Steam turbines and other vapour turbines

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to cradle-to-gate foreground data packages for complete steam turbines and other vapour turbines manufactured and ready for dispatch from the reporting manufacturer's gate. It covers industrial, utility, condensing, back-pressure, generator-drive, and mechanical-drive turbines when the declared reference product is a turbine in CPC 43141.

The declared supply scope controls what crosses the product boundary. A bare turbine, a turbine on a base frame, and a packaged turbine-generator set are not interchangeable. Include gears, generators, condensers, lubrication systems, controls, piping, instrumentation, and other auxiliaries only when they are transferred with the declared reference product. Exclude separately supplied turbine parts, steam or vapour-generating boilers, hydraulic turbines, gas turbines, installation and commissioning at the customer site, operation, maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life.

The product category needs a canonical methodology because turbine mass, alloy selection, steam conditions, drive duty, modular configuration, and package scope materially change the bill of materials and factory activities. Product-specific foreground records are therefore required; a CPC leaf or a generic turbine average is not a sufficient inventory.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.steam-turbines-and-other-vapour-turbines
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43141, Steam turbines and other vapour turbines (un-cpc-3-0-2025)
covered_products	Complete steam turbines and other vapour turbines supplied as bare turbines, turbine modules, or declared turbine packages for generator drive or mechanical drive
excluded_products	Separately supplied parts; boilers and steam generators; hydraulic turbines and water wheels; gas turbines; generators, gears, condensers, controls, and auxiliaries not transferred with the declared turbine
representative_product	A shipment-ready steam turbine with declared rotor, casing, blading, valve, bearing, base-frame, auxiliary, and package scope
production_route	Product-specific engineering and procurement; component forming or procurement; machining and heat treatment; conditional joining and surface treatment; assembly; balancing and factory testing; preservation and dispatch preparation
market_state	New, complete, accepted turbine or declared turbine package at the manufacturer's dispatch gate; net turbine mass and included equipment are declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A shipment-ready steam or other vapour turbine that converts thermal energy in steam or another declared vapour into mechanical shaft power
How much	1,000 kg net mass of the declared complete turbine or turbine package at the manufacturer's dispatch gate
How well	Meeting the declared rated shaft or generator output, inlet and exhaust steam conditions, rotational speed and frequency where applicable, drive duty, acceptance criteria, and included package scope
How long or cycle	The declared design life and duty profile are reported as product metadata; this manufacturing reference flow does not divide factory burdens by lifetime operation
reference_flow_link	One output row steam_turbine_product from p_assembly_testing equals the 1,000 kg reference amount

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg net shipment-ready turbine mass
Reference product flow	Steam turbines and other vapour turbines d073d1e4-584a-4467-878f-0845a4f0c868
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	turbine type and model; bare turbine or package scope; generator-drive or mechanical-drive duty; rated output; inlet pressure and temperature; exhaust or back-pressure condition; reheat and extraction configuration; rotational speed; grid frequency if applicable; net product mass; included modules and auxiliaries; manufacturing site and geography; reporting period; acceptance-test state

