Cloth, grill, netting and fencing, of iron or steel wire; expanded metal of iron or steel

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to factory-gate production of iron- or steel-wire cloth, welded or woven grill and netting, non-barbed wire fencing, and expanded iron or steel sheet or plate. It covers raised or flattened expanded metal and products supplied as sheets, panels, or rolls. The declared product may be carbon, alloy, or stainless steel and may be uncoated or metallically coated, provided these qualifiers are disclosed.

The foreground boundary begins with the steel feedstock crossing the manufacturing-site boundary and ends with conforming product and separately identified waste and direct elementary flows leaving that boundary. It includes, when performed at the site, wire drawing, mechanical or acid surface preparation, weaving, knotting, electrical-resistance welding, slitting and stretching, flattening or calendering, cutting, coiling, heat treatment, galvanising, and finishing.

This PCR excludes copper, aluminium, plastics, textile netting, barbed wire, insulated electrical wire, installation or fencing services, use, maintenance, and end-of-life. Upstream production of purchased steel, zinc, chemicals, electricity, water, and fuel is represented by upstream datasets and is not recreated in the foreground inventory. Detachable transport packaging is outside the reference product mass and is modelled separately when included in the declared dataset boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.fabricated-metal-products-except-machinery-and-equipment.cloth-grill-netting-and-fencing-of-iron-or-steel-wire-expanded-metal-of-iron-or-steel
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 42943 (exact classification context; mapping acceptance is governed separately)
covered_products	Iron- or steel-wire cloth; welded or woven grill and netting; non-barbed wire fencing; raised or flattened expanded iron or steel sheet or plate
excluded_products	Barbed wire; copper or aluminium wire mesh; plastic or textile netting; insulated electrical wire; installation services; fabricated assemblies whose principal function is outside this product boundary
representative_product	Factory-gate steel wire mesh or expanded steel metal supplied as a declared sheet, panel, or roll
production_route	Wire route: purchased wire rod or steel wire, with route-specific drawing, weaving, knotting or resistance welding; expanded-metal route: flat steel sheet or coil, slit and stretched, optionally flattened; either route may include cutting, coiling, heat treatment, galvanising, and finishing
market_state	Conforming dry product at the factory gate, uncoated or with the declared coating, supplied as sheet, panel, or roll; detachable packaging excluded from net product mass

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply iron- or steel-wire mesh, grill, netting, non-barbed fencing, or expanded iron or steel metal for the declared screening, separation, guarding, reinforcement, or fencing function
How much	1 kg net mass of conforming factory-gate product
How well	Meets the declared product family, steel grade, construction, aperture or mesh geometry, wire diameter or strand dimensions, surface finish or coating, dimensional tolerance, and applicable customer specification
How long or cycle	One factory-gate delivery; service life and use cycles are outside this cradle-to-gate reference
reference_flow_link	The reference amount is 1 kg of the reference_product_output flow after normalising the production campaign to net conforming output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Wire Mesh f225c346-5bf4-489e-9342-9e1dcedca6ae
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product family (wire_cloth, welded_grill_or_netting, woven_or_knotted_netting_or_fencing, or expanded_metal); iron or steel grade and alloy family; wire diameter or sheet thickness; aperture, mesh or strand geometry; welded, woven, knotted, raised or flattened construction; coating material and coating state; sheet, panel or roll delivery form; net product mass; production route and starting feedstock state; manufacturing site and geography; reference period; recycled-content claim basis; included finishing operations

