Chemical preparations for photographic uses, except varnishes, adhesives and the like; unmixed products for photographic uses, put up in measured portions or put up for retail sale in a form ready for use

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs cradle-to-gate foreground data packages for manufacturing saleable photographic chemical preparations and qualifying unmixed photographic chemicals in measured portions or retail-ready form. It covers liquid concentrates, ready-to-use solutions, dry measured products, developers, stop baths, fixers, bleaches, bleach-fixes, toners, stabilizers, wetting agents and sensitizing emulsions. Product use in a photographic laboratory, film or paper processing, silver recovery after use, and end-of-life treatment after sale are outside the foreground boundary.

The record excludes photographic plates, film, paper and equipment; bulk unmixed chemicals not portioned or retail-ready for photographic use; printing-plate developers classified outside this product boundary; and varnishes, glues, adhesives and similar preparations. The authoritative CPC title establishes the classification boundary, while the product family and composition rules are supported by un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025, us-epa-photographic-processing-1981 and ilford-rapid-fixer-sds-2024.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.chemical-preparations-for-photographic-uses-except-varnishes-adhesives-and-the-like-unm-7f367005
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48342 (exact classification context)
covered_products	Photographic developer, stop-bath, fixer, bleach, bleach-fix, toner, stabilizer, wetting-agent and sensitizing-emulsion preparations; qualifying unmixed photographic chemicals in measured portions or retail-ready form
excluded_products	Varnishes, glues, adhesives and similar preparations; photographic film, plates and paper; photographic equipment; printing-plate developer outside CPC 48342; bulk unmixed chemicals not portioned or retail-ready for photographic use
representative_product	Photographic developer solution
production_route	Receipt and dosing of purchased ingredients; aqueous dissolution or liquid blending, or dry blending/milling when applicable; optional onsite sensitizing-emulsion preparation; filtration or finishing as required; filling, packing and release
market_state	Declared as liquid concentrate, ready-to-use liquid, dry measured portion, retail-ready unmixed product, or sensitizing emulsion; net product mass excludes packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of a saleable photographic chemical preparation meeting the declared formulation and release specification at the factory gate
How much	1 kg net photographic chemical preparation, excluding primary and secondary packaging
How well	Product family, formulation version, physical state, concentration or dilution status, relevant active ingredients, release specification and packaging configuration are declared and conform to batch quality records
How long or cycle	One released production batch delivered at the factory gate; no use-duration service is included
reference_flow_link	pk_reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net saleable preparation
Reference product flow	Photographic developer solution 1ad173c7-fe76-44fa-9f02-9942dbe1bcbc
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product family; formulation or recipe version; liquid or dry physical state; concentrate, ready-to-use, measured-portion or retail-ready state; active-ingredient identities and as-supplied concentrations; release specification; primary and secondary packaging; production geography; batch and reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package. The confirmed reference UUID is the representative developer solution; datasets for another covered product family must state that family explicitly and must not relabel the confirmed developer flow as another preparation.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize to net released preparation mass; exclude packaging mass and unreleased off-specification material from the denominator.
ingredient_as_supplied_mass	formulation ingredients	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record each purchased ingredient as supplied; disclose purity, solution concentration and water content needed to interpret active-ingredient mass.
water_mass_basis	process water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use metered mass or convert volume using batch-specific density and temperature; disclose the conversion.
electricity_energy_basis	electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electrical energy and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ without treating electricity as material mass.
wastewater_volume_basis	equipment-cleaning wastewater	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record transferred wastewater volume and disclose whether recycled water, retained product and entrained rinse water are included.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary begins when purchased ingredients, process water and packaging materials cross the manufacturing-site boundary. It includes onsite receipt and dosing, dissolution or blending, applicable dry milling, applicable sensitizing-emulsion preparation, filtration and finishing, filling and packaging, quality control, equipment cleaning, onsite waste handling before transfer, and direct measured releases. Upstream production and delivery of purchased inputs require geographically and technologically representative linked datasets. Downstream photographic processing and product end of life are excluded.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased ingredients and packaging are received at the manufacturing site in the supplier-declared grade and concentration; any internally produced ingredient is identified separately
starting_condition_role	Cradle-to-gate entry point for purchased inputs and beginning of the foreground formulation system
product_classification_scope	Photographic chemical preparations and qualifying measured-portion or retail-ready unmixed photographic products within the declared category boundary
recursive_input_rule	When a purchased photographic preparation from the same category is used as an input, record that specific preparation once with its upstream dataset; do not recursively decompose it unless verified supplier composition and non-overlapping upstream data are available
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased ingredient, water, electricity and packaging item to a dataset matching geography, technology, grade, concentration and delivery boundary
disclosure	Disclose purchased-versus-onsite ingredient production, product family, formulation version, batch scale, physical state, concentration, packaging configuration, control technology, recycled-water or rework loops, and all exclusions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_formulation_operations	foreground manufacturing	Include mixing, blending, milling or other chemical-preparation operations actually used, together with filling, cleaning, waste transfer and measured direct releases; omit a route only with batch evidence that it did not occur.	us-epa-chemical-preparations-neshap-2009
boundary_product_family	category scope	Keep photographic processing at the customer outside the foreground system, but use the declared photographic product family and as-sold state to determine which manufacturing ingredients and unit operations apply.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; us-epa-photographic-processing-1981; ilford-rapid-fixer-sds-2024
boundary_same_category_input	recursive product input	A purchased same-category preparation is one atomic product input with an upstream dataset and may not be double-counted through both the supplier preparation and its unverified constituent recipe.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
formulation	Ingredient dosing and photographic-chemical formulation	required		Foreground receipt, dosing, dissolution, blending, filtration and applicable dry milling	Net batch mass transferred to filling
sensitizing_emulsion_preparation	Sensitizing-emulsion preparation	conditional	Include only when a sensitizing emulsion is manufactured onsite rather than purchased as a finished preparation	Foreground precipitation, ripening, washing and sensitization operations	Released sensitizing-emulsion mass transferred to filling
finishing_packaging	Filling, packaging and product release	required		Foreground filling, closure, secondary packing and quality release	1 kg net released reference product
equipment_cleaning	Equipment cleaning and wastewater transfer	required		Foreground campaign cleaning, retained-product accounting and wastewater transfer	Cleaning records allocated to released product

