Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective, protective or other

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers finished, wearable eyewear supplied as a complete product for vision correction, protection against a declared eye hazard, attenuation of solar radiation, sport or leisure use, or another declared optical function. It covers spectacles, safety spectacles, goggles, sunglasses, swimming or sport goggles, and analogous eye protectors when the frame or body and lenses are assembled and ready for distribution.

The foreground boundary begins with purchased raw materials, semi-finished components, or finished frames and lenses at the manufacturing site and ends with conforming eyewear and its separately recorded primary packaging at the factory gate. Integrated frame manufacture, integrated lens moulding or surfacing, coating, edging, assembly, cleaning, inspection, and packaging are included when performed by the reporting organization. Upstream production and inbound transport of purchased inputs are represented by geographically and technologically appropriate background datasets.

Excluded products are unassembled frames and mountings sold as products, unworked spectacle glass, contact lenses, optical instruments that are not wearable eyewear, electronic smart-glasses functions unless separately modelled, detachable cases and cleaning cloths unless explicitly included, retail fitting, prescription examination, distribution after the factory gate, use-phase cleaning, repair, and end-of-life. A dataset may extend the boundary, but must disclose the extension and keep the factory-gate result separable.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.spectacles-goggles-and-the-like-corrective-protective-or-other
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48312, exact mapping context
covered_products	Finished corrective spectacles; protective spectacles and goggles; sunglasses; sport and swimming goggles; analogous finished eyewear with a declared optical or protective function
excluded_products	Frames and mountings sold unassembled; unworked spectacle glass; contact lenses; non-wearable optical instruments; detachable cases and cloths unless declared; electronic functions not separately modelled
representative_product	One conforming saleable unit, meaning one pair of spectacles or goggles, or one analogous single eye protector as sold
production_route	Purchased-component assembly or disclosed integrated frame manufacture and/or lens moulding, surfacing, coating, edging, assembly, inspection, and packaging
market_state	Finished, clean, inspected, ready for distribution at the factory gate; prescription, filter, hazard, coating, and packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide the declared vision-correction, eye-protection, solar-attenuation, sport, or other optical function
How much	One conforming saleable eyewear unit: one pair of spectacles or goggles, or one analogous single protector as sold
How well	Meets the declared prescription or optical order and the applicable performance or conformity class, such as ISO 21987, ISO 12312-1, ISO 16321-1, or a declared jurisdictional equivalent
How long or cycle	The declared design or warranted service life; this factory-gate inventory excludes use and replacement unless explicitly extended
reference_flow_link	Measured mass of the finished eyewear unit, excluding detachable accessories and packaging, with unit count and mass-per-unit retained

Field	Value
Reference amount	Measured kg of one conforming saleable eyewear unit, excluding detachable accessories and packaging
Reference product flow	Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective, protective or other 0e324723-d349-47ea-9c61-c324c8e11d9a
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	saleable-unit definition and count; corrective/protective/sun/sport/other function; lens material; optical power, filter category, or protected hazard as applicable; frame material and construction; coatings and tint; applicable conformity standard and class; measured product mass excluding packaging; manufacturing route; production geography; factory-gate and packaging state; declared service life

