Linear acting (cylinders) hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers finished hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders that convert fluid pressure into reciprocating linear force and motion. It covers single-rod, double-rod, single-acting, and double-acting cylinders supplied as products, including cylinders with integral cushioning or sensing provisions when those features are part of the declared product.

The product boundary excludes rotary hydraulic or pneumatic motors, pumps, compressors, valves, complete fluid-power systems, separately supplied cylinder parts, electric linear actuators, installation hardware not supplied with the cylinder, use-phase fluid or compressed-air supply, maintenance, and end-of-life. A foreground data package must state whether it represents a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder and must not average the two technologies without reporting the production-weighted mix.

The normal reporting boundary is cradle-to-factory-gate: upstream production of purchased materials, blanks, components, utilities, and packaging; on-site component manufacture and finishing when performed; assembly; acceptance or function testing; and packaging through release of the saleable cylinder. ISO cylinder standards confirm that the covered products are linear hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, while the official CPC record distinguishes them from other fluid-power engines and motors.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.linear-acting-cylinders-hydraulic-and-pneumatic-power-engines-and-motors
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43211 (exact context; mapping acceptance is governed separately)
covered_products	Finished hydraulic or pneumatic linear cylinders, including single-acting or double-acting and single-rod or double-rod designs
excluded_products	Rotary fluid-power motors; pumps; compressors; valves; complete fluid-power systems; separately supplied cylinder parts; electric linear actuators
representative_product	One factory-gate finished and acceptance-tested hydraulic or pneumatic linear cylinder
production_route	Receipt of formed blanks and purchased parts; machining and applicable finishing; assembly; hydraulic acceptance testing or pneumatic function testing; packaging
market_state	Saleable finished cylinder, dry or with declared residual test medium, packaged as supplied at the factory gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A finished hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder providing reciprocating linear force and motion at the declared rated pressure
How much	1 kg of accepted cylinder product at the factory gate
How well	Meets the declared bore, stroke, mounting, pressure rating, leakage or function acceptance criteria, material specification, and supplied accessory configuration
How long or cycle	Declared design service life or rated duty-cycle basis; if unavailable, disclose that service-life performance is not represented by the mass-based functional unit
reference_flow_link	reference_product_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Linear acting (cylinders) hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors aea61250-788d-4a2b-9c63-ff24b8113469
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	hydraulic or pneumatic medium; single-acting or double-acting; single-rod or double-rod; bore; stroke; rated pressure; mounting and cushioning configuration; sensing provisions; principal barrel, rod, end-cap, piston, and seal materials; net product mass; acceptance-test standard or procedure; residual test medium; production geography and reference year; manufacturing and surface-finishing route; supplied packaging; declared design life or cycle rating

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass_basis	reference product and all normalized inventory	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize inventory to 1 kg of accepted, packaged cylinder product. Exclude pallets and returnable transport packaging unless supplied as part of the declared product system.
energy_conversion	electricity rows	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve the metered electricity quantity and convert kWh to MJ with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not add upstream generation emissions as direct foreground emissions.
gas_volume_basis	industrial oxygen and compressed-air rows	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report volume at the metering reference pressure and temperature and disclose those conditions; do not mix normal, standard, and actual cubic metres without conversion.
water_mass_basis	process-water and cleaning-wastewater rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer direct mass records; when volume is metered, document water density and reference conditions used for conversion.
test_fluid_volume_basis	hydraulic test fluid	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record only net fresh make-up crossing the foreground boundary; separately disclose recirculated test-loop inventory and any fluid shipped in the product.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Formed cylinder-part blanks, purchased finished parts, seals, process chemicals, utilities, and packaging delivered to the reporting manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	The first foreground condition; upstream production and delivery of every purchased input remain represented by linked upstream datasets
product_classification_scope	Finished hydraulic and pneumatic linear cylinders only; separately supplied parts and non-linear fluid-power engines or motors are outside the product identity
recursive_input_rule	A purchased CPC 43211 cylinder used as an input must be recorded as an upstream product input and must not be recursively re-expanded inside this PCR; separately purchased CPC 43251 parts remain parts inputs
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link every purchased product and utility input to a geography-, technology-, and product-state-compatible upstream dataset; disclose proxies and any missing upstream dataset
disclosure	Declare make-or-buy shares, material and surface-treatment routes, hydraulic or pneumatic product mix, rejected-product treatment, on-site treatment, packaging basis, test-medium recovery, temporal coverage, and cut-offs

