Industrial robots

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR supports production of a foreground, factory-gate dataset for an industrial robot. The covered product is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in at least three axes and intended for industrial automation. Covered mechanical structures include articulated, Cartesian or gantry, cylindrical, spherical, parallel or delta, and SCARA robots. Collaborative industrial robots are included when they meet the same product definition.

The declared product may include its dedicated controller, control stick or teach pendant, cables, and shipped accessories only when these are part of the manufacturer's sales unit and mass record. A customer end-effector, workpiece, mobile platform, guards, fixtures, conveyors, application-specific process equipment, and the integrated robot application are excluded unless physically integral to the sold robot and explicitly included in the product identity and net mass. Service robots, medical robots, teleoperated manipulators, autonomous mobile platforms without a qualifying manipulator, dedicated non-multipurpose handling equipment, spare parts sold separately, and complete automation cells are outside the category.

The core dataset begins with processed materials and finished components received by the robot factory and ends with the finished robot and its declared packaging leaving the factory. Supplier production is linked as upstream background data. Distribution, installation, use, maintenance, and end-of-life are downstream stages and are not part of this foreground record. This factory-gate record may be linked into a broader life-cycle study, but it is not by itself a full product carbon-footprint result.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.industrial-robots
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43561, Industrial robots (exact semantic reference; classification mapping remains separately governed)
covered_products	Automatically controlled, reprogrammable multipurpose industrial manipulators with at least three programmable axes, whether fixed in place or fixed to a mobile platform; collaborative industrial robots meeting this definition
excluded_products	Service and medical robots; robotic devices that do not meet the robot definition; mobile platforms without a qualifying manipulator; customer end-effectors; integrated application cells; dedicated non-multipurpose handling equipment; separately sold parts
representative_product	One finished industrial robot sales unit at the manufacturer's factory gate
production_route	Receipt of processed materials and finished components; in-house part fabrication when applicable; assembly; software loading needed for factory test; functional and safety testing; finishing or cleaning when applicable; packaging
market_state	New, factory-tested industrial robot in the declared sales configuration, before distribution and customer integration

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide reprogrammable manipulation or positioning capability for the declared industrial automation task
How much	One finished industrial robot sales unit delivered at the factory gate
How well	Meet the declared robot type, payload, reach, number of axes, positioning accuracy or repeatability, motion speed, controller configuration, and applicable functional-safety specifications
How long or cycle	One delivered robot; declare the design or reference service life for downstream comparability, while excluding use and maintenance from this factory-gate dataset
reference_flow_link	The functional-unit robot is linked to the measured net mass of that same finished sales unit; packaging mass is reported separately and is not part of the reference-product mass

Field	Value
Reference amount	Measured net mass in kg of one finished industrial robot sales unit
Reference product flow	Industrial robots f3a1c3db-6e8f-4406-b490-2d174edfc7a8
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model and sales configuration; kinematic type; intended industrial-automation application; number of programmable axes; rated payload; reach; positioning accuracy or repeatability; rated or tested speed; fixed or mobile mounting; controller and teach-pendant inclusion; end-effector exclusion or inclusion; shipped accessories; net robot mass; packaging mass; factory geography; production technology and reporting period; design or reference service life