Process: Ingredient dosing and photographic-chemical formulation (formulation)

Inputs

Product flows

Formulation process water (fm_process_water)

Record water incorporated into liquid or wet-process preparations; exclude equipment-cleaning water recorded under cl_process_water.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: batch-metered or recipe-issued water incorporated into the formulation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources:

Formulation electricity (fm_electricity)

Record electricity for dosing, agitation, pumping, temperature control, filtration and applicable milling attributable to the formulation batch.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated to the formulation batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources:

Hydroquinone developing agent (fm_hydroquinone)

Include only for a formulation whose verified recipe contains hydroquinone; keep the flow UUID unresolved until an exact public state-100 identity is available.

• Selected flow: Hydroquinone
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied hydroquinone mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Sodium carbonate activator (fm_sodium_carbonate)

Include only when sodium carbonate is an ingredient in the declared formulation.

• Selected flow: Sodium carbonate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied sodium carbonate mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Sodium hydroxide activator (fm_sodium_hydroxide)

Include only when sodium hydroxide is an ingredient in the declared formulation; disclose concentration and product state.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied sodium hydroxide mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Sodium sulfite preservative (fm_sodium_sulfite)

Include only when sodium sulfite is an ingredient in the declared formulation; do not substitute metabisulfite or hydrosulfite under this row.

• Selected flow: Sodium sulfite b52e5a0a-75f6-4f96-8972-73811e95fede
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied sodium sulfite mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Ammonium thiosulfate fixing agent (fm_ammonium_thiosulfate)

Include only for fixer or bleach-fix formulations containing ammonium thiosulfate; keep the UUID unresolved rather than using sodium thiosulfate.

• Selected flow: Ammonium thiosulfate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied ammonium thiosulfate mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981; ilford-rapid-fixer-sds-2024

Acetic acid acidifier (fm_acetic_acid)

Include only for stop-bath, fixer or other declared formulations containing acetic acid; disclose as-supplied concentration.

• Selected flow: Acetic acid (acetic acid) c7564d76-47c4-440c-9eb8-3242c38eeb1b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied acetic acid mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Ferric ammonium EDTA bleaching agent (fm_ferric_ammonium_edta)

Include only for a verified bleach or bleach-fix recipe containing ferric ammonium EDTA; do not substitute another ferric salt.

• Selected flow: Ferric ammonium EDTA
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied ferric ammonium EDTA mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Potassium bromide restrainer (fm_potassium_bromide)

Include only when potassium bromide is present in the declared developer or related formulation.

• Selected flow: Potassium bromide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied potassium bromide mass issued to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Off-specification photographic chemical preparation (fm_offspec_preparation)

Record unreworked rejected product transferred to internal or external waste management; exclude material returned to the same batch before release.

