Electrical energy

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages whose reference product is electrical energy under CPC 3.0 class 17100. It applies to electricity from a declared single generation technology, a portfolio or grid mix, and electricity delivered through a declared network. The package may end at net plant export or at a declared customer meter, but the selected boundary must be explicit and must remain consistent throughout the inventory.

The PCR is technology-neutral. It covers thermal, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, ocean, geothermal, electrochemical, and other generation routes, and declared combinations of those routes. It also covers alternating-current or direct-current electricity when the current form is declared. It does not prescribe a universal generation process UUID, emission factor, fuel rate, water rate, or loss rate because those values depend materially on technology, geography, voltage, supplier, and reference period.

Standalone transmission or distribution services, electrical equipment, energy-storage equipment, steam, hot water, and cold water are outside this product category. Electricity stored and subsequently delivered remains in scope only when the electricity output is the reference product and the storage technology, charging-electricity origin, losses, and regulation function are separately disclosed. Use of electricity after the declared customer meter is excluded.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.electricity-town-gas-steam-and-hot-water.electrical-energy
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 17100, Electrical energy, exact
covered_products	Electrical energy from any declared generation technology or mix, at net plant export or a declared metered delivery boundary; alternating or direct current as declared
excluded_products	Standalone grid services; electrical equipment; storage equipment as a product; steam, hot water, or cold water; electricity-use services beyond the declared meter
representative_product	One kilowatt-hour of net or delivered electrical energy at the declared boundary
production_route	Declared single technology, generation portfolio, supplier mix, or grid mix; transmission and distribution are conditional on the reference boundary
market_state	Net electricity exported from generation or electricity delivered at a declared voltage and meter, with geography, reference period, mix, losses, and contractual attributes disclosed

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Electrical energy at the declared net-generation or metered-delivery boundary
How much	1 kWh, equivalent to 3.6 MJ
How well	Net and metered; current form, voltage, generation technology or mix, geography or grid, delivery boundary, loss treatment, and contractual attributes are declared
How long or cycle	A representative reference period, normally one complete year; shorter periods require evidence of representativeness and disclosure of seasonal limitations
reference_flow_link	One unit of the TianGong product flow Electricity, qualified by the dataset-specific technology or mix, geography, voltage, boundary, and reference period

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kWh (3.6 MJ)
Reference product flow	Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
Reference flow property	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit group	Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kWh
Required qualifiers	generation technology or mix; geography or grid or supplier; alternating or direct current; voltage at the reference boundary; net plant export or customer-meter boundary; reference period; transmission and distribution loss treatment; infrastructure inclusion; contractual or tracking-instrument treatment

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comments, product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete for that package.

Role	Tiangong flow	Flow type	UUID	Flow property	Unit group	Preferred unit
Reference product	Electricity	Product flow	890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
measure_reference_energy	Reference product and all internal electricity exchanges	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh	Report electricity in kWh. Convert energy consistently using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and preserve unrounded meter values until final normalization.
measure_net_generation	Generation output	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh	Net generation equals gross generator output minus measured plant own-use attributable to electricity production over the same period. Do not mix gross and net quantities.
measure_delivered_energy	Customer-meter reference boundary	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh	Delivered electricity is the reconciled meter quantity at the declared boundary. Network input, delivered output, own use, imports, exports, and losses shall share the same period and network scope.
measure_mix_weighting	Multi-source generation or supplier/grid mix	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh	Weight constituent inventories by measured net generated or delivered kWh on the declared basis. Shares shall sum to 100% after documented rounding and shall not double-count contractual attributes.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Energy carriers, natural-energy capture, auxiliary materials, purchased electricity, water, and infrastructure products entering the declared electricity system
starting_condition_role	Category-variable technosphere inputs represented by reviewed upstream datasets and foreground quantities; no single universal carrier is implied
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 17100 electrical energy at net generation or declared metered delivery
recursive_input_rule	Purchased electricity used inside generation or networks is an input electricity dataset with its own declared mix and boundary; it is not silently replaced by the output dataset being constructed
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use reviewed and temporally, geographically, and technologically representative datasets for fuels, materials, water supply, purchased electricity, transport, waste treatment, and infrastructure
disclosure	Declare generation technologies and shares, geography, voltage, reference period, net or delivered boundary, loss treatment, infrastructure scope, co-products, and tracking instruments

