Watch or clock movements

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to the cradle-to-factory-gate production of watch or clock movements: devices that produce and maintain a recurring phenomenon and count time, and complete movement sets containing the parts necessary to assemble such a device. It covers mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic or quartz movements, whether supplied assembled, partly assembled, or as a declared complete set.

The product boundary excludes complete watches and clocks; cases, dials, hands, glasses, crowns, straps, bands, and other external parts sold separately; individual movement parts sold separately; batteries sold separately from a movement; time switches and time-recording apparatus; repair services; distribution; installation in a finished watch or clock; use; and end of life. When a battery, dial, or hands are supplied with the movement, their inclusion is declared and their foreground input is recorded. The declared product state and component completeness determine which conditional processes and rows apply.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.watch-or-clock-movements
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48440 — Watch or clock movements
covered_products	Complete assembled watch movements; complete assembled clock movements; electromechanical and electronic/quartz movements; complete movement sets supplied unassembled or partly assembled
excluded_products	Complete watches and clocks; cases, dials, hands, glasses, crowns, straps, bands, and other separately marketed parts; separately marketed batteries; time switches and time-recording apparatus; incomplete or rough component sets that cannot count time without missing functional parts
representative_product	A conforming complete movement at the factory gate, represented on a mass basis
production_route	Purchased or in-house component fabrication; conditional precision cleaning or finishing; mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic/quartz assembly; adjustment and functional testing; dispatch packaging
market_state	Factory-gate movement or declared complete movement set; assembly state, watch-versus-clock dimensional class, regulating system, display provision, battery inclusion, calibre, and packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A marketable watch or clock movement capable of maintaining and counting time, or a declared complete movement set capable of becoming that device by assembly
How much	1 kg net mass of conforming movement product, excluding returnable transport packaging
How well	Meets the producer's declared calibre, dimensional class, regulating system, display interface, accuracy or functional test, assembly state, and component-completeness specification
How long or cycle	One factory-gate production lot; the use-phase service duration is outside this cradle-to-gate reference
reference_flow_link	reference_movement

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Watch or clock movement
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	movement class (watch or clock); regulating system (mechanical, electromechanical, electronic/quartz, or other declared); calibre and principal dimensions; assembly state and completeness; display interface or display included; battery included or excluded; accuracy and test specification; net product mass; factory geography; technology and reporting period; primary and transport packaging inclusion

