Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines for aircraft

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground production of completed spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal-combustion piston engines intended for aircraft, from purchased materials, components, consumables, utilities, and water entering the reporting site to an accepted engine at the factory gate. It supports a mass-based product flow and foreground process or lifecyclemodel projections.

The scope includes declared onsite component manufacture and machining, assembly, chemical or electrolytic surface treatment when performed, and engine run-in or acceptance testing when performed. Purchased castings, forgings, finished parts, electronics, ignition equipment, and other components cross the boundary as individual upstream product inputs in a concrete data package, even when this compact PCR does not prescribe a category-wide UUID for each model-specific part.

The scope excludes loose replacement parts, aircraft, propellers, turbine and reaction engines, compression-ignition engines, non-aircraft engines, maintenance and overhaul, use-phase combustion, infrastructure, research and development, and certification tests not attributable to the reporting period. Packaging, transport, organic coating, heat treatment, or other route-specific operations are included only when the factory-gate system performs or procures them; the data package must then add their individual atomic exchanges.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.spark-ignition-reciprocating-or-rotary-internal-combustion-piston-engines-for-aircraft
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43131, exact classification context
covered_products	Completed spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal-combustion piston engines intended for aircraft propulsion or aircraft-installed power
excluded_products	Engine parts; compression-ignition or non-aircraft engines; turbine and reaction engines; aircraft and propellers; repaired, overhauled, or remanufactured engines without a reviewed extension
representative_product	One declared model of completed, accepted aircraft spark-ignition piston engine in its stated net-dry factory-gate configuration
production_route	Model-specific receipt of materials and parts, onsite manufacture and machining as applicable, assembly, conditional chemical/electrolytic treatment, and conditional run-in or acceptance testing
market_state	Accepted finished engine at the factory gate, unpackaged, with included accessories, preservation state, and net-dry mass exclusions declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A completed spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal-combustion piston engine intended for aircraft
How much	1 kg net dry mass of the accepted engine at the factory gate
How well	Conforms to the declared engine model or type design, release requirements, configuration, rated power, and fuel, oil, cooling, and ignition specifications
How long or cycle	One completed manufacturing and factory-release cycle; use, maintenance, overhaul, and service life are outside this factory-gate functional unit
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is exactly 1 kg of the declared accepted engine configuration; every inventory amount is normalized to that mass

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines for aircraft c2f3c29e-d5cd-4267-a518-74b0131a7914
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	manufacturer and model; reciprocating or rotary architecture; cylinder arrangement or rotor configuration; ignition and fuel-system type; cooling method; displacement; supercharging status; rated power and conditions; approved fuel and oil specifications; included accessories; net-dry mass method and exclusions; certification or release basis; production route; site and geography; reporting period; factory-gate state

All Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_dry_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure the accepted engine in the declared net-dry configuration. Include integral accessories; exclude test fuel, removable shipping fixtures, and fluids excluded by the declared dry-mass convention. State every inclusion and exclusion.
inventory_mass_normalization	mass inventory rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg/kg reference product	Divide the reporting-period exchange by conforming reference-engine net dry mass from the same allocation pool. Do not normalize by packaged mass.
energy_conversion	electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered energy and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Do not treat the Mass property UUID attached to the TianGong electricity identity as a mass unit.
gas_volume_conditions	gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report gas volume at the supplier or meter reference temperature and pressure and disclose those conditions.
wastewater_mass_conversion	wastewater	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer direct mass or flow-meter records. Convert volume only with recorded density or a documented water-like-density assumption for the measured stream.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary begins when purchased materials, components, consumables, energy, and water cross the reporting-site gate and ends when a conforming finished engine in the declared net-dry state is released. Upstream production is represented by linked supplier-specific or suitable secondary datasets.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased material and component state at the reporting-site gate, including alloy designation, supplied form, recycled-content claim when used, completion level, supplier geography, and embodied casting, forging, heat treatment, coating, or other upstream work
starting_condition_role	Prevents double counting or omission between supplier datasets and onsite shaping, machining, treatment, assembly, and testing
product_classification_scope	Completed CPC 43131 aircraft spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary piston engines; classification is contextual and does not replace the semantic boundary
recursive_input_rule	If a complete same-category engine enters for integration, testing, or another declared operation, record it as an external input with its upstream dataset; internal work-in-progress is a process link, not a second reference product
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased material, part, consumable, fuel, electricity supply, water supply, and external treatment requires a state-matched, representative upstream dataset
disclosure	Declare sites and operations, outsourced work, cut-offs, allocation pools, treatment and test routes, engine configuration, net-dry convention, period, geography, and deviations from this boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_factory_gate	foreground system	Include attributable onsite handling, component manufacture, machining, cleaning, assembly, surface treatment, testing, rework, direct emissions, and waste generation between the declared start and release.	ec-pef-method-2021
sb_supplier_boundary	purchased inputs	Link each purchased input or outsourced operation to an upstream dataset matching the received state; do not duplicate embodied operations onsite.	ec-pef-method-2021
sb_conditional_routes	conditional processes	Include chemical/electrolytic surface treatment and engine testing only when performed within or attributable to the boundary; record each actual chemical, fuel, waste, and emission as an atomic exchange.	ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006, faa-ac-33-2b
sb_completeness	all foreground exchanges	A cut-off is not permitted merely because this compact pattern lacks a row. Add model- and route-specific atomic rows for all material exchanges and direct elementary emissions that occur.	ec-pef-method-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
engine_manufacturing_and_assembly	Engine component manufacture, machining, assembly, and release	required	Always include; distinguish onsite from embodied supplier operations	Foreground production and reference-product release	Per 1 kg net dry mass released
chemical_surface_treatment	Chemical or electrolytic surface treatment	conditional	Include when chemical/electrolytic cleaning, conversion coating, anodizing, plating, or related water-based treatment is attributable	Foreground conditioning	Per 1 kg net dry mass released
engine_test	Engine run-in or acceptance testing	conditional	Include when a fueled or electrically driven run-in, functional, detonation, calibration, or acceptance test is attributable	Foreground quality release	Per 1 kg net dry mass released

Process: Engine component manufacture, machining, assembly, and release (engine_manufacturing_and_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Aluminium alloy input (mfg_aluminium_alloy)

Record unwrought aluminium alloy only when that state crosses the site boundary; other supplied forms require state-matched flows.

• Selected flow: Aluminium alloy 28b47d6d-68b4-4810-b764-01a1fc1352dc
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass issued to conforming-engine production, net of returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: ec-pef-method-2021

Alloy-steel bars and rods input (mfg_alloy_steel)

Record the declared hot-worked alloy-steel bar or rod grade; other forms require separate rows.

• Selected flow: Bars and rods of alloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded (except bars or rods of high-speed steel or silico-manganese steel) c11c7e9a-d020-4b89-a50c-4a82c0f76943
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass issued to conforming-engine production, net of returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: ec-pef-method-2021

Purchased electricity for manufacture and assembly (mfg_electricity)

Record electrical energy metered or allocated to manufacture, machining, assembly, inspection, and release.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered energy after documented shared-meter allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacturing_utilities
• Sources:

Cutting fluid consumed in machining (mfg_cutting_fluid)

Record make-up cutting fluid and disclose formulation, concentration, water addition, recovery, and return.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issued make-up mass less documented unused return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacturing_consumables
• Sources:

Lubricating oil consumed in manufacture and assembly (mfg_lubricating_oil)

Record oil consumed by product-dedicated operations; exclude oil reported again in testing.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issued mass less documented recovered or returned mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacturing_consumables
• Sources: faa-ac-33-2b

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted aircraft engine (reference_aircraft_engine)

Record only engines meeting the declared release state and net-dry convention.

• Selected flow: Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines for aircraft c2f3c29e-d5cd-4267-a518-74b0131a7914
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg after normalization from measured conforming-engine net dry mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: exactly 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: ec-pef-method-2021, faa-ac-33-2b

Waste flows

Aluminium scrap from manufacture (mfg_aluminium_scrap)

Keep aluminium scrap separate from ferrous and mixed scrap; disclose contamination and destination.

