Clays

1. Scope and Applicability

Supply of kaolin/other kaolinic clays, bentonite, ball/fire/common clays and fuller’s earth, plus the refractory raw minerals andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, mullite and chamotte/dinas earths within the CPC category defined through HS 2507/2508. Cover one declared raw, dry-ground, wet-beneficiated, slurry, dried or actually calcined raw-material gate, including actual refractory-raw-material thermal conversion where applicable. Expanded clay and downstream shaped/fired ceramic or refractory articles are excluded. Distinguish integrated deposit extraction from standalone processing of supplied burden-bearing mineral. Clay varieties do not share a universal composition, washing yield, swelling/plasticity, water demand, chemical treatment or calcination route. Record each actual excavation/hydraulic/underground route, crushing/milling, blunging/classification, magnetic/flotation/chemical purification, dewatering, drying, activation, thermal conversion, grading and loading without requiring every operation. Refractory mineral separation and supplied alumina/silica routes use actual feed and phase assays; HS identity does not establish a synthesis recipe. Include attributable development/closure and water/dust/waste controls through the gate. epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.stone-sand-and-clay.clays
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:15400
covered_products	Clay raw materials and HS 2507/2508 refractory raw minerals, uncalcined or actually calcined, at fixed mineral identity, grade, moisture/slurry solids and gate
excluded_products	Expanded clays; shaped/fired bricks, tiles, ceramic or refractory articles; installed refractory systems; spent oily bleaching earth; bauxite/alumina as reference product; downstream formulated drilling mud/paint/cement and extraction services
representative_product	Kaolin at the declared raw-material gate
production_route	Deposit development and closure; Clay and refractory-mineral extraction; Mechanical preparation and grading; Wet purification and activation; Drying and refractory-raw-material thermal conversion; Water, residue and emissions management; Accepted mineral-product loading
market_state	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply 1 kg of specified clay/refractory raw material in its declared market state; no performance equivalence between swelling clay, coating kaolin and refractory minerals
How much	1 kg
How well	site/year; clay species or refractory mineral/phase identity and origin; actual extraction and beneficiation/activation/thermal route; uncalcined/calcined/slurry state; particle distribution, mineral/oxide/impurity assays; moisture and solids; relevant brightness/plasticity/swelling/adsorption/refractory grade evidence; carbonate and organic carbon, structural water and loss-on-ignition basis; actual loading gate; water basin/return; residue fate; allocation and lifetime output
How long or cycle	One gate supply within a declared production period
reference_flow_link	final_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Kaolin at the declared raw-material gate
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	site/year; clay species or refractory mineral/phase identity and origin; actual extraction and beneficiation/activation/thermal route; uncalcined/calcined/slurry state; particle distribution, mineral/oxide/impurity assays; moisture and solids; relevant brightness/plasticity/swelling/adsorption/refractory grade evidence; carbonate and organic carbon, structural water and loss-on-ignition basis; actual loading gate; water basin/return; residue fate; allocation and lifetime output

Declare all qualifiers in dataset metadata or reference-flow comments. The representative identity is usable only for its confirmed product state, geography and property; resolve a distinct flow for incompatible variants. It does not impose a default product composition.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_basis	final_product	Mass	kg	D is the positive accepted net gate-output total in kg. Exclude packaging and cancelled internal transfers. cp_output records D; every card uses per 1 kg reference flow.
conversion	utility and material rows	Declared row property	kg; m3; MJ	Retain raw readings. Electricity: 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Mass/volume conversion requires measured density, temperature and applicable pressure; retain water content and active chemical fraction.
category_balance	production	Mass	kg	D is independently weighed positive accepted net as-received loading mass in kg of one selected product state, excluding packaging, rejects and other saleable grades. Slurry D includes declared carrier water; record solids fraction separately. Wet-basis free moisture w has 0 <= w < 1; free-moisture-corrected solids = D*(1-w). Do not treat mineral structural water or calcination loss as free moisture. Dry/slurry conversions require matched measured solids/density and actual state. Reconcile mineral/oxide solids, impurities/rejects, additives, stock and thermal transformation separately from new water, circulation, evaporation and discharge. Actual dehydroxylation/phase conversion may change mass; no universal yield or loss-on-ignition factor and no automatic calcination CO2 from aluminosilicate alone.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Actual mineral deposit for integrated mining, or supplied clay/refractory mineral and actual separately sourced synthesis feed for standalone processing
starting_condition_role	Resource or supplied feed; declare which
product_classification_scope	Clay raw materials and HS 2507/2508 refractory raw minerals, uncalcined or actually calcined, at fixed mineral identity, grade, moisture/slurry solids and gate
recursive_input_rule	Purchased same-category material carries a distinct supplier dataset; internal recycling is a balance observation, not a new external input or credit.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link feed, electricity, fuels, chemicals, infrastructure and waste-management burdens; disclose any missing coverage.
disclosure	site/year; clay species or refractory mineral/phase identity and origin; actual extraction and beneficiation/activation/thermal route; uncalcined/calcined/slurry state; particle distribution, mineral/oxide/impurity assays; moisture and solids; relevant brightness/plasticity/swelling/adsorption/refractory grade evidence; carbonate and organic carbon, structural water and loss-on-ignition basis; actual loading gate; water basin/return; residue fate; allocation and lifetime output

