Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for complete apparatus that generates, contains, controls, detects, or images with X-rays or alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. It covers medical imaging, industrial non-destructive testing (NDT), and security inspection equipment. Every data package shall identify both the radiation basis (x_ray, alpha, beta, gamma, or multi) and the application (medical, industrial_ndt, or security_inspection).

The category is intentionally heterogeneous. A complete apparatus may be fixed, mobile, cabinet, gantry, or source-exposure equipment, but one model or one application shall not represent the whole category. The foreground product configuration, production site, reference year, workload, and delivery boundary govern the result.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.apparatus-based-on-the-use-of-x-rays-or-of-alpha-beta-or-gamma-radiations
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48110 — Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations (exact)
covered_products	Complete, tested apparatus using X-rays or alpha, beta, or gamma radiation for medical imaging, industrial NDT, or security inspection, including fixed, mobile, cabinet, gantry, and source-exposure configurations when delivered as operable equipment.
excluded_products	Buildings, examination rooms, bunkers, site shielding, HVAC, and complete facilities outside the delivered equipment; radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents, films, test pieces, and replacement radioactive-source consumables; standalone radiation detectors or measuring instruments; parts and subassembly kits; imaging, inspection, or irradiation services; non-ionizing millimetre-wave equipment.
representative_product	A declared complete equipment configuration selected by radiation basis and application. No single medical scanner, industrial radiography device, security scanner, component, or facility is a category-wide proxy.
production_route	Major-component supply; enclosure, frame, gantry, and shielding fabrication or procurement; radiation generator or source-holder, detector, high-voltage power supply, controls, and cooling integration; final assembly; calibration and safety acceptance; packaging; and delivery or installation only when included in the declared delivery boundary.
market_state	Finished, safety-tested apparatus at the declared delivery boundary. The default is manufacturer factory gate; delivered-and-installed equipment is a separate declared boundary.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Complete apparatus based on X-rays or alpha, beta, or gamma radiation, in the declared radiation and application configuration.
How much	1,000 kg of finished apparatus.
How well	The equipment configuration declares the radiation source or generator, detector, high-voltage power supply, integral shielding, frame or gantry, cooling system, controls, workload scenario, and delivery boundary, and has passed the manufacturer's applicable calibration and safety acceptance.
How long or cycle	One completed production batch normalized to the reference amount. If use, maintenance, or end-of-life is included, the declared service life and workload scenario also apply.
reference_flow_link	Production mix at plant for CPC 48110 apparatus, UUID f2980f85-95d2-48e8-9b72-8c0f38650d2f, version 01.01.000, verified with state_code 100.

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations; production mix, at plant f2980f85-95d2-48e8-9b72-8c0f38650d2f
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	radiation_basis; application; equipment_configuration; fixed_or_mobile; generator_or_sealed_source; detector_technology; high_voltage_power_supply; shielding_scope; frame_or_gantry_scope; cooling_system; workload_scenario; delivery_boundary; geography; reference_year

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	finished reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure finished apparatus mass at the declared delivery boundary. Include integral fluids, integral shielding, installed electronics, and any integral sealed-source assembly; record packaging separately. Normalize all production amounts to 1,000 kg.
component_mass_balance	purchased and fabricated components	Mass	kg	Use product-specific bill-of-material and production records. Separately report the radiation generator or integral source assembly, detector and signal chain, high-voltage power supply, shielding and enclosure, frame or gantry, cooling system, and controls and cabling.
radioactive_source_descriptor	integral or operational radioactive source	Activity plus radionuclide identity	Bq	Declare radionuclide, activity reference date, whether the source is integral at delivery, and whether replacements are included. Activity is a configuration descriptor and shall not replace the mass reference flow.
workload_energy	use-phase electricity when included	Energy	kWh	Derive electricity from measured or manufacturer-recorded power and duration by operating mode. Declare examinations, scans, exposures, operating hours, standby, cooling, and shutdown assumptions as applicable; do not import a workload from another apparatus model.
delivery_transport	outbound transport when included	Transport service	tkm	Calculate each leg from shipped mass including packaging multiplied by route distance. Keep installation materials and energy separate from transport.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased major components and raw materials received at the apparatus manufacturing boundary, with supplier datasets linked upstream.
starting_condition_role	Prevent recursive re-manufacturing of same-category apparatus while retaining visible component and material inputs.
product_classification_scope	Complete CPC 48110 apparatus; not a complete medical, industrial, or security facility and not a standalone CPC 48241 detector or measuring instrument.
recursive_input_rule	If a complete same-category apparatus is consumed as an input, retain it as a purchased product flow and link a verified upstream dataset; do not unfold another copy of this foreground production route.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific datasets where available; otherwise use geographically, technologically, and temporally representative datasets and disclose substitutions.
disclosure	Declare radiation basis, application, equipment configuration, all required component scopes, workload scenario, delivery boundary, geography, reference year, exclusions, and substitutions.

