Gas oil

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers the production of gas oil / diesel oil as the CPC 3.0 category of petroleum middle distillates, including fossil gas oil and blends in which diesel oil remains the base constituent. It supports foreground data packages for gas oil used as diesel fuel, industrial or heating fuel, power-generation fuel, or another declared middle-distillate use. The data package shall state the crude-oil and other feedstock origin, refinery configuration, atmospheric and vacuum fraction contribution, conversion and hydrotreating route, sulphur content, density and reference temperature, whether biogenic components are included and on what basis, refinery allocation method, and terminal delivery state.

The category does not authorize one regional road-diesel grade, marine-gas-oil grade, supplier formulation, or neat biodiesel dataset to represent all gas oil. Neat biodiesel is outside this PCR. A blended product may use this PCR only when the fossil gas-oil base, biogenic component identity and share, intended market, applicable product specification, and component-specific upstream datasets are disclosed. The default gate is loaded product at the declared refinery or connected terminal; downstream distribution, storage outside that gate, and fuel combustion are excluded unless a study explicitly adds them as separate processes.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.coke-oven-products-refined-petroleum-products-nuclear-fuel.gas-oil
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 33360, Gas oil
covered_products	Gas oil / diesel oil middle distillates; straight-run, cracked, hydrotreated, or blended gas oil; gas oil containing a declared biodiesel or other biogenic blend component
excluded_products	Crude petroleum; kerosene and jet fuel; residual fuel oil; marine fuel represented without a matching gas-oil grade declaration; neat biodiesel; a regional diesel grade extrapolated beyond its declared specification and market
representative_product	Generic petroleum-refinery gas oil / diesel oil production mix meeting a declared intended-market specification
production_route	Crude or other refinery feed receipt and preparation; atmospheric and/or vacuum distillation; applicable conversion and hydrotreating; blending and product finishing; storage and loading
market_state	Finished liquid fuel, at the declared refinery or connected terminal delivery gate, with batch or production-period quality and composition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Gas oil / diesel oil meeting the declared intended-market product specification and delivery state
How much	1 kg net delivered product
How well	Measured delivered mass with product grade and intended use, origin and refinery route, sulphur content, density and reference temperature, biogenic component identity and share, and delivery gate declared
How long or cycle	One representative production campaign or reporting period with reconciled feed, production, stock-change, and delivery records
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the loaded gas-oil product output from storage_and_terminal_delivery

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	intended market and product grade; applicable specification and geography; fossil feedstock and crude-origin basis; refinery configuration; atmospheric and vacuum fraction contribution; conversion route; hydrotreating status; sulphur content and test basis; density and reference temperature; biogenic component identity and share on a declared mass-or-volume basis; additive content where material; refinery allocation method; delivery gate and loaded state; reporting period