• Selected flow: Aluminium Scrap 96c5f842-ea53-419b-b1cd-c02c479efb45
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured aluminium scrap transferred out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacturing_wastes
• Sources:

Steel scrap from manufacture (mfg_steel_scrap)

Keep steel scrap separate from aluminium and mixed scrap; disclose alloy family, contamination, and destination.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap db39c2c0-61a0-4dde-8d68-db5777fe25a8
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured steel scrap transferred out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacturing_wastes
• Sources:

Waste cutting oil (mfg_waste_cutting_oil)

Record spent cutting oil leaving for recovery or treatment; do not combine it with other oils or coolants.

• Selected flow: Waste cutting oil 80d926e3-0f76-4a19-9b1e-ffec9deb1216
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured spent cutting-oil mass transferred out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacturing_wastes
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Chemical or electrolytic surface treatment (chemical_surface_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity for surface treatment (surface_electricity)

Record electrical energy for treatment baths, rectifiers, pumps, ventilation, rinsing, and drying.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered energy attributable to included treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Process water for surface treatment (surface_process_water)

Record treatment, cleaning, and rinsing water; cooling water requires a separate row.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured process-water input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline treatment (surface_sodium_hydroxide)

Record only when an alkaline cleaning, etching, or treatment step uses it; state solution concentration and mass basis.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass on the declared concentration basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Gaseous natural gas for bath heating or drying (surface_natural_gas)

Record only direct foreground combustion for included bath heating or drying.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Wastewater from surface treatment (surface_wastewater)

Record wastewater leaving treatment or rinsing before offsite treatment; state composition, treatment state, destination, and density conversion.

• Selected flow: Wastewater d2d44ce1-c0f4-461d-9413-f4b33e0d200f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass or converted metered volume transferred out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from direct natural-gas combustion (surface_carbon_dioxide_fossil)

Record only direct foreground fossil carbon dioxide; exclude upstream supply emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack emission or carbon-balance calculation from metered fuel
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources:

Process: Engine run-in or acceptance testing (engine_test)

Inputs

Product flows

Aviation gasoline consumed in engine testing (test_aviation_gasoline)

Record only when the test uses aviation gasoline; state grade, lead status, schedule, and fuel return.

• Selected flow: Aviation gasoline 60324705-7a75-4213-82e6-30e7b9a24bc9
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fuel supplied minus unused fuel returned
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_engine_test_records
• Sources: faa-ac-33-2b

Purchased electricity for engine testing (test_electricity)

Record test-cell controls, instruments, ventilation, pumps, and dynamometer loads.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered test-cell electricity after documented allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_engine_test_records
• Sources:

Lubricating oil consumed in engine testing (test_lubricating_oil)

Record oil consumed or removed from the balance; exclude oil retained when the reference state includes it.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: oil charged minus recovered oil and oil retained in the declared product state
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_engine_test_records
• Sources: faa-ac-33-2b

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from engine testing (test_carbon_dioxide_fossil)

Record direct test-cell fossil carbon dioxide; exclude upstream fuel production emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured exhaust mass or carbon-balance calculation from consumed fossil carbon
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_engine_test_records
• Sources:

Fossil carbon monoxide from engine testing (test_carbon_monoxide_fossil)

Record direct fossil carbon monoxide emitted to air during the included schedule.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured concentration integrated with exhaust flow and test duration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_engine_test_records
• Sources:

Nitrogen oxides from engine testing (test_nitrogen_oxides_air)