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_operations	site	Supply of kaolin/other kaolinic clays, bentonite, ball/fire/common clays and fuller’s earth, plus the refractory raw minerals andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, mullite and chamotte/dinas earths within the CPC category defined through HS 2507/2508. Cover one declared raw, dry-ground, wet-beneficiated, slurry, dried or actually calcined raw-material gate, including actual refractory-raw-material thermal conversion where applicable. Expanded clay and downstream shaped/fired ceramic or refractory articles are excluded. Distinguish integrated deposit extraction from standalone processing of supplied burden-bearing mineral. Clay varieties do not share a universal composition, washing yield, swelling/plasticity, water demand, chemical treatment or calcination route. Record each actual excavation/hydraulic/underground route, crushing/milling, blunging/classification, magnetic/flotation/chemical purification, dewatering, drying, activation, thermal conversion, grading and loading without requiring every operation. Refractory mineral separation and supplied alumina/silica routes use actual feed and phase assays; HS identity does not establish a synthesis recipe. Include attributable development/closure and water/dust/waste controls through the gate.	epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007
boundary_partition	all exchanges	Include actual conditioning, storage, handling and pollution controls through the declared gate. Account for attributable construction and closure with a disclosed lifetime-output basis or justified exclusion and sensitivity. Separate purchased fuel supply from foreground combustion and purchased treatment from site releases.
boundary_completeness	inventory	Cards define individual likely exchanges and route conditions, not an exhaustive site audit. Add each actual absent chemical, waste, resource, land transformation and pollutant as its own row. Absence, measured zero and unknown must be distinguished.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
development	Deposit development and closure	conditional	Actual integrated mining and attributable rehabilitation	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
extraction	Clay and refractory-mineral extraction	conditional	Actual primary deposit extraction	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
mechanical	Mechanical preparation and grading	conditional	Actual crushing/grinding/blunging/separation	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
refining	Wet purification and activation	conditional	Actual grade-specific wet/chemical route	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
thermal	Drying and refractory-raw-material thermal conversion	conditional	Actual drying/calcining/conversion; not default for raw slurry	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
controls	Water, residue and emissions management	conditional	Actual control/treatment scope	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
dispatch	Accepted mineral-product loading	required	All declared product gates	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow

Process: Deposit development and closure (development)

Inputs

Product flows

Development and rehabilitation diesel (development_diesel)

Actual stripping/restoration, charged once over measured lifetime output.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_development_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_development_diesel
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Mineral-deposit overburden (overburden)

Actual stripped cover, with separate topsoil reuse and habitat-specific land exchanges.

• Selected flow: Mineral-deposit overburden
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_overburden; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_overburden
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Clay and refractory-mineral extraction (extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Mineral-extraction diesel (mining_diesel)

Actual excavation/hydraulic/underground haul machinery; no universal open-pit route.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mining_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mining_diesel
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Extraction machinery electricity (mining_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual hydraulic pumps or underground ventilation/handling; distinguish meters and route applicability.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mining_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mining_power
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

Kaolin resource in deposit (kaolin_resource)

Only confirmed primary kaolin resource; other clays and each refractory mineral need their own specific resource identity. No resource duplication under supplied feed.

• Selected flow: kaolin fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aab8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_kaolin_resource; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_kaolin_resource
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Mechanical preparation and grading (mechanical)

Inputs

Product flows

Supplied raw kaolin (supplied_kaolin)

Only standalone kaolin processing; other mineral feeds require separate named input cards and supplier burdens.

• Selected flow: Supplied raw kaolin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_supplied_kaolin; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_supplied_kaolin
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Supplied raw kyanite concentrate (supplied_kyanite)

Only actual refractory-mineral preparation or conversion from supplied kyanite; andalusite/sillimanite/chamotte/dinas feed are separate actual identities.