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	Finished reference product	Mass	kg	Weigh conforming eyewear without detachable case, cloth, labels, or packaging; report those included items as separate atomic inputs and disclose any unavoidable deviation.
saleable_unit_conversion	Unit-to-mass conversion	Mass	kg/unit	Record inspected saleable-unit count and representative measured mass; normalize all rows to the measured kg of one saleable unit while retaining the item or pair definition.
energy_conversion	Electricity rows	Net calorific value	MJ	Preserve metered energy; convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and do not convert electricity to fuel mass.
wet_waste_basis	Wastewater and wet grinding waste	Mass	kg	Record wet mass crossing the boundary and separately retain dry-solids mass, water content, composition, and treatment destination so water and solids are not double counted.
route_mass_balance	Integrated frame and lens routes	Mass	kg	Reconcile gross material inputs with internal product output, segregated wastes, recoveries, and inventory change for the same reporting period and route.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased material, semi-finished component, or finished frame/lens at the reporting-site gate, identified by material, product state, supplier geography, and upstream dataset
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing input with upstream production and inbound transport represented by linked background datasets
product_classification_scope	Finished wearable eyewear covered by this PCR; frames, lenses, and raw materials remain inputs or internal intermediates, not alternative reference products
recursive_input_rule	Finished eyewear received for repacking, customization, or remanufacture must be disclosed as a same-category input and retain its upstream dataset; it must not be relabelled as virgin raw material or silently omitted
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific data where available; otherwise use geographically, technologically, compositionally, and temporally representative datasets for every purchased atomic material, component, energy carrier, treatment, and transport service
disclosure	Declare integrated versus purchased frame and lens routes, coating and edging locations, rejected-product handling, packaging scope, supplier geographies, transport modes, cut-offs, and any boundary extension

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gate	foreground_and_upstream_boundary	Include upstream input production, inbound transport, on-site frame and lens operations when performed, assembly, cleaning, inspection, primary packaging, internal recycling burdens, wastes, and direct emissions through the factory gate.	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; vanni-eyewear-lca-2023; eu-pef-method-2021
boundary_route_condition	integrated_processes	Apply integrated frame or lens processes only when performed inside the reporting boundary; otherwise record the purchased frame or lens and link its complete upstream dataset without double counting its manufacture.	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing
boundary_atomic_completeness	bill_of_materials_and_outputs	Add a separate atomic row for every additional material, coating substance, component, waste, treatment, fuel, transport service, and direct elementary emission that crosses the declared boundary; do not replace them with an umbrella flow.	eu-pef-method-2021
boundary_use_exclusion	downstream_stages	Exclude retail fitting, consumer travel, use-phase cleaning, repair, and end-of-life from the factory-gate result unless an extended scenario is separately reported.	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
integrated_frame_manufacturing	Integrated frame manufacturing	conditional	Include when frame parts or complete frames are cut, moulded, formed, machined, joined, finished, or coated inside the reporting boundary	Foreground component manufacture	kg frame output transferred to final assembly
integrated_lens_manufacturing	Integrated lens manufacturing and finishing	conditional	Include when lenses are moulded, generated, polished, cleaned, tinted, coated, edged, or engraved inside the reporting boundary	Foreground optical component manufacture	kg conforming finished-lens output transferred to final assembly
final_assembly_packaging	Final assembly, inspection, and packaging	required	Always include for finished eyewear	Foreground final production	one conforming saleable unit and its measured kg reference flow

Process: Integrated frame manufacturing (integrated_frame_manufacturing)

Inputs

Product flows

Cellulose acetate sheet (cellulose_acetate_sheet)

Record cellulose acetate sheet actually cut or formed into frames; do not substitute generic plastic sheet.

• Selected flow: Cellulose acetate sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured gross cellulose acetate sheet issued to the route, net of documented same-quality return to stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_materials
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; vanni-eyewear-lca-2023

Stainless steel (stainless_steel)

Record stainless steel entering metal-frame parts; retain alloy grade and semi-finished form.

• Selected flow: Stainless steel 84c2403f-5062-5d68-8276-838384d32b89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured stainless-steel mass issued to the declared frame route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_materials
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

Polycarbonate frame granulate (polycarbonate_frame_granulate)

Record polycarbonate granulate only for an injection-moulded or additive frame route using this polymer.

• Selected flow: Polycarbonate granulate 0c945ca0-edf2-41f3-ba9e-23af3e75c6d1
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured polycarbonate granulate issued to the declared frame route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_materials
• Sources:

Frame-process electricity (frame_process_electricity)

Record metered electricity used by frame cutting, moulding, machining, joining, finishing, and attributable auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or an allocation from a reconciled meter using documented machine time and power
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_electricity
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Manufactured frame output (manufactured_frame_output)

Record conforming frames transferred from integrated frame manufacture to final assembly; do not count purchased frames again.

