Hydraulic turbines and water wheels

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers manufacture of finished hydraulic turbines and water wheels that convert the energy of flowing or falling water into rotary mechanical power. Covered designs include impulse and reaction turbines, cross-flow turbines, hydrodynamic screw turbines, and traditional water wheels when delivered as finished hydraulic prime movers.

The foreground boundary begins when purchased semifinished metallic components, declared composite components, and manufacturing consumables enter the reporting manufacturer's control. It includes applicable machining, forming, welding, joining, cleaning, surface protection, assembly, factory hydraulic testing, inspection, and preparation for dispatch, and ends with the finished product ready to leave the factory gate. Supplier production of purchased inputs is represented by upstream datasets.

Electrical generators, governing or regulating equipment sold separately, bearings or other spare parts sold separately, penstocks, gates, civil works, powerhouse construction, site transport, installation, commissioning at the hydropower site, electricity generation during use, maintenance, and end-of-life treatment are excluded. If a sales contract bundles any excluded item with the hydraulic turbine or water wheel, report that item as a separate product system or a separately measured process; do not silently absorb it into this reference product.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.hydraulic-turbines-and-water-wheels
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43142, Hydraulic turbines and water wheels (exact)
covered_products	Finished hydraulic turbines and water wheels, including impulse, reaction, cross-flow, hydrodynamic screw, and traditional wheel designs supplied as hydraulic prime movers
excluded_products	Separately supplied generators, governors and regulators, parts and spares, pumps, wind and steam turbines, complete hydropower plants, civil works, and installation services
representative_product	A finished, inspected hydraulic turbine or water wheel ready for dispatch from the manufacturing site
production_route	Product-specific fabrication and assembly using purchased components; applicable conventional machining, forming, welding, surface protection, additive or composite manufacture, and factory water testing must be declared
market_state	New finished equipment at the manufacturer's gate, unpacked product mass excluding separately modelled transport packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of finished equipment that converts specified water head and flow into rotary mechanical shaft power
How much	1,000 kg of finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
How well	Conforms to the purchase specification and acceptance records for turbine or wheel type, rated head, rated flow, rated speed, rated mechanical power, hydraulic efficiency or other guaranteed performance, material grades, and completeness of supply
How long or cycle	One production lot as delivered at the factory gate; service life and use-stage electricity generation are not credited in the reference amount
reference_flow_link	1,000 kg of the finished reference product output reference_hydraulic_turbine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Hydraulic turbine or water wheel
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product type; impulse, reaction, cross-flow, screw, or wheel technology; model and configuration; rated head; rated flow; rated speed; rated mechanical power; guaranteed performance or acceptance criterion; principal material grades and product form; total finished mass; completeness of supply; coating system; factory-test status; manufacturing geography; production period

