Naphtha

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to refinery-gate production of naphtha as a saleable petroleum fraction or petrochemical feedstock. It covers light, heavy, and full-range naphtha whose declared product specification falls within CPC 3.0 subclass 33330: light or medium oils distilling between 30 °C and 210 °C that do not meet motor-gasoline specifications. The producer shall declare the actual distillation range, grade, treatment route, key contractual quality properties, and custody-transfer point; the CPC interval is a category boundary, not a substitute for the producer's specification.

The foreground starts with crude oil or unfinished refinery feed received at the refinery boundary and includes the separation, conditional treatment, storage, blending when used only to meet the declared naphtha specification, and loading activities attributable to the reference product. Upstream crude production and transport, purchased energy, hydrogen, water, and chemicals are linked through upstream datasets. Downstream steam cracking, catalytic reforming, aromatics production, gasoline blending, distribution after the refinery gate, and combustion or other use are excluded.

This PCR does not cover motor gasoline, gasoline-type or kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, white spirit or special-boiling-point industrial spirits, natural-gas liquids sold as distinct products, pyrolysis gasoline, or downstream petrochemicals. A petroleum stream outside the declared 30–210 °C category boundary, or one meeting the applicable motor-gasoline specification, requires another PCR or explicit manual review.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.coke-oven-products-refined-petroleum-products-nuclear-fuel.naphtha
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 33330 Naphtha (exact)
covered_products	Refinery naphtha sold as light, heavy, or full-range naphtha; straight-run, cracked, hydrotreated, sweetened, or blended naphtha when the final stream remains within the declared naphtha category boundary.
excluded_products	Motor gasoline; aviation gasoline; gasoline-type and kerosene-type jet fuels; kerosene; white spirit and special-boiling-point spirits; separately marketed natural-gas liquids; pyrolysis gasoline; benzene, toluene, xylenes, olefins, and other downstream conversion products.
representative_product	Saleable naphtha at the refinery loading or custody-transfer point.
production_route	Crude or unfinished refinery feed receipt, separation by refinery fractionation, conditional stabilization or hydrotreating/sweetening, specification blending, storage, and loading.
market_state	Liquid petroleum fraction at the refinery gate, with grade, treatment status, distillation range, and contractual quality specification declared.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of refinery-gate naphtha as a petroleum fraction or petrochemical feedstock.
How much	1,000 kg net saleable naphtha.
How well	Meets the declared buyer, refinery, or regulatory specification; remains within the CPC 33330 category boundary; and has its actual distillation range, grade, treatment status, and key quality properties disclosed.
How long or cycle	One representative production campaign or reporting period, with opening and closing inventory reconciled.
reference_flow_link	Net mass of conforming naphtha transferred at the declared refinery-gate custody-transfer point.

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Naphtha 91cc5451-cf5d-48c7-9dcc-b054eda6fbb0
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	actual initial and final boiling points or declared distillation range; light, heavy, or full-range grade; straight-run, cracked, hydrotreated, sweetened, or blended route; sulfur and benzene or other contractual composition limits; water and sediment basis where specified; refinery technology and feed slate; geography; reference year; allocation method; custody-transfer point; density and reference temperature when volume-to-mass conversion is used

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and all refinery material-balance streams	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report the reference product as net mass. Reconcile gross meter readings for opening and closing tank inventory, returns, off-spec diversion, and internal recycle before normalizing to 1,000 kg.
volume_to_mass	any liquid stream initially metered by volume	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert volume to mass using a measured or specification-supported density for the same stream and declared reference temperature; retain the raw volume, density, temperature, and conversion equation.
energy_carriers	purchased electricity, steam, fuel, and recovered refinery energy	Energy	MJ or kWh, as recorded	Preserve the original carrier and unit. Convert only with a documented factor, avoid double counting recovered energy, and identify whether refinery fuel gas is an internal co-product or a purchased input.
water_balance	process, cooling, boiler-feed, and wastewater streams	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Keep water withdrawals, recirculation, evaporation, and discharge distinct. Do not report gross circulating cooling water as net withdrawal.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_refinery_gate	foreground naphtha production	Include refinery activities from receipt of crude oil or unfinished refinery feed through separation, applicable product treatment, storage, specification blending, and loading at the declared refinery-gate custody-transfer point.	us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; us-epa-refinery-effluent-guidelines
boundary_upstream_links	purchased and imported inputs	Link crude production and transport, imported refinery intermediates, purchased naphtha, electricity, fuels, steam, hydrogen, water, and chemicals to representative upstream datasets; do not silently absorb them into an unqualified refinery average.	eu-pef-2021
boundary_direct_releases	controlled and fugitive refinery releases	Include direct combustion and process emissions, vents, flares, equipment leaks, storage and loading losses, wastewater releases, and treatment wastes attributable to the included processes.	us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-refinery-bat-2014
boundary_exclusions	downstream conversion and use	Exclude downstream steam cracking, catalytic reforming, aromatics or olefins production, gasoline blending beyond the declared naphtha specification, distribution after the refinery gate, and product use or combustion.	us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; unsd-cpc-3-2025
boundary_cutoff_disclosure	omitted flows	Quantify all environmentally relevant material, energy, waste, and elementary flows. Any justified exclusion shall be disclosed with its basis and a sensitivity or materiality check; legal or permit-reportable releases shall not be cut off.	eu-pef-2021; eu-refinery-bat-2014

