Natural sands

1. Scope and Applicability

Natural mineral sand supplied at one declared extraction, washing/classification or industrial-beneficiation loading gate. Cover naturally occurring siliceous, calcareous and other mineral sands from land deposits and permitted river/lake/marine dredging, including raw, washed, classified or actually dried grades. Distinguish extraction-only, integrated mining/processing and standalone processing of supplied burden-bearing sand. Liberation of naturally cemented sand is included only with documented natural-grain origin; deliberate manufacture of sand from nonsand rock belongs to the crushed-stone category. Declare all actual screening, scrubbing, desliming, separation, dewatering, purification and drying operations, rather than requiring all routes. Include site development/rehabilitation, loading, water, dust and waste management. Downstream concrete, glass, foundry use and service performance are separate datasets. epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.stone-sand-and-clay.natural-sands
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:15310
covered_products	Natural raw, washed/classified or dried construction/industrial mineral sands; each dataset fixes mineralogy, origin and gate state
excluded_products	Manufactured sand from nonsand rock; recycled concrete aggregate; gravel as reference product; coated/resin-bonded foundry sand; synthetic silica; sand-containing mortar/concrete/glass and extraction services
representative_product	Natural sand at the declared supply gate
production_route	Deposit development and restoration; Natural-sand excavation and dredging; Screening, washing and classification; Industrial purification and drying; Water, fines and dust controls; Net accepted sand loading
market_state	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply 1 kg of qualified natural sand at declared moisture and grading; no equal-strength or end-use performance equivalence across grades
How much	1 kg
How well	site/year; terrestrial/river/lake/marine origin and permitted extraction reach; actual mineralogy and quartz/carbonate fractions; natural-grain provenance; extraction/processing route; sieve distribution and fines; purity and impurities; salinity/chloride; market grade; moisture and dry-solids basis; net loading gate; water source/return/basin; sediment and waste fate; allocation and lifetime-output basis
How long or cycle	One gate supply within a declared production period
reference_flow_link	final_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Natural sand at the declared supply gate
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	site/year; terrestrial/river/lake/marine origin and permitted extraction reach; actual mineralogy and quartz/carbonate fractions; natural-grain provenance; extraction/processing route; sieve distribution and fines; purity and impurities; salinity/chloride; market grade; moisture and dry-solids basis; net loading gate; water source/return/basin; sediment and waste fate; allocation and lifetime-output basis

Declare all qualifiers in dataset metadata or reference-flow comments. The representative identity is usable only for its confirmed product state, geography and property; resolve a distinct flow for incompatible variants. It does not impose a default product composition.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_basis	final_product	Mass	kg	D is the positive accepted net gate-output total in kg. Exclude packaging and cancelled internal transfers. cp_output records D; every card uses per 1 kg reference flow.
conversion	utility and material rows	Declared row property	kg; m3; MJ	Retain raw readings. Electricity: 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Mass/volume conversion requires measured density, temperature and applicable pressure; retain water content and active chemical fraction.
category_balance	production	Mass	kg	D is independently measured positive accepted net as-received sand mass in kg at the gate, excluding packaging and rejects. Record moisture fraction w on an explicitly stated wet basis, with 0 <= w < 1; dry solids = D*(1-w), not a second denominator. Convert dry-record quantity to as-received only using matched measured moisture; volumetric sales require measured loose/compacted bulk density and moisture, not a universal sand density. Reconcile raw mineral dry solids, accepted grades, separately sold gravel, fines/slimes, stocks and releases; separately reconcile new water, inherent moisture, internal recycled water, evaporation and discharge.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Actual natural sediment/mineral deposit for extraction, or supplied raw natural sand carrying upstream burden for standalone processing
starting_condition_role	Resource or supplied feed; declare which
product_classification_scope	Natural raw, washed/classified or dried construction/industrial mineral sands; each dataset fixes mineralogy, origin and gate state
recursive_input_rule	Purchased same-category material carries a distinct supplier dataset; internal recycling is a balance observation, not a new external input or credit.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link feed, electricity, fuels, chemicals, infrastructure and waste-management burdens; disclose any missing coverage.
disclosure	site/year; terrestrial/river/lake/marine origin and permitted extraction reach; actual mineralogy and quartz/carbonate fractions; natural-grain provenance; extraction/processing route; sieve distribution and fines; purity and impurities; salinity/chloride; market grade; moisture and dry-solids basis; net loading gate; water source/return/basin; sediment and waste fate; allocation and lifetime-output basis