Record measured nitrogen oxides under the declared reporting convention. No exact TianGong UUID is confirmed; keep the species convention and reported-as basis explicit.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides emitted to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured concentration integrated with exhaust flow and test duration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dry mass released
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_engine_test_records
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
alloc_subdivision	shared facilities and processes	First subdivide meters, issue records, test logs, and waste records by model, line, batch, or time so only attributable exchanges remain.	ec-pef-method-2021
alloc_physical	inseparable shared exchanges	When subdivision is not feasible, allocate by a documented causal physical driver such as machine hours, test-cell hours, treated area, or net dry mass.	ec-pef-method-2021
alloc_nonphysical	residual multifunctionality	Use economic or another nonphysical allocation only after documenting why subdivision and a causal physical relation are infeasible; disclose period, basis, sensitivity, and rows.	ec-pef-method-2021
alloc_scrap	aluminium and steel scrap	Report generated scrap as waste at the gate. Do not subtract avoided-primary-material credits; any recycling allocation belongs in a separately declared lifecycle model.	ec-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bom_materials	engine_manufacturing_and_assembly	aluminium alloy and alloy-steel inputs	ERP issues/returns, receipts, and bill of materials	UUID; specification; state; supplier; lot; issued and returned mass; model; output mass	reconcile net issues to model-specific production orders	kg	each transaction; monthly aggregation	common period, normally at least 12 months	every included site	sum net issues by atomic material and divide by conforming output mass	approved bill; certificates; scale and ERP reconciliation
cp_manufacturing_utilities	engine_manufacturing_and_assembly	electricity	dedicated/shared meters	meter; readings; multiplier; allocation driver; downtime; output mass	dedicated meter or reconciled causal allocation	kWh and MJ	continuous/shift; monthly	full reporting period	included operations	subtract nonproduction loads, allocate, convert, normalize	calibration; invoices; allocation and hours
cp_manufacturing_consumables	engine_manufacturing_and_assembly	cutting fluid and lubricating oil	purchase, issue, make-up, recovery, and return	UUID; formulation; concentration; issued, returned and recovered mass; destination; model	mass balance each named consumable	kg	each transaction; monthly	full reporting period	included machining and assembly	issue minus return and recovery, normalized	stock reconciliation; tickets; specifications; scales
cp_manufacturing_wastes	engine_manufacturing_and_assembly	aluminium scrap, steel scrap, and waste cutting oil	transfer notes and container weights	UUID; material; contamination; gross/tare; destination; route; order	weigh each segregated transfer and reconcile stocks	kg	each transfer; monthly	full period with opening/closing stock	included operations	transfers plus closing minus opening stock, normalized	manifests; scale calibration; inventory; receipt
cp_surface_treatment_records	chemical_surface_treatment	utilities, sodium hydroxide, wastewater, and CO2	meters, bath sheets, issues, wastewater and fuel records	route; readings; concentration; mass; batch; treated basis; wastewater; density; gas conditions; carbon factor	collect each atomic exchange and reconcile balances	kg, m3, kWh, and MJ	batch/continuous; monthly	every included campaign	each included treatment line	causal treated-area, batch-time, or mass allocation, normalized	calibration; bath logs; analysis; invoices; transfers
cp_engine_test_records	engine_test	fuel, electricity, oil, and exhaust	fuel/oil balances, meters, schedule, exhaust measurements, fuel analysis	serial/model; test; time/load/speed; fuel; mass in/return; electricity; oil; exhaust flow; CO/NOx/CO2; carbon	collect every test with calibrated instruments or approved carbon balance	kg, kWh, MJ, m3, concentration	every test	all included tests	included test cell and engines	sum by model, subtract returns, normalize	test report; calibration; fuel certificate; release; workbook

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized exchange = allocated reporting-period exchange / conforming-engine net dry output mass in the same pool	allocated exchange; output mass	exchange per 1 kg reference product	ec-pef-method-2021
calc_electricity_mj	electricity	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6	kWh	MJ
calc_net_consumable	cutting fluid and oil	net consumed = issued − unused return − recovered mass crossing back over the boundary	issue, return, recovery	kg consumed
calc_waste_stock	wastes	generated = transferred out + closing stored − opening stored; keep identities separate	transfers and stocks	kg waste
calc_direct_co2	fossil CO2	use measured mass or consumed fossil carbon balance; document carbon fraction, oxidation, and carbon assigned to CO	fuel and carbon-bearing emissions	kg fossil CO2
calc_exhaust_species	test CO and NOx	integrate compatible concentration and exhaust flow over each segment; document reference conditions, moisture, molecular conversion, and NOx convention	concentration, flow, time, conditions	kg species

