Petroleum-derived finished lubricating oils

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground production of liquid, finished lubricating oils whose formulation contains at least 70% by mass petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous materials and that are delivered at the lubricant plant dispatch gate. It covers mineral-oil-based engine, gear, hydraulic, circulating, compressor, turbine, metalworking, and comparable industrial lubricating oils when their product family, formulation, performance grade, and packaging state are declared.

The common foreground route begins with saleable petroleum base oils, additive packages, and other formulation materials received at the lubricant plant; it includes metering, blending, heating or cooling where used, filtration, quality control, rework, filling or bulk loading, and management of direct wastes and emissions. Upstream crude extraction, refinery base-oil manufacture, additive manufacture, and packaging manufacture are represented by linked upstream datasets rather than silently absorbed into the foreground plant.

Lubricating greases, predominantly synthetic PAO or ester lubricants, biobased lubricants, non-petroleum lubricating preparations, used or waste oils, and base oils sold as unfinished intermediates are excluded. Distribution, use-phase performance or avoided-emission claims, maintenance, collection, re-refining, and end-of-life are outside this plant-gate foreground rule unless a separately documented downstream model is added.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.coke-oven-products-refined-petroleum-products-nuclear-fuel.lubricants
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 33380 Lubricants (narrower: this PCR is limited to liquid petroleum-derived finished lubricating oils)
covered_products	Liquid finished lubricating oils containing at least 70% by mass petroleum oils, including declared engine, gear, hydraulic, circulating, compressor, turbine, metalworking, and comparable industrial-oil families
excluded_products	Lubricating greases; predominantly synthetic, ester, silicone, or biobased lubricants; non-petroleum preparations; used or waste oils; unfinished base oils; fuels and solvents
representative_product	A market-ready petroleum-derived finished lubricating oil with declared product family, viscosity or performance grade, base-oil source, additive package, and packaging state
production_route	Receipt of petroleum base oils and additives; batch or continuous formulation and blending; conditional heating, cooling and filtration; quality control and rework; filling or bulk loading at plant
market_state	Liquid finished product at the lubricant manufacturing plant dispatch gate, either unpackaged bulk or in declared primary packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Market-ready liquid petroleum-derived finished lubricating oil at the plant dispatch gate
How much	1 kg net lubricating oil, excluding the mass of packaging
How well	Meets the declared product-family and performance specification and contains at least 70% by mass petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous materials
How long or cycle	One finished production batch represented within a documented representative production period; no use-phase service is included
reference_flow_link	Net saleable lubricant mass after quality control, excluding packaging, rework returned to the same batch system, and off-spec or waste material

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Lubricating oil 66628f20-9d33-4997-bd6c-6357453fa268
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product family and intended lubrication application; liquid state; petroleum-oil mass fraction; base-oil group and virgin or re-refined share; additive-package identity and mass fraction; viscosity or performance grade and governing specification; bulk or packaging format; production geography; production period

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product descriptions, or an equivalent data-package field. A generic classification code or trade name is not a substitute for these qualifiers.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	finished reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground amounts to 1 kg net conforming lubricating oil at dispatch; keep packaging mass separate.
volume_to_mass	lubricant or liquid inputs reported by volume	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert measured volume with density for the actual product or batch and measured temperature; record density, temperature, source, and conversion.
petroleum_fraction	formulation composition	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg/kg	Calculate petroleum-oil mass fraction from batch formulation records; it must be at least 0.70 for this PCR.
packaging_separation	primary and transport packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report packaging by material and mass per kg net lubricant; do not include it in the reference-product mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Saleable petroleum base oils, additive packages, cleaning materials, utilities, and packaging materials received at the lubricant plant gate, with supplier identity and incoming mass recorded
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing gate; upstream production burdens are supplied by linked provider datasets
product_classification_scope	Liquid petroleum-derived finished lubricating oils within CPC 3.0 33380; excludes grease and non-petroleum-majority formulations
recursive_input_rule	Re-refined base oil or other same-category oil entering the formulation is recorded as an input with its own upstream provider dataset and declared recycled share; do not recursively apply this finished-lubricant PCR to that input
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each material, energy carrier, electricity, steam, water, transport, and packaging input to a geographically and technologically representative provider dataset or disclose a reviewed proxy and its limitations
disclosure	Declare formulation family, petroleum and re-refined fractions, plant geography, production period, included operations, packaging format, allocation basis, upstream proxies, exclusions, and whether blending utilities are sub-metered or allocated

