cleaning screen
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No default waste input is prescribed.

Elementary flows

No default elementary input is prescribed.

Outputs

Product flows

Live cattle reference product (`live_cattle_reference_output`)

This is the reference product: live cattle measured immediately before farm-gate ownership or control transfer. Post-transfer vehicle movement is excluded.

Raw reference-output records: measured accepted transfer mass on the declared live-weight basis Preserve the measured accepted lot quantity and every required qualifier. The amount below is the normalized reference exchange, not an assertion that a physical lot contains only one unit.

Denominator and scope requirements：per reference flow

Selected flow: Live cattle at producing farm gate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: 1 kg
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_gate_transfer
Range: Reference product normalization
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 1
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg/kg reference flow
- Basis: normalized accepted farm-gate live cattle output
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
- Sources: reference-definition

Waste flows

Dead cattle carcasses at the gate (`gate_rejects_and_losses`)

Record only actual dead cattle carcasses generated within the gate operation and assigned a documented waste destination. Retain weighing or a documented carcass-mass estimate, head count, event, location, destination and treatment responsibility. Rejected animals that remain alive, retained or returned animals, excreta and short-holding live-weight change are not this carcass exchange. Cross-check mortality records in preceding processes so the same carcass and its treatment are counted once.

Denominator and scope requirements: per transfer lot and per kg accepted reference output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: sum the documented actual carcass mass attributable to this gate operation; keep head count as supporting activity data. A live-mass balance deficit is not a substitute for carcass mass or a waste-treatment amount. Normalize the attributable carcass mass exactly once under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage.

Selected flow: Dead cattle carcasses
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the documented gate carcass quantity and waste destination; do not infer it from input live mass minus accepted output.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_gate_transfer
Range: Batch-specific carcass availability QA bound; not a mortality default
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: Q_carcass_gate / Q_accepted
- Unit: kg carcass/kg accepted live cattle output
- Basis: per 1 kg accepted live cattle output from the matched gate lot and period. Q_carcass_gate is the documented actual mass of unique carcasses newly generated within this gate operation, before burden attribution; Q_accepted is the measured positive accepted live output mass from the same lot and period. This is a site-calculated physical availability bound, not an empirical rate, default amount or permission to infer carcass mass from live-weight deficit.
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
- Sources: mass-balance-identity

Elementary flows

No default elementary output is prescribed. Add direct emissions from gate equipment only when the actual carrier and emission species are recorded and not already represented by the energy supplier dataset.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`a_output_hierarchy`	live cattle, milk, breeding stock, culled animals and exported manure	Partition directly measured product-specific records first. Enumerate each intended output and handover. If indivisible burdens remain, use an explicit PCR-specific physical causal relation; use economic allocation only when physical causality is not defensible, and disclose prices, period and sensitivity.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`; `fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`
`a_residue_status`	manure, mortalities and biological losses	Treat exported manure as a co-product only with intentional recovery and a documented transfer; treat mortalities and unusable manure as waste or loss. Do not convert a residue to a product merely to obtain a credit.	`fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`
`a_multi_period`	breeding stock, replacement animals, calves, growing and finishing phases	Index starting stock, births, purchases, sales, deaths, culls and ending stock by cohort-period. Attribute prior and current-period burdens once, reconcile stock change, and document replacement or termination treatment.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`a_shared_infrastructure`	shared housing, milking, feeding, pasture, water, energy and manure assets	Identify all consuming nodes and service periods; allocate measured service directly, then equipment hours, animal-days, live-mass-days or another documented causal driver. Fractions must sum to one and the shared burden must be counted once.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`a_route_separation`	coexisting grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed and feedlot variants	Keep route-specific feed, manure, infrastructure and emissions records separate. A portfolio average may be published only with production-weighted route shares and no duplicate animals or periods.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Other independently intended products

Identify every other actual intended cattle-system product and its independent handover under cp_outputs_and_allocation. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not a selected exchange. Before dataset completeness, add one physically specific card per actual product with native property/unit, measured quantity, state, recipient and gate; verify a compatible UUID or retain its exact unresolved identity. Keep milk mass and live-animal mass/count separate; no product-equivalent conversion or cross-product numerical screen is supplied. Link unique animals and lots to exactly one physical output, exclude internal transfers from final sales, and do not count an animal in both a co-product card and the selected reference-output denominator. Apply Section 7 allocation to shared burdens separately from the unallocated physical output ledger. Missing identity or output records remain a completeness gap, never zero or permission to omit a product.