The selected TianGong flow is a public generic product identity classified exactly to CPC 3.0 33360 and described as a refinery production mix. Its database name, “Diesel oil,” is treated here as the CPC gas-oil / diesel-oil synonym, not as permission to substitute a location-specific automotive diesel dataset. Missing required qualifiers make a foreground data package incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and product intermediates	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net mass and normalize all inventory results to 1 kg of gas oil loaded at the declared delivery gate.
volume_to_mass	volume-based feed, blend, stock, or delivery records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert volume to mass only with the measured or specification-supported density for the same batch and a stated reference temperature; do not apply an undeclared generic diesel density.
sulphur_measurement	feed streams, treated streams, blend components, and finished gas oil	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	mg/kg or declared mass fraction	Record sampling point, analytical method, reporting basis, and measured sulphur content; a jurisdiction-specific limit is a qualifier, not a category-wide default.
biogenic_share	gas oil containing biodiesel or another biogenic component	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg/kg or explicitly declared volume fraction	State component identity, renewable feedstock route, measured blend quantity, and whether the reported share is mass- or volume-based; keep fossil and biogenic upstream burdens separately traceable.
energy_conversion	optional energy-based reporting	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ/kg	Use a batch-, grade-, or supplier-specific net calorific value and state its source and measurement basis; retain mass as the PCR reference property.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_refinery_operations	foreground refinery production	Include feedstock receipt and preparation, atmospheric and vacuum distillation as applicable, conversion and hydrotreating used for the represented streams, blending and finishing, storage, stock changes, and loading at the declared terminal gate.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
boundary_upstream_links	purchased crude, secondary feedstocks, hydrogen, electricity, fuels, steam, water, additives, and blend components	Record each purchased input as an explicit product flow and link it to an upstream dataset matching its origin, technology, and delivery state; do not replace upstream supply with unreferenced elementary flows.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
boundary_direct_releases	controlled refinery units and storage	Include measured or reconciled direct emissions to air and water, process off-gases, sour water, wastewater, spent catalysts, sludges, and other wastes attributable to the represented operations.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
boundary_delivery_gate	reference product	End the default foreground boundary when net gas-oil mass is loaded at the declared refinery or connected terminal; model downstream distribution and combustion separately when required by the study.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
boundary_category_integrity	dataset applicability	Do not use a single regional road-diesel, marine-gas-oil, supplier, or neat-biodiesel dataset as the complete category; disclose the intended market and blend composition and select only matching datasets.	unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	refinery feedstocks received at the represented refinery boundary
starting_condition_role	upstream-linked product inputs with origin, assay or grade, and delivery state declared
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 33360, gas oil / diesel oil middle distillates and declared diesel-oil-based blends
recursive_input_rule	a purchased or transferred gas-oil input in the same category remains an explicit product input with its own upstream dataset and is not recursively reconstructed inside this foreground package
upstream_dataset_requirement	match crude or secondary feed origin, production route, geography, quality, and delivery state; separately match hydrogen, utilities, additives, and biogenic components
disclosure	state crude/feedstock source, refinery configuration, atmospheric and vacuum stream contribution, conversion and hydrotreating route, sulphur, density, blend composition, allocation, stock change, and delivery gate

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feedstock_receipt_and_preparation	Feedstock receipt and preparation	required	Always; include desalting or equivalent preparation when operated	foreground	prepared refinery feed
primary_distillation	Atmospheric and vacuum distillation	required	Atmospheric distillation is required; include vacuum distillation when a vacuum fraction contributes to represented gas oil or its conversion feed	foreground	gas-oil-range streams leaving distillation
conversion_and_hydrotreating	Conversion and hydrotreating	conditional	Include every cracking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, sweetening, or other treatment unit whose stream contributes to the final gas oil	foreground	treated gas-oil blend components
blending_and_product_finishing	Blending and product finishing	required	Always; include all fossil and biogenic blend components and additives	foreground	finished gas oil sent to storage
storage_and_terminal_delivery	Storage and terminal delivery	required	Always to the declared loaded-product gate	foreground	net loaded reference product

Process: Feedstock receipt and preparation (feedstock_receipt_and_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude oil and other refinery feedstocks received (received_refinery_feedstocks)

Record every crude slate component, condensate, secondary feedstock, and imported intermediate crossing the refinery boundary. Preserve supplier or origin, assay or grade, fossil or biogenic nature, delivered mass, density basis, and upstream provider.

• Selected flow: Select origin- and grade-specific crude petroleum or refinery-feed product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass corrected for transfers, water, sediment, and stock change on a consistent basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared refinery feed
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_receipt
• Sources:

Preparation utilities and materials (feedstock_preparation_inputs)

Record electricity, steam, fuels, water, chemicals, and other material inputs used for receiving, heating, desalting, and preparation.

• Selected flow: Select utility- and material-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Native flow property and unit, converted to the declared process basis
• Amount rule: metered or purchase-reconciled quantity attributable to feedstock preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared refinery feed
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_unit_utilities
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared refinery feed (prepared_refinery_feed)

Record the mass passed to primary distillation and identify the preparation steps performed.

• Selected flow: Prepared refinery feed, internal refinery transfer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass reconciled to feed receipts, recovered hydrocarbons, water removal, and stock change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_receipt
• Sources:

Waste flows

Desalter sludge and preparation waste (preparation_waste)

Record sludge, solids, and other preparation wastes by destination and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Select waste-specific flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or shipment-reconciled waste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared refinery feed
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_water_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Atmospheric and vacuum distillation (primary_distillation)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared refinery feed to distillation (distillation_feed)

Record atmospheric and vacuum unit feed separately so the origin of each gas-oil-range fraction remains traceable.