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Crude oil and any unfinished refinery feed are received at the refinery boundary with feed identity, origin, quantity, and quality basis recorded.
starting_condition_role	Foreground refinery entry condition.
product_classification_scope	Naphtha under CPC 3.0 subclass 33330, limited to the declared qualifying petroleum fraction and excluding separately classified finished fuels, solvents, and downstream chemicals.
recursive_input_rule	Purchased or internally transferred naphtha that enters an included process is recorded as a distinct product input with its own upstream dataset or documented internal transfer; do not recursively recreate its upstream naphtha production inside the same process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use representative datasets for crude production and transport, imported unfinished feed, purchased hydrogen, electricity, steam, fuels, water, chemicals, and externally supplied naphtha.
disclosure	Declare feed slate, route and treatment status, included units, shared utilities, allocation method and factors, tank and loading boundary, geography, period, data gaps, and every excluded refinery activity.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
refinery_separation	Refinery feed preparation and naphtha separation	required	Always included for refinery-produced naphtha; imported naphtha shall instead enter as a disclosed upstream product input.	Foreground crude or unfinished-feed preparation and fractionation. Tiangong process identity: e6baedfb-bafc-454a-a24e-751ebf3eea4d.	Net separated naphtha transferred to treatment or storage, normalized to the final 1,000 kg reference product.
naphtha_treatment	Naphtha stabilization and treatment	conditional	Include when stabilization, hydrotreating, sweetening, fraction adjustment, or specification blending is performed before sale.	Foreground product conditioning and impurity removal.	Net conforming naphtha leaving treatment, normalized to the final 1,000 kg reference product.
storage_and_loading	Naphtha storage, blending, and refinery-gate loading	required	Include tanks, circulation, specification blending, and the loading mode used at the declared custody-transfer point.	Foreground final handling and dispatch.	1,000 kg net conforming naphtha dispatched.

Process: Refinery feed preparation and naphtha separation (refinery_separation)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude oil and unfinished refinery feed (refinery_feed)

Record every crude or unfinished petroleum feed entering the included separation units. Keep different feed grades or imported intermediates separate when their upstream burdens or qualities differ materially.

• Selected flow: Route-specific crude oil or unfinished refinery feed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net feed charged to the included units after inventory reconciliation.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refinery_mass_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015

Separation energy and utilities (separation_energy)

Record metered electricity, steam, process heat, fuel gas, and other energy carriers consumed by feed preparation and fractionation. Recovered heat and internal fuel shall remain visible to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Carrier-specific electricity, steam, process heat, and fuels
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ or kWh as recorded
• Amount rule: Metered or engineering-accounted carrier consumption attributable to the included units.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015

Separation water and process chemicals (separation_water_chemicals)

Record net process and boiler-feed water, desalting chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, and other purchased chemicals that cross the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Carrier- or substance-specific water and process chemicals
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: Purchased or net-withdrawn quantity attributable to the included units, excluding internal recirculation.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_and_water_records
• Sources: eu-refinery-bat-2014

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Separated naphtha intermediate (separated_naphtha)

Record the net naphtha cut transferred from separation to treatment or storage. The concrete data package shall declare grade and distillation range rather than treating all side cuts as interchangeable.