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
`feed_and_forage_input_specific_input`	`cp_feed_and_grazing`	Operation herd_production: Record supplied feed separately from actual intake and losses, by identity, source, as-fed mass, dry matter, composition, cattle class and feeding period; grazing intake may be calculated from measured pasture and animal records. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output and by cohort-period Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.
`animal_health_input_specific_input`	`cp_health_records`	Operation herd_production: Record medicines, vaccines, disinfectants and other health products actually used; veterinary services are recorded separately from physical products and are not the cattle reference product. Denominator and scope requirements：per treated cohort and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: treatment and purchase records by product, dose, animal class and event Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.

Route-specific energy identification requirements

Select energy exchanges from the actual product state, operation, equipment and supply records. The conditional cards below are not a mandatory or exhaustive fuel list. For each requirement, document applicability and the used carrier, supplier, service period, native quantity and allocation; add a separate physically specific card and verify its UUID for any actual input not yet represented. An unidentified input remains an explicit completeness gap, never a zero or a generic energy exchange. Evidence of manual work, ambient drying or a bypass can justify non-use only for the affected operation. Preserve every required operation even when no example card is supplied.

Separate purchased supply from on-site conversion. Link self-generated electricity internally to the foreground generator and count its actual fuel and emissions there once; do not also charge a purchased-electricity supply for the same internal transfer. Likewise do not count supplier-side fuel again with purchased heat. Reconcile shared meters and contractor-included energy against existing cards, with one physical quantity assigned once. Retain source quantities, output throughput, shared-service allocation and excluded post-gate activities. For each carrier, apply period/output attribution once and scale to the declared reference quantity using matched accepted final output in the same product unit; do not normalize an already normalized amount again. Process-native intensities require a measured throughput link to that final output. These requirements do not set a consumption default or certify dataset completeness.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Required operation and evidence
`herd_energy_input_identification`	`cp_energy_and_infrastructure`	Feeding, ventilation, pumping, cooling, shared milking, fencing and pasture machinery within the herd boundary; activate electricity only for electric equipment and diesel only for documented diesel machinery. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter, invoice or equipment log by carrier, consuming node and service period Original collection denominator kind: process_output. (`route-energy-fao`)
`manure_energy_input_identification`	`cp_energy_and_infrastructure`	Scraping, pumping, separation, aeration, storage, treatment and land application under farm control. Electricity applies only to actual electric drives; identify the actual power source of mobile spreading separately. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg manure handled and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: carrier-specific meter, invoice or equipment log assigned to manure pathways Original collection denominator kind: process_output. (`route-energy-fao`)
`gate_energy_input_identification`	`cp_energy_and_infrastructure`	Short holding, weighing and loading before farm-gate handover. Identify the actual handling equipment first; neither powered handling nor a fuel is assumed. Exclude post-transfer transport. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter, invoice or equipment runtime assigned to gate operations Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. (`route-energy-fao`)