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and mass-based inventory rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use net dry mass of conforming product. Exclude detachable packaging, pallets, carriers, and unrecovered process scrap. Report moisture or retained process liquid if material to the delivered state.
area_to_mass	production or sales records reported by area	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert m2 to kg only with measured lot- or product-specific mass per area that matches alloy, wire or strand dimensions, aperture, and coating. Do not use a category-wide default conversion.
electricity_energy	purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity by delivery point and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; disclose voltage level, grid geography, and whether transformation or site-distribution losses are included.
gas_volume	gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record metered gas volume at the stated temperature and pressure reference conditions. Convert to energy only with a measured or supplier-specific calorific value for the same period.
solution_mass	Hydrochloric acid (30%) and other supplied solutions	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record mass of the supplied solution and its concentration. Do not report active-acid mass as though it were supplied-product mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Steel feedstock received at the foreground site as hot-rolled wire rod, drawn steel wire, or unexpanded flat steel sheet or coil; the selected state and any pre-existing coating must be declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the route-specific forming and finishing process
product_classification_scope	Factory-gate products semantically within iron- or steel-wire cloth, grill, netting, non-barbed fencing, or expanded iron or steel metal; CPC 3.0 code 42943 is classification context, not canonical identity ownership
recursive_input_rule	A purchased input already within this PCR product category, such as preformed mesh sent for coating, remains a product input with its own upstream dataset; do not recreate its production or count it as fresh steel feedstock
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased steel form, zinc, chemical, electricity, water, fuel, and same-category intermediate to a geography-, technology-, grade-, and delivery-state-appropriate upstream dataset
disclosure	Declare product family, starting feedstock state, integrated versus purchased wire drawing, mesh-forming technology, expanded-metal geometry, surface-preparation route, coating route, finishing operations, scrap recovery boundary, wastewater or bath treatment boundary, packaging inclusion, site, geography, and reference period

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_site_gate	all foreground datasets	Include all route-specific unit operations performed from receipt of the declared steel feedstock through net conforming product at the factory gate, including associated site utilities, chemicals, wastes, and direct emissions.	usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021; eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022; ppg-expanded-metal-process-2018
boundary_upstream_inputs	purchased materials and energy	Represent production and delivery of purchased inputs through upstream datasets; do not duplicate those upstream processes in the foreground inventory.
boundary_actual_exchanges	unlisted site exchanges	Add every material site exchange not explicitly represented below as its own chemically or physically specific product, waste, or elementary flow; do not substitute a utility, chemical, waste, or emissions umbrella.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
route_specific_fabrication	Route-specific forming, mesh making, finishing, and packing	required	Select and disclose one covered product family and record only the route operations actually performed at the foreground site	foreground production	Net kg of conforming factory-gate product

Process: Route-specific forming, mesh making, finishing, and packing (route_specific_fabrication)

The process aggregates the connected site operations to avoid inventing UUID-bearing internal intermediates. The dataset must retain submeter, batch, and operating-record detail sufficient to distinguish wire drawing, welding or weaving, slit-and-stretch forming, flattening, heat treatment, galvanising, and finishing.

Inputs

Product flows

Hot-rolled low-carbon steel wire rod (steel_wire_rod_input)

Record this input only when wire drawing occurs within the foreground site. The UUID remains unresolved because no state-100 candidate passed the bilingual identity audit.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolled low-carbon steel wire rod
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured received mass issued to the covered production campaign, net of stock change and material returned to stores
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021; eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Purchased drawn steel wire (steel_wire_input)

Record purchased wire that crosses the site boundary for weaving, knotting, welding, or fencing. Do not use this row for wire rod drawn on site.

• Selected flow: Steel Wire 62bb3717-f62c-43e0-baca-46a1e6f847c4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured received mass issued to the covered production campaign, net of stock change and returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021

Unexpanded flat steel sheet or coil (steel_sheet_input)

Record the flat steel feedstock only for the expanded-metal route. The UUID remains unresolved because the public sheet candidates had conflicting bilingual material or form identities.

• Selected flow: Unexpanded flat steel sheet or coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured received mass issued to slit-and-stretch production, net of stock change and returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: ppg-expanded-metal-process-2018

Purchased electricity (electricity_input)

Record electricity crossing the site meter for drawing, welding, weaving, expanding, flattening, cutting, coiling, pumping, ventilation, and finishing that are within the declared foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered electricity allocated from submetered operations or a documented campaign allocation and converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meters
• Sources: usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021; ppg-expanded-metal-process-2018

Wire-drawing lubricating oil (lubricating_oil_input)

Record fresh lubricating oil crossing the boundary only when oil-based drawing lubrication is used on site. Declare formulation and account separately for recovered oil if it leaves the boundary.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Purchased mass plus opening stock minus closing stock and separately documented recovered oil returned to use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Hydrochloric acid supplied at 30% (hydrochloric_acid_30_input)

Record this acid product only when a 30% hydrochloric-acid supply crosses the boundary for on-site pickling. Other acid chemistries or supply concentrations must be separate product-flow rows.