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gate	foreground and upstream boundary	Include purchased-input production and delivery, on-site component manufacture and applicable finishing, assembly, acceptance or function testing, and packaging through factory-gate release.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; iso-6020-2-2015; iso-15552-2018; iso-10100-2020
boundary_make_or_buy	purchased versus internally produced parts	Record the actual make-or-buy split. Do not count the same finished part both as a purchased input and as the output of on-site machining.	festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017; skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information
boundary_route_specific_exchanges	machining, cleaning, coating, and testing routes	Add each material, chemical, utility, waste, and direct elementary emission actually crossing the process boundary as its own atomic exchange; a route not used is omitted with documented evidence.	skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information; iso-10100-2020
boundary_use_and_end_of_life	downstream stages	Exclude installation, use-phase hydraulic-fluid or compressed-air supply, maintenance, and end-of-life from the default factory-gate dataset; include them only in a separately declared expanded system boundary.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
component_manufacture	Component forming, machining, cleaning, and applicable surface finishing	conditional	Include for the production-weighted share made or finished at the reporting site; purchased finished parts are represented as upstream inputs to assembly	foreground component production	per kg accepted cylinder product
assembly_test_packaging	Assembly, acceptance or function testing, and packaging	required	Always include; apply hydraulic and pneumatic test-medium cards only to the represented product route	foreground final production	1 kg accepted packaged cylinder product

Process: Component forming, machining, cleaning, and applicable surface finishing (component_manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Formed cylinder-part blanks (formed_parts_input)

Record formed major-part blanks entering on-site machining. Alloy, component mix, supplier, and forming route are required foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Formed cylinder major parts, blanks d49e36f8-d7ec-4e9d-aa51-0705a64c2b39
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased and internally transferred blank mass consumed, net of documented reusable returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_materials
• Sources: festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017

Electricity for component manufacture (machining_electricity)

Record metered electricity for forming, machining, honing or burnishing, grinding, polishing, cleaning, and in-scope finishing equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered or defensibly allocated electricity consumed by in-scope component operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_utilities
• Sources: skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information

Process water for wet machining and cleaning (machining_process_water)

Record water supplied to wet machining or cleaning only when it crosses the site process boundary.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fresh process-water input; exclude recirculated internal water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_utilities
• Sources:

Water-miscible metalworking fluid (metalworking_fluid)

Record the formulated water-miscible machining-fluid concentrate or ready-to-use fluid that is consumed by the foreground operation; do not substitute a constituent chemical.

• Selected flow: Water-miscible metalworking fluid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased make-up fluid consumed, adjusted for opening and closing stock and off-site returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_materials
• Sources: skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (alkaline_cleaning_sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when the declared cleaning or surface-preparation route consumes it.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: neat-equivalent sodium hydroxide consumed, calculated from solution mass and verified concentration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_chemicals
• Sources:

Industrial oxygen for HVOF coating (hvof_oxygen)

Record industrial oxygen only when high-velocity oxygen-fuel coating is performed within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered industrial oxygen supplied to in-scope HVOF coating
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_utilities
• Sources: skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information

Outputs

Product flows

Machined and finished cylinder parts (finished_parts_output)

Record accepted component mass leaving on-site component manufacture for assembly.

• Selected flow: Machined and finished cylinder parts 10c2da25-4cfe-4d11-a8a2-cc05ab9ef994
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted finished-part mass transferred to assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_outputs
• Sources: festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017; skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information

Waste flows

Steel swarf (steel_swarf)

Record steel machining swarf leaving the process for recycling, recovery, or disposal; disclose retained metalworking-fluid contamination.

• Selected flow: Steel swarf 6a16eab5-8097-4e37-8d28-aa1e81b8bb5c
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet or dry swarf mass, with moisture and adhering-fluid basis declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_outputs
• Sources:

Cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

Record cleaning wastewater sent to on-site treatment, sewer, or off-site treatment before any allocation of treatment burdens.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cleaning f0402393-e82c-47e8-9cd8-a486c97f3e89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wastewater leaving cleaning operations; exclude internally recirculated water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_outputs
• Sources:

Process: Assembly, acceptance or function testing, and packaging (assembly_test_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Machined and finished cylinder parts for assembly (finished_parts_input)

Record the total mass of internally transferred and purchased finished cylinder parts entering assembly without double counting.