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
`cp_animal_events`	`herd_production`	starting stock, births, transfers, deaths, culls and cattle sent to gate	herd register, movement record, scale ticket, veterinary mortality record	animal or cohort id; class; sex; purpose; breed; event; date; count; live mass; origin; destination; phase	electronic herd register and calibrated scale or documented representative weighing; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile beginning stock + births + purchases = transfers + deaths + culls + ending stock by class and period. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	head and kg	each event	complete cohort and reporting period	named farm, herd and cohort	per reference flow	movement documents, scale calibration, signed herd register; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_feed_and_grazing`	`herd_production`	feed, forage and grazing intake	purchase, ration, feed issue, pasture and residue records	feed identity; source; as-fed mass; dry matter; nutrient or energy composition; leftovers; pasture area and period; cattle class	invoices, feed inventory, ration logs, pasture records and documented intake calculation; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. `feed_and_forage_input_specific_input`: Operation herd_production: Record supplied feed separately from actual intake and losses, by identity, source, as-fed mass, dry matter, composition, cattle class and feeding period; grazing intake may be calculated from measured pasture and animal records. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output and by cohort-period Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg as-fed, kg dry matter, ha-day	daily issue or period summary	all feeding and grazing phases	feed store, pasture parcel, housing group and cohort	per reference flow	supplier specification, moisture result, inventory reconciliation; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_water_records`	`herd_production`; `manure_management`; `farm_gate_transfer`	drinking, cleaning, cooling and manure water	meter, tank, pump runtime and allocation record	source; purpose; opening and closing reads; volume; runtime; shared users; period	calibrated meter or documented pump/runtime calculation; Raw aggregation requirements: sum by purpose and allocate shared readings once. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	m3 or kg	daily, monthly or batch	complete reporting period	source, process and consuming node	per reference flow	meter calibration, bill and allocation worksheet; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_energy_and_infrastructure`	`herd_production`; `manure_management`; `farm_gate_transfer`	energy and shared assets	meter, invoice, fuel, equipment and asset register	carrier; quantity; meter; equipment; service; users; operating hours; asset life; service period; allocation driver	submeter, invoice, tank record, runtime log and asset register; Raw aggregation requirements: direct meter assignment first; allocate residual shared amount once by documented causal driver. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. Route-specific requirements: `herd_energy_input_identification`: Feeding, ventilation, pumping, cooling, shared milking, fencing and pasture machinery within the herd boundary; activate electricity only for electric equipment and diesel only for documented diesel machinery. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter, invoice or equipment log by carrier, consuming node and service period Original collection denominator kind: process_output. (`route-energy-fao`) `manure_energy_input_identification`: Scraping, pumping, separation, aeration, storage, treatment and land application under farm control. Electricity applies only to actual electric drives; identify the actual power source of mobile spreading separately. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg manure handled and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: carrier-specific meter, invoice or equipment log assigned to manure pathways Original collection denominator kind: process_output. (`route-energy-fao`) `gate_energy_input_identification`: Short holding, weighing and loading before farm-gate handover. Identify the actual handling equipment first; neither powered handling nor a fuel is assumed. Exclude post-transfer transport. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1,000 kg farm-gate live cattle output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter, invoice or equipment runtime assigned to gate operations Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. (`route-energy-fao`) Verify actual use, equipment and supply for each applicable input; create one specific exchange per actual carrier before dataset completeness. Missing identity or quantity evidence remains unresolved, never zero. Distinguish purchased supply, internal generation and inclusive contractor services; count their energy once. Do not substitute the conditional examples for an unverified route.	kWh, MJ, L, kg, hours	monthly and each major operation	full reporting and asset service period	process, herd group and shared farm system	per reference flow	invoices, meter calibration, equipment log, allocation worksheet; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_health_records`	`herd_production`	animal-health products and interventions	medicine register, purchase and treatment record	product; active substance; dose; unit; animal class; count; date; reason; withdrawal status	farm treatment register and supplier record; Raw aggregation requirements: sum product quantity by identity and class; retain services separately. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `animal_health_input_specific_input`: Operation herd_production: Record medicines, vaccines, disinfectants and other health products actually used; veterinary services are recorded separately from physical products and are not the cattle reference product. Denominator and scope requirements：per treated cohort and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: treatment and purchase records by product, dose, animal class and event Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	native product unit and event	each treatment	complete reporting period	herd, cohort and treatment group	per reference flow	invoice, veterinarian or treatment record; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_transport_records`	`herd_production`	controlled inbound cattle and feed movements	shipment and route record	cargo; mass; origin; destination; mode; vehicle; loaded distance; empty return convention; control boundary	weigh ticket, delivery record and route log; Raw aggregation requirements: sum tonnes multiplied by loaded kilometres by cargo and mode. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	t, km, tkm	each trip	complete reporting period	controlled inbound route	per reference flow	manifest, scale ticket and route evidence; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_manure_and_emissions`	`herd_production`; `manure_management`	excretion, manure pathways, methane and nitrogen losses; required specific-emission identification and calculation	animal, feed, manure, storage, treatment, recovery and application record	animal category; population; days; intake; digestibility; volatile solids; nitrogen; system; storage days; climate; recovery; export; application; factor tier; substance name; receiving compartment; reported unit and elemental/compound basis; method and factor source; actual activity; period; quantity uncertainty; related existing exchanges	measurements plus IPCC-consistent calculation from collected activity data; Raw aggregation requirements: calculate by category-pathway-period; reconcile manure and nitrogen transfers; aggregate after retaining components. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `unusable_manure_waste_specific_output`: Record manure, sludge, bedding residue or treatment residue not intentionally transferred as a product, including actual fate and treatment destination. Denominator and scope requirements：per manure pathway and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured or reconciled waste mass by pathway and destination Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory specific-output collection requirement, not a selected exchange. Preserve every actual waste, residue, reject and co-product from this operation. Create separate cards for physically distinct streams with actual material, composition/state, quantity, receiving route and Product/Waste role before dataset completeness; verify a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. A genuinely mixed stream may remain one physically defined mixture supported by composition records; never invent separation or count its components again. Keep liquid and solid treatment quantities separate. Preserve original period, output balance, reference normalization and allocation rules; missing records do not establish zero or exclusion. `mass-balance-identity`; manure_nitrogen_losses_specific_emission: For each actual cattle-manure pathway, identify reported ammonia, nitrogen oxides, nitrate and other evidenced nitrogen species and their receiving media separately. Retain the original manure-pathway and live-output attribution. Reconcile nitrogen on a common elemental-N ledger: the non-overlapping sum of losses cannot exceed available manure N after exported and retained N; the original 0 to 1 fraction is a total N-budget check, not a compound emission factor. Do not count the same nitrogen twice across linked pathways. This is a mandatory identification and calculation requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, instantiate one concrete elementary card per actual substance and receiving compartment. Retain kg substance separately from kg elemental N; convert only from the method-reported basis using the documented composition or stoichiometric fraction of the identified species. Never equate all nitrogen with a chosen compound or add elemental-N and compound masses as separate releases. Preserve source activity, factor units, period, uncertainty, boundary and original normalization; link to an existing matching card instead of counting a duplicate. Verify a compatible UUID or explicitly register the concrete unresolved identity. Missing identity, method or activity evidence does not establish zero or justify omission.	kg manure, kg VS, kg N, kg gas species; kg of each identified substance and kg N recorded separately	monthly or management event	every animal phase and manure pathway	barn, pasture, storage, treatment and field pathway	per reference flow	laboratory or supplier data, logs, factor table and calculation workbook; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_outputs_and_allocation`	`herd_production`; `manure_management`	intended outputs, handovers and attribution	sales, milk, breeding, cull, manure export and allocation record	product; quantity; property; handover; recipient; date; direct burden; shared pool; allocation driver; price if used	invoice, meter, scale and allocation worksheet; Raw aggregation requirements: direct assignment first; allocate only residual pools; shares sum to one. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `exported_manure_product_specific_output`: Treat manure as a product only when it is intentionally recovered and transferred with a measured quantity, composition, recipient, handover and upstream burden treatment. Denominator and scope requirements：per manure pathway and per 1,000 kg farm-gate live output after attribution Raw quantity and calculation requirements: measured exported mass with dry matter, nitrogen and other declared nutrient content Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory output-identification requirement, not an aggregate exchange. Preserve every actual co-product, reject, packaging waste and treatment stream in this operation. Before dataset completeness create separate cards for physically distinct streams, with actual material/state, quantity, destination and Product/Waste role. A genuinely mixed waste stream may remain one physically defined mixture with measured composition; do not invent separation or count its components again. Keep unlike units separate, retain the original allocation and reference normalization, and reconcile the output balance. Identify actual functions before co-product allocation; waste does not acquire a co-product share merely by having mass. Confirm a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. Missing records never establish zero or exclusion. `fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`	product-specific	each handover and reporting-period close	complete period	all product nodes and recipients	per reference flow	signed handover, measured quantity, reviewed worksheet; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_gate_transfer`	`farm_gate_transfer`	selection, pre-transfer weighing and handover	selection list, calibrated scale ticket, health or market document and transfer record	lot; animal class; sex; route; count; live mass; weighing time; scale; gut-fill or shrink convention; accept/reject; retained; destination; handover time	calibrated scale and signed transfer record; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile input, accepted output, retained or returned cattle, rejects, deaths and measured loss. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. Keep mutually exclusive accepted, retained/returned, other live transfers and deaths by animal/lot and time. Retain actual carcass mass and disposal evidence separately from live-weight change, excreta, water/carbon transfers and measurement uncertainty. Investigate unexplained residuals rather than turning them into waste; preserve non-carcass waste duties in their actual existing pathway records. Match preceding mortality and treatment records to prevent duplication.	kg and head	each transfer lot	full gate operation	producing farm gate	per reference flow	scale calibration, signed ticket and transfer document; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_feed_supply_and_intake`	`herd_production`	Feed supply, intake and loss	stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger	feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output	Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output.	kg as-fed; kg DM	each issue and period close	complete represented cohort/period	actual operated feeding nodes	per reference flow	stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation
`cp_manure_n2o_coverage`	`manure_management`	Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage	pathway N ledger and method worksheet	species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output	Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once.	kg N; kg N2O	each reporting period and management change	complete represented management period	actual operated and explicitly linked nodes	per reference flow	N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
`c_normalize_reference`	all inventory rows	normalized amount = attributed process amount / accepted farm-gate live cattle mass on the declared weighing basis.	attributed amount; accepted live mass	amount per 1 kg reference output	`reference-definition`