• Selected flow: Supplied raw kyanite concentrate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_supplied_kyanite; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_supplied_kyanite
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Mineral-preparation electricity (mechanical_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual crusher/mill/classifier/blunger or mineral-separation equipment; record grade-specific operations and meter allocation.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mechanical_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mechanical_power
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Purchased process make-up water (process_water)

Actual new purchased water for blunging/washing/slurry; direct abstraction has specific resource/basin rows, circulation cancels.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_process_water; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Wet purification and activation (refining)

Inputs

Product flows

Wet-purification electricity (refining_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual hydroclassification, magnetic/flotation separation, filters and dewatering; no duplicated mechanical meter.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_refining_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_refining_power
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Sulfuric acid reagent (sulfuric_acid)

Only actual sulfuric-acid refining; record delivered concentration and active mass and residue fate, not a universal clay reagent.

• Selected flow: Sulfuric acid reagent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sulfuric_acid; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sulfuric_acid
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Sodium dithionite bleaching reagent (sodium_dithionite)

Only actual confirmed sodium-dithionite route; source hydrosulfite terminology alone cannot establish salt identity/dose.

• Selected flow: Sodium dithionite bleaching reagent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sodium_dithionite; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sodium_dithionite
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Sodium carbonate activation reagent (sodium_carbonate)

Only actual bentonite soda-ash activation; quantify active fraction, retained reagent and water. Other additives each separate.

• Selected flow: Sodium carbonate activation reagent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sodium_carbonate; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sodium_carbonate
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Mineral-purification grit and impurity solids (refining_reject)

One actual mineral-impurity reject stream with measured composition and wet/dry basis; chemically different streams need separate cards.

• Selected flow: Mineral-purification grit and impurity solids
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_refining_reject; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_refining_reject
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Drying and refractory-raw-material thermal conversion (thermal)

Inputs

Product flows

Dryer natural gas (drying_gas)

Only actual gas-fired drying with composition/calorific basis; no assumed drying for slurry supplied wet. Each other fuel/heat is separate.

• Selected flow: Dryer natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_drying_gas; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_gas
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Calciner natural gas (calciner_gas)

Only actual gas-fired raw-material calcination/conversion distinct from drying; no standard temperature or gas dose.

• Selected flow: Calciner natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_calciner_gas; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_calciner_gas
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Thermal-conversion electricity (thermal_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual furnace or thermal auxiliaries, including only actual electrically produced mullite route; disclose furnace scope and duty.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_thermal_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_thermal_power
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Alumina synthesis feed (alumina_feed)

Only actual supplied alumina for refractory raw mullite synthesis; mineral-conversion routes need no invented alumina addition.

• Selected flow: Alumina synthesis feed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_alumina_feed; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_alumina_feed
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Silica synthesis feed (silica_feed)

Only actual supplied silica for refractory raw mullite synthesis, with measured phase/composition and supplier burdens, no fixed stoichiometric recipe.

• Selected flow: Silica synthesis feed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_silica_feed; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_silica_feed
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Rejected calcined mineral solids (thermal_reject)

Actual off-spec raw calcined material transferred to management; internal regrinding cancels and finished refractory article waste is outside gate.

• Selected flow: Rejected calcined mineral solids
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_thermal_reject; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_thermal_reject
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Water, residue and emissions management (controls)

Inputs

Product flows

Water and dust-control electricity (control_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual collectors, effluent treatment and recycle pumps; shared-meter allocation once.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_control_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_control_power
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Mineral collector dust transferred to disposal (filter_dust)

Actual captured dust transferred to management; internal reuse excluded, sold qualified mineral grade separate.

• Selected flow: Mineral collector dust transferred to disposal
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_filter_dust; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_filter_dust
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Mineral-process wastewater transferred for treatment (wastewater)

Actual treatment transfer with solids/pH/chemical assays and volume; direct environmental discharges need specific receiving compartment and species.

• Selected flow: Mineral-process wastewater transferred for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_wastewater; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

Mineral PM10 to outdoor air (pm10_air)

Actual extraction/milling/drying/calciner particulate releases after controls, with actual mineral composition and size; no assumed zero from wet operation.

• Selected flow: Mineral PM10 to outdoor air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_pm10_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pm10_air
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Fossil carbon dioxide to outdoor air (co2_air)

Actual foreground fossil fuel combustion only; mineral-carbonate decomposition and raw organic carbon need separate origin-specific CO2 records if actually present.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_co2_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_co2_air
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Mineral-dehydroxylation water vapor to air (structural_water_air)

Only actual structural-water release from raw-mineral thermal conversion; distinguish free water drying, measured phase change and other mass losses.