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
mu_reference_mass	reference product and all mass-normalized inventory	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine net movement mass after final acceptance and before adding returnable transport packaging. Normalize all process exchanges to 1 kg of conforming reference output.
mu_item_to_mass	item-count records for movements, batteries, and packages	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert item counts using measured lot-average mass for the exact calibre, battery specification, or package; retain count, sample size, measured mass, and conversion factor. Do not use a generic count-to-mass factor.
mu_electricity_energy	purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve the metered electricity quantity and conversion provenance. When source records are in kWh, convert to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ without changing the supplier mix, voltage, geography, or loss boundary.
mu_water_mass	process water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer measured mass. If volume is metered, record temperature or the declared density factor and convert volume to mass; do not assume density silently.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary begins with purchased metals, finished movement components, electronic components, lubricants, cleaning media, electricity, water, batteries supplied with the movement, and packaging at the manufacturing site gate. It includes in-house component fabrication when performed, precision cleaning or finishing when performed, movement assembly, adjustment and functional testing, reject handling up to the first waste-treatment handoff, and dispatch packaging. Upstream production is represented by supplier-specific or geographically and technologically representative datasets. Capital equipment, employee travel, retail, installation into complete watches or clocks, use, repair, and end of life are outside the default foreground boundary unless the study goal explicitly includes them.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_product_boundary	product identity	Include only the time-counting movement or complete movement set; exclude finished watches or clocks, cases, separately marketed external parts, and time-recording apparatus. Declare watch-versus-clock class and assembly state.	usitc-hts-chapter-91-2013; un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
sb_route_boundary	foreground manufacturing	Include the actual in-house component, cleaning, assembly, testing, and packaging operations; mark a conditional operation not applicable only with site records showing it was not performed for the reported product.	eta-movement-production-sites; us-epa-snap-precision-cleaning; eta-quartz-overview-2017
sb_upstream_boundary	purchased inputs	Link every purchased atomic input to a supplier-specific or representative upstream dataset that matches material grade or component specification, geography, technology, and delivered state.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
sb_no_silent_cutoff	inventory completeness	Record every measured material, energy, water, waste, and direct elementary exchange within the declared foreground processes. Any exclusion requires a quantitative materiality check and disclosure; absence of a UUID is not a cut-off reason.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased raw metals and components at the factory gate, with supplier, material or component specification, delivered mass, geography, and upstream dataset identity declared
starting_condition_role	upstream product inputs to the movement-manufacturing foreground system
product_classification_scope	Watch or clock movements and complete movement sets; individual parts and finished watches or clocks are outside the canonical product boundary
recursive_input_rule	If a purchased complete movement or complete movement set in this same product category crosses the boundary, record it once as a supplied product input with its upstream dataset and do not recursively decompose it; disclose the mass share and role in the final output.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific datasets when available; otherwise use geographically, technologically, compositionally, and temporally representative datasets for every purchased input.
disclosure	Declare component make-or-buy share; movement class; regulating system; calibre; assembly and completeness state; battery, display, dial, and hands inclusion; in-house cleaning or finishing; test specification; reject treatment; packaging; geography; technology; and reporting period.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
component_fabrication	Movement component fabrication	conditional	Include when plates, bridges, gears, shafts, springs, or comparable movement parts are fabricated at the reporting site.	foreground component production	kg accepted fabricated components
precision_cleaning	Precision cleaning of movement components	conditional	Include when aqueous or solvent cleaning crosses the reporting boundary before assembly or finishing.	foreground component cleaning	kg cleaned components
movement_assembly	Movement or complete-set assembly	conditional	Include for assembled or partly assembled products; for an unassembled complete set, record component completeness and omit only operations not performed.	foreground product assembly	kg assembled movement or complete set
adjustment_testing	Adjustment, inspection, and functional testing	required	Applies to each marketable movement or complete movement set using the declared acceptance specification.	foreground quality assurance	kg conforming accepted movements or sets
dispatch_packaging	Dispatch packaging	required	Applies to the product state leaving the factory gate; individual packaging inputs are conditional on actual use.	foreground dispatch preparation	1 kg reference movement output

Process: Movement component fabrication (component_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Stainless-steel feedstock (component_stainless_steel)

Record stainless steel only when it is physically consumed in in-house movement component fabrication; declare alloy grade and delivered form.

• Selected flow: Stainless steel 84c2403f-5062-5d68-8276-838384d32b89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net receipts issued to movement component fabrication, adjusted for stock change and returned offcuts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_fabrication_records

Brass feedstock (component_brass)

Record brass consumed for plates, wheels, bridges, or other in-house components; declare alloy grade and delivered form.

• Selected flow: Brass e422cfbf-5444-43ab-a68a-22be82e2ad47
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net receipts issued to movement component fabrication, adjusted for stock change and returned offcuts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_fabrication_records

Fabrication electricity (component_electricity)

Record electricity delivered to machining, stamping, forming, deburring, polishing, and directly attributable local support equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered electricity or allocated meter total for the component-fabrication work centre
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_fabrication_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Fabricated movement components (component_output_parts)

Record accepted plates, bridges, gears, and shafts transferred to cleaning or assembly.

• Selected flow: Manufactured precision movement components (plates, bridges, gears, and shafts) b22494b2-5115-4392-9850-51e046ce6d91
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted component mass transferred from fabrication
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_fabrication_records

Waste flows

Machining scrap (component_metal_scrap)

Record segregated shavings, turnings, and offcuts leaving component fabrication; disclose alloy segregation and destination.

• Selected flow: Metal scrap, shavings and turnings 2a5ca712-1e70-48bf-b665-e6d49a55f3cb
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass at handoff, reconciled with input, accepted output, stock change, and other documented losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_fabrication_records

Elementary flows

Process: Precision cleaning of movement components (precision_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Components entering cleaning (cleaning_input_components)

Record fabricated or purchased movement components entering the declared cleaning operation.