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_plant_gate	foreground lubricant manufacturing	Include unloading and storage under plant control, metering, blending, conditional heating or cooling, filtration, quality control, rework, filling or bulk loading, direct emissions, wastewater, and production waste through dispatch gate.	api-tr-1533-2023; us-epa-petroleum-refining-2005
boundary_upstream_links	received base oils, additives, utilities, and packaging	Represent upstream manufacture and inbound supply with linked provider datasets; do not treat received materials as burden-free.	api-tr-1533-2023
boundary_exclusions	distribution, use, and end-of-life	Exclude customer logistics, lubricant use, avoided emissions, used-oil collection, re-refining, and end-of-life from this foreground package unless separately modelled and disclosed.	api-tr-1533-2023
boundary_cutoff_disclosure	excluded material or energy flows	Do not exclude a flow solely because its mass is small; screen environmental significance, retain regulated or hazardous releases, and disclose every exclusion and its justification.	api-tr-1533-2023

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
formulation_blending	Formulation, blending, conditioning, and quality control	required	Always included	Foreground production of conforming bulk finished lubricating oil from received components	kg conforming blended oil transferred to dispatch
filling_dispatch	Filling, packaging or bulk loading, and dispatch	required	Always included; for bulk product record loading without primary packaging	Delivery of net conforming reference product at the plant dispatch gate	1 kg net finished lubricating oil

Process: Formulation, blending, conditioning, and quality control (formulation_blending)

Inputs

Product flows

Petroleum base oils and petroleum-derived blending components (petroleum_base_oils)

Record every base-oil stream entering the batch, including its supplier flow, API base-oil group where known, virgin or re-refined status, received mass, and batch assignment.

• Selected flow: Grade-specific petroleum base oil or petroleum-derived blending component selected for the actual formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered or weighed batch input mass attributable to conforming finished lubricant
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_batch_materials
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0
• Range: Petroleum-oil composition boundary
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0.70
  • Upper: 1.00
  • Unit: kg/kg finished lubricant
  • Basis: petroleum oils or oils from bituminous materials per kg formulation mass
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0

Additive package and formulation components (additive_package)

Record additive packages and individual formulation components by supplier identity and batch mass; confidential composition may be aggregated only if mass and upstream burden remain traceable.

• Selected flow: Supplier-specific additive package or formulation-component product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed or metered component mass charged to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_batch_materials
• Sources: api-tr-1533-2023
• Range: Non-petroleum formulation mass-balance screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.30
  • Unit: kg/kg finished lubricant
  • Basis: remaining formulation mass after the minimum petroleum-oil fraction
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Purchased electricity for blending and conditioning (blending_electricity)

Record sub-metered electricity where available; otherwise allocate a reconciled facility meter total to batches under the allocation rules.

• Selected flow: Geography- and voltage-specific purchased electricity provider
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: sub-metered or allocated electricity consumed by transfer, agitation, heating or cooling, filtration, and quality-control equipment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_utilities
• Sources: api-tr-1533-2023
• Range: Provisional broad screening range pending site records
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kWh/kg blended lubricant
  • Basis: electricity used in formulation and conditioning per kg conforming process output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal energy, fuel, or imported steam (blending_thermal_energy)

Record the actual energy carrier and quantity used for tank heating, component conditioning, line heating, or other thermal duties; omit the row only when records prove no thermal energy is used.

• Selected flow: Site-specific fuel, heat, or steam provider selected for the actual utility
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured energy or fuel consumption, or a documented calculation from meter readings and carrier properties
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_utilities
• Sources: api-tr-1533-2023
• Range: Provisional broad screening range pending site records
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: MJ/kg blended lubricant
  • Basis: delivered thermal energy per kg conforming process output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process and cleaning water (process_water)

Record water used in product-contact operations, cleaning, cooling makeup, and other attributable production uses; do not add closed-loop circulation repeatedly.