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product and normalization denominator	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh or calculate the accepted net mass of the declared turbine scope. Exclude transport packaging and fixtures from the denominator, but retain them as inventory inputs when transferred or consumed for dispatch.
material_mass_basis	Purchased metals, consumables, product, and wastes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record dry or as-supplied mass consistently, disclose retained fluid and coating mass, and normalize each amount to 1,000 kg net reference product.
electricity_energy_basis	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity before allocation; convert kWh to MJ using the exact identity 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and disclose voltage, grid mix, geography, and delivery losses.
gas_volume_basis	Natural gas, industrial oxygen, and unresolved industrial argon	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report metered gas volume at declared temperature, pressure, and moisture reference conditions; do not combine different gases or convert to mass without a documented composition and density basis.
mass_balance_check	Material fabrication and final assembly	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Reconcile accepted product mass, retained consumables, returned material, measured process scrap, and other separately recorded outputs on one consistent product-order basis.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gate	Product system	Include upstream production of all purchased materials and energy plus foreground activities under the reporting manufacturer's control through acceptance and dispatch preparation at the factory gate. Document and justify any exclusion.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
boundary_declared_package	Product scope	Model only the turbine, modules, base frame, fluids, controls, generator, gear, condenser, piping, instrumentation, and auxiliaries actually included in the commercial supply scope; disclose every included and excluded package element.	siemens-energy-industrial-steam-turbines-2021; ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020
boundary_component_supply	Purchased or internally produced components	For purchased forgings, casings, blades, valves, bearings, and modules, connect supplier cradle-to-gate datasets at the receiving gate. For in-house manufacture, collect the actual forming, heat-treatment, machining, joining, and finishing exchanges without double counting supplier processing.	ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020; ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
boundary_post_gate	Downstream stages	Exclude outbound transport after the dispatch gate, site installation and commissioning, steam generation, turbine operation, maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life from this manufacturing dataset. Report them only in a separate downstream lifecycle model.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased materials and components are received at the reporting manufacturer's gate in their actual delivered product state; upstream extraction, material production, forming, and supplier processing remain connected through supplier or representative upstream datasets
starting_condition_role	Separates product-specific foreground manufacture from upstream material and component production while retaining cradle-to-gate completeness
product_classification_scope	Complete steam turbines and other vapour turbines matching the semantic product boundary and CPC 43141 context
recursive_input_rule	A purchased complete turbine in the same category is not absorbed into the foreground output. Record it as a separate product input with its own upstream dataset, mass, configuration, and reason for use, then exclude its manufacture from the reporting site inventory to avoid recursion and double counting.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased material, component, fuel, electricity supply, gas, process chemical, and packaging item requires a geographically and technologically representative upstream dataset or an explicit documented data gap.
disclosure	Declare manufacturing site, reporting period, turbine model and duty, alloy and component supply states, in-house versus supplier operations, bare-versus-package scope, accepted net mass, allocation, exclusions, data gaps, and downstream stages omitted.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
p_material_fabrication	Turbine component fabrication and finishing	required	Always include manufacturer-controlled component production, machining, finishing, and the receipt of purchased components; individual conditional exchanges apply only when the named route is used.	Foreground material conversion and component preparation	Per product order, normalized to 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
p_assembly_testing	Turbine assembly, balancing, filling, and factory acceptance testing	required	Always include final manufacturer-controlled assembly and acceptance activities.	Foreground assembly and acceptance	Per accepted turbine or declared package, normalized to 1,000 kg net mass
p_preservation_dispatch	Preservation coating and dispatch preparation	required	Include actual preservation and load-board inputs consumed or transferred before the dispatch gate; rows may be zero only when the named exchange is demonstrably absent.	Foreground dispatch preparation	Per accepted turbine shipment, normalized to 1,000 kg net mass

Process: Turbine component fabrication and finishing (p_material_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Delivered low-alloy steel forging (low_alloy_steel_forging)

Record the measured mass of delivered low-alloy steel forgings consumed for rotors, blades, shafts, or other turbine components. Grade, forging state, heat treatment, component role, supplier, and included upstream processing must be declared.

• Selected flow: Low-alloy steel forging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured net mass issued to the product order, adjusted for documented returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020

Titanium billet for turbine blading (titanium_billet)

Record titanium billet only when the declared turbine includes titanium blades or another billet-derived titanium component manufactured within the product system. Do not substitute plate, tube, or profile identity.

• Selected flow: Titanium billet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured titanium billet issued to the product order; zero only when no billet-derived titanium component is in scope
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020

Fabrication electricity (fabrication_electricity)

Record purchased electricity for manufacturer-controlled machining, heat treatment, joining, cleaning, balancing preparation, and shop services assigned to component fabrication.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: separately metered use or allocated measured shop electricity for the product order
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes

Natural gas for direct-fired heat treatment (heat_treatment_natural_gas)

Record gaseous natural gas only when it is burned within the foreground boundary for heat treatment or other component fabrication. Supplier, composition, metering reference conditions, combustion technology, and allocation must be declared.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: metered or invoiced volume assigned to the product order; zero when no foreground natural-gas combustion occurs
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources:

Fabrication process water (fabrication_process_water)

Record process water crossing the foreground boundary for machining, cooling, aqueous cleaning, or surface preparation. Water source, quality, density conversion, recirculation boundary, and discharge route must be declared.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured make-up water assigned to the product order, excluding internally recirculated volume
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources:

Cutting fluid (cutting_fluid)

Record cutting fluid make-up consumed in machining turbine components. Formulation, water content, concentration, recycled-loop boundary, and supplier must be declared.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured make-up mass issued to machining for the product order
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources:

Flux-cored welding wire (flux_cored_wire)

Record flux-cored welding wire only when flux-cored arc welding is used on the declared turbine or package. Wire grade, deposited-metal specification, return, and unused remainder must be documented.