• Selected flow: Prepared refinery feed, internal refinery transfer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured unit feed by atmospheric or vacuum train
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg gas-oil-range stream leaving distillation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_distillation_streams
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Distillation utilities (distillation_utilities)

Record furnace fuel, electricity, steam, cooling water, and other utilities assigned to atmospheric and vacuum distillation.

• Selected flow: Select utility-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Native flow property and unit
• Amount rule: metered unit consumption or documented unit-level engineering balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg gas-oil-range stream leaving distillation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_unit_utilities
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Atmospheric and vacuum gas-oil-range streams (distilled_gas_oil_streams)

Record each atmospheric or vacuum fraction separately with its measured mass, distillation identity, destination, sulphur content, and density basis.

• Selected flow: Gas-oil-range intermediate, internal refinery transfer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stream mass reconciled to unit feed and all distillation outputs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_distillation_streams
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Other distillation products (other_distillation_products)

Record gases, naphtha, kerosene, residues, and other co-products required to close the unit mass balance and support allocation.

• Selected flow: Select co-product-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured co-product mass by stream
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refinery_yield_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Sour water and distillation wastes (distillation_waste_streams)

Record sour water and other waste streams routed to treatment or disposal.

• Selected flow: Select waste-specific flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer or treatment-reconciled quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg gas-oil-range stream leaving distillation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_water_records
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Elementary flows

Direct distillation emissions to air (distillation_air_emissions)

Record combustion and process emissions released to air after treatment, including the applicable monitored pollutants and reporting basis.

• Selected flow: Select pollutant-specific elementary flows to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: monitored or mass-balance-derived release attributable to distillation units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg gas-oil-range stream leaving distillation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Process: Conversion and hydrotreating (conversion_and_hydrotreating)

Inputs

Product flows

Gas-oil streams sent to conversion or treatment (treatment_feed_streams)

Record each straight-run, cracked, vacuum, or imported gas-oil stream entering conversion, hydrotreating, sweetening, or other product treatment.

• Selected flow: Gas-oil-range intermediate, internal or purchased product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured feed mass by treatment unit and stream origin
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated gas-oil component
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_operation
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Hydrogen and treatment inputs (hydrogen_and_treatment_inputs)

Record purchased or refinery-produced hydrogen, catalysts, chemicals, electricity, fuels, steam, and water used by each included unit.

• Selected flow: Select hydrogen, catalyst, chemical, and utility-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Native flow property and unit
• Amount rule: metered, issued, or inventory-reconciled quantity by treatment unit
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated gas-oil component
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_operation
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Treated gas-oil blend components (treated_gas_oil_components)

Record treated output by unit with mass, sulphur content, density basis, and routing to blending.

• Selected flow: Treated gas-oil component, internal refinery transfer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured treated-product mass by contributing stream
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_operation
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Recovered sulphur and other treatment co-products (treatment_coproducts)

Record recovered sulphur and other saleable outputs only when their product status and destination are documented; otherwise classify them as waste.

• Selected flow: Select co-product-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured co-product mass leaving the treatment system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_operation
• Sources:

Waste flows

Spent catalysts, spent caustic, and treatment wastes (treatment_wastes)

Record each waste with mass, hazardous status where applicable, and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Select waste-specific flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issue, replacement, or shipment mass allocated to the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated gas-oil component
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_water_records
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Elementary flows

Direct treatment emissions and discharged water emissions (treatment_direct_releases)

Record pollutant-specific releases after gas and water treatment, without double counting streams transferred internally to treatment.

• Selected flow: Select pollutant-specific elementary flows to air or water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: monitored, sampled, or reconciled release attributable to included treatment units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated gas-oil component
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Process: Blending and product finishing (blending_and_product_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Fossil gas-oil blend components (fossil_blend_components)

Record every fossil middle-distillate component by origin, process route, mass, density basis, and sulphur content.