The following boundary rules are normative:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_required_stages	cradle-to-factory-gate production	Include major-component supply, apparatus assembly and integration, calibration and safety acceptance, and packaging and dispatch.	iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine; epa-security-scanning
boundary_delivery	delivery and installation	Exclude outbound delivery and installation at the factory-gate boundary; include and separately report them only when the declared delivery boundary extends to the customer site.	malta-healthcare-eee
boundary_source_consumables	radioactive and imaging consumables	Keep radiopharmaceuticals, replacement sealed sources, contrast agents, films, and test pieces outside the reference product. Include them only as separately identified operational or test inputs when the declared stage requires them; never use their mass as the apparatus reference flow.	iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine
boundary_use_scenario	use and maintenance	Include use and maintenance only under a declared service-life and workload scenario with mode-specific electricity, cooling, consumables, replacements, and maintenance records.	malta-healthcare-eee; thiel-radiology-lca
boundary_facility_exclusion	buildings and site infrastructure	Exclude the complete facility, room shielding, bunker, building HVAC, and unrelated hospital, factory, or airport operations. Include only shielding, enclosure, cooling, frame, gantry, and controls physically delivered as part of the equipment.	iaea-industrial-radiography; epa-security-scanning
boundary_end_of_life	decommissioning and waste treatment	Include decommissioning and end-of-life only when downstream stages are declared; separate regulated radioactive-source management from equipment dismantling and jurisdiction-specific electrical-equipment treatment.	eu-weee

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
component_supply	Major-component and material supply	required	Always	Records the product-specific radiation subsystem, detector, power, shielding, mechanical, cooling, and control configuration received for assembly.	Mass-normalized purchased and fabricated inputs per 1,000 kg finished apparatus.
apparatus_assembly	Apparatus assembly and integration	required	Always	Integrates electrical, radiation, shielding, mechanical, cooling, and control subsystems.	Integrated apparatus output mass.
calibration_acceptance	Calibration and safety acceptance	required	Always	Tests function, image or inspection performance, interlocks, and applicable radiation-safety characteristics before release.	Tested apparatus output mass and test records.
packaging_dispatch	Packaging and dispatch	required	Always	Packages and releases the reference product at the declared factory-gate boundary.	1,000 kg finished apparatus.
outbound_delivery_installation	Outbound delivery and installation	conditional	Include when delivery_boundary extends beyond manufacturer factory gate.	Models route-specific transport, on-site assembly, commissioning, and installation materials without adding the full facility.	Delivered apparatus and transport service.
use_maintenance	Use and maintenance	conditional	Include when the study covers operation or a life-cycle stage beyond delivery.	Models declared workload, operating modes, cooling, consumables, source replacement, and maintenance.	Declared service life and workload scenario.
decommissioning_eol	Decommissioning and end-of-life	conditional	Include when the study covers decommissioning or end-of-life.	Separates equipment dismantling and material treatment from licensed radioactive-source management.	Apparatus mass sent to each treatment route.

Process: Major-component and material supply (component_supply)

Inputs

Product flows

Radiation generator or integral source assembly (radiation_subsystem)

Record the product-specific X-ray tube and generator or the integral sealed-source holder and exposure mechanism delivered into assembly. Distinguish generator equipment from radioactive-source consumables and record radionuclide and dated activity when an integral source is delivered.