• Selected flow: Frames and mountings for spectacles, goggles or the like 8b6b0bdd-aae1-44f1-a5f8-11a984c38cf1
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass of conforming frame output transferred to final assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per integrated frame-production batch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_outputs
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; vanni-eyewear-lca-2023

Waste flows

Cellulose acetate frame offcuts (cellulose_acetate_frame_offcuts)

Record segregated cellulose acetate offcuts and machining chips leaving the process for reuse, recycling, or treatment.

• Selected flow: Cellulose acetate frame offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured wet- or dry-as-received mass, with condition and destination declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_outputs
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; vanni-eyewear-lca-2023

Post-industrial steel scrap (post_industrial_steel_scrap)

Record segregated steel cuttings and rejected metal frame parts crossing to recycling or treatment.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass leaving the process, with alloy grade and destination declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_outputs
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

Polycarbonate frame offcuts (polycarbonate_frame_offcuts)

Record segregated polycarbonate sprues, offcuts, and rejected mouldings; exclude material internally reground and returned within the same measured batch.

• Selected flow: Polycarbonate frame offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass crossing from the process to recycling or treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of frame output transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frame_outputs
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Integrated lens manufacturing and finishing (integrated_lens_manufacturing)

Inputs

Product flows

Optical-glass pressing blank (optical_glass_pressing_blank)

Record optical-glass pressing blanks only for the declared glass-lens route.

• Selected flow: Optical Glass Pressing Blank a68c2948-174f-4e17-a3ee-f2b289d50d18
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured gross blank mass entering generating, grinding, polishing, or edging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_materials
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Polycarbonate lens granulate (polycarbonate_lens_granulate)

Record polycarbonate granulate only when lenses are moulded from this polymer within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Polycarbonate granulate 0c945ca0-edf2-41f3-ba9e-23af3e75c6d1
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured granulate issued to lens moulding, net of documented same-quality return to stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_materials
• Sources:

Cerium oxide (cerium_oxide)

Record cerium oxide consumed in glass-lens polishing; declare purity and slurry preparation.

• Selected flow: Cerium oxide b23ee368-01e2-4fcd-8e8f-e8115ee04555
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Purchased plus opening stock minus closing stock, recoveries, and measured waste for the reporting period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_materials
• Sources: zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Isopropanol (isopropanol)

Record isopropanol crossing into lens or final cleaning; keep aqueous concentration and recovered solvent separate.

• Selected flow: Isopropanol a4a75541-e156-4e30-947c-ba067a682afd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Neat isopropanol mass in purchased or prepared cleaning solution, calculated from measured solution mass and concentration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_materials
• Sources: zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Process water (process_water)

Record process water supplied for grinding, polishing, de-blocking, rinsing, or cleaning; internally recirculated water is not counted again as an external input.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or tank-weighed make-up water entering the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_water
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Lens-finishing electricity (lens_finishing_electricity)

Record electricity used for moulding, generating, polishing, cleaning, drying, coating, edging, and attributable extraction or vacuum systems.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or reconciled equipment-level calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_electricity
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Finished spectacle-lens output (finished_spectacle_lens_output)

Record conforming lenses after all in-scope optical working, coating, and edging and before mounting.

• Selected flow: Finished spectacle lens
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass of conforming finished lenses transferred to final assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per integrated lens-production batch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_outputs
• Sources: iso-21987-2017; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Waste flows

Polycarbonate lens-grinding waste (polycarbonate_lens_grinding_waste)

Record segregated polycarbonate swarf or solids removed during generating and edging; do not combine it with wastewater.

• Selected flow: Polycarbonate lens-grinding waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured dry solids or wet waste with water content separately determined
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_outputs
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Optical-glass production waste (optical_glass_production_waste)

Record segregated optical-glass cuttings, chips, and grinding solids from the glass-lens route.