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_robot_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh or derive from controlled product specifications the net mass of the exact finished sales configuration. Exclude packaging and customer-supplied end-effectors. One functional-unit robot corresponds to this measured kg amount.
material_mass	Material, component, packaging, scrap, and wastewater rows measured by mass	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Preserve measured mass. If item counts are converted to mass, retain item count, measured or supplier mass per item, and calculation. Do not substitute gross shipped mass for net robot mass.
electrical_energy	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve the electricity meter basis and convert kWh to MJ with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Record voltage level, grid geography, losses boundary, and whether shared utilities were allocated.
gas_volume	Gaseous natural gas and industrial oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report volume at disclosed reference temperature and pressure. If supplier records use energy or mass, retain the original value and documented conversion, composition, and reference conditions.
one_robot_consistency	Functional unit and reference flow	Mass and item identity	one robot and kg	The item count must be exactly one robot and the reference mass must describe the same model, controller scope, accessories, and factory-gate state.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Processed materials and finished robot components accepted at the reporting factory gate, with supplier, geography, product state, quantity, and upstream dataset link recorded
starting_condition_role	Purchased material or component input to foreground robot manufacturing
product_classification_scope	Multipurpose industrial robots meeting the semantic definition in section 1; classification references do not independently expand the product boundary
recursive_input_rule	If a purchased input is itself a complete industrial robot, record it as a same-category upstream product with its own dataset and do not recreate its manufacturing inventory inside this foreground process; robot parts and controllers remain their own concrete component flows
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link every purchased material, component, fuel, electricity supply, water supply, and waste-treatment service to a geographically and technologically appropriate upstream dataset; disclose any proxy
disclosure	Declare in-house fabrication and finishing operations, purchased-versus-made components, controller and accessory scope, packaging scope, excluded application equipment, factory geography, technology, reporting period, and all cut-offs

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	Foreground product system	Include all on-site fabrication, assembly, software loading required for factory testing, functional and safety testing, cleaning or finishing when used, internal handling, packaging, direct emissions, wastewater, and solid waste from receipt of inputs through factory-gate release.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
boundary_upstream_links	Purchased inputs	Represent production and transport of received materials, components, accessories, packaging, energy, and treatment services with upstream datasets; do not duplicate those burdens as direct foreground emissions.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
boundary_product_scope	Robot versus application system	The manipulator is the category-defining object. Include a dedicated controller or teach device only when part of the declared sales unit; exclude the customer end-effector, workpiece, mobile platform, safeguards, cell equipment, and integration unless integral and explicitly declared.	ifr-world-robotics-2025-sources-methods; schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023
boundary_downstream	Distribution, installation, use, maintenance, and end-of-life	Exclude downstream stages from the core foreground record and disclose this partial boundary. Link this dataset into separately modelled downstream scenarios when a life-cycle result is required.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint; schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023
boundary_software	Software and firmware	Include electricity and material exchanges for software loading and factory testing when attributable. Exclude software-development activity unless the study deliberately expands the boundary and reports it separately.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
robot_manufacturing	Industrial robot factory manufacturing	required	Always include for a factory-gate industrial robot dataset; individual fabrication, utility, chemical, fuel, and waste rows apply only when the corresponding route occurs at the reporting factory	Foreground fabrication, assembly, testing, finishing or cleaning, and packaging	Measured net kg of one finished industrial robot sales unit

Process: Industrial robot factory manufacturing (robot_manufacturing)

Inputs

Product flows

Aluminium alloy for robot structures (aluminium_alloy)

Record the concrete aluminium alloy entering in-house fabrication or final assembly, with alloy designation and product form. Do not also count the aluminium contained in a purchased finished component.

• Selected flow: Aluminium alloy
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when aluminium alloy crosses the reporting factory boundary as material rather than solely inside a purchased component.
• Amount rule: Net issued mass minus documented returns to stock, normalized to the reference robot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Stainless steel for robot structures and fasteners (stainless_steel)

Record the declared stainless-steel grade and product form entering the factory. Exclude stainless steel already embedded in separately inventoried purchased components.

• Selected flow: Stainless steel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when stainless steel crosses the reporting factory boundary as material.
• Amount rule: Net issued mass minus documented returns to stock, normalized to the reference robot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Copper for conductors and windings (copper)

Record copper metal entering in-house conductor, winding, or busbar fabrication. Do not double count copper embedded in purchased motors, cables, drives, or printed circuit boards.