• Selected flow: Flux Cored Wire 1b74a576-06e0-4764-97ce-11a73f8a4752
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured wire consumed by the product order; zero when flux-cored wire is not used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020

Industrial argon shielding gas (industrial_argon)

Record industrial argon only when it is supplied for welding or another inert-gas fabrication operation. Purity, blend composition, supply state, metering reference conditions, and loss boundary must be declared.

• Selected flow: Industrial argon
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: metered or supplier-recorded argon volume assigned to the product order; zero when argon is not used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources:

Industrial oxygen for thermal cutting (industrial_oxygen)

Record industrial oxygen only when it is supplied for oxy-fuel cutting or another foreground fabrication operation. Purity, pressure, reference conditions, supplier, and operation must be declared.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: metered or supplier-recorded oxygen volume assigned to the product order; zero when oxygen is not used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (postindustrial_steel_scrap)

Record segregated steel offcuts, chips, swarf, and rejected steel pieces leaving the foreground as post-industrial scrap. Report alloy family, contamination, wet or dry basis, recovery destination, and any cutting-fluid content separately.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: weighed net mass transferred off site or into a separately modelled recovery process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources:

Waste cutting oil (waste_cutting_oil)

Record oil-based waste cutting fluid only when it is separately removed from the machining system. Do not combine it with aqueous coolant, metal chips, or wastewater.

• Selected flow: Waste cutting oil 80d926e3-0f76-4a19-9b1e-ffec9deb1216
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: weighed waste cutting oil transferred for treatment; zero when no oil-based cutting-fluid waste is generated
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources:

Metal-finishing wastewater (metal_finishing_wastewater)

Record the aqueous wastewater stream generated by component cleaning or surface treatment only when it leaves the recirculation system for treatment or discharge. Declare composition, treatment state, solids separation, mass basis, and receiving boundary.

• Selected flow: Metal-finishing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured wastewater mass leaving the foreground water loop; zero when no such stream leaves the boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from foreground natural-gas combustion (heat_treatment_fossil_co2)

Record only direct fossil carbon dioxide released by natural-gas combustion inside the foreground fabrication boundary. Upstream fuel-supply emissions and purchased-electricity emissions remain in their upstream datasets.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured stack inventory or calculated fossil CO2 from assigned fuel volume, supplier composition or carbon content, and a documented oxidation basis; zero when no foreground fossil-fuel combustion occurs
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources:

Process: Turbine assembly, balancing, filling, and factory acceptance testing (p_assembly_testing)

Inputs

Product flows

Assembly and factory-test electricity (assembly_test_electricity)

Record purchased electricity for assembly, rotor handling, balancing, pumps, test stands, controls, and acceptance activities within the declared factory boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: separately metered use or allocated measured assembly-and-test electricity for the product order
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes

Turbine lubricating-oil fill (turbine_lubricating_oil)

Record lubricating oil that is consumed in testing or retained in the transferred turbine or included oil system. Declare mineral or synthetic base, grade, viscosity, quantity recovered after testing, retained fill, and package scope.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured make-up plus retained final fill attributable to the product order, net of recovered reusable oil
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: siemens-energy-industrial-steam-turbines-2021; ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020

Factory-test process water (test_process_water)

Record process water crossing the boundary for hydrostatic tests, flushing, or cleaning. Exclude recirculated water until make-up enters or a wastewater stream leaves the foreground.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured make-up water assigned to testing and acceptance for the product order
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted steam or other vapour turbine (steam_turbine_product)

Record the accepted shipment-ready turbine or declared package after assembly and factory acceptance. The output name and UUID identify the whole product, not separately supplied parts or downstream electricity generation.