• Selected flow: Off-specification photographic chemical preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed unreworked off-specification preparation leaving the foreground production system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Fine particles to air from dry handling (fm_pm25_air)

Include only when dry charging, blending or milling produces measured PM0.2-PM2.5 emissions after onsite controls; do not use this row for larger particles or another air compartment.

• Selected flow: Particles (PM0.2 - PM2.5) 4d9a8790-3ddd-11dd-936e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or control-device-calculated PM0.2-PM2.5 released to unspecified air
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-chemical-preparations-neshap-2009

Process: Sensitizing-emulsion preparation (sensitizing_emulsion_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Sensitizing-emulsion process water (se_process_water)

Record water incorporated into or used as process water for an onsite sensitizing-emulsion batch; cleaning water remains under cl_process_water.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: batch-metered process water attributable to onsite sensitizing-emulsion preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released sensitizing emulsion
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emulsion_records
• Sources:

Sensitizing-emulsion electricity (se_electricity)

Record electricity for precipitation, agitation, temperature control, washing, ripening and sensitization when those operations occur onsite.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated to the onsite sensitizing-emulsion batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released sensitizing emulsion
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emulsion_records
• Sources:

Silver nitrate precursor (se_silver_nitrate)

Include only for onsite silver-halide sensitizing-emulsion preparation and record the as-supplied precursor mass.

• Selected flow: Silver nitrate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied silver nitrate mass issued to the emulsion batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released sensitizing emulsion
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emulsion_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Photographic-grade gelatin (se_gelatin)

Include only for onsite gelatin-based sensitizing-emulsion preparation; disclose grade and animal or other source where known.

• Selected flow: Photographic-grade gelatin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied photographic-grade gelatin mass issued to the emulsion batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released sensitizing emulsion
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emulsion_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Potassium bromide halide precursor (se_potassium_bromide)

Include only when potassium bromide is used to form the declared onsite silver-halide emulsion.

• Selected flow: Potassium bromide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied potassium bromide mass issued to the emulsion batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released sensitizing emulsion
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emulsion_records
• Sources: us-epa-photographic-processing-1981

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Photographic sensitizing emulsion (se_sensitizing_emulsion)

Record released sensitizing emulsion transferred to filling or sold as the covered product; the UUID remains unresolved and may not be replaced with the confirmed developer-solution UUID.

• Selected flow: Photographic sensitizing emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: released sensitizing-emulsion mass from batch records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released sensitizing emulsion
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_emulsion_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Filling, packaging and product release (finishing_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

High-density polyethylene primary bottle (pk_hdpe_bottle)

Include only when the declared liquid product is filled into an HDPE bottle; record the finished bottle mass including its inseparable closure only when supplied as one purchased item.

• Selected flow: High-density polyethylene bottle
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased finished HDPE bottle mass consumed for released product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Corrugated secondary box (pk_corrugated_box)

Include only when corrugated board boxes are used for the declared sale unit or shipping configuration.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased corrugated box mass consumed for released product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Filling and packaging electricity (pk_electricity)

Record electricity for transfer pumps, filling, closure, labelling, packing and release-line operation attributable to the product.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated to filling and packaging released product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Released photographic developer solution (pk_reference_product)

This is the representative reference output. Another covered product family must use a separately confirmed product identity and must not retain this developer UUID under a different name.

• Selected flow: Photographic developer solution 1ad173c7-fe76-44fa-9f02-9942dbe1bcbc
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: net released product mass calculated from accepted fill units and verified net fill mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Equipment cleaning and wastewater transfer (equipment_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Equipment-cleaning process water (cl_process_water)

Record fresh process water used to rinse formulation, transfer and filling equipment; separately disclose verified recycled rinse water that does not cross the system boundary.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered fresh cleaning water allocated to released product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Photographic-chemical equipment-cleaning wastewater (cl_photochemical_wastewater)

Record the liquid waste transferred to onsite or external treatment from cleaning manufacturing equipment; characterize product family, pH, relevant hazardous constituents and destination.