• Selected flow: Mineral-dehydroxylation water vapor to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_structural_water_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_structural_water_air
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Accepted mineral-product loading (dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Mineral-product loading diesel (loading_diesel)

Actual net accepted-product loading, excluding separately metered mining haul and downstream delivery outside gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_loading_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_loading_diesel
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Kaolin at the declared raw-material gate (final_product)

Representative kaolin product identity remains unresolved. Other clays and refractory raw minerals require actual specific product reference and matched state; resource kaolin never substitutes for a product UUID.

• Selected flow: Kaolin at the declared raw-material gate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_output
• Sources: epa-clay-1995, wco-hs25-2022, ifc-mining-2007

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_hierarchy	joint production	Prefer process subdivision or defensible system expansion; otherwise use demonstrated physical causality. Use economic allocation only with consistent period, price, currency and sensitivity when physical causality is unavailable. Retain the unallocated inventory.	ef-allocation-2021
allocation_product	reference and co-products	Subdivide mining, grade purification, slurry dispatch and thermal conversion where possible. Retain unallocated inventories for jointly separated grades and mineral by-products; justify physical causality or economic alternatives with consistent quality/moisture/period sensitivity. Purchased refractory mineral or synthesis feed carries its own upstream burden; no automatic burden-free residue assumption. Charge development/closure once over disclosed lifetime accepted output. Internal grit/slurry/dust recycling receives no duplicate new feed or automatic avoided-product credit.
allocation_waste	waste and recycling	Classify each output by physical state and actual fate. A sale does not automatically make a residue a co-product; internal recycling receives no avoided-product credit. Apply treatment burdens once.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_development_diesel	development	development_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_overburden	development	overburden	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_kaolin_resource	extraction	kaolin_resource	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mining_diesel	extraction	mining_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mining_power	extraction	mining_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_supplied_kaolin	mechanical	supplied_kaolin	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_supplied_kyanite	mechanical	supplied_kyanite	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mechanical_power	mechanical	mechanical_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_process_water	mechanical	process_water	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_refining_power	refining	refining_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sulfuric_acid	refining	sulfuric_acid	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Reconcile delivered net chemical/feed mass, concentration/active or mineral-phase assay, stock changes and actually retained/removed fraction; link supplier burden. Record each additive separately without assumed recipe or dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sodium_dithionite	refining	sodium_dithionite	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Reconcile delivered net chemical/feed mass, concentration/active or mineral-phase assay, stock changes and actually retained/removed fraction; link supplier burden. Record each additive separately without assumed recipe or dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sodium_carbonate	refining	sodium_carbonate	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Reconcile delivered net chemical/feed mass, concentration/active or mineral-phase assay, stock changes and actually retained/removed fraction; link supplier burden. Record each additive separately without assumed recipe or dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_refining_reject	refining	refining_reject	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_drying_gas	thermal	drying_gas	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_calciner_gas	thermal	calciner_gas	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_thermal_power	thermal	thermal_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_alumina_feed	thermal	alumina_feed	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Reconcile delivered net chemical/feed mass, concentration/active or mineral-phase assay, stock changes and actually retained/removed fraction; link supplier burden. Record each additive separately without assumed recipe or dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_silica_feed	thermal	silica_feed	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Reconcile delivered net chemical/feed mass, concentration/active or mineral-phase assay, stock changes and actually retained/removed fraction; link supplier burden. Record each additive separately without assumed recipe or dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_thermal_reject	thermal	thermal_reject	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_control_power	controls	control_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_filter_dust	controls	filter_dust	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_wastewater	controls	wastewater	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	m3	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_pm10_air	controls	pm10_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_co2_air	controls	co2_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_structural_water_air	controls	structural_water_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Use matched feed/product mineral-phase, free-water and thermal mass-loss assays, with actual throughput, captured/condensed water and measured gas moisture where available. Isolate structural water from free-water evaporation and carbon/other losses; document uncertainties and reconcile to post-conversion accepted D.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_loading_diesel	dispatch	loading_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_output	dispatch	final_product	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Independently weigh accepted net loaded kg D with calibrated scale/flow-weighing and reconcile stocks, returns and packaging. Record product species/phase and wet-basis free moisture or slurry solids; slurry volume converts with matched measured density. Calcined grades require post-conversion mass/phase and separate structural-water/carbon/loss assays, not raw-kaolin mass substitution.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One actual clay or refractory raw-mineral grade at loading, stating raw/beneficiated/slurry/dried/calcined status and measured moisture/solids	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalization	all cards	Exchange = attributable period quantity / D. Reconcile inventories and cancel internal transfers before aggregation.	cp_output; row-specific cp records	per 1 kg reference flow
physical_balance	production	D is independently weighed positive accepted net as-received loading mass in kg of one selected product state, excluding packaging, rejects and other saleable grades. Slurry D includes declared carrier water; record solids fraction separately. Wet-basis free moisture w has 0 <= w < 1; free-moisture-corrected solids = D*(1-w). Do not treat mineral structural water or calcination loss as free moisture. Dry/slurry conversions require matched measured solids/density and actual state. Reconcile mineral/oxide solids, impurities/rejects, additives, stock and thermal transformation separately from new water, circulation, evaporation and discharge. Actual dehydroxylation/phase conversion may change mass; no universal yield or loss-on-ignition factor and no automatic calcination CO2 from aluminosilicate alone.	Matched mass, volume, composition and stock measurements	Balance residual and uncertainty