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Preserve model, architecture, ratings, fuel, oil, cooling, ignition, configuration, accessories, dry-mass convention, release state, site, and period.	model definition; release and mass records; faa-ac-33-2b
dq_completeness	inventory	Reconcile bill of materials, utilities, consumables, wastes, and direct emissions; add atomic rows for actual exchanges absent here.	signed reconciliation and exclusions
dq_temporal	foreground data	Use one common period, normally at least 12 consecutive months; justify shorter campaigns and align stocks.	dated records and production summary
dq_technology	processes	Identify onsite/outsourced operations, treatment technology, test-cell configuration, and allocation drivers.	process map; supplier and equipment records
dq_geography	inputs and operations	State sites and supplier geographies and use upstream datasets matching received state and region.	declarations and dataset metadata
dq_measurement	meters, scales, analyzers	Retain calibration, conditions, detection limits, gaps, replacements, and precision evidence.	calibration and QA records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
vr_identity	product and reference flow	Fail when the product is not a completed aircraft spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary piston engine or required model, ratings, configuration, release, and net-dry qualifiers are missing.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025, faa-ac-33-2b
vr_reference_amount	reference product	Require output to equal exactly 1 kg after normalization and all denominators to use the same conforming net-dry output mass.	ec-pef-method-2021
vr_atomic_inventory	inventory rows	Reject plural collections, combined utilities/fuels, mixed wastes, generic emission groups, or a flow/property/unit mismatch.
vr_conditional_processes	surface treatment and test	Require applicable/not-applicable evidence. If applicable, require complete atomic chemical, utility, waste, fuel, and direct-emission records; a zero needs records.	ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006, faa-ac-33-2b
vr_uuid_and_localization	UUID-bearing flows	Require state-100 identity, compatible property/unit, and official TianGong Chinese baseName. Keep test_nitrogen_oxides_air unresolved until an exact read is approved.
vr_mass_and_stock_reconciliation	materials, product, waste	Require issue/return, product mass, segregated scrap, waste-oil stock changes, and documented residuals.	ec-pef-method-2021
vr_allocation	shared processes	Require subdivision first, then causal physical allocation; flag nonphysical allocation without infeasibility and sensitivity evidence.	ec-pef-method-2021
vr_external_ranges	quantitative ranges	Reject an externally inferred range lacking two independent, compatible, original-text-verified sources. This PCR supplies none; foreground records remain mandatory.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset only after representativeness and completeness review
downstream_use	Factory-gate process data, supplier product footprints, and lifecycle models that separately add installation, use, maintenance, overhaul, and end of life
allowed_use	Matching engine model, route, site/geography, period, net-dry configuration, and allocation context
excluded_use	Aircraft comparisons without downstream stages; use-phase fuel/emissions; maintenance/overhaul; other ignition types or applications; cross-model substitution without review
required_metadata	PCR id; product UUID; manufacturer/model; architecture/configuration; ratings; fuel/oil/cooling/ignition; accessories; net-dry convention; sites; period; routes; upstream datasets; allocation; unresolved UUIDs; cut-offs/deviations
required_quality_disclosure	primary-data share; meter/scale/analyzer coverage; calibration/uncertainty; bill and waste reconciliation; test coverage; temporal/geographic/technological representativeness; gaps/substitutions; review status
update_trigger	model, configuration, material, supplier state, site, route, treatment/test technology, fuel/oil, allocation, period, material-gap correction, or unresolved-UUID confirmation

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv, retrieved 2026-09-05	CPC 43131 identity and separation from parts and other engines
faa-ac-33-2b	official_guidance	U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, AC 33-2B, Aircraft Engine Type Certification Handbook, 30 June 1993, https://www.faa.gov/documentlibrary/media/advisory_circular/ac%2033-2b.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-05	Reciprocating-engine model descriptors, ratings, fuel, oil, coolant, ignition, dimensions, dry weight, and test qualifiers
ec-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission, Product Environmental Footprint Method, Annexes 1 to 2 to Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, https://environment.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/Annexes%201%20to%202.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-05	Functional unit/reference flow, boundary, company-specific bill of materials and manufacturing inventory, quality, and allocation hierarchy
ec-jrc-stm-bref-2006	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Surface Treatment of Metals and Plastics BREF, adopted August 2006, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/surface-treatment-metals-and-plastics, retrieved 2026-09-05	Conditional chemical/electrolytic treatment boundary, water-based operations, and associated activities