• Selected flow: Equipment-cleaning wastewater containing photographic chemicals
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: transferred wastewater volume after subtracting verified closed-loop reuse and retained product returned to the same batch
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	formulation, filling and cleaning	Prefer batch, line or campaign subdivision and direct metering so burdens are assigned without allocation.
allocation_rework	off-specification material returned to process	Keep reworked material and its additional processing inside the foreground system; do not credit it as a co-product or count it as waste.
allocation_shared_operations	shared electricity, cleaning and quality-control services	After subdivision, allocate remaining shared burdens by a documented physical driver such as equipment time, metered throughput or net processed mass; disclose the driver and test material alternatives.
allocation_recovered_material	material sent for external recovery	Report the outgoing waste or recoverable material at the site boundary without avoided-burden credit unless the study goal applies a separately disclosed consequential method.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_formulation_records	formulation	ingredients, utilities and off-specification material	batch recipe, weigh ticket, issue log, meter and disposition record	batch_id; formulation_version; ingredient_id; supplier_lot; as_supplied_mass; purity_or_concentration; water_mass; electricity; rework_mass; offspec_mass; disposition	Reconcile signed recipe issues, calibrated scales, batch meters and release or waste records	kg; MJ	every batch	all batches in the reporting period	all in-scope formulation lines	Sum by atomic flow and divide by net released product mass; retain product-family separation	calibration records; recipe approval; supplier certificate; batch reconciliation; disposition record
cp_emulsion_records	sensitizing_emulsion_preparation	emulsion precursors, utilities and output	batch recipe, weigh ticket, process meter and release record	batch_id; emulsion_recipe; silver_nitrate_mass; gelatin_mass; potassium_bromide_mass; water_mass; electricity; released_emulsion_mass	Reconcile issued precursors and metered utilities with released emulsion	kg; MJ	every applicable batch	all onsite sensitizing-emulsion batches in the reporting period	all in-scope emulsion lines	Sum each atomic flow and divide by released sensitizing-emulsion mass	calibration records; recipe approval; supplier certificates; batch release record
cp_packaging_records	finishing_packaging	packaging, line electricity and released product	packaging bill of materials, inventory issue, fill counter, net-fill check and meter	product_code; package_configuration; bottle_mass; box_mass; accepted_unit_count; rejected_unit_count; verified_net_fill_mass; electricity	Reconcile purchased packaging issues, accepted fills, rejected fills, net-fill checks and line meters	kg; MJ; item	every filling batch	all released batches in the reporting period	all in-scope filling lines	Calculate consumed packaging and electricity per net released product mass	bill of materials; scale calibration; fill-control chart; inventory reconciliation; meter record
cp_cleaning_records	equipment_cleaning	cleaning water and wastewater	cleaning log, inlet meter, transfer meter and waste manifest	campaign_id; product_family; fresh_water_mass; recycled_water_mass; retained_product_returned; wastewater_volume; destination; pH; relevant_constituents	Reconcile cleaning events, water meters, storage-tank transfer and waste shipment	kg; m3	every cleaning event	all cleaning events attributable to reporting-period batches	all in-scope formulation and filling equipment	Allocate by causal campaign; subtract only verified closed-loop reuse and same-batch retained product	meter calibration; signed cleaning log; wastewater analysis; transfer or manifest record
cp_air_emissions	formulation	PM0.2-PM2.5 direct emission	stack test, continuous or periodic measurement, material balance and control-device record	source_id; operating_hours; measured_pm25; exhaust_flow; control_efficiency; bypass_hours; dry_material_throughput	Use applicable measured emissions or a documented calculation from measured activity and control performance	kg	each test and reporting interval	all dry handling, blending or milling operation in the reporting period	all in-scope controlled and uncontrolled sources	Sum releases to the declared compartment and divide by net released product mass	test report; instrument calibration; control inspection; bypass log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_mass	pk_reference_product	Net released mass = accepted sale units × verified mean net fill mass; exclude packaging and rejected or unreleased material.	accepted_unit_count; verified_net_fill_mass	kg net released product
calc_input_normalization	product inputs	Normalized input = total as-supplied input mass attributable to released batches ÷ net released product mass.	atomic input mass; allocation record; net released product mass	kg/kg reference product
calc_electricity_normalization	electricity rows	Convert metered kWh to MJ by multiplying by 3.6, allocate causally, and divide by the applicable released output mass.	metered kWh; allocation driver; output mass	MJ/kg output
calc_packaging_normalization	packaging rows	Packaging mass = net inventory issued minus verified unused returns and separately recorded packaging waste; divide by net released product mass.	issued packaging mass; unused return; packaging waste; net released mass	kg/kg reference product
calc_wastewater_normalization	cl_photochemical_wastewater	Net wastewater = measured treatment-transfer volume minus verified volume returned to the same closed loop; divide by net released product mass.	transfer volume; closed-loop return volume; net released product mass	m3/kg reference product
calc_pm_normalization	fm_pm25_air	Sum measured or documented control-adjusted PM0.2-PM2.5 mass released during attributable operating periods and divide by net released product mass.	measured emission mass or activity factor; control performance; operating period; net released product mass	kg/kg reference product	us-epa-chemical-preparations-neshap-2009