`c_herd_balance`	animal events	beginning animals + births + purchases = cattle sent to gate + other sales + deaths + culls + ending animals, separately by class and period; reconcile parallel live mass without mixing count and mass.	animal-event counts and weights	cohort-period balance and residual	`mass-balance-identity`
`c_feed_dry_matter`	feed and forage	dry-matter intake = as-fed net intake multiplied by measured or supplier dry-matter fraction; retain each feed identity.	gross issue; leftovers; dry-matter fraction	kg dry matter by feed and class	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`c_enteric_ch4`	enteric methane	Apply the selected IPCC tier to collected category, population, days, intake or energy and diet records; sum category-period CH4 only after preserving inputs and factors.	animal categories; population-days; feed or energy data; selected factors	kg CH4 by category-period	`ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`
`c_manure_emissions`	manure methane and nitrogen emissions	Calculate by manure system, volatile solids, nitrogen, climate, storage and recovery; keep direct N2O, indirect N2O, NH3 and other species separate and avoid double counting exported nitrogen.	VS; N; system shares; time; climate; recovery; export; factors	kg named gas or loss species by pathway-period	`ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`; `fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`
`c_transport_service`	controlled inbound transport	transport service = actual cargo mass in tonnes × loaded distance; include empty return only when not represented in provider data.	cargo mass; distance; mode; return convention	tonne-kilometres	`mass-balance-identity`
`c_shared_attribution`	shared resources and assets	attributed amount = shared pool × documented service fraction; all consumer fractions for the service period sum to one.	shared total; consumers; service periods; allocation driver	amount by process, product and period	`mass-balance-identity`
`c_gate_balance`	gate records and `gate_rejects_and_losses`	Reconcile animal counts using mutually exclusive accepted, retained/returned, other live transfers and deaths within matched lot/time records. Reconcile live mass separately, recording measured weight change and applicable feed/water, excreta or carbon transfers and uncertainty; investigate residuals without assigning them to waste. The carcass exchange uses documented actual carcass mass and fate only, reconciled with prior mortality records, then normalized once.	`cp_gate_transfer`; matched mortality and weighing records	animal-count and live-mass reconciliation; separately evidenced kg carcass	`mass-balance-identity`
`calc_feed_supply_and_intake`	`feed_and_forage_input`	Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden.	`cp_feed_supply_and_intake`	separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units	`fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018`
`calc_manure_n2o_coverage`	`manure_nitrous_oxide_air`	For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero.	`cp_manure_n2o_coverage`	kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card	`ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`; `ipcc-managed-soils-2019`
`manure_nitrogen_losses_specific_emission`	`manure_management`	For each actual cattle-manure pathway, identify reported ammonia, nitrogen oxides, nitrate and other evidenced nitrogen species and their receiving media separately. Retain the original manure-pathway and live-output attribution. Reconcile nitrogen on a common elemental-N ledger: the non-overlapping sum of losses cannot exceed available manure N after exported and retained N; the original 0 to 1 fraction is a total N-budget check, not a compound emission factor. Do not count the same nitrogen twice across linked pathways. This is a mandatory identification and calculation requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, instantiate one concrete elementary card per actual substance and receiving compartment. Retain kg substance separately from kg elemental N; convert only from the method-reported basis using the documented composition or stoichiometric fraction of the identified species. Never equate all nitrogen with a chosen compound or add elemental-N and compound masses as separate releases. Preserve source activity, factor units, period, uncertainty, boundary and original normalization; link to an existing matching card instead of counting a duplicate. Verify a compatible UUID or explicitly register the concrete unresolved identity. Missing identity, method or activity evidence does not establish zero or justify omission.	`cp_manure_and_emissions`	separate substance/compartment emissions and elemental ledgers	`fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`; `ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`; `mass-balance-identity`
`c_gate_carcass_availability`	`gate_rejects_and_losses` range QA	Q_carcass_gate = sum of documented actual mass for unique carcasses newly generated in this gate operation, excluding prior-phase carcasses and duplicate movements or treatment tickets. Q_accepted = measured accepted live output mass for the same lot and period, strictly positive. After the existing non-negative attribution and final-reference normalization, the carcass exchange in kg per kg accepted output must lie between 0 and Q_carcass_gate / Q_accepted. Use the range only to check independently recorded actual quantities; never generate an exchange from its upper bound or from a live-weight residual. Missing or incompatible carcass/output records make this QA unevaluable, not zero or a pass. A zero carcass amount requires documented absence; a lot with zero accepted output cannot normalize a 1 kg product dataset. Investigate mismatches and weighing uncertainty without clipping records to the bound.	`cp_gate_transfer`; actual carcass event/mass/fate and accepted-output records	site-specific QA upper bound in kg carcass/kg accepted live output	`mass-balance-identity`
`chemical_species_mass_accounting`	`elementary_nutrient_emissions`	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	`cp_manure_and_emissions`; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
`dq_identity`	reference and all final exchanges	Confirm the concrete flow type, direction, product or substance identity, farm or process gate, property, unit and support references before dataset release.	platform detail-read and support-reference review
`dq_route`	every represented route	Declare the managed parent and the route delta in feed, topology, manure, infrastructure, calculation and validation; do not merge incompatible route records.	route description, housing/grazing records, process map
`dq_period`	animal phases and shared assets	Cover the full attributed cohort or reporting period and link opening stock, replacements, births, events, outputs, termination and asset service periods.	herd register, calendar and allocation worksheet
`dq_completeness`	foreground inventory	Include or justify not applicable for starting animals, feed, water, energy, health products, transport under control, intended outputs, mortalities, manure pathways and direct emissions.	completeness matrix and source records
`dq_mass_and_nitrogen`	cattle and manure	Reconcile animal count/live mass and manure or nitrogen transfers without treating an unmeasured stock change as a sale or emission.	balances, scale records and calculation workbook
`dq_attribution`	multi-output and shared systems	Retain direct assignments, shared pools, drivers, fractions and sensitivities; demonstrate that each burden, output and handover is counted once.	reviewed allocation worksheet