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_upstream_supply	Upstream supply	Include extraction or capture, processing, and transport of energy carriers; production of auxiliary materials and purchased electricity; water supply; and treatment services used by the foreground system. Link these burdens through representative upstream datasets.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
boundary_generation_core	Electricity generation	Include plant operation, fuel or natural-energy conversion, plant own use, auxiliary consumption, maintenance, direct emissions, operational waste, and the life-cycle share of generation infrastructure.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
boundary_delivery_conditional	Transmission and distribution	When the reference product is delivered beyond net plant export, include electricity required to compensate for transmission and distribution losses, network operation and maintenance, direct releases, and the life-cycle share of grid infrastructure up to the declared meter.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
boundary_use_exclusion	Downstream use	Exclude the consumer's use of electricity and all processes after the declared customer meter. Do not exclude losses or grid stages that occur before that meter.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
boundary_cutoff_control	All included stages	Do not use a cut-off rule to omit a known hazardous, regulated, or potentially material flow. Any screened omission shall be quantified where practicable and disclosed with its expected significance; the retained model shall demonstrate at least 99% coverage of relevant mass, energy, and environmental significance when applying the source PCR's 1% screening rule.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
upstream_supply	Upstream supply of energy carriers, auxiliaries, water, and services	required	Always included; the applicable input set depends on the declared generation technology or mix	Supply reviewed upstream product and service datasets to the foreground electricity system	Quantities normalized to 1 kWh at the declared reference boundary
electricity_generation	Electricity generation and plant operation	required	Always included	Convert declared energy resources into net electricity and record plant operation, infrastructure, emissions, wastes, and co-products	Measured net electricity over the reference period, normalized to the reference flow
transmission_distribution	Transmission and distribution to the declared meter	conditional	Include when the reference boundary is downstream of net plant export	Reconcile network inputs, delivered output, losses, network operation, and grid infrastructure	1 kWh delivered at the declared voltage and meter

Process: Upstream supply of energy carriers, auxiliaries, water, and services (upstream_supply)

Inputs

Product flows

Upstream product and service requirements (upstream_requirements)

Record each technology-relevant energy carrier, auxiliary material, water supply, purchased electricity, transport service, waste-treatment service, and infrastructure product as a separate linked input. Do not collapse unlike inputs into a generic mass or energy total.

• Selected flow: Dataset-specific reviewed product or service flow
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property and unit; energy carriers shall additionally retain the recorded quantity needed for energy conversion
• Amount rule: Sum supplier, invoice, stock-change, and meter records for the reference period; reconcile opening and closing stocks; normalize each input to the reference electricity output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: One kWh at the declared electricity reference boundary
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_input_records
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Outputs

Product flows

Linked upstream supply (linked_upstream_supply)

Pass the separately identified upstream products and services, including their reviewed upstream burdens, to the generation or network process without combining their identities.

• Selected flow: Same product or service flows as the linked upstream input datasets
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property and unit
• Amount rule: Equal to the reconciled amount required by the receiving foreground process
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: One kWh at the declared electricity reference boundary
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_input_records
• Sources:

Process: Electricity generation and plant operation (electricity_generation)

Inputs

Product flows

Generation energy and auxiliary inputs (generation_inputs)

Record each fuel, feed, reactant, purchased electricity, auxiliary material, water input, and operational service that crosses the plant boundary. Natural-energy capture with no purchased quantity is described in technology metadata rather than assigned a fabricated technosphere amount.

• Selected flow: Technology-specific product and service flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property and unit; fuels shall retain mass or volume and net calorific value needed for energy accounting
• Amount rule: Reconcile supplier, meter, operational, and stock records over the reference period and normalize by net electricity output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Net electricity generated during the same reference period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_generation_inputs
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2; ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion

Plant own-use electricity (plant_own_use)

Record electricity consumed by generation auxiliaries and plant services on the same gross-meter boundary and period used for the output calculation. Separately identify imported electricity and internally generated electricity.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered plant own-use attributable to electricity production; use the co-generation allocation rule when shared with useful heat
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Net electricity generated during the same reference period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_generation_metering
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Generation infrastructure and maintenance (generation_infrastructure)

Record plant construction, replacement, maintenance, and decommissioning inputs by material or component and amortize them over measured lifetime net generation. Scenario-dependent end-of-life treatment shall be explicit.

