Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory-gate production of complete electrical test-and-measurement instruments that display a waveform on a cathode-ray tube, including instruments that make a permanent cathode-ray waveform record. It excludes digital or LCD oscilloscopes without a cathode-ray display, standalone cathode-ray tubes, monitors and televisions, generic meters, probes and accessories, repair, use, and end-of-life treatment. It applies to new packaged instruments; refurbished products require a separately declared route.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.cathode-ray-oscilloscopes-and-cathode-ray-oscillographs
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48242 (exact classification context)
covered_products	Complete cathode-ray oscilloscopes; complete cathode-ray oscillographs that display and record electrical waveforms
excluded_products	Digital/LCD oscilloscopes without a cathode-ray display; standalone cathode-ray tubes; monitors; televisions; probes; parts; accessories; repair services; refurbished instruments
representative_product	Packaged, calibrated cathode-ray oscilloscope ready for sale
production_route	Purchased component receipt, instrument assembly, calibration and electrical safety testing, and protective packaging
market_state	New, complete, packaged instrument at the manufacturer factory gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A complete cathode-ray oscilloscope or cathode-ray oscillograph that displays an input signal as a cathode-ray waveform and, when applicable, records it
How much	1 kg of packaged reference product
How well	Conforming to the declared model specification and passed calibration, functional, and applicable measuring-circuit safety tests
How long or cycle	One completed manufacturing cycle to factory-gate release; use life is outside the boundary
reference_flow_link	finished_instrument

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs 0b3b194a-85eb-4034-8599-9f44eb63f98b
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model; oscilloscope or oscillograph; analogue bandwidth; channel count; recording capability; CRT type and size; mains rating; applicable measuring-circuit category; calibration status; packaging included; production geography; production period

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	packaged reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine net packaged-product mass on calibrated scales; include sale packaging and exclude pallets and reusable transport fixtures.
component_mass	material and component inputs and waste outputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert receipt, issue, return, and waste records to a consistent mass basis and disclose it.
electricity_energy	purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Convert metered kWh using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; disclose voltage, grid geography, losses, and meter allocation.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased CRTs, boards, housings, conductors, packaging, and electricity cross the manufacturing-site receiving boundary
starting_condition_role	Cradle-to-gate upstream products supplied to the foreground instrument-manufacturing system
product_classification_scope	Complete cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs, independent of model-specific bandwidth or channel count
recursive_input_rule	A same-category instrument entering for incorporation or remanufacture is a separate input with its own upstream dataset; it is not silently folded into the reference product
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased product and energy input requires a geographically and technologically representative upstream dataset or an explicit data gap
disclosure	Declare purchased-versus-in-house component boundaries, board population state, CRT type, housing material, packaging configuration, rework, test duration, electricity allocation, exclusions, and cut-offs

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_rule_1	foreground manufacturing	Include component receipt, instrument assembly, calibration and electrical safety testing, packaging, direct wastes, and packaged output.	us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001; iec-61010-2-030-2017
boundary_rule_2	purchased inputs	Keep upstream CRT, board, metal, plastic, copper, packaging, and electricity production in linked upstream datasets; do not duplicate them in foreground assembly.	us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001
boundary_rule_3	exclusions	Exclude capital equipment, employee travel, distribution, use, repair, and end-of-life unless the study expands and reports them separately.	eu-jrc-ilcd-lca-detailed-guidance-2010

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
instrument_assembly	Instrument mechanical and electrical assembly	required	All products	Foreground production	kg assembled product sent to test
calibration_and_safety_test	Calibration, functional test, and electrical safety test	required	All products; programme follows declared model and market requirements	Foreground conditioning	kg conforming product sent to packaging
protective_packaging	Protective packaging	required	Each packaging component is recorded only when present in the declared configuration	Foreground packaging	1 kg packaged reference product

Process: Instrument mechanical and electrical assembly (instrument_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Cathode-ray tube (cathode_ray_tube)

Record the finished tube issued to assembly and retain its specification and supplier.

• Selected flow: Cathode-ray tube
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass issued minus unused returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_mass
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Printed wiring board (printed_wire_board)

Record the board issued to assembly and retain its population state and function.