• Selected flow: Manufacturer-specific radiation generator or integral source assembly; select verified upstream component datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; radionuclide and activity / Bq as a separate descriptor when applicable
• Amount rule: Net quantity received and consumed from the bill of materials, adjusted for inventory change and documented rejects
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine

Detector and signal chain (detector_signal_chain)

Record detector heads, arrays, scintillators or sensors, signal electronics, image or inspection processing hardware, and the equipment-dedicated workstation included in delivery.

• Selected flow: Manufacturer-specific detector and signal-chain components; select verified upstream component datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net quantity received and consumed from the product-specific bill of materials
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: fda-medical-xray; iaea-nuclear-medicine

High-voltage power supply and power electronics (high_voltage_supply)

Record the high-voltage generator, transformers, power electronics, distribution units, and equipment-dedicated power-conditioning hardware.

• Selected flow: Manufacturer-specific high-voltage and power-electronic components; select verified upstream component datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net quantity received and consumed from the product-specific bill of materials
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: iaea-industrial-radiography

Integral shielding and enclosure (shielding_enclosure)

Record lead or other shielding, collimators, cabinets, protective curtains, interlocked enclosures, and housings physically delivered with the apparatus. Exclude room and bunker shielding.

• Selected flow: Product-specific shielding materials and enclosure components; select verified upstream material and component datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net material and component quantities from bill-of-material and fabrication records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: iaea-industrial-radiography; epa-security-scanning

Frame, gantry, cabinet, and motion system (frame_gantry)

Record the delivered mechanical frame, gantry or cabinet, patient or object handling system, actuators, bearings, and structural supports.

• Selected flow: Product-specific frame, gantry, cabinet, and motion components; select verified upstream datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net quantity received and consumed from bill-of-material and fabrication records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: iaea-nuclear-medicine

Integral cooling system (cooling_system)

Record chillers, pumps, heat exchangers, fans, coolant circuits, and initial coolant charge physically delivered as part of the apparatus; exclude building HVAC.

• Selected flow: Product-specific cooling equipment, parts, and initial coolant; select verified upstream datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net quantity received and consumed from bill-of-material and initial-fill records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: iaea-industrial-radiography

Controls, interlocks, cabling, and equipment IT (controls_cabling)

Record control panels, safety interlocks, embedded computers, equipment-dedicated workstation, cabling, and communications hardware included in the delivered configuration.

• Selected flow: Product-specific controls, interlocks, cabling, and equipment IT; select verified upstream datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net quantity received and consumed from the product-specific bill of materials
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources: iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Qualified major components and materials (qualified_components)

Transfer all accepted inputs to assembly using the same batch-specific mass ledger.

• Selected flow: Qualified major components and materials for apparatus assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Sum of accepted component and material masses transferred to assembly
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_bom
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Apparatus assembly and integration (apparatus_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Qualified components and materials (assembly_components)

Record the accepted component and material mass entering assembly and retain the declared subsystem split.

• Selected flow: Qualified major components and materials for apparatus assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Transferred quantity from component_supply
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_records
• Sources:

Assembly utilities and consumables (assembly_utilities)

Record metered electricity and measured welding, brazing, joining, cleaning, coating, gases, and other consumables used by the allocated production batch.

• Selected flow: Site-specific assembly electricity and consumables; select verified upstream datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh and Mass / kg, reported as separate inventory exchanges
• Amount rule: Metered or allocated site records after subtracting documented non-production loads
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg integrated apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Integrated apparatus awaiting acceptance (integrated_apparatus)

Record the integrated apparatus mass transferred to calibration and acceptance.

• Selected flow: Integrated apparatus awaiting calibration and safety acceptance
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted input mass plus incorporated consumables minus separately recorded wastes
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg integrated apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Assembly rejects and scrap (assembly_waste)

Record metal, electronic, shielding, cable, coolant, and mixed-material rejects by measured treatment route.

• Selected flow: Site-specific assembly waste by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or inventory-reconciled waste leaving the assembly process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg integrated apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Calibration and safety acceptance (calibration_acceptance)

Inputs

Product flows

Integrated apparatus (acceptance_apparatus)

Record the integrated apparatus entering functional, image or inspection performance, interlock, and radiation-safety acceptance.