• Selected flow: Hydrochloric acid (30%) 56414d25-a353-4d67-b362-87212ce6011d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg supplied solution
• Amount rule: Purchased solution mass plus opening stock minus closing stock and off-site returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Zinc metal for galvanising (zinc_metal_input)

Record zinc metal only when hot-dip galvanising occurs within the foreground boundary. Declare the zinc grade and separate any other alloy additions into their own rows.

• Selected flow: Special High Grade zinc metal 2d8ff1bd-e128-4c74-a99d-b8734c99bbd2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Zinc purchases plus opening bath inventory minus closing bath inventory, off-site returns, and separately measured recoverable zinc-bearing outputs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Process water (process_water_input)

Record process water crossing the site boundary when used for aqueous cleaning, rinsing, bath make-up, or direct process cooling. Exclude non-process sanitary water and avoid counting recirculated water repeatedly.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or tank-balanced make-up water crossing the foreground boundary, excluding internal recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Gaseous natural gas (natural_gas_input)

Record natural gas only for on-site fired heating, drying, heat treatment, or galvanising-bath heating included in the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Metered volume at declared reference conditions, assigned by submeter or documented campaign allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meters
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming wire mesh or expanded metal (reference_product_output)

Record net conforming product after route-specific forming and all included finishing. Use the selected Tiangong Chinese and English baseNames only as database display identities; preserve the fuller declared product qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Wire Mesh f225c346-5bf4-489e-9342-9e1dcedca6ae
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Net measured conforming output, normalised to exactly 1 kg reference product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_waste_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (steel_scrap_output)

Record steel offcuts, trimmings, rejected pieces, and other segregated post-industrial steel scrap leaving the foreground boundary. Do not include internally remelted or immediately reworked material as an external output.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed mass leaving the site, adjusted for documented stock change and excluding material internally reworked into conforming product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_waste_mass
• Sources: usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021; ppg-expanded-metal-process-2018

Spent hydrochloric-acid steel-pickling liquor (spent_pickling_liquor_output)

Record this specific waste only when hydrochloric-acid pickling is performed and spent bath liquor crosses the foreground boundary. Keep rinse-water effluent and other acids in separate rows.

• Selected flow: Spent hydrochloric-acid steel-pickling liquor
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or metered spent bath liquor transferred off site or to a separately modelled treatment process, net of regenerated liquor returned to the bath
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_waste_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Zinc dross from galvanising bath (zinc_dross_output)

Record zinc dross only when it is separately removed from an on-site galvanising bath and leaves the foreground boundary. Do not combine it with ash, scrap steel, sludge, or wastewater.