• Selected flow: Copper
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when copper crosses the reporting factory boundary as metal.
• Amount rule: Net issued mass minus documented returns to stock, normalized to the reference robot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Polycarbonate for covers or housings (polycarbonate)

Record polycarbonate resin or purchased polycarbonate part mass according to the actual procurement state; do not mix those states in one dataset without separate upstream identities.

• Selected flow: Polycarbonate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when polycarbonate is present in the declared product and crosses the factory boundary in the stated procurement form.
• Amount rule: BOM and issue-record mass normalized to the reference robot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Printed circuit board for robot control (printed_circuit_board)

Record the populated printed circuit board entering the factory for the robot or included controller. Declare board type and whether its mass is included in a separately inventoried controller.

• Selected flow: Populated printed circuit board
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when a populated printed circuit board is purchased separately and included in the declared sales unit.
• Amount rule: BOM item count multiplied by measured or supplier mass per board
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint; schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Electric servo motor for robot axes (electric_servo_motor)

Record the concrete electric servo motor delivered for a robot axis, with rated power or torque and mass. Do not separately add its embedded copper or steel unless the motor is manufactured inside the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Electric servo motor
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when electric servo motors cross the reporting factory boundary as purchased components.
• Amount rule: BOM item count multiplied by measured or supplier mass per motor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Gear reducer for robot joints (gear_reducer)

Record the concrete joint gear reducer as purchased, including reducer type and component mass.

• Selected flow: Gear reducer
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when gear reducers cross the reporting factory boundary as purchased components.
• Amount rule: BOM item count multiplied by measured or supplier mass per reducer
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Electrical cable for the declared robot sales unit (electrical_cable)

Record the mass of power, signal, and communication cable supplied with the robot, excluding external cell wiring.

• Selected flow: Electrical cable
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include only cable supplied in the declared sales unit.
• Amount rule: BOM or kitting-record mass normalized to the reference robot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials_components
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Purchased electricity for manufacturing and testing (electricity)

Record electricity attributable to fabrication, assembly, software loading, functional and safety testing, cleaning, and packaging. Upstream grid emissions are represented by the linked electricity dataset, not as direct emissions.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ
• Inclusion condition: Always include measured or allocation-supported purchased electricity.
• Amount rule: Submetered consumption or justified shared-meter allocation for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_fuels
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Process water for on-site wet operations (process_water)

Record process water used in machining, cleaning, surface treatment, testing, or cooling when it crosses the foreground boundary. Declare source, quality, delivery boundary, and any density conversion.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when a wet operation consumes process water at the reporting factory.
• Amount rule: Metered or tank-balance water supplied to included processes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemicals
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Natural gas for on-site thermal operations (natural_gas)

Record natural gas consumed by attributable ovens, space-independent process heating, or other included thermal operations. Do not include gas absent from the declared manufacturing route.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Inclusion condition: Include only when natural gas is consumed by an included on-site operation.
• Amount rule: Supplier-meter or dedicated submeter volume at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_fuels
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Diesel fuel for attributable on-site equipment (diesel_fuel)

Record diesel issued to included on-site handling or backup equipment only when consumption is separately attributable to robot manufacturing; exclude employee travel and non-attributable general site use.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include only when diesel equipment serves an included foreground operation and use is attributable.
• Amount rule: Fuel issue, tank-balance, or equipment-meter record
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_fuels
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Sodium hydroxide for metal pretreatment (sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide in the supplied state when used for in-house metal cleaning or pretreatment. Declare solution concentration and convert solution records to both solution mass and contained chemical mass.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include only when a sodium-hydroxide pretreatment bath is inside the foreground boundary.
• Amount rule: Purchasing and bath make-up records adjusted for stock change and concentration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemicals
• Sources:

Industrial oxygen for on-site cutting or welding (industrial_oxygen)

Record supplied oxygen used in included cutting or welding operations, with purity, pressure, supply mode, and reference conditions.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Inclusion condition: Include only when oxygen-consuming cutting or welding occurs inside the foreground boundary.
• Amount rule: Cylinder stock balance or bulk-gas meter at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemicals
• Sources:

Corrugated cardboard shipping package (corrugated_cardboard)

Record the corrugated cardboard physically supplied with one robot. Do not combine paperboard, wood, foam, or other packaging materials in this row.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when corrugated cardboard is part of the declared factory-gate package.
• Amount rule: Weighed packaging mass or packaging specification for the exact sales configuration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources: schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Polyethylene packaging film (polyethylene_film)

Record only the polyethylene film supplied with the declared robot package. Other plastic packaging requires a separate concrete flow row in the foreground data package.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when polyethylene film is part of the declared factory-gate package.
• Amount rule: Weighed film mass or packaging specification for the exact sales configuration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources: schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed for the default manufacturing route. Record a concrete secondary material as a product input, not as an unspecified waste input, when it has a verified product status.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed. Resource extraction belongs to linked upstream material and energy datasets.

Outputs

Product flows

Finished industrial robot reference product (industrial_robot)

Record the measured net mass of the exact factory-tested sales configuration. Packaging is excluded from this mass and reported in its material rows.

• Selected flow: Industrial robots f3a1c3db-6e8f-4406-b490-2d174edfc7a8
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Always include exactly one finished reference robot.
• Amount rule: Measured net product mass for one finished robot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: one finished industrial robot sales unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_reference_product
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; ifr-world-robotics-2025-sources-methods; t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Waste flows

Segregated steel scrap from in-house fabrication (steel_scrap)

Record steel scrap transferred to internal or external treatment when steel fabrication occurs on site. Do not mix it with aluminium, copper, electronic, or municipal waste.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when in-house steel fabrication generates a separately managed steel-scrap stream.
• Amount rule: Scale-ticket or container mass balance for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Segregated aluminium scrap from in-house fabrication (aluminium_scrap)

Record aluminium scrap transferred to treatment when aluminium fabrication occurs on site. Keep alloy-contaminated or mixed-metal waste separate when it follows a different treatment route.

• Selected flow: Aluminium scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when in-house aluminium fabrication generates a separately managed aluminium-scrap stream.
• Amount rule: Scale-ticket or container mass balance for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Industrial wastewater from included wet operations (industrial_wastewater)

Record wastewater transferred to on-site or external treatment, with the generating operation and treatment destination. Do not combine it with stormwater or sanitary wastewater.