• Selected flow: Manufactured precision movement components (plates, bridges, gears, and shafts) b22494b2-5115-4392-9850-51e046ce6d91
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured component mass entering precision cleaning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Cleaning process water (cleaning_process_water)

Record process water delivered to aqueous cleaning or rinsing; declare source, quality, and any recirculation.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered make-up water less separately metered water returned without entering the cleaning system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Isopropanol cleaning solvent (cleaning_isopropanol)

Record isopropanol make-up entering precision cleaning; declare purity and recovered-solvent fraction.

• Selected flow: Isopropanol a4a75541-e156-4e30-947c-ba067a682afd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchases plus opening stock minus closing stock, off-site returns, and recovered solvent transferred out
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Cleaning electricity (cleaning_electricity)

Record electricity for aqueous cleaning, ultrasonic equipment, solvent systems, drying, and directly attributable extraction.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered electricity or allocated cleaning work-centre meter total
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cleaned movement components (cleaning_output_components)

Record the foreground intermediate transferred from cleaning to assembly with its cleanliness specification.

• Selected flow: Cleaned precision movement components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dry mass of accepted components leaving cleaning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Waste flows

Metal-bearing cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

Record the aqueous waste leaving cleaning before on-site or off-site treatment; declare measured metals, oil, and solvent indicators used for treatment routing.

• Selected flow: Metal-bearing process wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered discharge volume or verified cleaning-system water balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Spent isopropanol cleaning solvent (cleaning_spent_isopropanol)

Record spent isopropanol transferred to solvent recovery or waste treatment separately from aqueous wastewater.

• Selected flow: Spent isopropanol cleaning solvent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured container mass at waste handoff, net of tare
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_precision_cleaning_records

Elementary flows

Process: Movement or complete-set assembly (movement_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaned components entering assembly (assembly_input_cleaned_components)

Record cleaned plates, bridges, gears, shafts, springs, escapement parts, and other components as one defined foreground component-set intermediate, not as a substitute for separately purchased components.

• Selected flow: Cleaned precision movement components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dry component-set mass issued to assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records

Quartz crystal resonator (assembly_quartz_resonator)

Record the fabricated resonator only for electronic or quartz movement routes; raw quartz is not an acceptable substitute.

• Selected flow: Quartz crystal resonator
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass issued to conforming electronic or quartz movement lots, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming electronic or quartz reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records
• Sources: eta-quartz-overview-2017

Movement-control integrated circuit (assembly_integrated_circuit)

Record the integrated circuit only for electronic or quartz routes that use it; declare package and control function.

• Selected flow: Integrated circuit for quartz movement control
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass issued to conforming electronic or quartz movement lots, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming electronic or quartz reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records
• Sources: eta-quartz-overview-2017

Precision movement lubricant (assembly_lubricant)

Record the specific synthetic oil or grease applied to movement contact points; identify formulation and supplier.

• Selected flow: Synthetic watch or clock movement lubricating oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dispenser issue plus opening stock minus closing stock and recovered unused lubricant
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records

Button-cell battery supplied with movement (assembly_button_cell)

Record one specified button-cell chemistry only when the battery is included with the movement; otherwise mark this atomic row not applicable and disclose the exclusion.

• Selected flow: Button-cell battery for quartz movement
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: item count multiplied by measured lot-average mass for the declared battery chemistry and size
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming battery-included reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records
• Sources: eta-quartz-overview-2017; usitc-hts-chapter-91-2013

Assembly electricity (assembly_electricity)

Record electricity for assembly workstations, controlled environments, joining, lubrication dispensing, and directly attributable local support equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered electricity or allocated assembly work-centre meter total
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Assembled movement awaiting testing (assembly_output_movement)

Record the assembled or partly assembled movement transferred to adjustment and testing as a foreground intermediate.

• Selected flow: Assembled watch or clock movement awaiting testing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured assembled movement mass transferred to testing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_movement_assembly_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Adjustment, inspection, and functional testing (adjustment_testing)

Inputs

Product flows

Assembled movement entering testing (testing_input_movement)

Record assembled movements entering adjustment, rate or functional testing, and final inspection.