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`v_reference_gate`	reference output	Reject a package unless 1 kg represents live Bos cattle weighed immediately before producing-farm ownership or control transfer with all required qualifiers; count alone is not acceptable.	`reference-definition`
`v_route_delta`	grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed and feedlot variants	Require the managed parent and current evidence for changed topology, feed, manure, infrastructure, calculation or validation; reject label-only variants and unexplained aggregation of mutually exclusive periods.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`v_output_status`	every product, residue and loss	Require one classification as intended output, residue or waste and one actual handover or fate; milk, breeding stock, culls and exported manure are not automatic co-products.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`; `fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`
`v_period_attribution`	all cohort phases and replacements	Require phase and period indexing, opening and ending stock, replacement and termination treatment, and no duplicate attribution of prior-period or starting-stock burdens.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`v_shared_infrastructure`	assets or services used by multiple nodes, products or periods	Require all consumers and service periods, one evidence-backed attribution decision, fractions summing to one, and no duplicate burden across milk, cattle, manure or other products.	`fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016`
`v_manure_and_emissions`	manure and direct emissions	Require animal category, manure pathway, VS and N basis, selected factor tier, climate or storage conditions, recovery and species-specific outputs; reject generic gas or nitrogen labels in final exchanges.	`ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`; `fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018`
`v_flow_binding`	all final exchanges	Expand unresolved conditional flow identities from actual records and verify every concrete UUID, property and unit. Keep unresolved identities blank; do not bind raw milk, veterinary service, buffalo, goat, beef, count-only ox or another near match as the live-cattle mass reference.	`reference-definition`
`v_mass_balance`	herd, manure and gate records	Investigate animal, live-mass, manure and nitrogen balance residuals and disclose measurement uncertainty before secondary or background use.	`mass-balance-identity`
`v_foreground_emission_responsibility`	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
`v_feed_supply_intake_separation`	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	`fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018`
`v_manure_n2o_coverage`	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	`ipcc-2019-livestock-manure`; `ipcc-managed-soils-2019`
`v_gate_waste_quantity`	gate waste and live-weight reconciliation	Reject assigning live-weight deficit, live returns or retained animals to carcass waste or its treatment amount. Require actual carcass mass, fate and responsibility, investigate unexplained residuals and exclude duplicate prior-phase mortality or treatment.	`mass-balance-identity`