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	Finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine net finished product mass from a calibrated shipping scale or a reconciled as-built bill of materials. Exclude separately modelled transport packaging and loose installation tools. Normalize all inventory exchanges to 1,000 kg.
energy_conversion	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve the metered energy quantity and conversion basis. Convert kWh to MJ with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not relabel electrical energy as fuel mass.
gas_reference_conditions	Gaseous natural gas and industrial oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State the metering reference temperature and pressure. If the source record uses normal or standard cubic metres, retain that convention and its conversion rather than treating unlike reference conditions as equal.
water_mass_conversion	Process water and process wastewater	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer direct mass records. When converting measured volume to mass, document temperature, density, and whether recirculated water is excluded; record only net water crossing the foreground boundary.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased semifinished components, declared composite components, consumables, fuels, electricity, and water at the reporting manufacturer's receiving boundary
starting_condition_role	Upstream supplied inputs entering foreground hydraulic-turbine or water-wheel manufacture
product_classification_scope	Finished hydraulic turbines and water wheels; separately supplied parts, governors or regulators, generators, civil works, and plant-level systems are outside this product boundary
recursive_input_rule	If a finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel is purchased and incorporated without transformation, record it as an upstream product input with its own supplier dataset and disclose the incorporated mass; do not expand the same category recursively inside the foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use geographically, technologically, and temporally representative upstream datasets for each purchased material, component, energy carrier, chemical, water supply, and waste-treatment service
disclosure	Declare the product technology, supplied completeness, material route, fabrication processes, coating route, factory-test route, manufacturing sites, temporal coverage, and all exclusions or supplier-data substitutions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_factory_gate	foreground manufacturing system	Include all applicable operations under the manufacturer's control from receiving through fabrication, assembly, inspection, factory testing, and preparation of the finished product for dispatch. Use upstream datasets for purchased inputs.	us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020
sb_route_disclosure	technology and test routes	Declare whether conventional steel fabrication, additive manufacture, composite manufacture, surface coating, fuel-fired heat, oxygen-assisted cutting, and factory hydraulic testing apply. Include every applicable route and record non-applicability explicitly.	us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020
sb_excluded_systems	generator, site and use-stage systems	Exclude separately supplied generator and governing equipment, civil works, transport to site, installation, use-stage generation, maintenance, and end-of-life unless the study adds them as separately measured systems.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
component_fabrication_assembly	Component fabrication, assembly, inspection, and dispatch	required	Always included for the reporting manufacturer	Core foreground production	1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
fuel_fired_heat	Fuel-fired heat treatment or curing	conditional	Include when natural gas is combusted on site for heat treatment, preheating, drying, or curing attributable to the production lot	Conditional foreground thermal operation	Natural gas consumed for the reference-product lot
oxygen_assisted_cutting	Oxygen-assisted thermal cutting	conditional	Include when purchased industrial oxygen is used in thermal cutting attributable to the production lot	Conditional foreground cutting operation	Oxygen consumed for the reference-product lot
aqueous_cleaning_testing	Aqueous cleaning and factory hydraulic testing	conditional	Include when water or aqueous cleaning chemicals cross the foreground boundary for cleaning or factory water testing	Conditional foreground cleaning and test operation	Net make-up water and chemical use for the reference-product lot
surface_coating	Anticorrosion surface coating	conditional	Include when an anticorrosion coating system is applied under the reporting manufacturer's control	Conditional foreground finishing operation	Coating products issued to the reference-product lot

Process: Component fabrication, assembly, inspection, and dispatch (component_fabrication_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Low-alloy steel semifinished components (low_alloy_steel_components)

Record purchased low-alloy steel castings, forgings, plate fabrications, shafts, or other semifinished load-bearing components as one chemically and physically declared steel product input. Report grade and product form in the data package; do not combine stainless steel or non-steel materials in this row.

• Selected flow: Low-alloy steel semifinished components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: received mass incorporated in or processed for the reference-product lot, net of documented supplier returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_bom
• Sources: us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020

Stainless steel semifinished components (stainless_steel_components)

Record stainless steel blades, runners, shafts, fasteners, plate fabrications, or other semifinished components separately from low-alloy steel. The verified DOE case identifies 316L stainless steel as a turbine-blade route; the actual grade and form remain product-specific foreground facts.

• Selected flow: Stainless steel semifinished components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: received stainless-steel mass incorporated in or processed for the reference-product lot, net of documented supplier returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_bom
• Sources: us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020

Purchased electricity (electricity)

Record electricity crossing the manufacturing-site boundary and attributable to machining, forming, welding, assembly, inspection, material handling, and other core operations. Disclose grid mix, voltage, geography, losses, on-site generation treatment, and allocation from shared meters.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity or documented allocation from site meters to the reference-product lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Finished reference product (reference_hydraulic_turbine)

Record the finished, inspected hydraulic turbine or water wheel at the factory gate. The unresolved Tiangong product UUID must remain empty until a task-bound public state-100 identity is confirmed; no generic machinery proxy is permitted.