• Selected flow: Zinc dross from galvanising bath
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed segregated zinc dross leaving the bath and crossing the site or treatment boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_waste_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide (fossil_co2_output)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide crossing to air only from on-site combustion units within the foreground boundary. Do not include upstream grid-electricity or purchased-fuel production emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Facility stack or emissions-system record assigned to the included combustion units and production campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming reference product output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_routes	mixed product families or materially different routes	Prefer separate meters, batch records, and process subdivision for wire-mesh and expanded-metal routes and for coated versus uncoated production. Do not allocate one undifferentiated plant total when route-resolved records exist.
allocation_shared_operations	shared electricity, gas, water, and finishing operations	Allocate a shared operation using a documented physical driver causally related to consumption, such as machine time, metered energy, bath throughput, or processed mass. Report the driver and allocation factor; use economic allocation only when no defensible physical relationship exists and disclose a sensitivity check.
allocation_scrap	post-industrial steel scrap and zinc-bearing outputs	Record separately measured waste outputs without avoided-burden credit in the foreground inventory. If a study applies recycling, substitution, or co-product treatment downstream, report that modelling choice, boundary, factor, and sensitivity outside the measured foreground exchange.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipts	route_specific_fabrication	steel_wire_rod_input; steel_wire_input; steel_sheet_input; lubricating_oil_input; hydrochloric_acid_30_input; zinc_metal_input	purchase, weighbridge, stores, bath-inventory, and issue records	material identity; alloy/grade; form; coating state; solution concentration; supplier; received mass; opening stock; closing stock; returns; campaign id	Reconcile receipts and stores or bath inventory to material issued to each declared campaign	kg	each receipt and campaign; aggregate monthly or by production campaign	At least 12 consecutive representative months, or the full shorter campaign with justification	All foreground lines and stores serving the declared product	Sum receipts + opening stock - closing stock - off-site returns; assign only material issued to the declared campaign	Calibrated scale records; invoices; batch certificates; stock reconciliation; concentration certificate; exception log
cp_energy_meters	route_specific_fabrication	electricity_input; natural_gas_input	utility invoices, main meters, submeters, and operating-hour records	meter id; opening reading; closing reading; unit; reference conditions for gas; production line; operating hours; campaign id	Prefer route and line submeters; otherwise allocate a reconciled main-meter balance using documented causal operating data	kWh, MJ, or m3	continuous or shift readings; reconcile monthly	Same period as production output, normally at least 12 representative months	All included site operations and documented auxiliary loads	Net imports minus separately metered exports; convert kWh to MJ; allocate shared consumption by the disclosed driver	Meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; submeter coverage; downtime and missing-data log
cp_water_meter	route_specific_fabrication	process_water_input	water meters, tank levels, make-up logs, and production records	source; meter id; opening and closing readings; tank stock change; recirculation; discharge; campaign id	Measure fresh process-water make-up crossing the boundary and reconcile tank stock changes	kg or m3 with measured density	daily or per batch; reconcile monthly	Same period as production output	Cleaning, rinsing, bath make-up, and direct process cooling included in the route	Fresh input + opening stock - closing stock - documented off-site return; do not count internal recirculation repeatedly	Meter calibration; tank reconciliation; water-source and quality record; density record when converting volume
cp_output_and_waste_mass	route_specific_fabrication	reference_product_output; steel_scrap_output; spent_pickling_liquor_output; zinc_dross_output	finished-goods scales, batch records, waste manifests, tank transfers, and recovery records	product family; grade; geometry; coating; conforming mass; reject mass; scrap mass; liquor mass; dross mass; stock change; destination; campaign id	Weigh conforming output and each segregated waste; meter tank transfers where weighing is impracticable	kg	each batch or shipment; reconcile monthly	Same period as material and energy inputs	All included lines, finishing areas, and waste storage serving the declared product	Sum net conforming product and each named output separately; subtract documented returns and internal rework; normalise inventory to 1 kg conforming output	Calibrated scales or meters; inspection release; waste manifest; stock reconciliation; internal-rework log
cp_direct_emissions	route_specific_fabrication	fossil_co2_output	continuous-emissions, stack-test, or facility emissions records	source id; fuel source; measurement method; concentration or mass rate; flow rate; operating time; campaign id	Use direct monitored or documented facility emissions records for included on-site combustion sources	kg	continuous, test campaign, or reporting period matching production	Same period as fuel and product output	Included on-site combustion units only	Sum source-specific direct fossil CO2 and assign by measured unit throughput or documented causal driver	Instrument calibration; stack-test report; source-to-fuel reconciliation; missing-data treatment

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalisation	every inventory row	Normalised amount = campaign exchange amount / campaign net conforming product mass	exchange amount; net conforming product mass from cp_output_and_waste_mass	exchange per 1 kg reference product
calc_area_conversion	output or sales records measured by area	Product mass = measured product area × lot-specific measured mass per area; the mass-per-area test specimen must match alloy, wire or strand dimensions, aperture, construction, and coating	area; matched mass-per-area measurement	kg conforming product
calc_campaign_mass_reconciliation	steel and zinc-bearing material balance	Reconcile inputs, conforming output, stock changes, internal rework, steel scrap, zinc-bearing wastes, and other separately named outputs; investigate rather than force-close unexplained imbalance	material receipts; output weights; waste weights; stock and rework records	disclosed campaign mass-balance residual