• Selected flow: Printed Wire Board a8bd954c-59b3-4317-b4de-02a17d6da5ca
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net board mass incorporated; declare bare or populated state
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_mass
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Steel sheet for shields and enclosure parts (steel_sheet)

Record this exchange when steel sheet is incorporated in shields, chassis, or enclosure parts.

• Selected flow: Steel sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net incorporated steel-sheet mass; record only when present
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_mass
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Plastic housing (plastic_housing)

Record the complete housing issued to assembly and retain its polymer composition.

• Selected flow: Plastic housing 8751d2f6-df48-47d3-ac51-d34f96fbec96
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net housing mass incorporated; disclose polymer and recycled content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_mass
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Copper wire (copper_wire)

Record wire incorporated outside purchased boards and CRT subassemblies to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: copper wire da2d966d-fe62-44dc-ba0f-b1cd7c7cf33e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net incorporated wire outside purchased boards and CRT subassemblies
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_mass
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Assembly electricity (assembly_electricity)

Record metered electricity attributable to mechanical and electrical assembly.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: allocated metered assembly electricity converted to MJ
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_electricity

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Broken cathode-ray-tube glass (broken_crt_glass)

Record broken CRT glass separately because its composition and treatment differ from ordinary glass.

• Selected flow: Broken cathode-ray-tube glass waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred off the assembly line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_waste
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Rejected populated printed wiring board (waste_populated_pwb)

Record populated boards rejected before off-site recovery or treatment.

• Selected flow: Waste populated printed wiring board eb5ffe4a-49af-450c-9a31-3efdfd343f8a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected populated-board mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_waste
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Polystyrene housing scrap (polystyrene_housing_scrap)

Record housing scrap separately from packaging waste.

• Selected flow: Polystyrene housing scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured housing scrap mass; keep separate from packaging waste
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_waste
• Sources: us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001

Elementary flows

Process: Calibration, functional test, and electrical safety test (calibration_and_safety_test)

Inputs

Product flows

Test electricity (test_electricity)

Record electricity used by powered instruments and test equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: allocated metered electricity for powered units and test equipment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_electricity
• Sources: iec-61010-2-030-2017

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Protective packaging (protective_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Corrugated fibreboard box (corrugated_box)

Record the converted corrugated box included with the sale-ready instrument.

• Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass consumed net of unused returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_mass

Expanded-polystyrene protective packaging (expanded_polystyrene_packaging)

Record moulded inserts when present in the declared packaging configuration.

• Selected flow: Expanded-polystyrene protective packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured insert mass consumed net of unused returns; record only when present
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_mass

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged finished instrument (finished_instrument)

Record only conforming instruments released with the declared sale packaging.

• Selected flow: Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs 0b3b194a-85eb-4034-8599-9f44eb63f98b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fixed normalization output of 1 kg packaged reference product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_rule_1	separable production	Avoid allocation by separately metering assembly, test, and packaging and assigning model-specific component issues directly.	eu-jrc-ilcd-lca-detailed-guidance-2010
allocation_rule_2	shared utilities and wastes	Allocate shared electricity and waste using measured equipment time, test time, mass, or another causal physical driver; disclose it.	eu-jrc-ilcd-lca-detailed-guidance-2010
allocation_rule_3	saleable scrap	Report gross input, incorporated mass, scrap output, and credited recovery separately; do not subtract revenue or avoided burden without a declared method.	eu-jrc-ilcd-lca-detailed-guidance-2010

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_component_mass	instrument_assembly	component inputs	ERP issue and return plus BOM	model; lot; component; issued; returned; board state; supplier	Reconcile stores movements and weigh representative components	kg	each lot; monthly aggregation	12 representative months or full campaign	all in-scope assembly lines	net issued mass / packaged output mass	scale calibration; stock reconciliation; BOM revision
cp_process_electricity	instrument_assembly; calibration_and_safety_test	process electricity	submeter or allocated site meter	start; end; process hours; output mass; driver	Read calibrated meters and separate assembly from test where feasible	kWh	each shift or batch	same period as production	all lines and test stations	kWh × 3.6 / packaged output mass	meter calibration; allocation worksheet; downtime log
cp_assembly_waste	instrument_assembly	assembly waste	labelled container and transfer records	identity; composition; gross; tare; net; destination	Weigh each segregated stream before transfer	kg	each transfer	same period as production	all assembly lines	net mass by flow / packaged output mass	scale calibration; manifests; recovery certificates
cp_packaging_mass	protective_packaging	sale packaging	issue and return records	component; material; issued; returned; output mass	Reconcile stores and sample-weigh components	kg	each lot; monthly aggregation	same period as production	all packaging lines in scope	net consumed / packaged output mass	scale calibration; specification; reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_material	component and packaging rows	(issued mass - unused returned mass) / released packaged-product mass	issue, return, and output records	kg input/kg reference product
calc_electricity	electricity rows	(metered kWh × 3.6) / released packaged-product mass	meter readings and output mass	MJ/kg reference product
calc_waste	waste rows	sum(gross container mass - tare) / released packaged-product mass	container weights and output mass	kg waste/kg reference product