• Selected flow: Hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: net finished product mass ready for dispatch, normalized to exactly 1,000 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025

Waste flows

Segregated steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Record weighed steel offcuts, chips, turnings, and rejected steel parts leaving the foreground system for recycling or treatment as a concrete steel-scrap waste. Keep stainless-steel segregation in the raw records when practiced and disclose any coolant contamination.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed steel scrap leaving the foreground system, net of documented internal remelting or reuse
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_steel_scrap
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Fuel-fired heat treatment or curing (fuel_fired_heat)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural gas combusted on site (natural_gas)

Record gaseous natural gas only when it is combusted under the manufacturer's control for attributable heat treatment, preheating, drying, or curing. Supplier geography, composition, delivery pressure, technology, and reference conditions remain foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or invoice-reconciled natural gas consumed by applicable fuel-fired operations for the reference-product lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_natural_gas_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide (fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Record only fossil carbon dioxide directly emitted by on-site natural-gas combustion in the conditional thermal operation. Upstream electricity and fuel-supply emissions remain in background datasets and must not be duplicated here.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: natural-gas quantity multiplied by a documented fuel-composition or jurisdictional combustion factor, adjusted for measured oxidation where applicable
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_emission_calculation
• Sources:

Process: Oxygen-assisted thermal cutting (oxygen_assisted_cutting)

Inputs

Product flows

Industrial oxygen (industrial_oxygen)

Record purchased industrial oxygen only when used for thermal cutting under the manufacturer's control. Purity, pressure, metering reference conditions, supply geography, and on-site generation treatment must be declared.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered, cylinder-inventory, or supplier-record volume consumed for the reference-product lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_oxygen_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Aqueous cleaning and factory hydraulic testing (aqueous_cleaning_testing)

Inputs

Product flows

Process-water make-up (process_water)

Record net process water entering cleaning or factory hydraulic-test operations. Exclude recirculated water that does not cross the foreground boundary and document water source, quality, geography, density conversion, and test-loop make-up boundary.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured make-up and cleaning water entering the foreground system, net of documented recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020

Sodium hydroxide cleaning chemical (sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when an aqueous cleaning formulation containing it crosses the foreground boundary. Report supplied concentration and calculate dry NaOH-equivalent mass without combining other cleaning chemicals in this row.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased solution mass multiplied by declared sodium-hydroxide mass fraction, net of documented returns
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: kg NaOH equivalent per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_chemical_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Process wastewater (process_wastewater)

Record process wastewater discharged from cleaning or factory hydraulic testing after subtracting documented recirculation and evaporation. Do not combine it with solid residues, oils, or unrelated sanitary wastewater.

• Selected flow: Process wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge mass, or discharge volume converted with documented density, attributable to the reference-product lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Anticorrosion surface coating (surface_coating)

Inputs

Product flows

Anticorrosion coating system (anticorrosion_coating)

Record the applied anticorrosion coating system as one declared formulated product input only when coating occurs under the manufacturer's control. State resin family, curing mechanism, solids content, primer/topcoat scope, and whether the quantity is as supplied or dry film; separately add other chemically distinct coating products when they cross the boundary.