• Selected flow: Select component-specific gas-oil product or internal flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured batch or continuous-blend component mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg finished gas oil sent to storage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_and_quality
• Sources:

Biogenic components and additives (biogenic_components_and_additives)

Record biodiesel or other biogenic components and additives separately, including identity, upstream route, mass or volume, density basis, and blend-share basis. Enter zero only when records demonstrate that no such component was used.

• Selected flow: Select component-specific biodiesel, other biogenic component, and additive product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, with any source volume retained and converted using component-specific density
• Amount rule: measured component addition by batch or reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg finished gas oil sent to storage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_and_quality
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Finished gas oil before terminal stock adjustment (finished_gas_oil)

Record finished product mass and quality by batch or production period, including intended market, grade, specification, sulphur content, density and temperature, biogenic share, and additive disclosure.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured blend output passing the declared quality release
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_and_quality
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023

Waste flows

Off-specification product and blending waste (blending_waste)

Record off-specification material as an internal rework stream, saleable downgraded product, or waste according to its actual destination; do not count the same mass twice.

• Selected flow: Select destination-specific product or waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured off-specification quantity by disposition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg finished gas oil sent to storage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_blending_and_quality
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Storage and terminal delivery (storage_and_terminal_delivery)

Inputs

Product flows

Finished gas oil entering storage (gas_oil_to_storage)

Record product transferred into the represented tank system and retain batch identity and quality status.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass into storage
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg net loaded gas oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_and_delivery
• Sources:

Storage and loading utilities (storage_loading_utilities)

Record electricity, fuels, and other utilities used for tank operation, recirculation, pumping, and loading.

• Selected flow: Select utility-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Native flow property and unit
• Amount rule: metered or equipment-record-based quantity attributable to represented storage and loading
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg net loaded gas oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_unit_utilities
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Net gas oil loaded at the declared terminal gate (loaded_gas_oil_reference_product)

This is the reference product. Reconcile loaded mass to tank stock change, transfers, returns, off-specification disposition, and measured losses for the same reporting period.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: net custody-transfer mass loaded at the declared gate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_and_delivery
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-33360

Waste flows

Tank bottoms and terminal wastes (terminal_wastes)

Record tank bottoms, contaminated water, and other terminal wastes by destination.

• Selected flow: Select waste-specific flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured removal or shipment quantity allocated to the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg net loaded gas oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_water_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Storage and loading releases to air (terminal_air_releases)

Record measured or engineering-reconciled pollutant-specific releases from tanks and loading after any recovery or control.

• Selected flow: Select pollutant-specific elementary flows to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: monitored or documented loss-model result using site-specific throughput, tank, control, and product data
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg net loaded gas oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-refining-bat-2014-738