• Selected flow: Naphtha 91cc5451-cf5d-48c7-9dcc-b054eda6fbb0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net measured transfer mass, reconciled for internal recycle and tank inventory change.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refinery_mass_balance
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025

Other refinery fractions and co-products (separation_coproducts)

Record every co-produced petroleum fraction, refinery gas, water stream reused as a product, or saleable material leaving the separated unit. These quantities define the multifunctional process and allocation factors.

• Selected flow: Product-specific refinery co-product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass or energy, matching the product / kg or MJ
• Amount rule: Measured net co-product output by product grade and destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reporting-period throughput before allocation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refinery_mass_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-pef-2021

Waste flows

Separation sludges and discarded residues (separation_waste)

Record desalting sludge, tank or separator residues, spent filters, and other wastes generated by the included feed preparation and separation units, by destination and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Waste-specific Tiangong waste flow selected for the documented waste and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed quantity or mass-balance estimate supported by disposal and treatment records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-refinery-bat-2014

Elementary flows

Separation air emissions (separation_air_emissions)

Report direct combustion and process emissions, flares, vents, and equipment leaks by monitored or calculated substance. Select individual Tiangong elementary flows for each reported substance; do not use one unspecified aggregate emission.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific elementary flows to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or permit-consistent calculated emissions for the included units, including allocated shared sources.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-refinery-bat-2014

Separation water emissions (separation_water_emissions)

Report direct releases to water after treatment by substance and receiving compartment. Wastewater sent to another foreground treatment unit remains an internal transfer until final discharge.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific elementary flows to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured discharge concentration multiplied by represented discharge volume, corrected for internal recycle and linked to the same period.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_releases
• Sources: us-epa-refinery-effluent-guidelines; eu-refinery-bat-2014

Process: Naphtha stabilization and treatment (naphtha_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Naphtha entering treatment (naphtha_to_treatment)

Record the actual naphtha stream entering stabilization, hydrotreating, sweetening, fraction adjustment, or specification blending.

• Selected flow: Naphtha 91cc5451-cf5d-48c7-9dcc-b054eda6fbb0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net measured input mass after inventory and recycle reconciliation.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_mass_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015

Hydrogen, chemicals, and treatment utilities (treatment_inputs)

Record hydrogen, caustic or other treatment chemicals, electricity, steam, fuel, and water separately by carrier or substance. Record only inputs for the treatment actually performed.

• Selected flow: Carrier- or substance-specific treatment input flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass, energy, or volume / kg, MJ, kWh, or m3
• Amount rule: Metered or purchased quantity attributable to the treatment unit and reporting period.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_inputs
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-refinery-bat-2014

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Treated conforming naphtha (treated_naphtha)

Record the net conforming naphtha leaving treatment. The same product flow is used only when the output remains within the declared naphtha category; downstream gasoline or chemical products require other product flows.

• Selected flow: Naphtha 91cc5451-cf5d-48c7-9dcc-b054eda6fbb0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net measured conforming output after off-spec diversion, recycle, and inventory change.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_mass_balance
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025

Treatment co-products and recovered streams (treatment_coproducts)

Record recovered refinery gas, sulfur, reusable hydrocarbon streams, and other products by identity and destination. Do not net them against energy or material inputs.

• Selected flow: Product-specific recovered or co-product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass or energy / kg or MJ
• Amount rule: Measured net output by stream and destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reporting-period treatment throughput before allocation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_mass_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-refinery-bat-2014

Waste flows

Spent treatment materials (spent_treatment_materials)

Record spent catalysts, spent caustic, filters, sludges, and other treatment wastes by composition and management route.

• Selected flow: Waste-specific Tiangong flow selected for the documented material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed replacement or disposal quantity assigned to the represented operating period.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-refinery-bat-2014

Elementary flows

Treatment air and water releases (treatment_releases)

Report combustion emissions, process off-gases, fugitive leaks, and final water releases by substance and compartment. Acid gas, sour water, and off-gas sent to another included unit remain internal transfers until their final treatment or release.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or permit-consistent calculated releases attributable to the included treatment route.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-refinery-bat-2014

Process: Naphtha storage, blending, and refinery-gate loading (storage_and_loading)

Inputs

Product flows

Naphtha received into final handling (naphtha_to_storage)

Record conforming or blend-component naphtha entering the final tank and loading system, with internal transfers and recirculation identified.