• Selected flow: Assembled watch or clock movement awaiting testing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass entering the acceptance process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_adjustment_testing_records

Testing electricity (testing_electricity)

Record electricity for adjustment benches, timing equipment, electronic test stands, environmental control directly attributable to testing, and inspection equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered electricity or allocated testing work-centre meter total
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_adjustment_testing_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted movement awaiting dispatch packaging (testing_accepted_movement)

Record only movements or complete sets that pass the declared acceptance specification.

• Selected flow: Conforming watch or clock movement awaiting dispatch packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass of accepted movements transferred to packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_adjustment_testing_records

Waste flows

Rejected movement (testing_rejected_movement)

Record movements rejected from the product stream when they leave for recycling or treatment; reworked units remain in the process balance and are not double-counted as waste.

• Selected flow: Rejected watch or clock movement
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net rejected mass at final disposition after subtracting successfully reworked units
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_adjustment_testing_records

Elementary flows

Process: Dispatch packaging (dispatch_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Accepted movement entering packaging (packaging_input_movement)

Record the accepted movement or complete set entering dispatch preparation.

• Selected flow: Conforming watch or clock movement awaiting dispatch packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net movement mass entering packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_dispatch_packaging_records

Corrugated dispatch box (packaging_corrugated_box)

Record corrugated board boxes supplied with the reference product; declare recycled content, reuse, and whether the box is primary or transport packaging.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: package count multiplied by measured empty-box mass, less documented reusable transport boxes returned within the declared boundary
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_dispatch_packaging_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference movement output (reference_movement)

Record the conforming factory-gate movement or complete movement set. Packaging mass is not included in the 1 kg net reference amount and is reported separately.