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	unit operations and independently metered streams	First avoid allocation by subdividing the refinery into feed preparation, distillation, conversion/treatment, blending, and terminal operations and directly assigning measured inputs and releases where causal records exist.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_relationship	inseparable multifunctional operations	When subdivision or system expansion is not practicable, use a documented, quantifiable physical relationship relevant to the function delivered; explain why the relationship represents the burden driver.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_refinery_shared_burdens	refinery-wide utilities, shared treatment, and upstream crude burdens	State the refinery model, co-product set, allocation basis, time period, prices or physical data where applicable, treatment of negative or zero-value outputs, and a sensitivity case for materially influential choices; do not silently apply mass, energy, or economic allocation.	jrc-refinery-allocation-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_product_or_waste_status	recovered sulphur, off-specification material, sludges, spent catalysts, and other secondary outputs	Classify each output from its documented legal and market destination; apply the chosen allocation or waste-treatment rule consistently and prevent double counting of rework or recovered products.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_biogenic_components	blended gas oil containing biogenic material	Attach component-specific upstream burdens to the measured fossil and biogenic component quantities before allocating shared blending and terminal burdens; disclose the mass- or volume-share conversion.	unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_feedstock_receipt	feedstock_receipt_and_preparation	received and prepared refinery feed	custody-transfer, assay, and stock record	supplier; origin; crude or feed grade; fossil or biogenic status; mass; volume; density; temperature; water and sediment; receipt date; tank; stock change	calibrated custody meter, weighbridge, laboratory assay, and tank reconciliation	kg; m3; kg/m3	each receipt and daily tank balance	complete reporting period plus opening and closing stock	represented refinery feed system	reconcile receipts, transfers, removals, and stock change; convert volume only at matched density and temperature	calibration; assay report; supplier document; signed stock reconciliation
cp_distillation_streams	primary_distillation	atmospheric and vacuum feed and product streams	unit operating and laboratory record	unit; stream id; atmospheric or vacuum origin; mass flow; density; temperature; distillation characterization; sulphur; destination; operating hours	calibrated flow meters, laboratory sampling, and data historian	kg; kg/h; kg/m3; mg/kg	continuous with batch or shift quality sample	complete reporting period	every atmospheric and vacuum train contributing to gas oil	time-integrate streams and reconcile all unit inputs, products, internal recycle, water, and losses	meter calibration; sample chain; historian completeness; unit balance sign-off
cp_treatment_operation	conversion_and_hydrotreating	treatment feed, hydrogen, catalysts, utilities, treated product, and co-products	unit operation, issue, and quality record	unit; technology; feed streams; output streams; mass; hydrogen; catalyst; energy; water; inlet and outlet sulphur; density; co-product destination; operating hours	meters, laboratory results, catalyst inventory, and unit historian	kg; kg/h; kWh; MJ; m3; mg/kg	continuous or per batch with period inventory reconciliation	complete reporting period	every contributing conversion or treatment unit	integrate by unit, reconcile feed and outputs, and preserve stream routing to blending	meter calibration; lab QA; catalyst issue records; signed unit balance
cp_blending_and_quality	blending_and_product_finishing	fossil components, biogenic components, additives, finished gas oil, and off-specification material	blend recipe, meter, tank, and certificate-of-analysis record	batch; component identity and origin; mass; volume; density and temperature; fossil or biogenic status; blend-share basis; additives; sulphur; grade; intended market; applicable specification; disposition	calibrated component meters, tank reconciliation, and accredited or controlled laboratory analysis	kg; m3; kg/m3; mg/kg; mass or volume percent	each blend batch or continuous-blend campaign	all released and off-specification production in reporting period	all blending systems contributing to reference product	reconcile component inputs to finished, rework, downgraded, waste, and stock outputs; calculate shares on declared basis	meter calibration; recipe authorization; certificate of analysis; batch release
cp_storage_and_delivery	storage_and_terminal_delivery	storage input, stock change, returns, losses, and loaded reference product	tank gauge and custody-transfer record	tank; batch; opening and closing stock; transfers; returns; loaded mass and volume; density; temperature; loading point; delivery mode; time; grade	calibrated tank gauging and custody-transfer meter	kg; m3; kg/m3	each transfer and loading; daily stock	complete reporting period plus opening and closing stock	represented refinery or connected terminal	loaded output equals inputs plus net stock withdrawal minus returns, rework, wastes, and losses on a consistent mass basis	meter calibration; tank table; delivery ticket; signed stock balance