• Selected flow: Site-specific water supply flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured withdrawal or allocated attributable water use less separately recorded non-production demand
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_utilities
• Range: Provisional broad screening range pending site records
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg blended lubricant
  • Basis: attributable water withdrawal per kg conforming process output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming bulk blended lubricating oil (blended_lubricant)

Record the mass transferred after formulation, conditioning, filtration, and quality release to filling or bulk loading.

• Selected flow: Conforming unpackaged lubricating oil intermediate for the declared product family
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: released tank or batch mass transferred to dispatch operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output before filling losses and packaging
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_outputs_wastes

Waste flows

Unrecoverable oily residues, filters, and cleaning waste (unrecoverable_oily_waste)

Record oil-bearing residues that leave the foreground system for treatment; material returned as controlled rework to the same product system is not waste.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste-oil, oily-solid, spent-filter, or cleaning-waste flow selected by actual waste identity
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed shipment or inventory change reconciled to waste manifests and batch records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_outputs_wastes
• Range: Provisional broad loss screen pending site records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg/kg blended lubricant
  • Basis: unrecoverable production waste per kg conforming process output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process wastewater sent to treatment (process_wastewater)

Record wastewater leaving the process boundary after cleaning or other production operations and identify onsite or offsite treatment.

• Selected flow: Site-specific wastewater flow distinguished by treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered discharge or documented water balance attributable to lubricant production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_outputs_wastes
• Range: Provisional broad discharge screen pending site records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg blended lubricant
  • Basis: process wastewater sent to treatment per kg conforming process output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct air, water, or soil releases from blending operations (direct_process_emissions)

Record measured, calculated, or permit-reported releases such as volatile organic compounds only when they cross the environment boundary; do not duplicate emissions already embedded in energy or upstream provider datasets.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific TianGong elementary flow selected for each reported release
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or regulated calculation for each substance attributable to the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming blended lubricating oil transferred to dispatch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions

Process: Filling, packaging or bulk loading, and dispatch (filling_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Conforming bulk blended lubricating oil received from blending (blended_lubricant_input)

Record the measured mass entering filling or bulk-loading operations and reconcile it to the blending output.

• Selected flow: Conforming unpackaged lubricating oil intermediate for the declared product family
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: transfer-meter or tank-inventory mass entering dispatch operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished lubricating oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_materials

Primary, secondary, and transport packaging (packaging_materials)

Record packaging by material, recycled content where known, units used, tare mass, reuse cycles, and losses; record zero primary packaging for bulk product rather than inventing a package.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging product flow for each actual packaging component
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased or issued packaging mass attributable to net finished lubricant, adjusted for reusable-container cycles
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished lubricating oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_materials
• Sources: api-tr-1533-2023
• Range: Provisional broad packaging screen pending actual format records
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg packaging/kg net lubricant
  • Basis: all packaging material issued per kg net reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity for filling and dispatch (filling_electricity)

Record electricity for pumps, filling lines, labelling, conveyors, and attributable dispatch equipment.

• Selected flow: Geography- and voltage-specific purchased electricity provider
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: sub-metered or allocated electricity consumed by dispatch operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished lubricating oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_utilities
• Range: Provisional broad screening range pending site records
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh/kg net lubricant
  • Basis: dispatch electricity per kg net reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Net market-ready petroleum-derived finished lubricating oil (reference_lubricating_oil)

This is the quantitative reference output after quality release and filling or bulk loading; packaging is modelled separately.

• Selected flow: Lubricating oil 66628f20-9d33-4997-bd6c-6357453fa268
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net conforming lubricating oil
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net finished lubricating oil at dispatch gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Packaging rejects and filling losses sent to treatment (dispatch_waste)

Record rejected packaging and lubricant-contaminated material that is not returned as rework.