• Selected flow: Integrated apparatus awaiting calibration and safety acceptance
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch transfer record from apparatus_assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance_records
• Sources: epa-security-scanning; iaea-nuclear-medicine

Acceptance electricity, cooling, and test consumables (acceptance_inputs)

Record metered test electricity, cooling, calibration objects, films, test pieces, and any temporary source or radiopharmaceutical used for acceptance, each as a separate input and not as part of the reference product.

• Selected flow: Site- and configuration-specific acceptance utilities and consumables; select verified upstream datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh, Volume / m3, Mass / kg, and Activity / Bq as applicable and separately reported
• Amount rule: Metered utilities and issued-minus-returned consumables for accepted and rejected units in the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance_records
• Sources: iaea-industrial-radiography; epa-security-scanning; iaea-nuclear-medicine

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted apparatus (accepted_apparatus)

Record only apparatus that passed the applicable configuration-specific calibration and safety acceptance.

• Selected flow: Accepted apparatus ready for packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass of accepted apparatus released by the quality system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Acceptance rejects and consumed test materials (acceptance_waste)

Record rejected parts, consumed test objects, films, coolant, and other wastes by treatment route. Radioactive materials remain separately identified and under the applicable licensed route.

• Selected flow: Acceptance waste by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg and Activity / Bq as applicable and separately reported
• Amount rule: Measured waste and reject records for the production batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Packaging and dispatch (packaging_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Accepted apparatus (dispatch_apparatus)

Record accepted apparatus entering packaging without substituting package gross mass for product mass.

• Selected flow: Accepted apparatus ready for packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch transfer record from calibration_acceptance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch
• Sources:

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record crates, pallets, cushioning, films, desiccants, shock or tilt indicators, and reusable transport fixtures separately by material.

• Selected flow: Product-specific packaging materials; select verified upstream datasets during dataset construction.
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued-minus-returned packaging materials for the dispatched batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch
• Sources: thiel-radiology-lca

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference product at declared factory gate (reference_apparatus)

This is the exact Tiangong reference product flow. Report net apparatus mass; packaging remains a separate inventory input and shipped-mass descriptor.

• Selected flow: Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations; production mix, at plant f2980f85-95d2-48e8-9b72-8c0f38650d2f
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference amount of 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources:

Waste flows

Packaging and dispatch waste (packaging_waste)

Record packaging offcuts, damaged packaging, and dispatch rejects by measured material and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Packaging and dispatch waste by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or inventory-reconciled waste from the dispatched batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

The following allocation rules are normative:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	separable products, batches, and stages	Avoid allocation by subdivision, product-specific bills of material, batch records, sub-metering, and direct test records wherever practicable.	thiel-radiology-lca
allocation_shared_operations	shared assembly, utilities, testing, and site services	Allocate shared burdens first by a measured causal driver such as machine time, metered energy, test duration, or handled mass. If no causal driver is available, use mass allocation, justify it, and test the result against an alternative plausible driver.
allocation_rework_rejects	rework, rejects, and yield losses	Assign rework energy, consumed components, test burdens, and wastes to the batch that caused them when traceable; otherwise allocate with the same documented driver as the shared operation.
allocation_recycling	recycling, recovery, and disposal	Declare the selected recycling and end-of-life convention, keep input recycled content separate from output recovery credits, and prevent double counting across foreground and upstream datasets.	eu-weee