• Selected flow: Naphtha 91cc5451-cf5d-48c7-9dcc-b054eda6fbb0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net measured receipt mass after opening and closing inventory reconciliation.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_dispatch
• Sources: eu-refinery-bat-2014

Handling energy and ancillary materials (handling_inputs)

Record electricity or fuel for pumps and vapor controls, blanketing gas, and other ancillary materials consumed in final storage and loading.

• Selected flow: Carrier- or substance-specific handling input flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass or energy / kg, MJ, or kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or purchased quantity attributable to naphtha storage and loading.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-refinery-bat-2014

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Dispatched reference naphtha (reference_naphtha)

This is the reference product transferred at the declared refinery-gate custody point. Off-spec material and internal returns are excluded from net saleable output.

• Selected flow: Naphtha 91cc5451-cf5d-48c7-9dcc-b054eda6fbb0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Normalize the reconciled net custody-transfer mass of conforming naphtha to exactly 1,000 kg.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_dispatch
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025

Waste flows

Tank bottoms, off-spec disposal, and loading wastes (handling_waste)

Record tank bottoms, contaminated absorbents, unrecovered off-spec material, and other handling wastes by destination. Reworked or internally recycled material is an internal transfer, not waste.

• Selected flow: Waste-specific Tiangong flow selected for the documented waste and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed disposal quantity or inventory-supported mass balance for the represented period.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-refinery-bat-2014

Elementary flows

Storage and loading releases to air (handling_air_emissions)

Report working and breathing losses, loading displacement vapors, equipment leaks, and vapor-control residual emissions by substance. Keep recovered vapors as internal product transfers.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific elementary flows to air, including reported NMVOC and benzene where applicable
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured vapor-control outlet emissions or permit-consistent calculation using actual throughput, vapor properties, loading method, capture efficiency, control efficiency, and downtime.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable naphtha at the refinery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_voc
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-petroleum-liquids-2008; eu-refinery-bat-2014

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	refinery units and directly metered streams	Avoid allocation by subdividing unit operations and assigning directly measured feed, energy, materials, wastes, and releases to the process and product that cause them.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_physical_relationship	inseparable multifunctional refinery operations	When subdivision or justified system expansion is not possible, use a documented, quantifiable physical relationship that reflects how shared inputs and releases relate to the co-product functions; do not select mass or energy content merely because it is convenient.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_other_relationship	operations with no defensible physical relationship	If another relationship such as economic allocation is used, document why subdivision, system expansion, and physical allocation were rejected; use prices at the co-production stage and test sensitivity to the allocation basis and price period.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_internal_energy	refinery gas, recovered heat, steam, hydrogen, and internal recycle	Keep recovered energy and internal transfers visible. Assign shared utility burdens consistently with the chosen allocation method and prevent credits or avoided burdens from being counted twice.	eu-pef-2021; us-epa-ap42-refining-2015