• Selected flow: Technology- and site-specific infrastructure, maintenance, and treatment flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property and unit
• Amount rule: Installed or replaced quantity multiplied by the included life-cycle share and divided by lifetime net generation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Lifetime net electricity generation allocated to the declared product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_infrastructure_records
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Outputs

Product flows

Net electricity output (net_electricity_output)

This is the quantitative reference at a net plant-export boundary and the network input at a downstream delivery boundary. The generic identity is qualified in the data package; it does not imply a universal technology or geography.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Gross generator output minus measured plant own-use attributable to electricity production; normalize to 1 kWh at plant export or to the amount required for 1 kWh delivered
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_generation_metering
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
• Range: Reference output identity
  • Range role: Allowed value (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: Net plant-export reference flow when no downstream network is included
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Useful co-product output (useful_coproduct)

Record useful exported heat, steam, or another co-product separately whenever it leaves the generation process. Do not treat internal heat or rejected heat without a market or useful function as a co-product.

• Selected flow: Co-product-specific product flow
• Flow property / unit: Co-product-specific property and unit
• Amount rule: Metered net co-product delivered outside the process, excluding internal use and unrecovered losses
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Net electricity generated during the same reference period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_metering
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Waste flows

Operational residues and wastes (generation_waste)

Record ash, sludge, spent catalysts, treatment residues, radioactive waste, and other technology-relevant wastes separately by destination and treatment route. A residual with a documented useful product function shall be modelled as a co-product, not simultaneously as waste.

• Selected flow: Waste-specific flow by treatment destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg unless a more appropriate reviewed property is required
• Amount rule: Weighed shipment or reconciled waste record for the reference period, less documented stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Net electricity generated during the same reference period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Elementary flows

Direct releases and resource withdrawals (direct_releases)

Record measured or calculated releases to air, water, and soil and direct resource withdrawals as separate elementary flows. Combustion emissions may be calculated from fuel energy and a source-backed factor when representative facility measurements are unavailable.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific elementary flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, or the reviewed flow-specific property and unit
• Amount rule: Prefer facility monitoring; otherwise apply a documented calculation to reconciled activity data and retain factor provenance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Net electricity generated during the same reference period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_releases
• Sources: ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion; epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Process: Transmission and distribution to the declared meter (transmission_distribution)

Inputs

Product flows

Electricity entering the declared network (network_input_electricity)

Record the reconciled electricity entering the included network. For a mix, maintain the identity and kWh share of each source before aggregation.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered imports plus included generation, adjusted for stock or storage changes where applicable, required to deliver the reference kWh
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: One kWh delivered at the declared meter
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_network_metering
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Network infrastructure and operation (network_infrastructure)

Record substations, lines or cables, transformers, maintenance materials, replacement equipment, operational energy, and decommissioning by the declared network scope and voltage level.

• Selected flow: Network-specific infrastructure, maintenance, energy, and treatment flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property and unit
• Amount rule: Allocate included asset and operational quantities to electricity delivered over the corresponding asset life or reference period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: One kWh delivered at the declared voltage and meter
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_network_records
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Outputs

Product flows

Delivered electricity (delivered_electricity)

This is the quantitative reference when the declared boundary is a customer meter. Voltage and network scope shall match the loss and infrastructure data.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Fixed at 1 kWh of reconciled metered delivery; required network input is calculated from the measured balance and losses
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: Declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
• Range: Reference output identity
  • Range role: Allowed value (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: Delivered electricity at the declared customer meter
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Elementary flows

Direct network releases (network_releases)