• Selected flow: Watch or clock movement
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fixed normalization identity of 1 kg net conforming movement output, derived from measured accepted lot mass
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net conforming reference movement output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_subdivide_first	shared fabrication, cleaning, assembly, testing, and site services	Avoid allocation by separately metering or otherwise subdividing product-specific work centres and lots. If subdivision is not feasible, document why before selecting another relationship.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
al_physical_relation	shared processes producing several movement families	Allocate remaining shared exchanges using a causal physical relationship such as machine time, cleaning load, tested unit time, or net processed mass that matches the exchange driver; document the factor and source records.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
al_other_relation	shared processes lacking a defensible physical relation	Economic or another relationship may be used only after subdivision, system expansion, and physical allocation are shown infeasible; disclose prices, period, currency, factor, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
al_scrap_treatment	machining scrap and rejected movements	Keep scrap and rejected movements as waste outputs through the first treatment handoff. Do not add an avoided-primary-material credit inside the foreground inventory unless the downstream study explicitly applies and discloses a consistent recycling allocation method.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_component_fabrication_records	component_fabrication	Each listed material, electricity, accepted-component, and scrap exchange	purchase and issue records; stock counts; scales; electricity meters; waste transfer records	calibre; material grade; opening and closing stock; receipts; returns; accepted output mass; scrap mass; meter reading; meter allocation driver; timestamps	reconcile each atomic material and output by lot and reporting period; retain meter and scale identifiers	kg; MJ	each lot with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period or declared campaign	all in-scope component-fabrication work centres	sum net atomic inputs and outputs, allocate shared meters by documented causal driver, then normalize to accepted reference output	calibrated scale and meter records; stock reconciliation; waste transfer receipts; material balance
cp_precision_cleaning_records	precision_cleaning	Each listed component, water, isopropanol, electricity, wastewater, and spent-solvent exchange	batch tickets; chemical issues; tank inventories; water and electricity meters; discharge meters; waste manifests	cleaning route; component mass; water; isopropanol purchases, recovery, stock and transfer; electricity; wastewater volume; spent-solvent gross and tare mass; chemistry indicators	reconcile each cleaning campaign, segregating aqueous and solvent routes and recovery loops	kg; m3; MJ	each cleaning campaign with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period or declared campaign	all in-scope cleaning equipment and local extraction	sum by atomic exchange and route, subtract documented recovery transfers, and normalize to accepted reference output	calibrated meter records; chemical inventory reconciliation; discharge analysis; waste manifests
cp_movement_assembly_records	movement_assembly	Each listed component, electronic part, lubricant, battery, electricity, and assembled-intermediate exchange	bills of material; goods issues; stock counts; dispenser logs; assembly counters; scales; electricity meters	calibre; route; component identifier; quantity; measured unit mass; lubricant issue and stock; battery chemistry and size; electricity; assembled output mass; timestamps	reconcile component and consumable issues to each movement lot; convert counts only with measured lot-average masses	kg; MJ	each assembly lot with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period or declared campaign	all in-scope assembly lines and clean areas	sum by atomic exchange and route, subtract returned unused input, and normalize to accepted reference output	controlled bill of material; calibrated scales; inventory reconciliation; meter records; lot traceability
cp_adjustment_testing_records	adjustment_testing	Assembled input, electricity, accepted output, and rejected movement	test-system logs; inspection records; rework logs; scales; electricity meters; waste disposition records	calibre; input count and mass; test specification; pass, fail, and rework status; accepted mass; final rejected mass; electricity; timestamps	link each serial or lot result to the declared acceptance specification and final disposition	kg; MJ	each test lot with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period or declared campaign	all in-scope adjustment and test stations	accepted output plus final rejects must reconcile with input, stock change, and documented rework losses; normalize to accepted output	test-equipment calibration; signed acceptance records; rework trace; scale and meter calibration
cp_dispatch_packaging_records	dispatch_packaging	Accepted movement, corrugated box, and reference output	packing lists; package issue records; package tare measurements; accepted movement scale records	calibre; assembly state; accepted net mass; package type; count; empty mass; reuse or return status; final shipped net mass; timestamps	weigh representative empty packages and reconcile issued packages to shipped movements	kg	each dispatch lot with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period or declared campaign	all in-scope dispatch packing areas	report packaging separately; normalize atomic packaging mass to 1 kg net conforming movement output	packing list reconciliation; calibrated scales; package specification; return records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_material_input	stainless steel, brass, isopropanol, electronic parts, lubricant, and batteries	net consumed mass = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented returns - recovered unused material transferred out	stock, receipt, return, recovery, and measured unit-mass records	kg atomic input per 1 kg reference output	mass-balance-identity
calc_energy_normalization	electricity rows	normalized electricity = metered process electricity × declared allocation share ÷ net conforming reference output mass; convert kWh to MJ with 3.6 MJ/kWh when needed	meter readings, allocation driver, output mass, energy unit	MJ per 1 kg reference output	mass-balance-identity
calc_process_mass_balance	each foreground process	input mass + opening work in progress = product output + waste output + closing work in progress + quantified direct mass releases; investigate unexplained remainder	atomic input, output, waste, stock, and direct-release records	process mass-balance residual and completeness flag	mass-balance-identity
calc_reject_mass	rejected movements	final rejected mass = failed-test mass - mass of units successfully reworked and returned to accepted output	test disposition, rework, and scale records	kg rejected movement per 1 kg reference output	mass-balance-identity
calc_reference_output	reference movement	normalized amount = measured net conforming movement mass ÷ the same measured net conforming movement mass	accepted lot mass	1 kg reference movement	mass-balance-identity