• Selected flow: Industrial wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when an included wet operation produces industrial wastewater.
• Amount rule: Discharge meter, tank transfer, or documented water balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from on-site fuel combustion (fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Record fossil CO2 released directly at the factory from the natural gas or diesel rows. Exclude upstream fuel-supply emissions and all emissions embodied in purchased electricity.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Inclusion condition: Include when fossil fuel in an included operation is combusted on site.
• Amount rule: Direct measurement or calculation from collected fuel quantity, composition, and disclosed carbon-balance factor using calc_fossil_co2
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured net kg of one finished industrial robot
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_fuels
• Sources: t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Multi-product robot manufacturing and shared operations	Avoid allocation by subdividing processes, using model-specific BOM and routing records, and separately metering utilities wherever practicable.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
allocation_physical	Unavoidable shared material, energy, or production-line burdens	Use a documented physical relationship that reflects causation. Product quantity, net product mass, machine time, or measured process time may be used when appropriate; disclose numerator, denominator, and period.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
allocation_common_utilities	Common utilities without submetering	Allocate only the share serving included robot manufacturing. Prefer measured operating time or equipment demand; if unavailable, use the reporting period's finished-robot output quantity or mass and justify why it represents utility use.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
allocation_waste_treatment	Shared wastewater and solid-waste treatment	Prefer direct measurement by process or waste stream. If treatment cannot be separated, allocate by the finished-product output of the generating process and disclose the method.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
allocation_economic_fallback	Cases without a defensible physical relation	Economic allocation is a last resort. Record price basis, currency, reference period, co-products, sensitivity, and reason physical allocation failed. Do not credit recycling or avoided burden inside the factory-gate inventory without an explicit downstream method.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_reference_product	robot_manufacturing	reference product identity and mass	product specification, final inspection record, calibrated scale record	model; serial or lot; configuration; controller and accessory scope; end-effector scope; axes; payload; reach; accuracy or repeatability; speed; net mass; packaging mass; release count	Link released units to controlled specifications and weigh a representative complete sales unit without packaging	robot; kg	each model or material configuration change, with reporting-period release count	Same reporting period as inputs	Reporting factory and declared product line	Reconcile released unit count and net product mass to production records; normalize inventory to the exact reference robot	Calibration certificate; approved specification; final inspection and release record
cp_bom_materials_components	robot_manufacturing	material and purchased component inputs	approved BOM, ERP issue and return records, supplier specifications	item id; material or component name; grade or model; procurement state; supplier; quantity; unit; mass per item; stock change; returned quantity; included product models	Reconcile approved BOM to actual issue, return, and inventory records; prevent double counting embedded materials and purchased components	kg; item	batch or monthly, aggregated for the reporting period	At least one representative production year when available	Reporting factory and included product line	Net input = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented returns or diversions; allocate shared model inputs under section 7	BOM revision; ERP extract; supplier mass specification; stock reconciliation
cp_energy_fuels	robot_manufacturing	purchased electricity, natural gas, diesel, and direct fuel-combustion CO2	utility invoice, submeter, fuel issue, tank balance, gas-quality record	meter id; opening and closing reading; purchased quantity; unit; voltage; gas temperature and pressure; fuel composition; equipment; operating time; calibration; allocation driver	Prefer dedicated meters; otherwise reconcile invoices and equipment operating records to an explicit allocation	MJ; m3; kg	continuous or monthly	Same reporting period as product output	Included factory operations only	Sum net consumption, convert units under section 4, allocate shared consumption under section 7, and calculate direct CO2 under calc_fossil_co2	Invoice; meter calibration; fuel certificate; tank reconciliation; equipment log
cp_water_chemicals	robot_manufacturing	process water, sodium hydroxide, and industrial oxygen	water meter, tank or cylinder balance, purchasing and bath records	material identity; concentration or purity; quantity; unit; opening and closing stock; make-up; discarded bath; temperature and pressure for gases; process served	Meter or reconcile stock and purchase records for each concrete material	kg; m3	batch or monthly	Same reporting period as product output	Included wet, thermal, cutting, or welding operations	Net consumption = receipts + opening stock - closing stock - documented return; report chemical solution and contained substance consistently	Meter calibration; certificate of analysis; purchase record; bath or cylinder log
cp_packaging	robot_manufacturing	corrugated cardboard and polyethylene film	packaging specification, kitting record, scale record	product model; packaging component; material identity; item count; mass per item; reused fraction; returnable status	Weigh each packaging component for the exact sales configuration and reconcile to packaging issue records	kg; item	each packaging design change, checked during reporting period	Current packaging specification and reporting period	Packaging applied at the reporting factory	Sum each material separately; exclude returnable packaging that does not leave with the product and disclose its handling	Approved packaging drawing; scale calibration; issue record
cp_waste_outputs	robot_manufacturing	steel scrap, aluminium scrap, and industrial wastewater	scale ticket, container log, discharge meter, treatment manifest	waste identity; generating operation; quantity; unit; storage change; destination; treatment route; transporter; date	Weigh or meter each segregated waste stream and reconcile internal accumulation to transfers	kg	each transfer, aggregated monthly	Same reporting period as product output	Waste generated by included operations	Generation = transferred quantity + closing storage - opening storage; keep materials and treatment routes separate	Scale or meter calibration; waste manifest; treatment receipt; water balance