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_refinery_mass_balance	refinery_separation	refinery feed, separated naphtha, and co-products	custody meters, tank gauges, laboratory release records, and production ledger	stream_id; grade; opening_inventory; receipts; transfers; recycle; closing_inventory; saleable_output; meter_unit; density; reference_temperature	Calibrated mass meter or reconciled volume meter plus density, matched to tank and production records.	kg; source units retained	Per batch or shift; reconciled monthly	At least one representative 12-month period or every campaign for campaign production	All included separation units and connected tanks	Reconcile feed and outputs over a common period; investigate unexplained imbalance; normalize only after allocation.	calibration records; tank reconciliation; laboratory release certificate; signed production ledger
cp_treatment_mass_balance	naphtha_treatment	naphtha input, conforming output, recycle, off-spec, and co-products	unit meters, tank gauges, laboratory records, and operating log	stream_id; input_mass; output_mass; recycle_mass; offspec_mass; inventory_change; treatment_route; quality_result	Calibrated meters with batch or period mass-balance reconciliation.	kg	Per batch or shift; reconciled monthly	Same period as represented treatment campaign	Every included treatment unit	Reconcile all hydrocarbon inputs and outputs; retain off-spec and recycle separately.	meter calibration; laboratory analysis; operating log; reconciliation approval
cp_treatment_inputs	naphtha_treatment	hydrogen, treatment chemicals, water, and treatment utilities	flow meters, utility meters, issue records, purchase records, and stock ledger	input_id; quantity; concentration; meter_start; meter_end; opening_stock; receipts; issues; closing_stock; unit	Direct metering by carrier or substance preferred; otherwise reconcile purchases, issues, and stock change for the represented treatment unit.	kg; m3; kWh; MJ; source units retained	Continuous or per issue; reconciled monthly	Same period as represented treatment campaign	Every included treatment unit and its dedicated input storage	Calculate net consumption separately by carrier or substance; keep recovered or returned material distinct and apply shared-utility allocation only after the site balance.	meter calibration; invoice; issue record; stocktake; utility balance; allocation record
cp_storage_dispatch	storage_and_loading	naphtha receipts, tank inventory, blend transfers, and dispatch	tank gauges, custody-transfer meter, bill of lading, and release certificate	tank_id; opening_inventory; receipts; blend_transfers; returns; closing_inventory; dispatch_mass; grade; destination; custody_point	Custody-transfer mass meter or volume meter with stream-specific density and reference temperature.	kg; L or m3 with conversion evidence	Each transfer; reconciled monthly	Same reporting period as production	All final product tanks and loading systems	Net dispatch equals measured dispatch less returns, with inventory and internal transfers reconciled.	meter proving; gauge records; bill of lading; quality release certificate
cp_energy_records	refinery_separation; naphtha_treatment; storage_and_loading	electricity, steam, heat, fuel, and recovered energy	utility meters, fuel ledger, and engineering allocation record	carrier; meter_start; meter_end; heating_value; import; export; recovered_energy; unit; allocation_driver	Direct submetering preferred; otherwise documented engineering allocation from a complete site utility balance.	kWh; MJ; kg steam; source units retained	Continuous or shift readings; monthly reconciliation	Same period as represented production	Included units and shared utilities	Net each carrier separately; allocate shared utilities after site balance; do not net different carriers.	meter calibration; invoice; utility balance; allocation workbook
cp_material_and_water_records	refinery_separation; naphtha_treatment	water, hydrogen, catalysts, caustic, and treatment chemicals	purchase, issue, meter, and inventory records	material_id; quantity; concentration; opening_stock; receipts; issues; closing_stock; recycle; unit	Metered use or stock-change reconciliation by substance and concentration.	kg; m3; source units retained	Per issue or continuous meter; monthly reconciliation	Same period as represented production	Included units and storage	Net consumption equals opening stock plus receipts minus closing stock minus documented transfers or returns.	invoice; meter calibration; stocktake; specification or certificate of analysis
cp_direct_emissions	refinery_separation; naphtha_treatment	combustion, process, vent, flare, and fugitive emissions	continuous monitoring, stack tests, leak surveys, flare and activity records, and permit calculations	source_id; pollutant; measured_concentration; flow_rate; duration; activity; factor; control_efficiency; downtime; method	Use applicable direct measurement first; otherwise a documented regulatory or engineering method with current site activity data.	kg pollutant; source units retained	Monitoring frequency required by the applicable permit or method; at least each material operating mode	Same period as represented production, including startups, shutdowns, and abnormal events	All attributable direct sources and shared sources after allocation	Integrate measured releases over time; calculate other releases from activity and method; subtract only verified capture or recovery.	monitoring QA/QC; stack test; leak-detection record; flare log; permit report; calculation file
cp_wastewater_releases	refinery_separation; naphtha_treatment	wastewater and final releases to water	flow meter, composite sample, laboratory result, and treatment log	discharge_point; volume; pollutant; concentration; sample_time; detection_limit; treatment_route; receiving_compartment	Flow-proportional composite sampling where appropriate, paired with represented discharge volume.	m3; mg/L; kg	Permit frequency and after material process changes	Same period as represented production	All included discharge points and outsourced treatment transfers	Pollutant mass equals concentration times represented volume; handle non-detects by a disclosed rule; avoid double counting internal transfers.	accredited laboratory result; sampler log; flow-meter calibration; permit report