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_operations	site	Natural mineral sand supplied at one declared extraction, washing/classification or industrial-beneficiation loading gate. Cover naturally occurring siliceous, calcareous and other mineral sands from land deposits and permitted river/lake/marine dredging, including raw, washed, classified or actually dried grades. Distinguish extraction-only, integrated mining/processing and standalone processing of supplied burden-bearing sand. Liberation of naturally cemented sand is included only with documented natural-grain origin; deliberate manufacture of sand from nonsand rock belongs to the crushed-stone category. Declare all actual screening, scrubbing, desliming, separation, dewatering, purification and drying operations, rather than requiring all routes. Include site development/rehabilitation, loading, water, dust and waste management. Downstream concrete, glass, foundry use and service performance are separate datasets.	epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007
boundary_partition	all exchanges	Include actual conditioning, storage, handling and pollution controls through the declared gate. Account for attributable construction and closure with a disclosed lifetime-output basis or justified exclusion and sensitivity. Separate purchased fuel supply from foreground combustion and purchased treatment from site releases.
boundary_completeness	inventory	Cards define individual likely exchanges and route conditions, not an exhaustive site audit. Add each actual absent chemical, waste, resource, land transformation and pollutant as its own row. Absence, measured zero and unknown must be distinguished.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
development	Deposit development and restoration	conditional	Actual integrated extraction with attributable land/aquatic restoration	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
extraction	Natural-sand excavation and dredging	conditional	Actual primary natural deposit extraction	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
washing	Screening, washing and classification	conditional	Actual natural-grain processing; raw unwashed supply can bypass	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
purification	Industrial purification and drying	conditional	Only the actual industrial sand route; no default reagents or drying	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
controls	Water, fines and dust controls	conditional	Actual source-specific control and management	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
dispatch	Net accepted sand loading	required	Every declared gate	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow

Process: Deposit development and restoration (development)

Inputs

Product flows

Deposit-development diesel (development_diesel)

Actual stripping/restoration equipment with disclosed lifetime output, no repeated full annual charge.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_development_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_development_diesel
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Sand-deposit overburden (overburden)

Actual removed covering material; separately record retained/replaced topsoil and habitat-specific land/aquatic transformations.

• Selected flow: Sand-deposit overburden
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_overburden; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_overburden
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Process: Natural-sand excavation and dredging (extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Excavation and dredging diesel (extraction_diesel)

Actual excavator/dredger/boat fuel; distinguish pumping, haul and loading metering boundaries.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_extraction_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_diesel
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Extraction-pump electricity (extraction_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Only actual electrically powered extraction/suction equipment; do not invent electric dredging for diesel equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_extraction_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_power
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Elementary flows

Quartz sand in deposit (quartz_resource)

Only actual quartz-sand deposit extraction, mass as natural resource; other mineral sands need their own resource identities. Do not duplicate resource under purchased feed.

• Selected flow: quartz sand 0d7a3ad3-6556-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_quartz_resource; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_quartz_resource
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Process: Screening, washing and classification (washing)

Inputs

Product flows

Supplied raw natural sand (supplied_raw_sand)

Standalone washing/classification receives supplier burdens and documented natural origin; cancel integrated internal feed.

• Selected flow: Supplied raw natural sand
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_supplied_raw_sand; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_supplied_raw_sand
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Sand-washing and classification electricity (washing_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual screens, scrubbers, classifiers and dewatering pumps; record bypassed operations and shared meters.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_washing_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_washing_power
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Purchased sand-washing make-up water (wash_water)

Only purchased new water; direct abstraction and saline source water need separate resource identities and basin records; internal recirculation excluded.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_wash_water; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_wash_water
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Saleable separated natural gravel (gravel_coproduct)

Only qualified simultaneously produced natural gravel with actual sale/state and allocation; not part of sand D.

• Selected flow: Saleable separated natural gravel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_gravel_coproduct; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_gravel_coproduct
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Waste flows

Sand-washing mineral slime (sand_slime)

Actual fines/clay/organic solids transferred to management; record wet mass and measured solids without generic composition.

• Selected flow: Sand-washing mineral slime
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sand_slime; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sand_slime
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Process: Industrial purification and drying (purification)

Inputs

Product flows

Sand-purification electricity (purification_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual attrition, magnetic/flotation separation or drying auxiliaries; each actually used reagent needs its own row.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_purification_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_purification_power
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Sodium silicate reagent (sodium_silicate)

Only a confirmed sodium-silicate-assisted beneficiation route; collect solution mass and actual active fraction, not a generic dose.

• Selected flow: Sodium silicate reagent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sodium_silicate; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sodium_silicate
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Sulfuric acid reagent (sulfuric_acid)

Only actual sulfuric-acid beneficiation; retain concentration and residual fate; unrelated sand routes exclude.