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and all covered product outputs	Retain product family, formulation version, physical state, concentration status, batch and release specification; do not reuse the developer UUID for another product family.	approved formulation; label; certificate of analysis; release record
dq_atomic_ingredients	formulation and emulsion inputs	Reconcile every ingredient line as one chemical or physical product; no ingredient-family subtotal may replace atomic records.	recipe; supplier identity; issue log; mass reconciliation
dq_measurement	mass, energy and volume records	Use calibrated instruments or auditable invoices and document conversion factors, allocation drivers and data gaps.	calibration certificate; meter log; invoice; calculation workbook
dq_temporal_coverage	foreground reporting period	Include all conforming, rejected, reworked and cleaning events associated with the reporting period and disclose shutdowns or atypical campaigns.	production schedule; batch register; waste log; cleaning log
dq_completeness	environmental releases and waste	Screen each declared ingredient and process condition for relevant direct release and waste pathways; quantify present pathways and document verified absence.	SDS; permit; monitoring record; waste characterization; process review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_flow	completed foreground data package	Confirm that the reference output is one kg net saleable product, packaging is separate, and all required qualifiers are declared.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validate_atomic_rows	process inventory	Confirm that every selected flow is one atomic exchange and that each conditional ingredient appears only when supported by the declared recipe.	us-epa-photographic-processing-1981
validate_mass_reconciliation	each production batch	Reconcile as-supplied ingredient inputs with released product, retained inventory, verified rework, off-specification material, samples and measured losses; explain unresolved imbalance.
validate_emulsion_route	sensitizing-emulsion products	When onsite emulsion preparation applies, confirm precursor identity, released emulsion mass and process records; otherwise document a purchased upstream sensitizing-emulsion dataset.	us-epa-photographic-processing-1981
validate_air_pathway	dry charging, blending or milling	Evaluate fine-particle releases and control-device performance whenever dry operations occur; do not report zero solely because the route is intermittent.	us-epa-chemical-preparations-neshap-2009
validate_wastewater	equipment cleaning	Reconcile fresh and recycled cleaning water with transferred wastewater and retained product, and disclose treatment destination and relevant constituents.
validate_boundary	dataset scope	Confirm that customer photographic processing, post-use silver recovery and downstream end of life are excluded unless added as separately reported downstream modules.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Cradle-to-gate foreground production package for a declared photographic chemical preparation
downstream_use	May be published as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after methodology and data review
allowed_use	Attributional product and process LCAs using a matching product family, formulation, state, concentration, geography, technology and packaging boundary
excluded_use	Automatic substitution among developer, fixer, bleach, stop-bath, toner, wetting-agent or sensitizing-emulsion families; customer photographic processing; post-use silver recovery; unqualified regional or technological extrapolation
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; product family; formulation version; physical state; concentrate or ready-use status; active ingredients and concentrations; batch and reporting period; facility geography; process route; packaging configuration; allocation; upstream dataset choices
required_quality_disclosure	foreground coverage; data age; instrument and calculation evidence; ingredient and product mass reconciliation; rejected and reworked material; water and electricity coverage; direct-release screening; wastewater destination; UUID and range evidence gaps
update_trigger	Formulation or supplier-grade change; product-family or market-state change; packaging redesign; process or control-technology change; geography change; material allocation change; reporting-period refresh; resolution of a missing exact UUID or independent range evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	Exact CPC 48342 classification identity and explicit exclusions
us-epa-photographic-processing-1981	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Guidance Document for the Control of Water Pollution in the Photographic Processing Industry, EPA-440/1-81/082-9, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=00000VZ7.TXT	Photographic developer, stop-bath, fixer, bleach and sensitizing-emulsion chemistry used to define product-specific conditional inputs
us-epa-chemical-preparations-neshap-2009	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Chemical Preparations Industry: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources, https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/chemical-preparations-industry-national-emission-standards	Mixing, milling, blending and extruding operation scope and conditional particulate-emission review
ilford-rapid-fixer-sds-2024	official_guidance	HARMAN Technology Ltd, Rapid Fixer USA/CAN Safety Data Sheet, issued 18 July 2024, https://www.ilfordphoto.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/US-EN-Rapid-Fixer.pdf	Photographic-fixer solution identity, liquid physical state and ammonium-thiosulfate composition