cp_waste_records	refinery_separation; naphtha_treatment; storage_and_loading	sludges, spent treatment materials, tank bottoms, and other wastes	weighbridge ticket, waste manifest, contractor record, and stock ledger	waste_id; composition; mass; date; origin_unit; destination; treatment_route; opening_stock; closing_stock	Direct weighing preferred; otherwise documented stock-change mass balance.	kg	Each shipment and monthly inventory	Same period as represented production, with campaign wastes annualized only when justified	All included units and temporary waste storage	Sum dispatched waste plus inventory change; keep recycling, recovery, treatment, and disposal routes separate.	weighbridge calibration; manifest; contractor certificate; stocktake
cp_storage_voc	storage_and_loading	tank, loading, and equipment-leak releases	tank parameters, throughput, vapor properties, loading mode, vapor-control monitor, and leak survey	source_id; throughput; liquid_temperature; vapor_pressure; vapor_molecular_weight; loading_mode; capture_efficiency; control_efficiency; downtime; measured_outlet; leak_rate	Direct monitoring where required; otherwise a documented AP-42 or permit-consistent calculation using site-specific inputs.	kg pollutant; source units retained	Each loading event or monthly calculation; continuous control monitoring where installed	Same period as represented dispatch	All naphtha tanks, loading racks, and associated equipment	Calculate by source and substance; add control residuals and uncontrolled downtime; keep recovered vapor internal.	control monitor; calculation file; leak survey; throughput and vapor-property records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_naphtha_output	each included process and final reference output	Net conforming output = measured outbound transfer + closing conforming inventory - opening conforming inventory - returned or internally recycled quantity; adapt signs transparently to the site's ledger convention.	outbound transfers; opening inventory; closing inventory; returns; internal recycle; off-spec diversion	net conforming naphtha mass	eu-pef-2021
calc_volume_to_mass	liquid streams recorded by volume	Mass = observed or reference-temperature-corrected volume × density applicable to the same stream and temperature basis.	volume; density; measurement temperature; reference temperature; correction method	stream mass in kg	unsd-cpc-3-2025
calc_normalized_inventory	every inventory row	Normalized amount = allocated reporting-period row quantity ÷ net reporting-period conforming naphtha output × 1,000 kg.	row quantity; allocation factor; net conforming output	amount per 1,000 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021
calc_pollutant_release	calculated elementary flows	Pollutant mass = integrated measured mass rate, or activity × applicable factor adjusted by verified capture and control efficiency; method, factor version, operating mode, and downtime shall be retained.	monitoring data or activity; factor; capture efficiency; control efficiency; downtime	pollutant mass by source and compartment	us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; us-epa-ap42-petroleum-liquids-2008; eu-refinery-bat-2014
calc_allocation_factor	shared refinery unit or utility burdens	Allocation factor = the naphtha-specific value of the declared allocation driver divided by the sum of that driver across all co-products; apply the same factor consistently to shared inputs, wastes, and releases and document exceptions.	co-product quantities; physical or economic driver; prices and price period when used	naphtha allocation factor	eu-pef-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and intermediate naphtha streams	Retain grade, actual distillation range, treatment route, contractual quality results, density basis when used, and custody-transfer point; demonstrate that the output remains within the naphtha category and is not a separately classified fuel, solvent, or downstream chemical.	laboratory certificate; product specification; flow identity; batch and transfer records
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use a common representative period, normally at least 12 months unless campaign production is justified; align material, utility, emission, wastewater, and waste data and disclose shutdowns, startups, and abnormal events.	period coverage table; operating calendar; reconciliation report
dq_technology	separation, treatment, storage, and control systems	Identify the actual fractionation, treatment, tank, loading, vapor-control, wastewater, and emission-control technologies and demonstrate that selected secondary datasets represent them.	process flow diagram; equipment list; technology-to-dataset mapping
dq_geography	upstream datasets and direct releases	Use geography-specific upstream supply and regulatory context where material; disclose mismatches between refinery location, crude origin, electricity, hydrogen, and other upstream datasets.	supplier origin; dataset metadata; geography gap assessment
dq_completeness	inventory and boundary	Reconcile total hydrocarbon mass, include material energy and water carriers, direct and fugitive emissions, wastewater releases, and wastes, and justify every exclusion.	mass and energy balances; completeness checklist; permit-to-inventory crosswalk
dq_precision_uncertainty	measured, calculated, and allocated values	Retain calibration, sampling, detection-limit, factor, allocation, and uncertainty information; distinguish measured data from calculated values and assess sensitivity to material allocation choices.	calibration and QA/QC records; calculation files; uncertainty and sensitivity results
dq_representativeness	completed foreground dataset	Assess technological, geographical, and time representativeness and precision, and report completeness and methodological consistency.	documented data-quality assessment consistent with eu-pef-2021