• Selected flow: Sulfuric acid reagent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sulfuric_acid; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sulfuric_acid
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Dryer natural gas (dryer_natural_gas)

Only actual natural-gas-fired sand dryer, with metered gas, actual composition and calorific basis. Add each other actual fuel/heat separately.

• Selected flow: Dryer natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_dryer_natural_gas; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_dryer_natural_gas
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Sand-beneficiation impurity reject (beneficiation_reject)

Only actual separated impurity residue; characterize mineralogy, reagent residue and actual treatment, no assumed hazardous status.

• Selected flow: Sand-beneficiation impurity reject
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_beneficiation_reject; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_beneficiation_reject
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Process: Water, fines and dust controls (controls)

Inputs

Product flows

Water and dust-control electricity (controls_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual settling/dewatering/recycle pumps or collector fans; no duplicated washing meter.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_controls_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_controls_power
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Sand-process wastewater transferred for treatment (wastewater)

Only actual purge/treatment transfer, with water volume and solids/salt/reagent assays. Environmental discharge requires its own destination volume and named chemical releases.

• Selected flow: Sand-process wastewater transferred for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_wastewater; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Elementary flows

Mineral PM10 to outdoor air (pm10_air)

Actual controlled extraction/haul/screen/dryer releases; moist material does not justify assumed zero; retain size and silica composition.

• Selected flow: Mineral PM10 to outdoor air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_pm10_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pm10_air
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Fossil carbon dioxide to outdoor air (co2_air)

Actual foreground combustion only, measured fuel/carbon and compatible factor; exclude duplicated upstream combustion and carbonate calcination absent that process.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_co2_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_co2_air
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Chloride released to receiving water (chloride_water)

Only actual saline wash/discharge route; identify receiving water and measure dissolved chloride concentration and net discharge volume, separating natural background.

• Selected flow: Chloride released to receiving water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_chloride_water; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_chloride_water
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Process: Net accepted sand loading (dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Sand-loading diesel (loading_diesel)

Actual accepted-product loader excluding separately metered dredging/hauling and downstream delivery outside gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_loading_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_loading_diesel
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Natural sand at the declared supply gate (final_product)

One natural-origin mineralogy and grade at specified actual moisture and processing state; exclude gravel/rejects/packaging.

• Selected flow: Natural sand at the declared supply gate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_output
• Sources: epa-sand-gravel-1995, ifc-construction-2007

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_hierarchy	joint production	Prefer process subdivision or defensible system expansion; otherwise use demonstrated physical causality. Use economic allocation only with consistent period, price, currency and sensitivity when physical causality is unavailable. Retain the unallocated inventory.	ef-allocation-2021
allocation_product	reference and co-products	Subdivide extraction, washing and industrial beneficiation where practical. Joint natural sand/gravel and grade outputs retain unallocated inventory and measured physical causality or justified alternative; dry-solid and economic sensitivities must use consistent grade/moisture periods. Charge development/rehabilitation once over measured lifetime accepted output. Slime or overburden destination does not automatically create a co-product or avoided-fill credit. No automatic zero burden for raw sand or internal recirculation.
allocation_waste	waste and recycling	Classify each output by physical state and actual fate. A sale does not automatically make a residue a co-product; internal recycling receives no avoided-product credit. Apply treatment burdens once.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_development_diesel	development	development_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_overburden	development	overburden	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Weigh matched-period transferred material and sample moisture/solids and actual mineral/chemical composition. Surveyed volumes require measured bulk density; reconcile recycling, stocks and final management fate without counting returned solids twice.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_quartz_resource	extraction	quartz_resource	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_extraction_diesel	extraction	extraction_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_extraction_power	extraction	extraction_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_supplied_raw_sand	washing	supplied_raw_sand	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_washing_power	washing	washing_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_wash_water	washing	wash_water	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_gravel_coproduct	washing	gravel_coproduct	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sand_slime	washing	sand_slime	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Weigh matched-period transferred material and sample moisture/solids and actual mineral/chemical composition. Surveyed volumes require measured bulk density; reconcile recycling, stocks and final management fate without counting returned solids twice.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_purification_power	purification	purification_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sodium_silicate	purification	sodium_silicate	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sulfuric_acid	purification	sulfuric_acid	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_dryer_natural_gas	purification	dryer_natural_gas	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_beneficiation_reject	purification	beneficiation_reject	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Weigh matched-period transferred material and sample moisture/solids and actual mineral/chemical composition. Surveyed volumes require measured bulk density; reconcile recycling, stocks and final management fate without counting returned solids twice.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_controls_power	controls	controls_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_wastewater	controls	wastewater	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	m3	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_pm10_air	controls	pm10_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_co2_air	controls	co2_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_chloride_water	controls	chloride_water	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Pair calibrated net discharge volume with representative dissolved-chloride samples for the same interval and receiving compartment. Chloride kg = concentration mg/L * discharged m3 / 1000; retain background sampling and report its subtraction separately with uncertainty.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_loading_diesel	dispatch	loading_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_output	dispatch	final_product	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Independently weigh accepted net loaded sand D with calibrated scale/weighbridge and reconcile dispatch, returns and stocks. Sample matched moisture on wet basis and sieve/mineral/chemical quality. Volume records require measured bulk density, compaction and moisture for that lot. Dry-mass records convert using the same matched w; do not substitute dry kg for as-received kg.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One declared natural sand grade, raw/washed/classified/dried and measured moisture, at net loaded supply gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalization	all cards	Exchange = attributable period quantity / D. Reconcile inventories and cancel internal transfers before aggregation.	cp_output; row-specific cp records	per 1 kg reference flow
physical_balance	production	D is independently measured positive accepted net as-received sand mass in kg at the gate, excluding packaging and rejects. Record moisture fraction w on an explicitly stated wet basis, with 0 <= w < 1; dry solids = D*(1-w), not a second denominator. Convert dry-record quantity to as-received only using matched measured moisture; volumetric sales require measured loose/compacted bulk density and moisture, not a universal sand density. Reconcile raw mineral dry solids, accepted grades, separately sold gravel, fines/slimes, stocks and releases; separately reconcile new water, inherent moisture, internal recycled water, evaporation and discharge.	Matched mass, volume, composition and stock measurements	Balance residual and uncertainty