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every inventory row	Divide the reporting-period exchange by total measured net kg of conforming finished industrial robots; retain the one-robot model-specific mass so a user can reconstruct exchange per robot.	reporting-period exchange; released robot count by model; net mass by model; allocation driver	exchange per kg reference flow and exchange per declared robot	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
calc_component_mass	Item-counted components	Component mass = accepted item count × measured or supplier-controlled mass per item; subtract returned or rejected components not incorporated in the reference product and record their destination separately.	item count; mass per item; returns and rejects	kg component input	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
calc_electricity_mj	Purchased electricity	Electricity in MJ = metered kWh × 3.6. Preserve the original kWh and do not add grid-generation emissions as foreground elementary flows.	metered kWh; voltage and grid qualifiers	MJ purchased electricity	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
calc_solution_mass	Sodium-hydroxide solution	Contained NaOH mass = net solution mass × measured mass fraction. Preserve solution mass, concentration, and contained NaOH mass.	net solution mass; concentration	kg sodium hydroxide
calc_fossil_co2	On-site fossil fuel combustion	Calculate fossil CO2 from collected fuel quantity, carbon content or a disclosed fuel-specific factor, oxidation treatment, and unit conversions. Do not calculate upstream fuel or purchased-electricity emissions in this row.	natural-gas or diesel quantity; composition or factor; oxidation basis	kg direct fossil CO2	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
calc_mass_reconciliation	Product, material, component, packaging, and solid-waste records	Reconcile net mass inputs to product, packaging, stored work in progress, waste, and documented mass-changing operations. Investigate unexplained imbalance rather than forcing it to zero.	input masses; product mass; packaging mass; waste mass; stock changes	disclosed mass-balance check