• Selected flow: waste from glass production 9e75655e-039d-421e-abec-bbe625491bc6
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured dry solids or wet waste with water content separately determined
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_outputs
• Sources: zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Lens-grinding wastewater (lens_grinding_wastewater)

Record wastewater discharged to treatment after lens grinding, polishing, de-blocking, rinsing, or cleaning, with solids and contaminants characterized.

• Selected flow: Lens-grinding wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or weighed wet wastewater crossing to on-site or off-site treatment, excluding recirculated water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lens_outputs
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing

Elementary flows

Isopropanol released to air (isopropanol_to_air)

Record only the reconciled isopropanol mass that passes abatement and crosses the environmental boundary to outdoor air.

• Selected flow: isopropanol fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a843-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack or vent measurement, or solvent mass balance after recovery, wastewater, waste, and inventory change; do not assume all input evaporates
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured kg of conforming finished-lens output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_release
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Process: Final assembly, inspection, and packaging (final_assembly_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Frame input (finished_frame_input)

Record each purchased or internally transferred frame once, with origin and integrated-route status declared.

• Selected flow: Frames and mountings for spectacles, goggles or the like 8b6b0bdd-aae1-44f1-a5f8-11a984c38cf1
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured frame mass entering assembly, excluding internally transferred output already balanced within the same product system from upstream duplication
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per conforming saleable eyewear unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_materials
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

Finished spectacle-lens input (finished_spectacle_lens_input)

Record the measured mass of purchased or internally transferred finished lenses mounted into the reference product.

• Selected flow: Finished spectacle lens
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured lens mass entering assembly, retaining lens count, material, optical state, and coating state
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per conforming saleable eyewear unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_materials
• Sources: iso-21987-2017; ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

Assembly electricity (assembly_electricity)

Record electricity for edging performed at assembly, mounting, cleaning, inspection, and packaging equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or reconciled equipment-level calculation for the final process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per conforming saleable eyewear unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_electricity
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018

Corrugated-board box (corrugated_board_box)

Record corrugated-board boxes supplied with the reference product or used as attributable primary packaging.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured box mass multiplied by boxes attributable to one saleable unit
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per conforming saleable eyewear unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_materials
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; eu-pef-method-2021

Low-density polyethylene packaging film (ldpe_packaging_film)

Record PE-LD film sleeves or bags supplied with the product; do not combine other polymers in this row.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured film mass multiplied by pieces attributable to one saleable unit
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per conforming saleable eyewear unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_materials
• Sources: ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; eu-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Finished conforming eyewear (finished_eyewear_output)

This is the reference product output after assembly, cleaning, conformity inspection, and packaging preparation.