Record network-related releases such as insulating-gas leakage or oil releases by substance and compartment when applicable. Zero shall be reported only when supported by a complete inventory boundary and evidence.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific elementary flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, or the reviewed flow-specific property and unit
• Amount rule: Reconcile monitoring, maintenance, purchase, recovery, and stock records over the reference period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: One kWh delivered at the declared meter
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_network_records
• Sources: epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoidance	Multi-output processes	First avoid allocation by subdividing separately metered processes or by expanding the system only when a reviewed study goal and applicable programme rules permit the substitution claim. Preserve all inputs and outputs without double counting or omission.	eu-pef-2021-2279; epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
allocation_physical_then_economic	Residual multi-output burden	If allocation cannot be avoided, apply a causal physical relationship. Use economic allocation only when a physical relationship cannot reasonably represent burden causality, and disclose prices, reference period, currency, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279; epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
allocation_chp_alternative_generation	Combined heat and power	For useful electricity and heat, allocate the shared burden by the Alternative Generation Method: electricity share = (E_net / eta_e) / [(E_net / eta_e) + (H_net / eta_h)]. Use net measured outputs and documented reference efficiencies; assign exclusive equipment 100% to the product it serves and apply the formula only to shared equipment and burdens.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
allocation_waste_and_coproduct_identity	Residues and recovered outputs	Classify each output once. A useful product with a documented function and destination is a co-product; a flow sent for waste treatment is waste. Do not credit an avoided product unless system expansion is explicitly permitted and documented.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_input_records	upstream_supply	Upstream product and service requirements	Supplier, invoice, stock, transport, and service records	flow identity; supplier; quantity; unit; opening stock; closing stock; origin; date; linked dataset	Reconcile purchases, production, stock change, and transfers; retain separate flow identities	Flow-specific	At least monthly, aggregated for reporting	Same representative period as electricity output	All included suppliers and facilities	Sum by identical flow, supplier, geography, and quality; do not net unlike flows	Invoices, meter exports, stock reconciliation, supplier evidence, and dataset links
cp_generation_inputs	electricity_generation	Generation energy and auxiliary inputs	Plant meters, invoices, batch logs, stock records, and laboratory records	flow identity; quantity; unit; NCV where relevant; supplier; meter; timestamp; stock change	Reconcile meter and mass-balance records against production logs	Flow-specific	Continuous or per batch, aggregated monthly	Complete declared reference period	All generating units included in the dataset	Sum consistent records; keep units and technologies separately identifiable before normalization	Calibrated meters, invoices, calibration certificates, stock balance, and responsible-person sign-off
cp_generation_metering	electricity_generation	Gross, own-use, net, and co-generated electricity	Revenue meters, generator meters, and auxiliary meters	meter id; gross output; own use; imports; exports; unit; timestamp; voltage; current form	Use synchronized meter readings and reconcile gross minus attributable own use to net output	kWh	Continuous, aggregated monthly	Complete declared reference period	Every included generator and auxiliary boundary	Sum only readings with aligned boundaries and periods; document replacements and gaps	Meter class, calibration status, raw exports, reconciliation, and gap-filling log
cp_infrastructure_records	electricity_generation	Generation infrastructure and maintenance	Asset register, bills of materials, maintenance and decommissioning plans	asset or material; quantity; unit; commission date; life; replacement; end-of-life route	Reconcile installed and replaced assets to engineering records and amortize over lifetime net generation	Flow-specific	At commissioning and each material change	Asset life, linked to the dataset reference period	All material generation assets inside the declared boundary	Allocate exclusive assets directly; amortize shared assets consistently with section 7	Asset register, engineering drawings, procurement records, and lifetime rationale
cp_coproduct_metering	electricity_generation	Useful co-product output	Heat, steam, or product meter and delivery records	product identity; net delivered amount; unit; timestamp; customer or destination; internal use	Reconcile gross output, internal use, and external delivery on the same period	Product-specific	Continuous or per shipment, aggregated monthly	Complete declared reference period	Every useful co-product leaving included units	Aggregate by identical product and quality; keep non-useful rejected heat separate	Meter calibration, delivery records, and customer acceptance
cp_waste_records	electricity_generation	Operational residues and wastes	Weighbridge tickets, manifests, laboratory classification, and stock records	waste identity; hazard class; mass; destination; treatment; date; opening and closing stock	Reconcile shipments and stock change; preserve destination and treatment identity	kg	Per shipment, aggregated monthly	Complete declared reference period	All included units and waste stores	Sum only identical waste and treatment routes	Manifests, weighbridge calibration, permits, laboratory results, and contractor receipts
cp_direct_releases	electricity_generation	Direct releases and resource withdrawals	Continuous monitoring, stack tests, water tests, permits, fuel records, and calculation sheets	substance; compartment; amount; unit; method; detection limit; timestamp; activity; factor	Prefer facility measurement; otherwise calculate from reconciled activity and documented representative factors	kg or flow-specific	Continuous, test campaign, or calculation period appropriate to the source	Complete declared reference period, with campaigns shown representative	Every included emission point and direct withdrawal	Sum by substance and compartment; treat non-detects and missing periods explicitly	Calibration, laboratory accreditation, method, factor source, calculation workbook, and coverage statement
cp_network_metering	transmission_distribution	Network input, delivery, import, export, own use, and losses	Boundary and customer meter records	meter id; network level; input; output; import; export; own use; timestamp; voltage	Reconcile the energy balance over identical network scope and time	kWh	Continuous, aggregated monthly	Complete declared reference period	Entire declared network route to the meter	Network input minus delivery, exports, and own use equals accounted losses after documented adjustments	Meter class, calibration, raw exports, reconciliation, and loss-adjustment log
cp_network_records	transmission_distribution	Network assets, maintenance, energy, and releases	Asset register, maintenance logs, gas and oil records, procurement, and decommissioning plans	asset or substance; quantity; unit; voltage; route; life; stock; recovery; release; date	Reconcile assets and substances to the declared voltage and network scope	Flow-specific	At event and annually	Asset life and complete declared reference period	Entire declared network route	Amortize assets over delivered electricity; calculate stock losses from complete opening, purchase, recovery, and closing records	Asset register, maintenance work orders, purchase and recovery records, calibration, and lifetime rationale