• Selected flow: Steam turbines and other vapour turbines d073d1e4-584a-4467-878f-0845a4f0c868
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: exactly 1,000 kg accepted net reference product after normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg accepted net turbine or declared package mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025; siemens-energy-industrial-steam-turbines-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Preservation coating and dispatch preparation (p_preservation_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Two-component epoxy zinc-rich primer (epoxy_zinc_primer)

Record this primer only when the actual preservation system uses a two-component epoxy zinc-rich coating before dispatch. Keep other coating formulations as separately identified foreground flows rather than substituting a generic primer UUID.

• Selected flow: Two-component epoxy zinc-rich primer
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured mixed coating mass consumed for the declared product, net of separately recorded waste; zero when this formulation is not used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources:

Wooden pallet or load board (wooden_pallet)

Record wooden pallets, skids, or load boards consumed or transferred with the dispatch unit. Declare wood species or product description, treatment, moisture basis, reuse status, and whether the item crosses the dispatch gate.

• Selected flow: Pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood, pallet collars of wood 4b49871e-95be-4e0c-9223-9902f9eaa763
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: measured mass consumed or transferred with the product order; zero when no wooden load board crosses the boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted net turbine mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Shared manufacturing operations	Avoid allocation by separately metering or otherwise subdividing product-order material issues, machine time, energy, tests, waste, and direct emissions whenever technically feasible.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
allocation_physical_relationship	Residual shared burdens	When subdivision is infeasible, use a documented causal physical relationship such as measured machine-hours, test-stand hours, processed mass, furnace loading, or occupied production time that represents the burden driver. Do not allocate all burdens only by final product mass when mass is not causal.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
allocation_other_relationship	No defensible physical relationship	Use another relationship, including economic allocation, only after documenting why subdivision and a causal physical relationship are infeasible. Report the factor, data period, affected flows, and sensitivity.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
allocation_scrap_and_waste	Steel scrap, waste cutting oil, and wastewater	Report waste treatment and any recovery modelling separately. Do not assign avoided virgin-material credits inside the foreground inventory unless the downstream lifecycle model declares and consistently applies a reviewed recycling method.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bom_materials	p_material_fabrication; p_assembly_testing; p_preservation_dispatch	Product-specific material, gas, fluid, coating, and dispatch inputs	Approved bill of materials, purchase and issue records, return records, cylinder records, coating mix sheets, and final-fill sheets	product order; item identity; grade or formulation; supplier; delivered state; gross issue; return; retained amount; unit; included package element; date	Reconcile approved BOM with stores, supplier, production, coating, gas-cylinder, and fill records	kg or m3 at declared conditions	Per product order, reconciled at acceptance	Entire manufacture of each accepted product order; aggregate only orders within the declared reporting period	All reporting-site operations and declared supplier component gates	Net consumption equals issue plus direct receipt minus documented return and reusable recovery; normalize by accepted net product mass	Signed BOM revision, traceable material certificates, calibrated scales, supplier invoices, issue/return records, cylinder tickets, and acceptance configuration
cp_utility_meters	p_material_fabrication; p_assembly_testing	Electricity, natural gas, and process water	Meter readings, invoices, equipment logs, production hours, and allocation-driver records	meter id; opening and closing reading; unit; time; product order; machine or furnace; load; runtime; reference conditions; allocation driver	Prefer submetering; otherwise reconcile site meter totals and assign only with the allocation hierarchy	kWh, MJ, m3, or kg	Continuous or batch readings with at least monthly reconciliation	Complete product-order manufacturing window and a representative reporting period	Reporting site and identified shop, furnace, test stand, or water loop	Convert units after retaining raw readings; assign by subdivision or documented causal driver; normalize by accepted net mass	Meter calibration, invoices, total-versus-submeter reconciliation, downtime and occupancy logs, and stated grid and gas conditions
cp_waste_records	p_material_fabrication	Post-industrial steel scrap, waste cutting oil, and metal-finishing wastewater	Weighbridge tickets, container weights, manifests, wastewater meters, laboratory records, and treatment receipts	product order or campaign; waste identity; gross and tare mass; water or oil content; contamination; treatment state; destination; date; allocation driver	Weigh each transfer or measure wastewater leaving the recirculation loop and reconcile to site waste totals	kg	Per transfer with monthly and product-order reconciliation	Complete manufacturing window for included product orders	Reporting site through the waste handover or declared treatment boundary	Subtract tare; avoid double counting liquid retained on scrap; allocate shared transfers using documented generation drivers	Calibrated scale or meter, transfer manifest, laboratory result where composition matters, and treatment acceptance receipt
cp_direct_emissions	p_material_fabrication	Direct fossil carbon dioxide	Stack measurement or fuel records with supplier composition, carbon content, oxidation basis, and furnace assignment	measured CO2 or fuel volume; reference conditions; carbon factor; oxidation factor; operating time; furnace load; product order; biogenic fraction	Prefer verified direct monitoring; otherwise calculate from collected fuel and documented supplier or site factor	kg CO2 or m3 fuel	Per run or reporting period with product-order assignment	Complete period of foreground combustion for included orders	Reporting-site combustion only	Exclude upstream fuel and electricity emissions; assign direct fossil CO2 consistently with the same fuel allocation	Instrument calibration or supplier fuel certificate, factor provenance, calculation sheet, and reconciliation to reported fuel use
cp_product_acceptance	p_assembly_testing	Accepted turbine output and reference denominator	Final mass statement, configuration baseline, acceptance certificate, and dispatch release	product order; model; serial number; net mass; package inclusions; rated output; steam conditions; speed; frequency; test status; acceptance date	Use approved engineering mass roll-up or calibrated weighing and reconcile to the accepted configuration	kg	Per accepted turbine or package	Each product order in the declared reporting period	Reporting manufacturer and dispatch gate	Sum only accepted products of matching declared scope; normalize all exchanges to 1,000 kg net mass	Approved as-built configuration, mass statement, signed acceptance evidence, and dispatch release