• Selected flow: Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective, protective or other 0e324723-d349-47ea-9c61-c324c8e11d9a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass of one conforming saleable eyewear unit excluding detachable accessories and packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: one conforming saleable eyewear unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finished_product
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; iso-21987-2017; iso-12312-1-2022; iso-16321-1-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	shared_foreground_operations	Subdivide and submeter frame, lens, coating, assembly, and packaging operations wherever independently measured records exist before applying allocation.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_residual_facility	shared_electricity_water_and_auxiliaries	Allocate only residual shared facility inputs using a documented causal driver such as machine time, metered load, water volume, or occupied process time; if no causal relationship can be established, use mass or unit count and report a sensitivity check.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_scrap_no_avoided_burden	recoverable_scrap	Report exported scrap and recovered solvent at the measured boundary without silently crediting avoided virgin production; any recycling or substitution credit belongs in a separately declared downstream scenario.	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_rework	internal_rework	Keep internal rework burdens in the production batch that ultimately yields conforming eyewear; do not create a co-product credit for non-saleable rework.	eu-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_frame_materials	integrated_frame_manufacturing	frame material inputs	purchase, stock, issue, and return records	material identity; grade; gross issue; returned stock; recycled content; supplier; batch	Reconcile BOM issues with warehouse and production records	kg	per batch, monthly reconciliation	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each frame-manufacturing site and route	Sum net material crossing into the route and normalize to conforming frame output	invoices, weigh tickets, BOM revision, stock reconciliation
cp_frame_electricity	integrated_frame_manufacturing	frame electricity	meter and machine records	meter start/end; machine hours; rated or measured load; output mass	Submeter preferred; otherwise reconcile equipment calculation to facility meter	kWh and MJ	continuous or per shift	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each frame-manufacturing site	Convert kWh to MJ and divide by conforming frame output	calibrated meter record, reconciliation, downtime log
cp_frame_outputs	integrated_frame_manufacturing	frame product and segregated wastes	production and waste records	conforming frame mass; waste mass; material; moisture; destination; internal return	Weigh conforming transfer and each segregated waste stream	kg	per batch	same period as frame inputs	each frame-manufacturing site and route	Sum by atomic material and destination; exclude same-batch internal return from exported waste	calibrated scale, waste transfer note, mass-balance reconciliation
cp_lens_materials	integrated_lens_manufacturing	lens materials and cleaning chemical	purchase, stock, issue, concentration, and recovery records	substance; grade; solution mass; concentration; opening/closing stock; recovery; batch	Reconcile material issues and concentration certificates	kg	per batch, monthly reconciliation	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each lens-manufacturing site and route	Calculate neat substance mass and normalize to conforming lens output	invoices, certificates, stock record, preparation sheet
cp_lens_water	integrated_lens_manufacturing	process-water input	meter or tank record	make-up water; recirculation; discharge; batch output	Meter make-up water at the process boundary	kg or m3	continuous or per batch	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each lens-finishing site	Count external make-up once; convert volume using measured or declared density	calibrated meter, tank log, water balance
cp_lens_electricity	integrated_lens_manufacturing	lens electricity	meter and equipment records	meter start/end; equipment hours; load; route; output mass	Submeter preferred; otherwise reconcile equipment calculation to facility meter	kWh and MJ	continuous or per shift	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each lens-manufacturing site and route	Convert kWh to MJ and normalize to conforming lens output	calibrated meter, reconciliation, equipment log
cp_lens_outputs	integrated_lens_manufacturing	finished lenses, solids, and wastewater	production, wastewater, and waste records	lens mass/count; reject mass; waste identity; wet/dry mass; water content; discharge mass; treatment	Weigh lens output and solids; meter or weigh wastewater; sample composition	kg	per batch with periodic representative sampling	same period as lens inputs	each lens-manufacturing site and route	Keep each polymer, glass waste, and wastewater separate and close wet/dry mass balance	scale and meter calibration, laboratory results, transfer notes
cp_solvent_release	integrated_lens_manufacturing	isopropanol release to air	stack test or solvent balance	neat input; recovered mass; wastewater mass; waste mass; stock change; measured vent concentration and flow	Prefer vent measurement; otherwise complete reconciled solvent balance	kg	measurement campaign plus monthly balance	representative operating conditions and 12-month balance	each solvent-using site	Release = input minus recovery, wastewater, solid waste, product retention, and stock increase; floor at zero and investigate imbalance	stack-test report, concentration certificate, recovery and waste records
cp_assembly_materials	final_assembly_packaging	frame and lens inputs	BOM, issue, and transfer records	frame mass/count; lens mass/count; material; origin; internal/purchased flag; product model	Weigh representative components and reconcile counts to completed units	kg and count	per model and batch	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each assembly site	Sum purchased inputs once; preserve internal transfers for unit-process linkage without duplicating upstream burdens	BOM, scale record, transfer record, supplier identity
cp_assembly_electricity	final_assembly_packaging	assembly electricity	meter and equipment records	meter start/end; machine hours; load; conforming unit count	Submeter preferred; otherwise reconcile equipment calculation	kWh and MJ	continuous or per shift	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each assembly site	Convert kWh to MJ and normalize to conforming units	calibrated meter, reconciliation, downtime log
cp_packaging_materials	final_assembly_packaging	atomic packaging inputs	packaging specification and issue records	material; piece mass; pieces issued; returned stock; units packed	Weigh each packaging component and reconcile issue counts	kg and count	per packaging specification and batch	current packaging specification	each packaging site	Multiply measured piece mass by attributable count and keep polymers and paper products separate	specification, supplier declaration, scale record, issue reconciliation
cp_finished_product	final_assembly_packaging	reference product output	inspection and weighing record	conforming unit count; item/pair definition; product mass; model; lens state; frame state; rejects	Weigh a representative sample or every unit and reconcile to inspected count	kg and count	per batch or statistically justified sampling plan	representative 12 months or declared campaign	each final assembly site	Calculate weighted mean product mass and total conforming output; keep packaging excluded	calibrated scale, sampling plan, inspection and conformity record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_mass	finished eyewear	Sum measured unpackaged conforming-product mass divided by conforming saleable-unit count; retain weighted model mix	product mass; conforming count; saleable-unit definition	kg per saleable unit and total kg output	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; vanni-eyewear-lca-2023
calc_energy_mj	all electricity rows	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6	kWh	MJ
calc_neat_isopropanol	isopropanol input	Neat isopropanol mass = solution mass × measured mass fraction	solution mass; concentration certificate or measurement	kg isopropanol
calc_solvent_release	isopropanol to air	Release = neat input − recovered solvent − wastewater load − solid-waste load − product retention − stock increase; use only when all terms are reconciled	collected solvent-balance fields	kg released to air	eu-pef-method-2021
calc_process_mass_balance	integrated frame and lens routes	Mass-balance residual = gross atomic material inputs − conforming internal output − exported atomic wastes − measured recovery − inventory increase	matched-period material, output, waste, recovery, and stock records	kg residual and percent of gross input	eu-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	product and components	Declare model family, saleable-unit definition, function, lens material and optical state, frame material, coating/tint, and applicable conformity class.	BOM, technical file, prescription/order class, conformity or test record
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use a representative continuous 12-month period or disclose the shorter campaign and seasonal or product-mix limitation.	dated meter, production, purchase, stock, and waste records
dq_geography_technology	purchased inputs and utilities	Match supplier geography, electricity market, material grade, recycled content, and production technology; document proxies and sensitivity.	supplier declaration, dataset metadata, utility bill, route disclosure
dq_completeness	material and energy balance	Reconcile all measured major foreground material masses and all separately metered process energy; investigate and disclose residuals rather than forcing balance.	signed mass/energy reconciliation and exception log
dq_wastewater	lens-grinding wastewater	Retain wet mass or volume, dry solids, particle/material composition, treatment route, sampling method, and whether water is recirculated.	meter or scale record, laboratory report, treatment manifest
dq_conformity	final product	Retain evidence that the output meets the declared prescription, filter, hazard, or performance class; nonconforming units are not reference product.	inspection, test, technical-file, or declaration-of-conformity record
dq_uncertainty	calculated and allocated rows	Disclose calculation inputs, allocation drivers, meter coverage, sampling error, and unresolved UUID or range-evidence needs.	calculation workbook, calibration record, sampling plan, sensitivity result