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and purchased components	Maintain calibre, movement class, regulating system, assembly state, component completeness, battery inclusion, material or component specification, supplier, and lot traceability.	product specification; bill of material; supplier declaration; lot record
dq_measurement	all quantitative rows	Use calibrated meters or scales, record units and conversions, retain raw readings, and document any shared-meter allocation driver.	calibration certificates; meter exports; scale tickets; calculation workbook
dq_temporal	foreground reporting period	Use a representative continuous 12-month period where available; otherwise disclose campaign dates, seasonality, shutdowns, abnormal production, and representativeness limits.	production calendar; monthly reconciliations; campaign log
dq_completeness	each foreground process	Reconcile atomic inputs, outputs, wastes, stock change, rework loops, and direct releases. Investigate and disclose material residuals and missing meters.	process mass balance; exception log; waste manifests
dq_upstream	upstream datasets	Document supplier specificity or the reason for selecting a proxy, including geography, technology, temporal period, composition, and delivered state.	supplier dataset; dataset metadata; representativeness assessment
dq_route	conditional processes and rows	Mark a process or row not applicable only with evidence that the route, material, battery, cleaning medium, or packaging component was absent from the reported product.	bill of material; route sheet; purchase and issue records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
vr_reference_identity	reference flow	Confirm that the reference output is a movement or complete movement set, not a complete watch or clock, case, individual part, time switch, or time-recording apparatus; verify every required qualifier.	usitc-hts-chapter-91-2013; un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
vr_reference_amount	reference amount	Confirm that the normalized output equals 1 kg net conforming movement mass and that packaging mass is reported separately.	mass-balance-identity
vr_process_coverage	process map	Confirm that every performed in-house process is included, every omitted conditional process has route evidence, and each required process has a detailed inventory section.	eta-movement-production-sites; us-epa-snap-precision-cleaning
vr_inventory_atomicity	process inventory	Confirm each row is one atomic physical, chemical, energy, waste, or elementary exchange; reject umbrella utility, material, packaging, waste, or emission labels.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
vr_uuid_semantics	UUID-bearing rows	Confirm state-100 flow name, Chinese name, flow type, classification, property, unit group, product state, geography, technology, and generalComment remain compatible with the declared exchange.
vr_mass_balance	foreground processes	Confirm input, output, waste, stock, rework, and direct-release reconciliation; disclose unresolved residuals and do not use missing UUIDs as cut-offs.	mass-balance-identity
vr_allocation	shared and multifunctional processes	Confirm subdivision was attempted first and any physical or other allocation factor has a documented driver, period, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
vr_source_and_range	quantitative constraints	Confirm no external empirical range is used unless at least two independent, original-text-verified, boundary-compatible sources support the synthesis; otherwise retain foreground collection and the unresolved evidence need.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; may be used as background_dataset after review of representativeness and completeness
downstream_use	Foreground data package for movement manufacture and downstream process or lifecyclemodel projections of watches, clocks, timekeeping equipment, and products incorporating movements
allowed_use	Use for the declared movement class, regulating system, calibre family, assembly state, battery inclusion, manufacturing route, geography, technology, and reporting period when required qualifiers and upstream links are present
excluded_use	Complete watches or clocks; cases or other separately marketed parts; time switches and time-recording apparatus; repair; use-phase electricity or battery replacement; end of life; or materially different movement routes without adaptation
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product name and CPC context; movement class; regulating system; calibre and dimensions; assembly and completeness state; display interface; battery inclusion; net product mass; make-or-buy share; process applicability; factory geography; technology; reporting period; allocation; cut-offs; upstream datasets; packaging
required_quality_disclosure	UUID resolution status; source and foreground evidence; measurement and conversion methods; meter allocation; temporal coverage; mass-balance residuals; rework and reject handling; allocation sensitivity; upstream representativeness; unresolved range evidence
update_trigger	Change in calibre family, movement class, regulating system, assembly state, component make-or-buy share, battery inclusion, cleaning chemistry, production technology, site geography, allocation method, packaging system, upstream dataset, or a material flow exceeding the documented review threshold

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Official CPC 48440 classification identity
usitc-hts-chapter-91-2013	official_guidance	United States International Trade Commission, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2013), Chapter 91, https://www.usitc.gov/publications/docs/tata/hts/bychapter/1300c91.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Watch-versus-clock movement dimensions, complete-set boundary, incomplete-movement distinctions, and exclusion of cases and external parts
eta-movement-production-sites	official_guidance	ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse, The Motorist of Time, https://www.eta.ch/en/enterprise (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Evidence that movement production includes watch parts, blank movements, quartz and mechanical routes, and assembly
us-epa-snap-precision-cleaning	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, Questions and Answers About SNAP — precision, electronics, and metals cleaning, https://www.epa.gov/snap/questions-and-answers-about-snap (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Conditional precision-cleaning process, cleaning-media distinctions, and contamination records
eta-quartz-overview-2017	handbook	ETA SA, Quartz 2017 Overview, https://www.eta.ch/sites/default/files/downloads-items/overview_vert_rv_TAB_EN.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Quartz crystal, integrated circuit, and battery components of quartz movements
eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, Annex I, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-09-07)	System boundary, company-specific data, inventory completeness, multifunctionality hierarchy, and recycling treatment
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation-of-mass identity applied to measured foreground inputs, outputs, stock change, rework, waste, and direct releases	Normalization, process reconciliation, reject calculation, and reference-flow identity