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every inventory row	normalized amount = product-order exchange / accepted net product mass × 1,000 kg	Net exchange amount from the applicable protocol; accepted net product mass from cp_product_acceptance	Exchange per 1,000 kg reference product	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
calc_electricity_conversion	fabrication_electricity; assembly_test_electricity	electricity MJ = metered kWh × 3.6 MJ/kWh	Metered kWh and allocation result from cp_utility_meters	MJ electricity before reference normalization
calc_net_material_consumption	BOM-controlled inputs	net consumed = direct receipt + stores issue - returned unused material - separately documented reusable recovery	BOM, receipt, issue, return, and recovery records from cp_bom_materials	kg or m3 net input by atomic flow	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
calc_direct_fossil_co2	heat_treatment_fossil_co2	Use verified direct CO2 measurement; otherwise multiply assigned fuel quantity by a documented supplier- or site-specific fossil-carbon factor and oxidation basis, preserving reference-condition conversions and biogenic fraction	Assigned natural gas; composition or carbon content; oxidation basis; monitoring record	kg direct fossil CO2
calc_shared_operation_assignment	Shared utilities and waste	Apply subdivision first; if infeasible, multiply the reconciled shared total by the documented causal physical allocation factor for the product order	Reconciled shop total; product-order and total driver quantities	Assigned exchange before reference normalization	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product	The as-built model, drive duty, steam conditions, accepted state, net mass, and included package elements must match the reference flow and commercial supply boundary.	Configuration baseline, mass statement, acceptance certificate, and dispatch release
dq_bom_completeness	Material and component inputs	Reconcile the product-specific BOM to procurement, issue, return, and as-built records; identify every environmentally relevant material and energy flow and document exclusions.	Approved BOM revision, material certificates, reconciliation record, and exclusion register (ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes)
dq_temporal_coverage	All foreground data	Cover the complete manufacture of each included product order. Shared site data must span a representative period that captures the orders and operating modes used in allocation.	Dated records, production calendar, meter coverage, and gap log
dq_measurement	Meters, scales, gas and waste records	Use calibrated or financially reconciled measurements; retain raw units and reference conditions before conversion.	Calibration certificates, invoices, weighbridge tickets, meter reconciliation, and conversion sheet
dq_representativeness	Upstream datasets	Match material grade and product state, supplier geography, production technology, energy market, and temporal period; disclose proxies and unresolved identities.	Supplier information, dataset metadata, representativeness assessment, and data-gap register
dq_mass_balance	Fabrication and assembly	Explain material-balance differences between input, accepted product, retained fluids or coatings, returns, scrap, other wastes, and work in progress.	Product-order mass-balance worksheet and signed review
dq_no_double_counting	Supplier and foreground processing	Purchased-component datasets and in-house operations must not both include the same forming, heat-treatment, machining, joining, coating, testing, or packaging step.	Process responsibility matrix and supplier dataset boundary statement