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference_flow	Confirm the output is complete wearable eyewear, not an unassembled frame, lens, unworked glass, case, or electronic service, and that UUID, mass property, and required qualifiers agree.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validate_unit_and_count	normalization	Confirm the reported kg reference amount equals measured unpackaged mass of the declared saleable unit and that pair or item count is retained.	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; vanni-eyewear-lca-2023
validate_route_consistency	process_map	Require final assembly and packaging; require each integrated process only when performed and reject double counting between its internal output and a purchased component dataset.	ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018; zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing
validate_atomic_inventory	process_inventory	Confirm every Selected flow is one atomic exchange with one direction and flow type; require separate rows for each actual polymer, metal, coating substance, chemical, packaging component, waste, and elementary emission.	eu-pef-method-2021
validate_mass_balance	integrated_processes	Investigate every unexplained material route mass-balance residual that is significant for the declared data-quality objective and prohibit adjustment of waste or product values solely to force closure.	eu-pef-method-2021
validate_optical_conformity	finished_product_quality	Confirm the declared prescription/order or protective/filter performance class and applicable standard; exclude nonconforming outputs from the reference flow.	iso-21987-2017; iso-12312-1-2022; iso-16321-1-2021; eu-ppe-regulation-2016-425
validate_unresolved_evidence	readiness	Keep UUID-empty rows and range-evidence needs explicitly unresolved; do not promote a proxy UUID or a single published case value to final identity or range evidence.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground factory-gate production dataset for one declared finished eyewear family and manufacturing route
downstream_use	May serve as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset for products using finished eyewear when readiness, geography, technology, time, and quality match
allowed_use	Attributional factory-gate modelling, supplier footprints, product-system assembly, and disclosed comparative studies using functionally equivalent eyewear and aligned service-life assumptions
excluded_use	Clinical or safety-performance certification; comparison across unlike corrective, protective, sun, or sport functions; undisclosed substitution of frame-only or lens-only data; use-phase or end-of-life claims without added scenarios
required_metadata	PCR id and version; saleable-unit definition; product and packaging mass; function; lens material and optical/filter/hazard class; frame material; coatings; integrated or purchased routes; site and supplier geography; data period; allocation; background datasets; unresolved identities and range needs
required_quality_disclosure	Meter and scale coverage; BOM reconciliation; mass-balance residual; wastewater characterization; conformity evidence; supplier representativeness; allocation and sensitivity; exclusions and cut-offs
update_trigger	Material, lens, frame, coating, packaging, supplier geography, electricity mix, process technology, waste treatment, conformity standard, product-mix, or service-life change that materially alters the declared dataset