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference product	The product flow UUID, Mass property UUID, Units of mass UUID, 1,000 kg reference amount, CPC boundary, grade, distillation range, treatment route, and custody-transfer point shall all be present and mutually consistent.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
validate_process_coverage	foreground process map	Separation and final storage/loading shall be present; treatment shall be present whenever the declared product route includes stabilization, hydrotreating, sweetening, fraction adjustment, or specification blending.	us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; eu-refinery-bat-2014
validate_mass_balance	each process and reporting period	Hydrocarbon inputs, outputs, recycle, inventory change, off-spec diversion, wastes, and unexplained imbalance shall be reconciled before normalization; unresolved material imbalance is an error.	eu-pef-2021
validate_allocation	multifunctional refinery operations and shared utilities	The selected allocation hierarchy, driver, factor, co-product set, price period if applicable, and sensitivity result shall be disclosed and applied consistently; double counting recovered energy or internal transfers is an error.	eu-pef-2021
validate_direct_releases	air, water, and waste inventory	Direct combustion and process emissions, flares, vents, fugitive leaks, storage/loading losses, final water releases, and treatment wastes shall be included by substance and destination or have a documented non-applicability determination.	us-epa-ap42-refining-2015; us-epa-refinery-effluent-guidelines; eu-refinery-bat-2014
validate_period_and_quality	completed foreground dataset	All foreground records shall cover a consistent declared period; calibration, sampling, calculation, representativeness, completeness, and uncertainty evidence shall be retained and material gaps disclosed.	eu-pef-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground refinery-gate production dataset for naphtha.
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product carbon footprint and LCA models needing refinery-gate naphtha as a feedstock, provided grade, route, geography, period, and allocation are compatible with the study.
excluded_use	Direct comparison of unlike naphtha grades or refinery routes without harmonization; representation of motor gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, white spirit, pyrolysis gasoline, or downstream petrochemicals; use-phase combustion without a downstream model.
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; product flow UUID; grade and distillation range; treatment route; key quality specification; feed slate; refinery technology; geography; reference period; custody-transfer point; allocation hierarchy, driver and factor; included units; upstream dataset identities; data owner and review status
required_quality_disclosure	mass-balance closure; meter and laboratory QA/QC; temporal, technological and geographical representativeness; direct versus calculated data shares; emission and wastewater methods; allocation sensitivity; completeness; uncertainty; exclusions and unresolved gaps
update_trigger	Material change in feed slate, product grade or specification, fractionation or treatment route, tank/loading or control technology, allocation method, upstream supply, applicable permit method, or represented period; or a material data-quality finding.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, p. 155, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-09	CPC 33330 product boundary, naphtha identity, and distinction from motor gasoline.
us-epa-ap42-refining-2015	Official guidance (official_guidance)	U.S. EPA, AP-42 Section 5.1 Petroleum Refining, April 2015, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/5.1_petroleum_refining.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-09	Refinery process decomposition, separation and treatment operations, utilities, direct and fugitive emission sources, wastewater treatment, and foreground inventory coverage.
us-epa-ap42-petroleum-liquids-2008	Official guidance (official_guidance)	U.S. EPA, AP-42 Section 5.2 Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Liquids, June 2008, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/documents/5.2_transportation_and_marketing_of_petroleum_liquids.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-09	Loading-loss calculation inputs, loading modes, vapor recovery, and storage/loading emission records.
us-epa-refinery-effluent-guidelines	Official guidance (official_guidance)	U.S. EPA, Petroleum Refining Effluent Guidelines, 40 CFR Part 419 overview, https://www.epa.gov/eg/petroleum-refining-effluent-guidelines; retrieved 2026-08-09	Refinery product and process scope, wastewater boundary, discharge and treatment coverage.
eu-refinery-bat-2014	Standard (standard)	European Commission, Implementing Decision 2014/738/EU establishing BAT conclusions for the refining of mineral oil and gas, ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2014/738/oj; retrieved 2026-08-09	Monitoring and inclusion of air and water emissions, distillation off-gas and sour-water treatment, product treatment, storage, loading, vapor recovery, waste, and control-system records.
eu-pef-2021	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method, ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj; retrieved 2026-08-09	Functional unit and reference flow, completeness, multifunctionality hierarchy, allocation disclosure, data collection, representativeness, precision, and quality requirements.