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all flows	Preserve supplier grade, component state, polymer, CRT composition, destination, and UUID decision; never use an umbrella flow.	specifications, BOM, manifests, UUID audit
dq_temporal	foreground inventory	Use 12 representative months or the complete campaign; disclose shutdowns, trials, and exceptional scrap.	dated meters, ERP, production, and waste records
dq_completeness	balances	Reconcile accepted output, rejects, returns, and wastes; explain residuals and cut-offs.	reconciliation worksheet and signed review
dq_measurement	scales and meters	Use calibrated instruments and retain status, resolution, and allocation worksheets.	certificates and meter logs

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_rule_1	product identity	Confirm a cathode-ray display and complete oscilloscope or oscillograph; reject digital/LCD-only instruments, parts, and monitors.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; teledyne-lecroy-oscilloscope-overview-zh
validation_rule_2	reference flow	Confirm finished-product UUID, Mass, kg, 1 kg normalization, packaging boundary, and every required qualifier.
validation_rule_3	inventory	Require all 13 row ids or documented non-applicability for BOM-dependent rows; disclose UUID gaps and range-evidence needs.	us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001
validation_rule_4	balances	Recalculate materials, electricity, waste, and output normalization; investigate duplicate board/CRT content and unexplained mass.	eu-jrc-ilcd-lca-detailed-guidance-2010
validation_rule_5	tests	Retain passed functional, calibration, and applicable measuring-circuit safety-test evidence.	iec-61010-2-030-2017

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing dataset for new cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Cradle-to-gate studies with compatible model, technology, geography, time, packaging, and test scope
excluded_use	Digital/LCD oscilloscopes, monitors, televisions, standalone CRTs, refurbished products, use, repair, or end-of-life without separate modelling
required_metadata	model; type; bandwidth; channels; recording; CRT; mains; measuring category; calibration; board state; housing; packaging; site; period; allocation; cut-offs; UUID gaps
required_quality_disclosure	record coverage, calibration, BOM revision, supplier coverage, mass reconciliation, waste destinations, allocation drivers, exceptional scrap, UUID gaps, and missing range evidence
update_trigger	Material change in CRT, board, housing, packaging, site, test programme, allocation, upstream data, or confirmed TianGong identities

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Official CPC 48242 identity
un-cpc-1-1-chinese	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 1.1, Chinese edition, Series M No. 77/Ver.1.1, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/M_77ver1_1c.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Official Chinese rendering of the unchanged CPC 48242 product title
us-epa-desktop-computer-displays-lca-2001	literature	US EPA, Desktop Computer Displays: A Life-Cycle Assessment, Volume 1, EPA 744-R-01-004a, December 2001, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2014-01/documents/computer_display_lca.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Analogous CRT decomposition, components, and assembly waste; no amount ranges transferred
iec-61010-2-030-2017	standard	IEC 61010-2-030:2017, Safety requirements for equipment having testing or measuring circuits, https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/31488 (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Measuring-circuit scope and safety-test qualification
eu-jrc-ilcd-lca-detailed-guidance-2010	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance, first edition, 2010, https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/ILCD-Handbook-General-guide-for-LCA-DETAILED-GUIDANCE-12March2010-ISBN-fin-v1.0-EN.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Scope and inventory review; subdivision/direct assignment to avoid allocation; causal physical allocation relationships
teledyne-lecroy-oscilloscope-overview-zh	handbook	Teledyne LeCroy, Oscilloscope technical overview (Chinese), https://zh-cn.teledynelecroy.com/oscilloscope/ (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Chinese terminology and CRT analogue-oscilloscope function