• Selected flow: Anticorrosion coating system
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: mass issued to the reference-product lot minus unopened returns, with applied and residual fractions documented
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_records
• Sources: us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
alloc_subdivision	shared manufacturing operations	First avoid allocation by separately metering or subdividing machining cells, furnaces, test loops, coating booths, and waste streams for the reference-product lot.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011
alloc_physical_relation	residual shared inputs and outputs	When subdivision is impracticable, allocate shared electricity, fuels, water, consumables, and wastes using a documented causal physical driver such as machine hours, furnace occupancy, treated surface area, test duration, or measured mass. Use economic allocation only when no defensible physical relation exists and disclose the sensitivity.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011
alloc_recycling_boundary	steel scrap and recyclable residues	Record recyclable steel scrap as a waste output at the factory gate and disclose the recycling approach. Do not credit avoided primary production inside this foreground process unless the downstream study applies one consistent, explicitly documented recycling method.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_bom	component_fabrication_assembly	Low-alloy and stainless steel inputs	receiving records and as-built bill of materials	supplier item; heat or grade; product form; received mass; returned mass; incorporated mass; lot identifier	Reconcile purchase receipts and calibrated receiving weights to the released as-built bill of materials	kg	Each production lot	Complete lot from first receipt through dispatch	All reporting-manufacturer sites processing the lot	Sum each steel type separately, subtract documented supplier returns, then normalize by finished product mass	Purchase documents; material certificates; calibrated-scale records; released bill of materials; reconciliation sign-off
cp_electricity_records	component_fabrication_assembly	Purchased electricity	meter and allocation record	meter start and end; kWh; voltage; grid or on-site source; machine hours; allocation driver; lot identifier	Read dedicated meters where available; otherwise allocate site or cell meters using documented machine-hour or operating-time drivers	kWh and MJ	At least monthly and for each production lot	Representative production period covering the lot	Every manufacturing site in the foreground boundary	Convert kWh to MJ, allocate consistently, sum all sites, and normalize by finished product mass	Meter identifiers; invoices; calibration or verification record; allocation worksheet
cp_product_mass	component_fabrication_assembly	Finished reference product	shipping-scale and dispatch record	product identifier; serial number; configuration; gross mass; excluded packaging mass; net product mass; calibration status	Weigh the finished product or reconcile an as-built mass statement to calibrated component weights	kg	Each finished unit or dispatch lot	At factory-gate release	Final assembly and dispatch sites	Sum net finished units and normalize all exchanges to exactly 1,000 kg	Scale certificate; dispatch note; as-built mass statement; acceptance release
cp_steel_scrap	component_fabrication_assembly	Segregated steel scrap	waste-scale and transfer record	waste type; steel grade class; container tare; gross mass; contamination; destination; lot allocation	Weigh segregated scrap containers and reconcile transfers to production lots	kg	Each transfer, aggregated by lot	Same period as material inputs	All fabrication sites	Subtract tare, exclude internal reuse, allocate shared containers by documented physical driver, and normalize by finished product mass	Scale record; waste transfer note; recycling receipt; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_natural_gas_records	fuel_fired_heat	Natural gas input	gas-meter and invoice record	meter start and end; volume; reference temperature and pressure; equipment; operating hours; lot allocation	Read dedicated equipment meters or allocate verified site meters using burner operating time and rated flow	m3	Each applicable lot, reconciled monthly	Full applicable heat-treatment or curing period	All sites combusting gas for the lot	Convert volumes to one declared reference condition, sum applicable equipment, and normalize by finished product mass	Meter or invoice; burner log; reference-condition statement; allocation worksheet
cp_fuel_emission_calculation	fuel_fired_heat	Direct fossil carbon dioxide	calculated emission record	normalized natural-gas quantity; gas composition or selected factor; factor source; oxidation assumption	Multiply collected fuel quantity by a documented supplier-specific or jurisdictional fossil-CO2 factor using consistent units	kg CO2	Each applicable lot	Same period as natural-gas records	All included combustion sources	Sum source-level fossil CO2 and normalize by finished product mass; exclude upstream fuel emissions	Calculation worksheet; factor publication or supplier analysis; reviewer sign-off
cp_oxygen_records	oxygen_assisted_cutting	Industrial oxygen input	meter, cylinder, or supplier record	delivered volume; returned inventory; pressure; reference conditions; purity; lot allocation	Use flowmeter records or reconcile full and returned cylinder inventories	m3	Each applicable lot	Full cutting period for the lot	All sites using oxygen-assisted cutting	Convert to the declared reference condition, subtract returns, and normalize by finished product mass	Meter calibration; cylinder tickets; supplier certificate; cutting log