• Selected flow: Machined and finished cylinder parts 10c2da25-4cfe-4d11-a8a2-cc05ab9ef994
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured finished-part mass entering assembly, reconciled to the make-or-buy split
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_materials
• Sources: festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017

Elastomer cylinder seal sets (elastomer_seal_sets)

Record finished rod, piston, wiper, and static seal elements supplied for assembly as one mass-measured seal-set exchange; disclose material families and do not use raw nitrile-rubber identity as a proxy.

• Selected flow: Elastomer cylinder seal sets
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured seal-set mass installed plus production losses
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_materials
• Sources: festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017

Hydraulic fluid for acceptance testing (hydraulic_test_fluid)

Record only net fresh hydraulic-fluid make-up for hydraulic-cylinder testing; do not record recirculated loop inventory as a new input.

• Selected flow: Hydraulic Fluid 30691a38-a947-4b41-991e-194f6c9aa88f
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: opening inventory plus purchases minus closing inventory, off-site returns, and recovered fluid, apportioned to accepted hydraulic cylinders
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted hydraulic cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance_testing
• Sources: iso-10100-2020

Compressed air for pneumatic function testing (pneumatic_test_air)

Record compressed air delivered to the test bench for accepted and rejected pneumatic cylinders.

• Selected flow: Compressed air 46e2b1e4-5a4e-4579-b6a2-65b03f9ce825
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered test-air volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted pneumatic cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance_testing
• Sources: iso-15552-2018

Electricity for assembly, testing, and packaging (assembly_electricity)

Record metered electricity consumed by assembly tools, test benches, handling, and packaging equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered or defensibly allocated electricity consumed by the process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_utilities
• Sources: iso-10100-2020

Corrugated board box (corrugated_box)

Record finished corrugated boxes supplied with the cylinder. Other actual packaging components must be added as separate atomic exchanges.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured corrugated-box mass supplied with accepted product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted packaged cylinder product (reference_product_output)

This row is the reference product output after acceptance or function testing and packaging.