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_generation	electricity_generation	Net electricity = gross generator output - plant own-use attributable to electricity. Reconcile imports and exports separately and use aligned meter periods.	gross output; attributable plant own use; imports; exports	net electricity output	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
calc_delivery_balance	transmission_distribution	Accounted network loss = network input + imports - exports - delivered electricity - network own use - storage increase + storage decrease. Scale generation and upstream burdens to the network input needed for 1 kWh delivered.	network input; imports; exports; delivered electricity; own use; storage change	loss and required input per delivered kWh	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
calc_inventory_normalization	All foreground inventory rows	Normalized amount = reconciled period amount / reference-period net or delivered electricity, then multiplied by 1 kWh. Keep calculation precision and round only reported values.	reconciled flow amount; reference-period electricity output	flow amount per reference kWh	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
calc_combustion_emissions	Fuel combustion direct releases	For each fuel and GHG, emission = fuel consumption on a net-calorific-value energy basis x representative emission factor. Prefer facility measurements and technology-specific factors; retain fuel, NCV, factor, oxidation or control assumptions, and units.	fuel quantity; net calorific value; emission factor; measurement or control parameters	emission by substance	ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion
calc_generation_mix	Multi-source electricity	Mix inventory = sum of each constituent inventory x its measured kWh share. Shares use the same net-generation or delivered basis and period and sum to 100% after documented rounding.	constituent inventories; constituent kWh; total kWh	declared electricity-mix inventory	eu-pef-2021-2279; epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
calc_chp_allocation	Combined heat and power	Electricity allocation share = (E_net / eta_e) / [(E_net / eta_e) + (H_net / eta_h)]. Apply the complementary share to useful heat; allocate exclusive assets directly.	net electricity; net useful heat; reference electrical efficiency; reference thermal efficiency	burden shares for electricity and useful heat	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
calc_infrastructure_amortization	Generation and network infrastructure	Per-kWh infrastructure amount = included asset quantity x allocation share / lifetime net generation or lifetime delivered electricity corresponding to that asset.	asset quantity; included life-cycle share; allocation share; lifetime electricity	infrastructure amount per kWh	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_temporal	All foreground data	Use a complete and representative reference period, normally one year. Explain outages, abnormal dispatch, curtailment, seasonal bias, estimated gaps, and any shorter period.	Timestamped raw records, coverage table, operating log, and representativeness rationale
dq_geographical	Generation mix, fuel supply, and networks	Match the declared plant, supplier, country or sub-national grid, and voltage. For China, prefer a representative sub-national grid mix when the delivery scope is grid electricity.	Facility and meter locations, supplier evidence, grid boundary, and geographic dataset metadata
dq_technological	Generation and control technology	Match fuel, conversion technology, unit efficiency, pollution controls, storage, infrastructure, and operating mode; do not use a narrow technology process as a universal CPC 17100 default.	Unit configuration, process description, permits, commissioning year, and technology-specific dataset metadata
dq_metering_and_balance	Electricity and co-product quantities	Use calibrated or legally controlled meters where applicable and demonstrate gross-to-net, network, and co-product balances on aligned boundaries and periods.	Calibration evidence, raw meter exports, reconciliation workbook, and signed exception log
dq_source_traceability	Secondary datasets, factors, and contractual attributes	Record source, version or date, geography, technology, licence or access, selection rationale, and any modification. Supplier-specific electricity claims require qualifying contractual or tracking evidence and prevention of double counting.	Dataset metadata, factor sheets, contracts or instruments, quality-criteria assessment, and residual-mix check
dq_completeness	Inventory boundary	Include all known material, energy, emission, waste, infrastructure, and delivery stages required by section 5. Quantify and justify omissions and explain zero values.	Completeness checklist, mass and energy balances, permit comparison, and omission log