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
representativeness	dataset	Use matching production and exchange periods, actual technology, geography and supplier state. Record startup, shutdown, seasonal variation and substitutions.	collection records
identity_and_ranges	all cards	Unresolved identities and missing independent range evidence remain explicit. Do not replace measurement by a guessed industry range or by missing-as-zero.	manifest review metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	final_product	Verify 1 kg, positive D, product state, property/unit and every required qualifier. Each dataset fixes one product and route.
validate_balance	site	D is independently measured positive accepted net as-received sand mass in kg at the gate, excluding packaging and rejects. Record moisture fraction w on an explicitly stated wet basis, with 0 <= w < 1; dry solids = D*(1-w), not a second denominator. Convert dry-record quantity to as-received only using matched measured moisture; volumetric sales require measured loose/compacted bulk density and moisture, not a universal sand density. Reconcile raw mineral dry solids, accepted grades, separately sold gravel, fines/slimes, stocks and releases; separately reconcile new water, inherent moisture, internal recycled water, evaporation and discharge.
validate_coverage	handoff	Verify each applicable exchange, its provider or environmental compartment and final waste fate; identify skipped checks, unresolved identities, missing measurements and upstream gaps. Errors or unassessed mandatory coverage cannot be labelled complete.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Supply 1 kg of qualified natural sand at declared moisture and grading; no equal-strength or end-use performance equivalence across grades
excluded_use	Manufactured sand from nonsand rock; recycled concrete aggregate; gravel as reference product; coated/resin-bonded foundry sand; synthetic silica; sand-containing mortar/concrete/glass and extraction services
required_metadata	site/year; terrestrial/river/lake/marine origin and permitted extraction reach; actual mineralogy and quartz/carbonate fractions; natural-grain provenance; extraction/processing route; sieve distribution and fines; purity and impurities; salinity/chloride; market grade; moisture and dry-solids basis; net loading gate; water source/return/basin; sediment and waste fate; allocation and lifetime-output basis
required_quality_disclosure	Identity and measurement gaps; boundary coverage; uncertainty; allocation; temporal and geographical representativeness
update_trigger	Changed product, route, yield, supply, waste fate, site or representative period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
epa-sand-gravel-1995	official_guidance	US EPA, AP-42 section 11.19.1 Sand and Gravel Processing, November 1995, original PDF pp.1–3, process description and construction-sand diagram. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c11s19-1.pdf	Natural construction and industrial sand extraction, washing, classification, dewatering and optional purification/drying; qualitative routes only, no historical size, moisture, solids or emission values adopted.
ifc-construction-2007	official_guidance	IFC, Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines for Construction Materials Extraction, 30 April 2007, sections 1.1 and Annex A. https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-construction-materials-extraction-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf	Quarry route, dust, water, waste and land scope; no universal consumption range.
cpc3-notes-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Classification scope only; no process quantities.
ef-allocation-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I section 4.5, consolidated 30 December 2021. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02021H2279-20211230	Multifunctionality hierarchy; not a claim of complete PEF conformity.