• Selected flow: Linear acting (cylinders) hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors aea61250-788d-4a2b-9c63-ff24b8113469
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference output of 1 kg accepted packaged cylinder product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg accepted packaged cylinder product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	shared production lines and utilities	Prefer subdivision, sub-metering, batch records, machine time, or another causal driver before allocation. Document the driver and the production quantities to which it applies.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_recycled_metal	steel swarf and other recoverable metal	Report waste mass and destination separately. Do not subtract an avoided-primary-metal credit inside the foreground inventory; any recycling credit belongs to the declared downstream modelling method.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rejected_products	rejected cylinders and reworked parts	Assign the burdens of rejects and rework to accepted output unless a documented physical causal model supports a different treatment; disclose internal recycling loops.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_multi_product_site	residual shared burdens	If subdivision and causal allocation are impracticable, allocate residual shared burdens by production mass for the same reporting period and disclose the sensitivity to an alternative driver such as machine hours.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_component_materials	component_manufacture	formed blanks and metalworking fluid	purchase, stock, and transfer records	item identity; supplier; alloy or formulation; opening stock; receipts; closing stock; returns; transferred mass	reconcile procurement and inventory records to production lots	kg	monthly with annual reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period	all in-scope component operations	consumption = opening + receipts - closing - returns; normalize by accepted product mass	supplier specification, invoices, calibrated scales, stock reconciliation
cp_component_chemicals	component_manufacture	cleaning and finishing chemicals	batch sheets and concentration records	solution mass or volume; density; active concentration; opening and closing stock; off-site returns	record each concrete chemical separately and calculate neat-equivalent mass	kg	per bath make-up with monthly aggregation	representative continuous 12-month period	every in-scope wet-treatment line	sum neat-equivalent consumption and normalize by accepted product mass	formulation certificate, concentration test, calibrated meter or scale
cp_component_utilities	component_manufacture	electricity, process water, and industrial oxygen	meter and invoice records	meter id; opening and closing reading; reference conditions; shared-load driver; downtime	direct sub-metering preferred; documented machine-hour allocation permitted	MJ, kg, or m3 as applicable	per batch or monthly	representative continuous 12-month period	all in-scope component operations	subtract excluded loads, allocate shared loads by causal driver, normalize by accepted product mass	meter calibration, invoices, allocation worksheet
cp_component_outputs	component_manufacture	finished parts, steel swarf, and cleaning wastewater	transfer, scale, and waste records	output mass; reject mass; swarf mass; contamination basis; wastewater mass; destination	weigh accepted parts and outgoing wastes; document wet or dry basis	kg	per batch with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period	all in-scope component operations	aggregate accepted output and each waste separately; normalize by accepted cylinder mass	calibrated scales, transfer tickets, waste manifests, water balance
cp_assembly_materials	assembly_test_packaging	finished parts and seal sets	bills of material, issue, and loss records	component identity; material; quantity; unit mass; issued mass; returned mass; scrap	reconcile lot-level bill of material to actual issue and loss records	kg	per product family and batch	representative continuous 12-month period	all assembly lines in scope	installed plus loss mass, excluding returned reusable stock, normalized by accepted product mass	controlled bill of material, supplier specifications, calibrated scales
cp_acceptance_testing	assembly_test_packaging	hydraulic fluid and compressed air	test-bench logs and utility records	product route; accepted and rejected units; test procedure; fluid purchases and stock; recovered fluid; air meter readings; pressure; temperature	meter test air and reconcile hydraulic-fluid make-up to test batches	m3	per test batch with monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12-month period	all hydraulic and pneumatic test benches in scope	include accepted and rejected tests; allocate only by documented batch records; normalize to accepted route-specific product mass	controlled test procedure, meter calibration, stock reconciliation, acceptance records
cp_assembly_utilities	assembly_test_packaging	electricity	meter and production records	meter id; readings; operating hours; accepted product mass; excluded loads	direct sub-metering preferred; documented equipment-hour allocation permitted	MJ	monthly	representative continuous 12-month period	assembly, testing, handling, and packaging equipment	subtract excluded loads and normalize by accepted product mass	meter calibration, invoice reconciliation, allocation worksheet
cp_packaging	assembly_test_packaging	corrugated boxes	packaging issue and product dispatch records	packaging identity; unit mass; issued quantity; returns; accepted shipped mass	weigh representative packaging and reconcile issued quantity to dispatch	kg	per packaging specification with monthly aggregation	representative continuous 12-month period	all supplied factory-gate packaging	net supplied packaging mass normalized by accepted product mass	packaging specification, calibrated scale, issue and dispatch records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every collected inventory row	normalized amount = reporting-period exchange amount / accepted packaged cylinder mass	exchange amount; accepted packaged product mass	amount per kg reference product	iso-14044-2006
calc_solution_active_mass	alkaline_cleaning_sodium_hydroxide	neat NaOH mass = solution mass × verified NaOH mass fraction	solution mass; concentration result	kg NaOH
calc_electricity_mj	electricity rows	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6	metered kWh	MJ
calc_hydraulic_makeup	hydraulic_test_fluid	net fresh make-up = opening inventory + purchases - closing inventory - recovered off-site returns	stock and purchase records	m3 hydraulic fluid	iso-10100-2020
calc_make_or_buy_reconciliation	finished_parts_input	total finished-parts input = internal accepted transfer + purchased finished-parts input; exclude any purchased blank already counted in internal output	transfer and purchase records	kg finished parts	festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Report hydraulic or pneumatic route, action type, rod configuration, bore, stroke, rated pressure, materials, mass, acceptance criteria, and supplied accessories.	controlled product specification and accepted bill of material
dq_temporal_representativeness	all foreground data	Use a continuous 12-month period representative of normal production, or explain shorter coverage, start-up, shutdown, and abnormal batches.	dated meter, production, procurement, and waste records
dq_mass_balance	component manufacture and assembly	Reconcile material inputs to accepted product, rejects, internal returns, wastes, and inventory change; investigate unexplained imbalance.	signed mass-balance worksheet and stock reconciliation
dq_route_separation	hydraulic and pneumatic products	Keep route-specific bills of material and test media separate; a combined dataset requires a documented production-weighted mix.	production quantities and route-specific records
dq_measurement	meters and scales	Use calibrated or verified instruments and retain unit, reference-condition, and allocation metadata.	calibration certificate, meter id, and data-extraction record
dq_completeness	process inventory	Record every actual atomic material, chemical, utility, packaging component, waste, and direct elementary emission above the declared cut-off; explain exclusions and proxies.	completeness checklist, purchase ledger, waste register, permits, and process walk-through
dq_upstream_compatibility	linked upstream datasets	Match product state, geography, technology, recycled content, treatment route, and reference period as closely as practicable; disclose mismatch.	dataset-selection log and supplier specification