• Selected flow: Material- and treatment-specific waste flow selected for each actual waste stream
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed or counted waste converted to mass and reconciled to packaging and lubricant issue records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished lubricating oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_outputs_wastes
• Range: Provisional broad dispatch-waste screen pending site records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg/kg net lubricant
  • Basis: packaging and unrecovered filling waste per kg reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct releases from filling and loading (dispatch_emissions)

Record substance- and compartment-specific releases from filling or bulk loading when measured or required by a permit; do not duplicate upstream or blending emissions.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific TianGong elementary flow selected for each reported release
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or regulated calculation attributable to dispatch operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished lubricating oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	batch materials, utilities, wastes, and emissions	Avoid allocation by separate batch records, sub-metering, tank reconciliation, or subdivision of independently measured operations wherever practical.	api-tr-1533-2023
allocation_shared_utilities	shared electricity, heat, steam, water, and site services	When product routes have similar utility intensity, allocate reconciled shared utilities by net mass of conforming output; when intensity differs materially, use sub-metering or a documented causal engineering basis and disclose the result.	api-tr-1533-2023
allocation_rework	in-system rework	Return controlled same-product rework to the batch mass balance without assigning a second upstream burden; material leaving the product system is recorded as product, waste, or emission according to its actual fate.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_upstream_coproducts	base oils and additive provider datasets	Use the provider dataset's reviewed co-product allocation; do not reallocate upstream refinery or chemical burdens inside the lubricant blending foreground. If a provider method is unknown, disclose the limitation.	api-tr-1533-2023
allocation_no_unverified_credit	waste and recovered material	Do not assign avoided-burden or recycling credits in this foreground process without an explicit downstream system model and consistent allocation method.	api-tr-1533-2023

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_batch_materials	formulation_blending	base oils, additives, and formulation materials	batch recipe, weigh ticket, transfer meter, tank inventory	batch_id; product_code; supplier_flow; material_role; base_oil_group; virgin_or_rerefined; opening_mass; received_mass; charged_mass; closing_mass; unit; density; temperature	reconcile recipe, weigh/flow records, and tank inventory for each batch	kg; L with density conversion	each batch	representative period covering at least 12 consecutive months	all production lines and tanks serving the declared product	sum attributable material by product and divide by conforming blended output; reconcile inventory change	calibrated scale or meter record, recipe authorization, supplier specification, tank reconciliation
cp_blending_utilities	formulation_blending	electricity, heat, steam, fuel, and water	utility meter, invoice, equipment log	meter_id; carrier; opening_reading; closing_reading; unit; line_or_area; operating_hours; batch_ids; allocation_basis	use sub-metering first; otherwise reconcile site totals and apply the approved allocation rule	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	monthly and by batch where metered	same representative 12-month period	blending, heating, cooling, filtration, laboratory, and attributable support equipment	subtract non-production demand, allocate only the reconciled remainder, and normalize to conforming output	meter calibration, invoices, fuel analysis, allocation worksheet, reconciliation sign-off
cp_blending_outputs_wastes	formulation_blending	released product, rework, oily waste, filters, and wastewater	tank transfer, production report, waste manifest, wastewater meter	batch_id; released_mass; rework_returned; waste_stream; waste_mass; wastewater_volume_or_mass; treatment_route; opening_inventory; closing_inventory	reconcile released product and all non-product outputs to material inputs	kg; m3 with density conversion	each batch and each waste shipment	same representative 12-month period	all included blending operations	aggregate by product family and treatment route; keep rework inside the balance and waste outside it	signed release record, manifest, wastewater log, inventory reconciliation
cp_direct_emissions	formulation_blending; filling_dispatch	direct elementary releases	stack or fugitive measurement, permit report, emission calculation	substance; compartment; measurement_method; activity_data; factor; measured_amount; uncertainty; reporting_period; process_area	use measured releases where available; otherwise use the regulated calculation method and retain inputs	kg substance	measurement or permit-report frequency	same representative 12-month period	all included emission points and process areas	sum by substance and compartment without duplicating provider-dataset emissions	laboratory report, calibrated instrument, permit submission, calculation workbook
cp_filling_materials	filling_dispatch	bulk lubricant transfer and packaging	filling meter, tank inventory, bill of materials, purchase and issue record	product_code; package_type; material; unit_count; tare_mass; recycled_content; reuse_cycles; lubricant_in; lubricant_out; rejected_units	reconcile lubricant transfer and issued packaging to saleable dispatched mass	kg; item count converted to kg	each batch or dispatch lot	same representative 12-month period	all filling lines and bulk-loading points for the product	aggregate packaging by material and divide by net dispatched lubricant; report bulk packaging as zero	calibrated filler, tare test, packaging specification, issue record, dispatch record
cp_filling_utilities	filling_dispatch	dispatch electricity and fuel	utility meter, equipment log, fuel record	meter_id; carrier; readings; operating_hours; line; product_lots; allocation_basis	sub-meter or allocate reconciled dispatch-area utility use	kWh; MJ	monthly and by lot where metered	same representative 12-month period	filling, labelling, conveying, and bulk loading	allocate by a documented causal basis or net output mass when intensities are similar	meter record, invoice, allocation worksheet, supervisor approval
cp_filling_outputs_wastes	filling_dispatch	saleable product, filling loss, and packaging reject	dispatch record, line reconciliation, waste manifest	lot_id; lubricant_in; net_product_out; package_issue; package_reject; lubricant_loss; rework_return; waste_mass; treatment_route	reconcile each lot and retain traceability to waste fate	kg; item count converted to kg	each dispatch lot and waste shipment	same representative 12-month period	all included filling and loading operations	sum saleable output and non-product outputs; do not count returned rework as waste	signed dispatch record, line balance, weigh ticket, manifest