cp_unit_utilities	all included processes	electricity, fuel, steam, water, and material utilities	meter, invoice, and engineering balance	unit; utility identity; quantity; meter; allocation tag; operating hours; provider; delivery state	dedicated meter preferred; documented engineering balance or invoice reconciliation otherwise	native flow unit	continuous or invoice period	complete reporting period	all included units and shared systems	directly assign dedicated use; allocate only documented shared use under section 7	meter calibration; invoice; balance owner; allocation worksheet
cp_direct_emissions	all included processes	direct releases to air and water	continuous monitor, sample, flare, vent, and loss-model record	source; pollutant; concentration; flow; duration; control status; detection limit; calculation method; release compartment	continuous monitoring, representative sampling, or documented site-specific engineering calculation	kg; mg/Nm3; mg/L and supporting activity units	continuous or permit/sample frequency; event-specific for flares and incidents	complete reporting period including abnormal events	all included units, tanks, loading points, and final discharges	integrate pollutant mass after controls and prevent double counting internal transfers to treatment	monitor calibration; accredited analysis; event log; calculation review
cp_waste_and_water_records	all included processes	wastewater, sludge, spent catalyst, tank bottoms, and other waste	transfer, treatment, and shipment record	source unit; material identity; mass or volume; composition; hazardous status; destination; recovery or disposal route; date	meter, scale, manifest, and treatment-plant reconciliation	kg; m3	each transfer or shipment	complete reporting period	all included units and on-site treatment interfaces	sum by source, material, and destination; reconcile internal transfer against final treatment output	scale calibration; waste manifest; treatment acceptance; mass balance
cp_refinery_yield_balance	all included processes	refinery products, co-products, internal transfers, and stock	production accounting record	stream; source unit; destination; mass; density; stock change; saleable or waste status; price or physical allocation variable when used	reconciled refinery production accounting	kg; declared allocation variable	daily or accounting period	complete reporting period	represented refinery and product slate	close refinery-wide mass and yield balance before normalization and allocation	signed production balance; allocation dataset; discrepancy explanation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_mass	all inventory rows	normalized amount = reporting-period amount divided by net kg of loaded reference gas oil	relevant collection protocol; cp_storage_and_delivery	amount per 1 kg loaded gas oil
convert_volume_with_density	volume-based feed, component, stock, and delivery records	mass = observed volume multiplied by density corrected or measured at the same declared reference temperature	cp_feedstock_receipt; cp_blending_and_quality; cp_storage_and_delivery	kg on a consistent temperature basis
reconcile_process_mass	each included unit and the refinery-wide balance	input mass plus opening stock = product, co-product, waste, direct mass release, and closing stock; explain residuals above the facility QA criterion	all process collection protocols; cp_refinery_yield_balance	signed unit and refinery mass-balance result
calculate_biogenic_share	finished blended gas oil	biogenic share = measured biogenic component quantity divided by total finished blend quantity on one declared mass or volume basis; apply component-specific density before converting bases	cp_blending_and_quality	biogenic component share and component-resolved upstream inventory	unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023
calculate_sulphur_balance	distillation, treatment, blending, and final product	reconcile sulphur entering in feed and components with sulphur in products, recovered sulphur, wastes, water, and air releases using measured contents and masses	cp_distillation_streams; cp_treatment_operation; cp_blending_and_quality; cp_direct_emissions; cp_waste_and_water_records	sulphur balance and unexplained residual	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
apply_allocation	multifunctional refinery operations	allocated burden = unassigned shared burden multiplied by the documented allocation factor after direct assignment; factors across the declared co-product set shall reconcile to one	cp_refinery_yield_balance; cp_unit_utilities; cp_direct_emissions	allocated inventory and sensitivity results per product	eu-pef-2021-2279, jrc-refinery-allocation-2017
calculate_net_loaded_output	storage and terminal delivery	net loaded mass = custody-transfer loadings minus documented returns, with tank stock change, rework, wastes, and losses reconciled for the same period	cp_storage_and_delivery	kg reference product at declared gate