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Preserve the declared product family, alloy, geometry, construction, finish, coating, delivery form, and applicable specification for every aggregated batch.	Product specification, inspection release, batch traveller, and finished-goods record
dq_temporal_alignment	all foreground exchanges	Use the same representative period for inputs, outputs, wastes, and direct emissions; disclose shutdowns, atypical campaigns, and any shorter-than-12-month period.	Meter periods, production calendar, campaign reconciliation, and exception log
dq_completeness	site inventory	Reconcile major steel inputs and outputs and document every omitted, estimated, or unmetered exchange. Add actual route-specific chemicals, coatings, wastes, and emissions as separate atomic rows.	Mass-balance residual, utility reconciliation, waste register, and completeness checklist
dq_upstream_match	purchased product and energy inputs	Select upstream datasets that match material grade or chemical concentration, production geography, delivery state, electricity voltage and grid, gas reference conditions, and transport boundary.	Supplier certificate, invoice, upstream dataset metadata, and matching record
dq_uuid_review	Tiangong-linked flows	Confirm public state code 100, English and Chinese baseNames, flow type, classification, property, unit group, and product state before publication; keep unresolved rows blank rather than substituting proxies.	Direct-read identity audit and unresolved review metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_flow	reference product	Verify that the reported reference output is exactly 1 kg net conforming product and that all required qualifiers are present.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validation_route_consistency	process route and conditional rows	Verify that wire rod, purchased wire, flat steel sheet, drawing lubricant, pickling acid, zinc, process water, natural gas, spent liquor, zinc dross, and direct CO2 are included only when the declared route and site operations make them applicable; zero or omission requires evidence of non-applicability.	usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021; eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022; ppg-expanded-metal-process-2018
validation_mass_balance	material inputs and outputs	Verify campaign-level reconciliation of steel and zinc-bearing inputs, conforming product, stock change, internal rework, scrap, dross, liquor, and separately named outputs; investigate and disclose residuals.
validation_boundary	foreground and upstream datasets	Verify that every site operation and direct exchange is included once, purchased-input production is linked upstream rather than duplicated, and same-category intermediates follow the recursive-input rule.
validation_atomic_flows	inventory completeness	Reject combined utilities, fuels, chemicals, wastes, emissions, or packaging collections; each actual exchange must be one specific flow with its own property, unit, amount rule, and route condition.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset that may be published as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review
downstream_use	Cradle-to-gate process datasets and lifecycle models for declared steel wire mesh, netting, fencing, grill, or expanded-metal products
allowed_use	Products and routes within this PCR when required qualifiers, boundary, temporal coverage, technology, and geography are materially representative
excluded_use	Barbed wire; non-steel mesh; installation services; use or end-of-life; products with undisclosed alloy, geometry, coating, route, or reference mass; substitution across wire-mesh and expanded-metal routes without representativeness review
required_metadata	PCR id; product family; alloy and grade; recycled-content basis; geometry and construction; coating and finish; delivery form; route; starting feedstock state; included operations; site and geography; reference period; allocation method; upstream dataset choices; unresolved or estimated exchanges
required_quality_disclosure	Meter and scale coverage; material-balance residual; submeter allocation; temporal completeness; product-weighting across batches; missing-data treatment; waste and emissions coverage; UUID audit status; deviations from this PCR
update_trigger	Change in product family, alloy, geometry, forming or joining technology, coating route, starting feedstock, recycled-content claim, site energy or water system, allocation driver, waste treatment, geography, or data older than the declared representativeness period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division. CPC Version 3.0 structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-05; cached bytes SHA-256 5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c)	Exact CPC 42943 classification identity and included material/product wording
china-customs-hs-7314-zh-2022	official_guidance	General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China, Announcement No. 32 of 2022, HS heading 7314 terminology, reproduced by the Hong Kong Trade and Industry Department. https://www.tid.gov.hk/en/tradecircular/files/2022/ci2022308a.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05; downloaded bytes SHA-256 e0a578406620d8a3a38027a915627b1140629f8d104a2a6ac1fdf3481970f1e5)	Professional Chinese terminology for steel-wire cloth, netting, fencing, grill, and expanded metal
usitc-standard-steel-welded-wire-mesh-2021	official_guidance	U.S. International Trade Commission. Standard Steel Welded Wire Mesh from Mexico, Publication 5175, April 2021. https://www.usitc.gov/sites/default/files/publications/701_731/pub5175.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Wire-rod drawing or rolling, resistance welding, cutting, coiling, product identity, and wire-route process decomposition
eu-jrc-ferrous-metals-processing-2022	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre. Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Ferrous Metals Processing Industry, JRC131649, 2022, DOI 10.2760/196475. https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/ferrous-metals-processing-industry (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Wire drawing, pretreatment, pickling, galvanising, heat treatment, finishing, and conditional foreground operations
ppg-expanded-metal-process-2018	extension_guidance	PPG Aerospace/Dexmet. Slit and Stretch: How Expanded Metals Are Made, 1 June 2018. https://www.ppg.com/en-US/aerospace/support/articles/slit-and-stretch-how-expanded-metals-are-made (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Expanded-metal sheet input, slit-and-stretch forming, calendering or flattening, cutting, and optional secondary finishing