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validation_reference_flow	reference output	Confirm exactly 1 kg of accepted packaged cylinder output and all required qualifiers are declared.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validation_process_coverage	process map	Confirm assembly, acceptance or function testing, and packaging are included; confirm component manufacture is included for the actual make share.	iso-10100-2020; skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information
validation_route_consistency	route-conditional rows	Hydraulic test fluid may apply only to hydraulic products, compressed air only to pneumatic testing, sodium hydroxide only to alkaline cleaning, and industrial oxygen only to HVOF coating.	iso-10100-2020; iso-15552-2018; skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information
validation_atomic_exchanges	all inventory	Reject umbrella or combined flow labels; every selected flow must be one physical, chemical, energy, waste, or elementary exchange.
validation_make_or_buy	finished parts	Confirm purchased blanks, internal finished-part output, and purchased finished parts are reconciled without double counting.	festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017
validation_mass_balance	material balance	Confirm inputs, accepted output, rejects, internal returns, wastes, and stock change reconcile within the site's documented measurement uncertainty.	iso-14044-2006
validation_uuid_and_units	UUID-bearing rows	Confirm every UUID is public state 100 and the selected property and unit group match the row; unresolved rows remain explicitly identified.
validation_range_status	important flows	Confirm foreground records are collected. Do not apply external empirical ranges until at least two independent, boundary-compatible original sources have been verified.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground production dataset for finished hydraulic or pneumatic linear cylinders
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product-footprint, supply-chain, equipment, and lifecycle models whose product specification, geography, technology, time, and factory-gate boundary match the dataset
excluded_use	Direct substitution for rotary motors, pumps, valves, complete fluid-power systems, separately supplied parts, use-phase energy modelling, or an undeclared hydraulic/pneumatic average
required_metadata	All Required qualifiers; CPC context; site and geography; reference year; data owner; make-or-buy share; production mix; process routes; allocation; cut-offs; upstream datasets; packaging; acceptance procedure; unresolved UUIDs and proxies
required_quality_disclosure	Temporal coverage; meter and scale quality; mass-balance result; production representativeness; route separation; rejected-product treatment; test-medium recovery; upstream dataset mismatch; missing exchanges; uncertainty and range-evidence gaps
update_trigger	Material change in product design, mass, bill of material, surface treatment, hydraulic/pneumatic mix, production technology, test procedure, packaging, supplier geography, allocation, or data older than the reporting program's validity period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	dataset	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Official product classification identity
un-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Official hierarchy and distinction between finished cylinders and parts
china-mof-2024-tariff-adjustment-annex	official_guidance	Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, 2024 tariff adjustment annex. https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202405/P020240531308646828162.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Professional Chinese terminology for straight-line hydraulic and pneumatic power devices
iso-6020-2-2015	standard	ISO 6020-2:2015, Hydraulic fluid power — Mounting dimensions for single rod cylinders, 16 MPa (160 bar) series — Part 2: Compact series. https://committee.iso.org/standard/61339.html (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Hydraulic-cylinder applicability and required design qualifiers
iso-15552-2018	standard	ISO 15552:2018, Pneumatic fluid power — Cylinders with detachable mountings, 1 000 kPa (10 bar) series, bores from 32 mm to 320 mm — Basic, mounting and accessories dimensions. https://committee.iso.org/standard/66921.html (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Pneumatic-cylinder applicability and required design qualifiers
iso-10100-2020	standard	ISO 10100:2020, Hydraulic fluid power — Cylinders — Acceptance tests. https://committee.iso.org/standard/75271.html (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Inclusion and documentation of hydraulic-cylinder acceptance testing
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. https://committee.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-09-05)	LCI calculation, allocation, reporting, and validation framework
festo-dnc-standard-cylinders-2017	handbook	Festo, Standard cylinders DNC, ISO 15552, technical data, 2017/11. https://ftp.festo.com/Public/PNEUMATIC/SOFTWARE_SERVICE/Documentation/2018/EN/DNC_EN.PDF (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Representative pneumatic-cylinder components and materials
skf-hydraulic-seals-general-technical-information	handbook	SKF, Hydraulic seals — general technical information. https://cdn.skfmediahub.skf.com/api/public/09d1d840c2d1f94d/pdf_preview_medium/HydraulicSeals_SKF_12393_3_EN_screen_pdf_preview_medium.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Cylinder-bore honing or burnishing, rod hardening, grinding, hard-chromium plating, polishing, and alternative coating routes