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground cattle-production package that may become a `secondary_dataset` or `background_dataset` only after identity and methodology review
downstream_use	input to downstream livestock, slaughter, food, leather, manure-use and agricultural lifecycle models beginning after the producing-farm gate
allowed_use	live domestic Bos cattle on a declared mass, route, cohort-period and producing-farm-gate basis with complete attribution and quality disclosure
excluded_use	buffalo or other bovines; meat, milk, hides, semen, embryos or services as the reference product; slaughterhouse-gate animals; count-only reference flows; unresolved or approximate UUID substitution
required_metadata	cattle class; sex where material; purpose; breed where material; route variant; live-weight basis; geography; farm-gate handover; cohort and reporting period; phases; feed basis; manure systems; co-product handovers; shared assets; factor tiers
required_quality_disclosure	record coverage, route and period representativeness, balance residuals, direct and shared attribution, provisional ranges, unresolved identities, factor sources and omissions
update_trigger	changed route or gate, revised animal/feed/manure records, allocation or period treatment change, new emissions method, or a newly verified compatible reference identity

Raw downloads

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Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 7

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`system_boundary_rule_1`	foreground_system_boundary	The default foreground boundary begins when breeding or replacement animals, feed and forage, and other managed inputs enter the declared cattle system. It includes managed reproduction where present; gestation, calving and calf rearing where present; grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed or feedlot growing and finishing; animal health; directly controlled inbound movements; drinking and service water; purchased and on-site energy; manure collection, storage, treatment or use under farm control; animal selection; live-weight measurement; and transfer at the producing farm gate.
`system_boundary_rule_2`	foreground_system_boundary	Post-transfer transport, slaughter, dressing, hide removal, meat processing, and downstream milk processing are outside the reference-product gate. Upstream feed, veterinary product, purchased animal, electricity, fuel and transport-service production are represented by linked supplier datasets unless controlled and explicitly included in the foreground package.
`b_managed_parent`	all route variants	Use one managed cattle-production parent and declare the grazing/pastoral, mixed, dairy-linked, housed or feedlot delta in process topology, inventory categories, calculation, validation and current records.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`b_handover`	reference output	End at live cattle weighed immediately before ownership or operational control transfer at the producing farm gate; exclude slaughterhouse receipt and post-transfer transport.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`b_periods`	breeding, gestation, calf, growing, finishing and culling phases	Index inputs, outputs, events, replacement and termination by phase and reporting period, and carry starting-stock burdens exactly once.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`b_manure`	manure	Include collection, storage, treatment and land use under farm control; record exported manure at its actual handover and link off-farm treatment without duplicating upstream manure burdens.	fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018, ipcc-2019-livestock-manure
`b_shared_assets`	housing, milking or feeding systems, pasture, water, energy and manure infrastructure	Name every cattle class, product node and service period consuming a shared asset; attribute the burden once using measured service before a fallback basis.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016

Allocation rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`a_output_hierarchy`	live cattle, milk, breeding stock, culled animals and exported manure	Partition directly measured product-specific records first. Enumerate each intended output and handover. If indivisible burdens remain, use an explicit PCR-specific physical causal relation; use economic allocation only when physical causality is not defensible, and disclose prices, period and sensitivity.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016, fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
`a_residue_status`	manure, mortalities and biological losses	Treat exported manure as a co-product only with intentional recovery and a documented transfer; treat mortalities and unusable manure as waste or loss. Do not convert a residue to a product merely to obtain a credit.	fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
`a_multi_period`	breeding stock, replacement animals, calves, growing and finishing phases	Index starting stock, births, purchases, sales, deaths, culls and ending stock by cohort-period. Attribute prior and current-period burdens once, reconcile stock change, and document replacement or termination treatment.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`a_shared_infrastructure`	shared housing, milking, feeding, pasture, water, energy and manure assets	Identify all consuming nodes and service periods; allocate measured service directly, then equipment hours, animal-days, live-mass-days or another documented causal driver. Fractions must sum to one and the shared burden must be counted once.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`a_route_separation`	coexisting grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed and feedlot variants	Keep route-specific feed, manure, infrastructure and emissions records separate. A portfolio average may be published only with production-weighted route shares and no duplicate animals or periods.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016

Validation rules · 12

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`v_reference_gate`	reference output	Reject a package unless 1 kg represents live Bos cattle weighed immediately before producing-farm ownership or control transfer with all required qualifiers; count alone is not acceptable.	reference-definition
`v_route_delta`	grazing, mixed, dairy-linked, housed and feedlot variants	Require the managed parent and current evidence for changed topology, feed, manure, infrastructure, calculation or validation; reject label-only variants and unexplained aggregation of mutually exclusive periods.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`v_output_status`	every product, residue and loss	Require one classification as intended output, residue or waste and one actual handover or fate; milk, breeding stock, culls and exported manure are not automatic co-products.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016, fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
`v_period_attribution`	all cohort phases and replacements	Require phase and period indexing, opening and ending stock, replacement and termination treatment, and no duplicate attribution of prior-period or starting-stock burdens.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`v_shared_infrastructure`	assets or services used by multiple nodes, products or periods	Require all consumers and service periods, one evidence-backed attribution decision, fractions summing to one, and no duplicate burden across milk, cattle, manure or other products.	fao-leap-large-ruminants-2016
`v_manure_and_emissions`	manure and direct emissions	Require animal category, manure pathway, VS and N basis, selected factor tier, climate or storage conditions, recovery and species-specific outputs; reject generic gas or nitrogen labels in final exchanges.	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure, fao-leap-nutrient-flows-2018
`v_flow_binding`	all final exchanges	Expand unresolved conditional flow identities from actual records and verify every concrete UUID, property and unit. Keep unresolved identities blank; do not bind raw milk, veterinary service, buffalo, goat, beef, count-only ox or another near match as the live-cattle mass reference.	reference-definition
`v_mass_balance`	herd, manure and gate records	Investigate animal, live-mass, manure and nitrogen balance residuals and disclose measurement uncertainty before secondary or background use.	mass-balance-identity
`v_foreground_emission_responsibility`	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
`v_feed_supply_intake_separation`	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
`v_manure_n2o_coverage`	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	ipcc-2019-livestock-manure, ipcc-managed-soils-2019
`v_gate_waste_quantity`	gate waste and live-weight reconciliation	Reject assigning live-weight deficit, live returns or retained animals to carcass waste or its treatment amount. Require actual carcass mass, fate and responsibility, investigate unexplained residuals and exclude duplicate prior-phase mortality or treatment.	mass-balance-identity