cp_water_records	aqueous_cleaning_testing	Process-water make-up	water-meter and test-loop record	inlet meter; make-up volume; recirculated volume; discharge; evaporation estimate; density; lot identifier	Read dedicated inlet and make-up meters; reconcile the test-loop balance	kg or m3	Each cleaning or hydraulic-test campaign	Full applicable campaign	All cleaning and test-loop sites	Count only net boundary-crossing water, convert volume to mass with documented density, and normalize by finished product mass	Meter identifiers; calibration checks; test log; water-balance worksheet
cp_cleaning_chemical_records	aqueous_cleaning_testing	Sodium hydroxide input	chemical issue and formulation record	solution mass; NaOH concentration; returned mass; batch; application; lot identifier	Reconcile weighed chemical issues and returns with supplier concentration certificates	kg solution and kg NaOH equivalent	Each applicable batch	Full cleaning campaign	All sites using sodium hydroxide	Multiply net solution mass by certified mass fraction, sum by lot, and normalize by finished product mass	Purchase and issue records; safety data sheet or certificate of analysis; formulation sheet
cp_wastewater_records	aqueous_cleaning_testing	Process wastewater output	discharge meter or tank-transfer record	discharge volume or mass; density; source operation; recirculation; destination; lot allocation	Read discharge meters or weigh transferred tanks and exclude unrelated sanitary flows	kg or m3	Each discharge, aggregated by lot	Same period as water and chemical inputs	All included cleaning and test operations	Convert to mass where needed, subtract recirculated water, allocate shared discharges by documented water balance, and normalize by finished product mass	Meter or weigh record; treatment manifest; water balance; sampling record when available
cp_coating_records	surface_coating	Anticorrosion coating input	coating issue and return record	product name; resin family; component masses; solids content; issued mass; unopened return; residue; coated area; lot identifier	Weigh or reconcile issued coating kits, unopened returns, and residues by product	kg as supplied	Each coating batch	Full applicable coating campaign	All included coating sites	Report each declared coating product separately; calculate net issued mass and normalize by finished product mass	Purchase and issue records; technical data sheet; batch sheet; residue reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference_mass	all inventory rows	normalized amount = lot amount × 1,000 kg / net finished product mass of the same lot	lot exchange amount; net finished product mass	exchange amount per 1,000 kg finished product
calc_electricity_mj	purchased electricity	electricity in MJ = metered kWh × 3.6 MJ/kWh	metered electricity in kWh	purchased electricity in MJ
calc_naoh_equivalent	sodium hydroxide solution	NaOH-equivalent mass = net solution mass × certified NaOH mass fraction	issued solution mass; returned solution mass; certified concentration	kg NaOH equivalent
calc_direct_fossil_co2	on-site natural-gas combustion	direct fossil CO2 = normalized fuel quantity × documented compatible fossil-CO2 factor; preserve the factor basis and unit conversions	normalized natural-gas quantity; gas analysis or cited combustion factor; oxidation assumption	kg fossil CO2 per 1,000 kg finished product
calc_mass_balance	product, metals, coating and wastes	unexplained mass difference = total mass inputs − finished product mass − measured waste outputs − documented emissions or retained inventories; investigate rather than forcing the balance to zero	material receipts; product mass; waste weights; emissions; inventory changes	mass-balance reconciliation and unexplained difference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Record product type, model, configuration, rated hydraulic conditions, rated mechanical output, principal material grades, supplied completeness, finished mass, and factory-test status for every dataset.	Released drawings or specification; bill of materials; acceptance and dispatch records
dq_temporal_scope	all foreground data	Use records covering the complete production lot. If a reporting period contains multiple products, document the allocation driver and demonstrate that inventory changes at both ends are addressed.	Dated meter, production, inventory, and dispatch records
dq_site_completeness	multi-site manufacture	Include every reporting-manufacturer site that performs an operation for the lot, or disclose the omitted site and provide an upstream supplier dataset for its transferred component.	Site routing, transfer notes, supplier datasets, completeness checklist
dq_measurement	mass, energy, gas, oxygen, and water	Retain meter or scale identity, unit, calibration or verification status, reference conditions where applicable, and conversion calculations.	Calibration certificates; meter logs; scale records; conversion worksheet
dq_flow_identity	all inventory exchanges	Use one concrete flow per row. Preserve confirmed Tiangong UUIDs and official Chinese base names; keep unresolved UUIDs empty and prohibit semantic proxies.	UUID audit record; bilingual row comparison; unresolved-flow register
dq_source_representativeness	upstream datasets	Document supplier, geography, technology, product state, temporal coverage, and substitutions for upstream materials, energy, water, and treatment.	Supplier declarations; dataset metadata; substitution justification