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and blend components	Product grade, intended market, specification, origin, route, sulphur, density and temperature, biogenic share basis, and delivery gate shall be complete and internally consistent.	batch release, certificate of analysis, blend recipe, and delivery ticket
dq_refinery_configuration	process map	List every contributing unit, technology, stream connection, operating period, and bypass; justify every conditional exclusion.	current process-flow diagram, unit roster, historian tags, and signed applicability review
dq_measurement	mass, volume, density, quality, utility, and emission records	Use calibrated instruments or controlled analytical methods; record detection limits, missing periods, substitutions, and corrections.	calibration certificates, laboratory QA, data-completeness report, and correction log
dq_temporal_reconciliation	production period	Feed, production, utility, emissions, waste, stock, and delivery data shall cover the same period and include opening and closing stock.	period-close reconciliation and timestamp coverage report
dq_allocation	multi-output refinery burdens	Preserve direct assignment, co-product set, allocation factors and variables, data period, and sensitivity results in an auditable worksheet.	allocation workbook, production balance, price or physical-variable source, and reviewer sign-off
dq_upstream_matching	purchased product flows	Each provider dataset shall match the declared origin, technology, quality, and delivery state or disclose the mismatch and sensitivity.	provider metadata and applicability assessment

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Confirm the selected flow UUID, Mass property UUID, Units of mass UUID, 1 kg reference amount, and all required qualifiers are present.	unsd-cpc-3-33360
validate_category_scope	dataset applicability	Reject use as a category-wide dataset when the package represents only one regional diesel grade, marine grade, supplier formulation, or neat biodiesel without an explicit narrower scope.	unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023
validate_route_and_boundary	process coverage	Confirm feed origin, refinery configuration, atmospheric and vacuum contribution, conversion and hydrotreating status, blending, storage, and loaded gate; every omitted conditional unit shall have a documented non-applicability reason.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
validate_quality_measurements	finished product and contributing streams	Confirm sulphur and density values have sample or record identifiers, methods, units, reference temperature where relevant, and the same product-period basis as the inventory.	eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023
validate_biogenic_content	blended gas oil	Confirm component identity, renewable feedstock route, measured quantity, mass-or-volume basis, density conversion where used, and separate upstream provider; prohibit an undeclared zero assumption.	unsd-cpc-3-33360, eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023
validate_mass_and_sulphur_balance	unit and refinery balances	Require reconciled mass and sulphur balances, documented residuals, and consistent stock changes before normalization.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
validate_allocation	multi-output burdens	Confirm direct assignment precedes allocation, the co-product set and factors reconcile, the chosen relationship is justified, and materially influential allocation choices have a sensitivity result.	eu-pef-2021-2279, jrc-refinery-allocation-2017
validate_releases_and_wastes	foreground inventory completeness	Confirm direct air and water releases, internal treatment transfers, final discharges, spent catalysts, sludges, and terminal losses are covered without double counting.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738
validate_upstream_providers	purchased inputs	Confirm crude, secondary feed, hydrogen, utilities, additives, and biogenic components have matching provider datasets or an explicit documented data gap.	eu-refining-bat-2014-738

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	unit_process or aggregated refinery-gate production dataset with transparent process and allocation detail
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	gas-oil production and supply studies whose feedstock origin, refinery route, product grade, intended market, blend composition, geography, period, allocation, and terminal gate match the dataset
excluded_use	unqualified global gas-oil proxy; substitution for neat biodiesel; automatic substitution for a regional road-diesel or marine-fuel grade; combustion or downstream distribution not modelled as separate stages
required_metadata	reference-flow UUIDs; CPC scope; refinery and terminal geography; reporting period; feedstock origin; refinery configuration; atmospheric and vacuum contribution; treatment route; sulphur; density and temperature; biogenic share basis; specification; intended market; allocation; delivery gate
required_quality_disclosure	measurement coverage and calibration; mass and sulphur reconciliation; stock treatment; emission and waste coverage; provider matching; allocation factors and sensitivity; data gaps and substitutions
update_trigger	material change in crude slate, refinery configuration, contributing stream routes, hydrotreating, product specification, sulphur or blend formulation, allocation method, terminal gate, provider datasets, or reporting-period representativeness

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-33360	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, subclass 33360, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	category identity; middle-distillate scope; gas oil / diesel oil terminology; treatment of diesel-oil and biodiesel mixtures
eu-refining-bat-2014-738	standard	Commission Implementing Decision 2014/738/EU establishing BAT conclusions for refining mineral oil and gas, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2014/738/2014-10-28 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	refinery process decomposition; atmospheric and vacuum distillation; hydrogen-consuming processes; product treatment; storage, blending, loading; emissions and waste coverage
eu-fuel-quality-98-70-consolidated-2023	standard	Directive 98/70/EC consolidated 20 November 2023, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1998/70/2023-11-20/eng/pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	intended-market and specification qualifiers; sulphur and FAME disclosure context; prohibition on treating one jurisdictional specification as universal
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Product Environmental Footprint method, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	allocation hierarchy; subdivision, system expansion, physical relationship, and fallback relationship requirements
jrc-refinery-allocation-2017	literature	Moretti et al., Analysis of standard and innovative methods for allocating upstream and refinery GHG emissions to oil products, JRC105041, DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.183, https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC105041 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	refinery-product allocation alternatives, transparency, and sensitivity requirements