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	Official CPC 48312 classification identity
ace-tate-eyewear-lca-2018	literature	Pre Sustainability for Ace & Tate, Life Cycle Assessment, 2018, https://assets.ctfassets.net/utaji99zkvj6/54Bbp0yCIH2i8Pb7GtBzXF/e769d8fcc03271fe8bbbf62326806470/A_T_-_LCA_Report.pdf	Pair-based functional-unit precedent; frame, lens, edging, mounting, packaging, utility, waste, and boundary decomposition
vanni-eyewear-lca-2023	literature	VANNI, Impact Report 2023, eyewear LCA section, https://www.vanniocchiali.com/storage/builder/82/media-53.pdf?v=2026-01-15-05-37-22	Independent pair-based functional-unit precedent and acetate-frame cutting/assembly relevance
zeiss-spectacle-lens-manufacturing	extension_guidance	ZEISS Vision Care, How are spectacle lenses manufactured?, https://www.zeiss.com/vision-care/en/eye-health-and-care/understanding-vision/how-are-spectacle-lenses-manufactured.html	Lens blocking, generating, polishing, cleaning, tinting, coating, and inspection process decomposition
iso-21987-2017	standard	BS EN ISO 21987:2017, Ophthalmic optics — Mounted spectacle lenses, BSI official standard page, https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/ophthalmic-optics-mounted-spectacle-lenses	Corrective mounted-lens prescription-order requirements and test context
iso-12312-1-2022	standard	BS EN ISO 12312-1:2022, Eye and face protection — Sunglasses and related eyewear — Part 1: Sunglasses for general use, BSI official standard page, https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/eye-and-face-protection-sunglasses-and-related-eyewear-sunglasses-for-general-use-1	Scope and declared conformance context for general-use sunglasses
iso-16321-1-2021	standard	BS EN ISO 16321-1:2022+A1:2025, identical to ISO 16321-1:2021/Amd 1, Eye and face protection for occupational use — Part 1: General requirements, BSI official standard page, https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/eye-and-face-protection-for-occupational-use-general-requirements-1	Scope and declared hazard/performance context for occupational protective eyewear
eu-ppe-regulation-2016-425	standard	Regulation (EU) 2016/425 on personal protective equipment, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/425/oj	Jurisdictional conformity and technical-documentation context for protective eyewear
eu-pef-method-2021	method_factor	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods, Annex I, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj/eng	Life-cycle boundary, data quality, allocation, electricity, transport, packaging, waste, and validation rules