Processes and inputs/outputs · 3

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`herd_production`	Herd Production and Rearing	5	7
`manure_management`	Manure Collection, Storage, Treatment, and Use	3	2
`farm_gate_transfer`	Selection, Weighing, and Farm-gate Transfer	2	2

Complete field inspector

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Cattle

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Boundary Rules

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Herd Production and Rearing (herd_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Breeding, replacement, or purchased young cattle (starting_cattle_input)

Drinking and husbandry water (herd_water_input)

Alternating current (herd_energy_input_electricity)

Diesel fuel (herd_energy_input_diesel)

Controlled inbound cattle and feed transport (inbound_transport_input)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Live cattle intended output transferred to farm-gate selection (live_cattle_to_gate)

Raw cattle milk transferred as an independent product (raw_cattle_milk_coproduct)

Live breeding cattle transferred as an independent product (live_breeding_cattle_coproduct)

Live culled cattle transferred as an independent product (live_culled_cattle_coproduct)

Waste flows

Cattle mortalities and unusable biological losses (cattle_mortalities)

Manure transferred to management (manure_to_management)

Elementary flows

Enteric methane to air (enteric_methane_air)

Process: Manure Collection, Storage, Treatment, and Use (manure_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (manure_energy_input_electricity)

Manure-management water (manure_water_input)

Waste flows

Manure received from herd production (manure_received)

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Manure methane to air (manure_methane_air)

Direct and indirect nitrous oxide to air (manure_nitrous_oxide_air)

Process: Selection, Weighing, and Farm-gate Transfer (farm_gate_transfer)

Inputs

Product flows

Live cattle entering selection and weighing (live_cattle_gate_input)

Farm-gate handling water (gate_water_input)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Live cattle reference product (live_cattle_reference_output)

Waste flows

Dead cattle carcasses at the gate (gate_rejects_and_losses)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Other independently intended products

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Route-specific energy identification requirements

Data Collection Protocols

Calculation Rules

Data Quality Requirements

9. Validation Rules

10. Published Dataset Profile

Raw downloads

Structured rule index

Complete field inspector

On this page

Process: Herd Production and Rearing (`herd_production`)

Breeding, replacement, or purchased young cattle (`starting_cattle_input`)

Drinking and husbandry water (`herd_water_input`)

Alternating current (`herd_energy_input_electricity`)

Diesel fuel (`herd_energy_input_diesel`)

Controlled inbound cattle and feed transport (`inbound_transport_input`)

Live cattle intended output transferred to farm-gate selection (`live_cattle_to_gate`)

Raw cattle milk transferred as an independent product (`raw_cattle_milk_coproduct`)

Live breeding cattle transferred as an independent product (`live_breeding_cattle_coproduct`)

Live culled cattle transferred as an independent product (`live_culled_cattle_coproduct`)

Cattle mortalities and unusable biological losses (`cattle_mortalities`)

Manure transferred to management (`manure_to_management`)

Enteric methane to air (`enteric_methane_air`)

Process: Manure Collection, Storage, Treatment, and Use (`manure_management`)

Alternating current (`manure_energy_input_electricity`)

Manure-management water (`manure_water_input`)

Manure received from herd production (`manure_received`)

Manure methane to air (`manure_methane_air`)

Direct and indirect nitrous oxide to air (`manure_nitrous_oxide_air`)

Process: Selection, Weighing, and Farm-gate Transfer (`farm_gate_transfer`)

Live cattle entering selection and weighing (`live_cattle_gate_input`)

Farm-gate handling water (`gate_water_input`)

Live cattle reference product (`live_cattle_reference_output`)

Dead cattle carcasses at the gate (`gate_rejects_and_losses`)