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_reference_identity	reference flow and product metadata	Confirm that the output is a finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel, the net reference amount is exactly 1,000 kg, all required qualifiers are present, and excluded bundled systems are separately reported.	un-cpc-3-0-2025
val_process_applicability	conditional manufacturing routes	Reconcile route declarations with process records. A declared applicable route must have its atomic inputs and outputs; a non-applicable route must have explicit evidence and zero attributed exchanges.	us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020
val_mass_energy_reconciliation	foreground inventory	Reconcile product mass against grade-resolved material inputs, steel scrap, wastewater, coating residues, and inventory changes; reconcile electricity, fuel, oxygen, and water records to meters or invoices. Investigate unexplained differences without creating balancing flows.
val_allocation_consistency	shared processes and recycling	Verify that subdivision was attempted first, physical allocation drivers are causal and consistently applied, and any economic allocation or recycling credit is separately disclosed with sensitivity.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011
val_uuid_status	reference product and inventory flow identity	Confirm every populated UUID by public state-100 direct read and match English and Chinese base name, flow type, classification, property, unit group, product state, geography, technology, and general comment. UUID-empty rows must remain in the unresolved register and must not be replaced by a proxy.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Gate-to-gate foreground manufacturing dataset for a finished hydraulic turbine or water wheel, suitable for publication as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review
downstream_use	Component of cradle-to-gate or cradle-to-grave product systems for hydropower equipment, hydropower plants, refurbishment comparisons, procurement, and design studies
allowed_use	Use when product technology, rated hydraulic conditions, principal materials, supplied completeness, manufacturing geography, time period, coating route, and factory-test route are representative or explicitly adjusted
excluded_use	Do not use as a complete hydropower-plant dataset, an electricity-generation dataset, a separately supplied generator or governor dataset, a spare-part dataset, or a universal proxy across materially different turbine technologies without documented adjustment
required_metadata	PCR id and version state; product type and model; rated head, flow, speed, mechanical power, and guaranteed performance; finished mass; principal materials; supplied completeness; manufacturing sites and period; route applicability; coating and test status; allocation and recycling method; unresolved identities and data substitutions
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage and allocation; meter and scale quality; mass and energy reconciliation; upstream dataset representativeness; treatment destinations; data gaps; UUID audit status; uncertainty and sensitivity for material substitutions or shared-process allocation
update_trigger	New product technology or principal material; material change in supplied completeness, manufacturing route, factory-test route, site, grid or fuel supply; changed allocation or recycling method; more representative supplier data; resolution of a UUID or range-evidence gap; or records outside the declared temporal validity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv, retrieved 2026-09-05	Exact official product-classification identity and distinction from separately classified parts
us-doe-wpto-accomplishments-2020	Official guidance (official_guidance)	U.S. Department of Energy, Water Power Technologies Office, 2019–2020 Accomplishments Report, pages 42–45, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/01/f82/2019-2020-wpto-accomplishments-report.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-05	Turbine manufacturing-route decomposition, stainless-steel and conventional steel cases, forming, welding, grinding, painting, additive and composite manufacture, and factory water testing
ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011	Standard (standard)	World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard, 2011, chapter 9, https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/ghgp/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard-EReader_041613_0.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-05	Allocation hierarchy, physical allocation, consistency, and recycling-method disclosure