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_scope	Reference product	Fail validation when the product is not a complete steam or other vapour turbine, the accepted net mass is absent, or bare-versus-package inclusions and exclusions are not declared.	un-cpc-3-0-2025; siemens-energy-industrial-steam-turbines-2021
validate_reference_amount	Reference flow	Require one steam_turbine_product output and exactly 1,000 kg after normalization; packaging mass must not enter the net-product denominator.
validate_atomic_inventory	Inventory rows	Require every exchange to have one direction, one flow type, one concrete flow identity, one amount-production mode, one basis, and one protocol when collected or calculated from collection. Reject combined utilities, fuels, gases, coatings, materials, wastes, or emissions.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
validate_conditional_routes	Conditional inputs and outputs	A zero value is valid only when the dataset documents that the named route or exchange is absent. Otherwise require the measured value and route qualifier.
validate_uuid_semantics	Tiangong references	Require each adopted UUID to retain its audited flow type, classification, property, unit group, and official Chinese baseName; unresolved rows must remain UUID-empty and declared in manifest review metadata.
validate_mass_and_energy	Foreground calculations	Require unit conversions, shared-operation allocation, product normalization, gas reference conditions, and mass-balance reconciliation to be reproducible from retained raw records.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes
validate_boundary_completeness	Cradle-to-gate result	Require upstream datasets or explicit data gaps for purchased materials, components, energy, process chemicals, and packaging, and require foreground waste and direct emissions to be identified without double counting supplier operations.	ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes; ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product-specific cradle-to-gate foreground manufacturing dataset for an accepted steam or other vapour turbine
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset for a matching turbine configuration and supply scope; foreground input to a separately modelled power-plant, industrial-drive, installation, use, maintenance, or end-of-life lifecycle model
allowed_use	Comparison or modelling only when turbine duty, rated output, steam conditions, mass, bare-versus-package scope, manufacturing geography and technology, reporting period, allocation, and upstream dataset representativeness are compatible and disclosed
excluded_use	Not an electricity-generation dataset; not a steam-generation dataset; not a hydraulic, gas, or wind turbine dataset; not a separately supplied parts dataset; not a use-stage efficiency or lifetime default; not representative of an undeclared turbine package
required_metadata	PCR id and version state; product model and serial or study identifier; turbine and drive type; rated output; steam inlet, exhaust, reheat, and extraction conditions; speed and frequency; design-life metadata; accepted net mass; included and excluded package elements; manufacturing site and geography; reporting period; component supply states; allocation; cut-offs; data gaps; source and background dataset versions
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground versus supplier data share; BOM and mass-balance completeness; meter and scale quality; temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness; allocation drivers; unresolved UUIDs; missing empirical ranges; exclusions; proxies; uncertainty and sensitivity
update_trigger	Material change to turbine design or package scope, alloy or component supply state, manufacturing route, site or energy supply, allocation, upstream datasets, Tiangong UUID identity, acceptance basis, or evidence used by this PCR

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, row 43141, 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-05; SHA-256 5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c)	Official classification identity; separation of complete turbines from parts in row 43153
siemens-energy-industrial-steam-turbines-2021	Handbook (handbook)	Siemens Energy, Industrial steam turbines from 2 to 250 MW, 2021. https://assets.siemens-energy.com/dam/79160ff2-731e-4ffe-9ab2-b0360117cdde/SE-Brochure-Industrial-Steam-Turbines-2021-pdf_Original%20file.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Generator-drive and mechanical-drive scope; bare and package configurations; modular assemblies; oil systems; casing and auxiliary qualifiers
ge-steam-power-product-catalog-2020	Handbook (handbook)	GE Steam Power, GE Steam Power product catalog, 2020. https://www.gevernova.com/content/dam/gepower-steam/global/en_US/documents/Steam-Product-Catalog.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Forged rotor and blade production; steel and conditional titanium materials; welded and cast structures; preassembled units; package auxiliaries
ec-pef-recommendation-2021-annexes	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, Annexes 1 to 2, 2021. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/document/download/680503dc-5a19-4f6a-bb92-84d9bfc8f312_en?filename=Annexes+1+to+2.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Product-specific BOM and manufacturing data; completeness and documented exclusions; site-specific data; boundary definition; subdivision-first allocation and data-quality rules