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_component_bom	component_supply	radiation subsystem, detector, high-voltage supply, shielding, frame or gantry, cooling, controls, accepted components	bill of material, purchase, fabrication, inventory, and source certificate records	part id; material; subsystem; quantity; net mass; supplier; reject; radionuclide; activity; activity date	Reconcile product-specific engineering BOM to purchasing, fabrication, inventory movement, and supplier certificates; flag unweighed or estimated masses.	kg; Bq for the separate activity descriptor	each product configuration and production batch	complete batch; reference period disclosed	all manufacturing sites supplying the declared configuration	Sum accepted net quantities by subsystem; subtract returns; keep rejects and activity descriptors separate.	approved BOM; mass or scale record; supplier declaration; source certificate; reconciliation sign-off
cp_assembly_records	apparatus_assembly	components, utilities, consumables, integrated apparatus, scrap	batch traveller, meter, issue-return, production, and waste records	batch id; input mass; output mass; electricity; consumable; reject mass; waste route; operating time	Use dedicated meters and batch issue-return records where available; otherwise allocate shared records using the declared rule and driver.	kg; kWh; other recorded units converted and disclosed	each batch; utilities at least monthly where batch meters are absent	representative production period covering the batch	declared assembly site	Normalize reconciled batch totals to 1,000 kg integrated output; preserve separate flow rows.	meter record; batch traveller; material ledger; calibrated scale; waste ticket; allocation worksheet
cp_acceptance_records	calibration_acceptance	apparatus, test utilities, test consumables, accepted output, rejects	acceptance protocol, meter, issue-return, calibration, radiation-safety, and reject records	serial or batch id; test type; pass or fail; operating mode; duration; electricity; cooling; consumable; radionuclide; activity; waste	Link configuration-specific acceptance and calibration records to metered utilities and issued test consumables, including failed tests and retests.	kg; kWh; m3; Bq as applicable	every accepted unit or production batch	complete test and retest sequence	declared acceptance site	Sum accepted and rejected test burdens for the batch and normalize to accepted apparatus mass.	signed acceptance record; calibration certificate; safety test; meter log; issue-return record; waste manifest
cp_packaging_dispatch	packaging_dispatch	accepted apparatus, packaging, reference product, dispatch waste	packing list, scale, packaging issue-return, and dispatch records	product net mass; packaging material; packaging mass; gross shipped mass; reusable fixture; waste mass; dispatch date	Reconcile the final net product mass to packing and dispatch records and retain packaging as separate material inputs.	kg	each shipment and batch	complete dispatch batch	declared dispatch site	Sum product net mass separately from packaging and normalize to 1,000 kg reference product.	calibrated scale record; packing list; material issue-return; shipment record; waste ticket
cp_delivery_installation	outbound_delivery_installation	transport and installation	bill of lading, route, installer, and commissioning records	shipped mass; origin; destination; mode; distance; load factor; installation materials; energy; commissioning tests	Collect actual shipment legs and installation records when delivery is in scope; keep building works and room shielding outside unless supplied as equipment.	kg; km; tkm; kWh	each shipment and installation	complete delivery and commissioning period	declared route and customer site	Calculate each transport leg separately; sum installation inputs without merging them into apparatus mass.	carrier record; route evidence; installer log; commissioning acceptance
cp_workload_use	use_maintenance	workload, mode electricity, cooling, consumables, replacements, maintenance	device meter, power logger, service log, procurement, and workload records	radiation basis; application; examination or exposure count; mode; power; duration; standby; shutdown; cooling; consumable; part or source replacement; service life	Measure representative operating modes or use manufacturer-validated logs and link them to the declared workload; do not transfer another model's workload.	kWh; h; count; kg; m3; Bq as applicable	continuous logs or representative campaign; maintenance per event	declared service life or reporting period	declared use site and configuration	Calculate mode-specific totals for the declared workload and service life; report replacements and consumables separately.	meter or validated log; workload extract; service record; purchase record; source certificate
cp_eol_records	decommissioning_eol	dismantling, radioactive-source route, and material treatment	decommissioning plan, waste manifest, recycler, and source-return records	apparatus mass; component; radionuclide; activity; treatment route; recovery; disposal; transport	Reconcile the retired apparatus mass to dismantling outputs and licensed source return or disposal records under the applicable jurisdiction.	kg; Bq; tkm as applicable	each decommissioning event	complete decommissioning and treatment chain	declared use site and treatment routes	Sum mass by treatment route; keep radioactive-source management separate and report unresolved mass.	decommissioning certificate; licensed manifest; recycler receipt; mass balance; transport record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_mass_normalization	all production inventory	Normalized amount = collected batch amount / accepted net apparatus mass × 1,000 kg.	collected batch amount; accepted net apparatus mass	amount per 1,000 kg finished apparatus
calc_component_reconciliation	component supply and assembly	Accepted components + incorporated consumables = integrated apparatus + separately recorded rejects and losses, within declared measurement uncertainty.	component masses; incorporated consumables; output mass; waste and reject mass	reconciled subsystem and process mass balance
calc_delivery_tkm	outbound delivery	Transport service for each leg = gross shipped mass in tonnes × actual leg distance in kilometres.	product net mass; packaging mass; transport fixture mass; distance	tkm by mode and leg
calc_workload_energy	use and maintenance	Scenario electricity = sum over operating modes of measured or validated mode power × mode duration for the declared workload; add separately measured cooling and standby loads only once.	power by mode; duration by mode; workload; cooling and standby records	kWh per declared workload and service life	malta-healthcare-eee; thiel-radiology-lca
calc_replacement_inventory	maintenance and source replacement	Lifetime replacement amount = recorded amount per replacement × declared replacement count; retain each part, coolant, and radioactive source as a separate exchange.	replacement event records; amounts; service life; replacement count	replacement inventory per declared service life
calc_eol_balance	decommissioning and end-of-life	Input retired apparatus mass = recovered material + reuse outputs + treatment waste + disposal + explicitly unresolved mass, within declared uncertainty.	decommissioning mass; route-specific outputs	end-of-life mass balance	eu-weee