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalized_amount	every foreground inventory row	normalized amount = attributable amount in the representative period / net kg conforming reference product dispatched in that period	attributable row amount; net dispatched lubricant mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	mass-balance-identity
calc_volume_to_mass	volume-based liquid records	mass = measured volume × density at the recorded temperature; do not use a generic density when product-specific density is available	volume; density; measurement temperature	kg material	api-tr-1533-2023
calc_petroleum_fraction	formulation identity	petroleum fraction = mass of petroleum oils and oils from bituminous materials / total net lubricant formulation mass; result must be at least 0.70	batch formulation masses and material identities	kg petroleum oil/kg formulation	unsd-cpc-3-0; mass-balance-identity
calc_process_mass_balance	each process and batch family	residual = total mass inputs - net product outputs - recorded rework transfers - waste outputs - measured elementary mass releases - closing inventory increase + opening inventory decrease; investigate and disclose residual	material, product, waste, emission, and inventory records	mass-balance residual and closure statement	mass-balance-identity
calc_packaging_intensity	packaged product	packaging intensity by material = packaging material issued less verified reusable returns and rejects / net kg lubricant dispatched	packaging issue, return, reject, tare, and dispatch records	kg packaging material/kg net lubricant	api-tr-1533-2023

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and formulation	Preserve product code, family, application, performance or viscosity grade, liquid state, petroleum fraction, base-oil group, re-refined share, additive package, and packaging format.	approved formulation, product specification, certificate of analysis, batch release
dq_temporal	all foreground records	Use one representative period covering at least 12 consecutive months; identify shutdowns, abnormal campaigns, and substitutions.	dated records, production calendar, exception log
dq_measurement	mass, volume, utilities, and emissions	Use calibrated instruments or controlled invoices; document density and temperature for volume conversion and retain calculation inputs.	calibration certificate, invoice, laboratory report, conversion worksheet
dq_completeness	foreground boundary	Reconcile all included lines, tanks, filling points, wastes, and direct releases; disclose omitted operations and quantify the potential significance where possible.	site map, meter map, mass and utility balances, exclusion register
dq_representativeness	upstream providers and proxies	Match technology, geography, time, base-oil route, and packaging material; document every proxy and why a more representative provider was unavailable.	provider metadata, proxy assessment, source review
dq_confidentiality	confidential formulations	Aggregation may protect trade secrets, but must preserve total mass, petroleum fraction, upstream burdens, additive-package traceability, and validation evidence.	controlled confidential annex and public aggregation statement