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product	Product model, sales configuration, controller and accessory scope, end-effector scope, technical qualifiers, net mass, factory, and reporting period must identify one reproducible robot configuration.	Approved specification, BOM revision, final inspection, calibrated mass record
dq_primary_data	Foreground materials, energy, water, fuels, waste, and direct emissions	Use site records for included factory operations. Prefer at least one recent representative production year; shorter campaigns must disclose coverage and seasonality or ramp-up limitations.	ERP extract, invoices, meters, issue logs, manifests, production records
dq_completeness	All included operations	Check for missing assembly, testing, packaging, in-house fabrication, finishing, internal handling, energy, direct emissions, wastewater, and solid-waste exchanges. Disclose every exclusion and evaluate its significance.	Process walk-through, flow diagram, purchase ledger reconciliation, mass and energy checks
dq_upstream_match	Linked background datasets	Match geography, technology, material grade or component state, electricity voltage and grid, fuel specification, water supply, and waste treatment. Disclose proxies and substituted geographies.	Dataset metadata and documented mapping table
dq_consistency	Bilingual and machine projections	Use the same row ids, process ids, UUIDs, controlled values, and rule ids in both languages; regenerate the structured projection from canonical English.	Bilingual review and deterministic structured sync
dq_uncertainty	Missing ranges and allocated data	Do not invent external ranges. Flag missing range evidence, quantify allocation sensitivity when material, and replace unresolved UUIDs or ranges before publication review when evidence becomes available.	Review metadata, sensitivity record, source review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_identity	Dataset identity	Fail the dataset if it does not describe an automatically controlled, reprogrammable multipurpose manipulator with at least three programmable axes for industrial automation, or if the canonical PCR id and product-flow identity disagree.	ifr-world-robotics-2025-sources-methods; t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
validation_reference_flow	Functional unit and reference flow	Require exactly one robot and its measured net mass in kg for the same configuration. Packaging must be separate; controller, teach device, accessories, end-effector, and mobile-platform scope must be explicit.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
validation_boundary	Factory-gate scope	Require the declared starting condition, included factory operations, upstream dataset links, downstream exclusions, factory geography, reporting period, and cut-offs. Reject double counting of upstream electricity or fuel emissions as direct foreground emissions.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
validation_inventory_atomicity	Inventory exchanges	Each row must describe one concrete material, component, energy, fuel, chemical, waste, or elementary emission. Conditional rows must state applicability; absent exchanges use not_applicable only with route evidence.
validation_mass_energy	Quantitative inventory	Reconcile product count and mass to production records, purchased electricity to meter or invoice totals, fuels to stock or meter records, and material inputs to product, packaging, stock change, and segregated waste. Investigate unexplained differences.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
validation_allocation	Shared operations	Require subdivision or submetering where feasible. Every remaining allocation must disclose driver, numerator, denominator, period, co-products, and physical or economic rationale.	t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint
validation_evidence	UUIDs, sources, and ranges	UUID-bearing flows must retain verified identity, property, and unit support. UUID-empty rows remain unresolved. External empirical ranges require at least two independent, original-text-verified, boundary-compatible sources; otherwise retain foreground collection and the unresolved range need.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset after independent review of site-specific foreground records; may serve as background_dataset only for users whose robot configuration, geography, technology, and factory-gate boundary are compatible
downstream_use	Link the factory-gate industrial-robot dataset into installation, operation, maintenance, remanufacturing, and end-of-life scenarios or into capital-equipment models
allowed_use	Model-specific factory-gate comparisons and supply-chain inventories when functional qualifiers, reference mass, included controller and accessories, geography, technology, allocation, and data period are compatible
excluded_use	A complete robot-application or automation-cell dataset; a use-phase energy model; a standalone full-life-cycle product carbon footprint; comparison of robots with different payload, reach, accuracy, speed, service life, or included equipment without functional adjustment
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id; product-flow UUID; model and sales configuration; technical qualifiers; net robot mass; packaging mass; included and excluded equipment; factory geography; technology; reporting period; process coverage; allocation; source and background-dataset mapping; unresolved items
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share and period; meter and scale quality; BOM version; product mix; allocation shares; cut-offs; data gaps; proxy datasets; mass and energy reconciliation; uncertainty and sensitivity; independent review status
update_trigger	Product or controller redesign; material or packaging change; factory or supplier-route change; major process or grid change; new allocation basis; reporting data older than the program's representativeness threshold; resolution of a material UUID or range evidence need

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Ver. 3.0 Structure, subclass 43561, Industrial robots. Official CSV: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-05; cached original SHA-256 sha256:5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c)	Product classification identity only
ifr-world-robotics-2025-sources-methods	official_guidance	International Federation of Robotics, World Robotics 2025 — Industrial Robots, Introduction: Sources and Methods, sections 1.7–1.9. https://ifr.org/img/worldrobotics/Sources___Methods_WR_2025_Industrial_Robots.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Industrial-robot definition, kinematic coverage, end-effector and mobile-platform distinctions, and category exclusions
t-cesa-1450-2025-robot-carbon-footprint	standard	T/CESA 1450—2025, 温室气体 产品碳足迹量化方法与要求 机器人. Official MIIT-hosted text: https://wap.miit.gov.cn/cms_files/filemanager/1226211233/attach/20261/151e4eb4b80245a7abf91fab5413ceda.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Chinese terminology; one-robot functional basis; production boundary; component, energy, waste, collection, allocation, and quality rules. This PCR uses the production-stage guidance and does not claim that its partial boundary is a complete T/CESA carbon footprint.
schneider-lexium-cobot-pep-2023	dataset	Schneider Electric, Product Environmental Profile — Lexium Cobot Standard Robot, ENVPEP2209025_V1, 05/2023. https://download.se.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=ENVPEP2209025EN&p_File_Name=ENVPEP2209025_V1.pdf&p_enDocType=Environmental%2BDisclosure (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Verified representative material and component composition, arm/end-effector boundary, packaging material examples, and manufacturing-versus-downstream stage separation; no empirical PCR range is inferred from this single product.