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_configuration	product identity	Records shall resolve to one declared radiation basis, application, complete equipment configuration, geography, and reference year; mixed portfolios shall be disaggregated or transparently weighted.	product specification; serial or configuration list; production mix calculation
dq_primary_data	required production stages	Use product- and site-specific BOM, batch, meter, calibration, packaging, and waste records. Document every allocation and secondary dataset substitution.	protocols cp_component_bom through cp_packaging_dispatch; allocation worksheet; dataset mapping log
dq_workload	conditional use stage	Workload and mode data shall match the declared apparatus configuration and use site or scenario; a single published scanner or facility result is not category-default evidence.	protocol cp_workload_use; meter records; workload extract; scenario statement
dq_source_chain	all external and upstream data	Record source id, version or publication date, retrieval date, geography, technology, and the decision supported.	source register; upstream dataset metadata; retrieval log
dq_uncertainty	collected and allocated values	Report measurement uncertainty, missing records, estimates, temporal coverage, and sensitivity to material allocation or workload assumptions.	calibration status; data-gap register; sensitivity results

9. Validation Rules

The following validation rules are normative:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity	category and reference flow	Confirm CPC 3.0 code 48110 and exact Tiangong product flow UUID f2980f85-95d2-48e8-9b72-8c0f38650d2f; reject a standalone detector, subassembly kit, service, complete facility, non-ionizing scanner, or narrow model presented as the category.
validate_variant_axes	required qualifiers	Require both radiation_basis and application, plus equipment configuration, fixed or mobile state, generator or sealed-source status, detector technology, geography, and reference year.	fda-medical-xray; iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine; epa-security-scanning
validate_reference_uuid	quantitative reference	Require Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, reference unit kg, and exactly 1,000 kg reference product output.
validate_component_completeness	component declaration	Require separate declarations for the radiation generator or source assembly, detector and signal chain, high-voltage supply, integral shielding, frame or gantry, cooling, and controls; permit not_applicable only with a configuration-specific explanation.	iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine; epa-security-scanning
validate_mass_balance	production inventory	Reconcile component, assembly, acceptance, and packaging records to the net reference-product mass, with packaging and wastes separate and discrepancies explained within stated uncertainty.
validate_workload	use and maintenance when included	Require a configuration-specific workload and mode schedule, service life, power or electricity evidence, cooling, consumables, replacement, and maintenance assumptions; reject an undeclared single-model or single-facility proxy.	malta-healthcare-eee; thiel-radiology-lca
validate_delivery_boundary	delivery and installation	Require delivery_boundary; if beyond factory gate, require shipped mass, route, mode, distance, installation inputs, and commissioning records while excluding unrelated site construction.	malta-healthcare-eee
validate_source_consumables	radioactive and test consumables	Keep radiopharmaceuticals, replacement sources, contrast agents, films, and test pieces separate from apparatus mass; require radionuclide, dated activity, and licensed management route when radioactive material is present.	iaea-industrial-radiography; iaea-nuclear-medicine
validate_facility_exclusion	facility boundary	Confirm that room or bunker shielding, building HVAC, and unrelated hospital, factory, or airport activities are not used as a proxy for the delivered equipment.	iaea-industrial-radiography; epa-security-scanning
validate_source_traceability	evidence and upstream data	Require stable source ids and retrieval dates for external rules, and versioned identity, geography, technology, and temporal metadata for upstream datasets.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product- and site-specific foreground data package for manufacturing complete CPC 48110 apparatus, with conditional delivery, use, maintenance, and end-of-life extensions.
downstream_use	Publication as a TianGong foreground process and construction of a lifecyclemodel for the declared apparatus configuration and scenario.