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Confirm that the product flow, flow property, unit group, and kWh unit match section 3; confirm all required qualifiers and the CPC 17100 boundary are declared.	un-cpc-3-0; tiangong-identity-query
validate_energy_balance	Generation and delivery	Confirm gross minus attributable plant own-use equals net generation, and confirm the delivery balance closes within documented meter uncertainty. Reject mixed periods, voltage scopes, or gross/net bases.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
validate_mix_and_attributes	Electricity mix	Confirm constituent kWh shares sum to 100%, each constituent has compatible boundaries and periods, and contractual attributes are not counted in both supplier-specific and residual/grid mixes.	eu-pef-2021-2279; ghg-protocol-scope-2
validate_inventory_completeness	System boundary and inventory	Reconcile fuel and auxiliary records, direct releases, wastes, plant infrastructure, and conditional network stages against permits, meters, asset records, and the completeness statement.	epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2; iea-energy-statistics-manual
validate_allocation	Multi-output processes	Confirm the allocation hierarchy is followed, all inputs and outputs are conserved, CHP formula inputs are documented, exclusive equipment is assigned directly, and sensitivity is disclosed for consequential choices.	eu-pef-2021-2279; epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2
validate_sources_and_period	Evidence package	Confirm every secondary dataset and factor is identifiable and representative, the foreground reference period is complete, estimates and data gaps are visible, and confidential records remain auditable.	iea-energy-statistics-manual; ghg-protocol-scope-2

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground data package for generation or delivery of electrical energy; after review it may support a process, lifecycle model, secondary dataset, or background electricity dataset
downstream_use	Product and organizational LCA, footprinting, supply-chain modelling, energy-system studies, and downstream process inventories requiring electricity at a declared boundary
allowed_use	Use when generation technology or mix, geography or supplier, voltage, reference boundary, period, losses, infrastructure, and contractual attributes match the study
excluded_use	Do not use as an undeclared global average, as a substitute for a route- or voltage-specific dataset, for electricity-use processes beyond the meter, or for supplier-specific claims without qualifying contractual evidence
required_metadata	PCR id; CPC 17100; flow UUID; technology or mix and shares; geography, grid, or supplier; current form; voltage; reference boundary; reference period; net or delivered basis; loss and infrastructure scope; co-products and allocation; data sources and versions
required_quality_disclosure	Meter coverage and calibration; data gaps and estimation; temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness; energy balances; cut-offs; allocation; uncertainty or sensitivity; contractual-instrument and residual-mix treatment
update_trigger	Material change in generation technology, fuel or resource supply, mix shares, plant performance, pollution control, grid route or voltage, losses, infrastructure, co-products, allocation, emission factors, contractual instruments, or reference period

11. Data Sources

source_id	type	reference	used_for
un-cpc-3-0	Standard (standard)	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, class 17100 Electrical energy, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/cpc	Product-category identity and category boundary
epd-pcr-2007-08-v5-0-2	Standard (standard)	EPD International, PCR 2007:08 Electricity, steam and hot/cold water generation and distribution, version 5.0.2, 2026-05-04, https://www.environdec.com/pcr-library/pcr2007-08	Functional unit, boundary, infrastructure, losses, data requirements, allocation, and validation rules
eu-pef-2021-2279	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30	Electricity-mix hierarchy, residual mix and double-counting controls, and allocation hierarchy
ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion	Official guidance (official_guidance)	IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2, Chapter 2 Stationary Combustion, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf	Fuel-energy conversion and direct-combustion emission calculation method
ghg-protocol-scope-2	Standard (standard)	GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance, https://ghgprotocol.org/scope-2-guidance	Contractual-instrument quality, supplier-specific claims, disclosure, and double-counting controls
iea-energy-statistics-manual	Handbook (handbook)	International Energy Agency, Energy Statistics Manual, https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-statistics-manual	Energy-balance completeness, source consistency, and statistical data-quality checks
tiangong-identity-query	Dataset (dataset)	TianGong LCA data service queried with the sibling tiangong-cli; public flow, flow-property, unit-group, and process records checked at authoring time	Identity evidence only; no database version is pinned and no process amount is adopted as a universal default