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_identity_scope	product identity	Fail if the product is not a liquid finished lubricating oil, if petroleum-oil fraction is below 0.70 or unsupported, or if required qualifiers are missing.	unsd-cpc-3-0
validate_reference_flow	quantitative reference	Require exactly 1 kg net conforming Lubricating oil 66628f20-9d33-4997-bd6c-6357453fa268 with Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; packaging must be separate.	mass-balance-identity
validate_process_coverage	process inventory	Require both formulation_blending and filling_dispatch, including bulk loading when no primary packaging is used; fail if a plant-controlled material, utility, waste, or direct release is silently omitted.	api-tr-1533-2023
validate_mass_balance	formulation and dispatch	Require documented process mass-balance closure, investigation of residuals against the site's approved tolerance, and disclosure of remaining residual; rework must not be double counted as product and waste.	mass-balance-identity
validate_allocation	shared operations	Require sub-metering, mass allocation for similar-intensity routes, or a documented causal basis for materially different routes; disclose the selected basis and affected flows.	api-tr-1533-2023
validate_temporal_completeness	foreground data period	Require at least 12 consecutive months of representative foreground records or a justified shorter campaign that covers the complete production campaign and its inventory changes.	api-tr-1533-2023
validate_upstream_links	material and energy inputs	Require a provider dataset or reviewed proxy for every non-trivial input and disclose technology, geography, time, and allocation limitations.	api-tr-1533-2023
validate_no_double_count	utilities, packaging, emissions, and rework	Fail when a quantity is counted in more than one process, embedded provider emissions are repeated as direct emissions, reusable packaging is counted on every cycle without adjustment, or rework receives a second production burden.	mass-balance-identity
validate_reasoned_ranges	provisional ranges	Treat every reasoned_estimate range as a screening aid only; it cannot replace foreground records and must be disclosed and replaced before publication-critical use.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing dataset for petroleum-derived finished lubricating oil at the lubricant plant dispatch gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product- and site-qualified process LCI, cradle-to-gate models with linked upstream providers, supplier footprints, and comparison only between datasets with aligned formulation scope, boundary, allocation, period, packaging treatment, and data quality
excluded_use	Lubricating grease or non-petroleum formulations; generic use-phase performance; avoided-emission claims; cradle-to-grave claims; combustion or fuel substitution; unqualified comparison across product families or performance grades
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; product family and application; liquid state; petroleum fraction; base-oil group and re-refined share; additive package; viscosity or performance grade and specification; plant geography; production period; bulk or packaging format; boundary; allocation; provider datasets; proxy list
required_quality_disclosure	foreground coverage and calibration; mass-balance residual; utility allocation; formulation confidentiality treatment; temporal, geographic, and technological representativeness; upstream proxy limitations; reasoned estimates; exclusions and cut-off decisions
update_trigger	Material formulation, base-oil route or re-refined share change; product-family or performance-specification change; plant or technology change; packaging change; allocation change; provider replacement; production period rollover; new evidence that invalidates a provisional range or boundary rule

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, CPC 33380 Lubricants, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/cpc (retrieved 2026-08-09)	classification boundary and minimum petroleum-oil share inherited from CPC group context
environdec-pcr-2025-06	standard	International EPD System, PCR 2025:06 Lubricating products, version 1.0.3, https://www.environdec.com/pcr-library/pcr_c41f1c3a-ce16-4e42-470c-08dcb7aea32c (retrieved 2026-08-09)	confirmation that a material PCR category exists for CPC 3338 lubricants; category-level scope context
api-tr-1533-2023	official_guidance	American Petroleum Institute, API Technical Report 1533, Lubricants Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprinting—Methodology and Best Practice, First Edition, May 2023, https://www.api.org/-/media/files/certification/engine-oil-diesel/publications/api%20tr%201533.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	declared mass unit, life-cycle boundary, allocation hierarchy, lubricant blending inventory, packaging, collection period, data hierarchy, and data quality
us-epa-petroleum-refining-2005	official_guidance	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Appendix A—Overview of Petroleum Refining, November 2005, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/AppendixA_Overview_of_Petroleum_Ref.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	petroleum lubricant refining and blending process decomposition and distinction between oils and greases
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied to each declared batch and process boundary	normalization, formulation composition, rework treatment, and process mass-balance validation