allowed_use	Comparative or attributional modelling when radiation basis, application, configuration, workload, geography, reference year, delivery boundary, system boundary, and data quality match the study.
excluded_use	Representing a complete medical, industrial, or security facility; representing radiopharmaceuticals or replacement sources as the apparatus; representing standalone detectors, parts, services, or non-ionizing scanners; extrapolating one model or use site to the whole category without a disclosed production mix.
required_metadata	PCR id; CPC reference; Tiangong reference UUIDs; radiation basis; application; equipment configuration; generator or sealed-source status; detector; high-voltage supply; shielding; frame or gantry; cooling; workload; delivery boundary; service life when applicable; geography; reference year; production sites; source register.
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; BOM and mass-balance coverage; meter and calibration coverage; allocation drivers; secondary-dataset substitutions; workload derivation; missing values; uncertainty; estimates; exclusions; sensitivity results.
update_trigger	Change in radiation or detector technology, apparatus configuration, shielding or cooling design, production route or site, energy and workload profile, delivery boundary, source-management practice, applicable end-of-life law, or any reference UUID or source evidence.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-48110	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC detail 48110, “Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations.” https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Detail/EN/1073/48110 (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Official category title and apparatus-level identity context; the repository's CPC 3.0 source remains authoritative for the declared version.
fda-medical-xray	official_guidance	U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Medical X-ray Imaging.” https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-imaging/medical-x-ray-imaging (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Medical X-ray modality split and the generator-to-detector imaging chain.
iaea-industrial-radiography	official_guidance	International Atomic Energy Agency, Radiation Safety in Industrial Radiography, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-11, 2011. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1466_web.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Industrial X-ray and gamma-radiography configurations; generator, source container, shielding, controls, cables, collimation, cooling, and licensed source-management boundaries.
iaea-nuclear-medicine	handbook	International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Medicine Resources Manual, 2020 Edition, IAEA Human Health Series No. 37, 2020. https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/P1861_web.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Gamma-camera and nuclear-imaging equipment components, detector heads, electronics, workstations, gantries, patient handling, and separation of radiopharmaceuticals from equipment.
epa-security-scanning	official_guidance	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Radiation and Airport Security Scanning.” https://www.epa.gov/radtown/radiation-and-airport-security-scanning (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Cabinet X-ray security use, integral shielding and interlocks, and testing, calibration, and maintenance requirements.
malta-healthcare-eee	official_guidance	Government of Malta, Electric & Electronic Equipment Used in Health Care, Green Public Procurement National Action Plan. https://gpp.gov.mt/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Electric-and-Electronic-Equipment.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Configuration-specific installation, operating-mode, workload, energy, consumable, maintenance, spare-parts, and end-of-life information requirements. No document default value is adopted.
thiel-radiology-lca	literature	Thiel et al., “Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of a U.S. Hospital-based Radiology Practice,” Radiology 313(2), 2024, e240398. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.240398 (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Foreground BOM, packaging, delivery, mode-specific electricity, and workload data collection; its single-practice and equipment results are not category defaults.
eu-weee	standard	European Parliament and Council, Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), consolidated text. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/19/2018-07-04 (retrieved 2026-08-09).	Jurisdiction-dependent electrical-equipment collection and treatment boundary; apply only when the equipment and waste stream fall within the applicable legal scope.