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
representativeness	dataset	Use matching production and exchange periods, actual technology, geography and supplier state. Record startup, shutdown, seasonal variation and substitutions.	collection records
identity_and_ranges	all cards	Unresolved identities and missing independent range evidence remain explicit. Do not replace measurement by a guessed industry range or by missing-as-zero.	manifest review metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	final_product	Verify 1 kg, positive D, product state, property/unit and every required qualifier. Each dataset fixes one product and route.
validate_balance	site	D is independently weighed positive accepted net as-received loading mass in kg of one selected product state, excluding packaging, rejects and other saleable grades. Slurry D includes declared carrier water; record solids fraction separately. Wet-basis free moisture w has 0 <= w < 1; free-moisture-corrected solids = D*(1-w). Do not treat mineral structural water or calcination loss as free moisture. Dry/slurry conversions require matched measured solids/density and actual state. Reconcile mineral/oxide solids, impurities/rejects, additives, stock and thermal transformation separately from new water, circulation, evaporation and discharge. Actual dehydroxylation/phase conversion may change mass; no universal yield or loss-on-ignition factor and no automatic calcination CO2 from aluminosilicate alone.
validate_coverage	handoff	Verify each applicable exchange, its provider or environmental compartment and final waste fate; identify skipped checks, unresolved identities, missing measurements and upstream gaps. Errors or unassessed mandatory coverage cannot be labelled complete.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Supply 1 kg of specified clay/refractory raw material in its declared market state; no performance equivalence between swelling clay, coating kaolin and refractory minerals
excluded_use	Expanded clays; shaped/fired bricks, tiles, ceramic or refractory articles; installed refractory systems; spent oily bleaching earth; bauxite/alumina as reference product; downstream formulated drilling mud/paint/cement and extraction services
required_metadata	site/year; clay species or refractory mineral/phase identity and origin; actual extraction and beneficiation/activation/thermal route; uncalcined/calcined/slurry state; particle distribution, mineral/oxide/impurity assays; moisture and solids; relevant brightness/plasticity/swelling/adsorption/refractory grade evidence; carbonate and organic carbon, structural water and loss-on-ignition basis; actual loading gate; water basin/return; residue fate; allocation and lifetime output
required_quality_disclosure	Identity and measurement gaps; boundary coverage; uncertainty; allocation; temporal and geographical representativeness
update_trigger	Changed product, route, yield, supply, waste fate, site or representative period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
epa-clay-1995	official_guidance	US EPA, AP-42 section 11.25 Clay Processing, January 1995, original PDF pp.1–3 and 8. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c11s25.pdf	Clay-type-specific extraction, dry/wet mechanical processing, chemical purification and thermal conditioning; qualitative routes only, no historical yields, moisture, temperatures or emission factors adopted.
wco-hs25-2022	official_guidance	WCO, HS Nomenclature 2022, Chapter 25, original PDF p.2, headings 2507/2508. https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0525_2022e.pdf?la=en	Product boundary for CPC-defined clay headings, including refractory raw minerals and calcined states; not a process recipe or quantity source.
ifc-mining-2007	official_guidance	IFC, Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines for Mining, 10 December 2007, sections 1.1 and Annex A. https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-mining-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf	Mining water, wastes, emissions, development and closure; no product-specific default factors.
cpc3-notes-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Classification scope only; no process quantities.
ef-allocation-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I section 4.5, consolidated 30 December 2021. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02021H2279-20211230	Multifunctionality hierarchy; not a claim of complete PEF conformity.