Universal AC/DC motors of an output exceeding 37.5 W; other AC motors; AC generators (alternators) other than photovoltaic generators

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs factory-gate foreground data packages for complete rotating electrical machines within CPC 3.0 class 46112: universal AC/DC motors with rated output above 37.5 W, other AC motors, and AC generators (alternators) other than photovoltaic generators. Each data package shall represent one actual product configuration and production route; it shall not average motor and generator functions or multiply technology variants by packaging choices.

The record excludes motors of 37.5 W or less, other DC motors and DC generators, photovoltaic generators, generating sets, rotary converters, parts sold separately, installation, use, maintenance, outbound distribution, and end-of-life. Traction-motor and permanent-magnet literature supports process inclusion qualitatively; it does not define a category-wide composition or quantity.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.universal-ac-dc-motors-of-an-output-exceeding-37-5-w-other-ac-motors-ac-generators-alte-7fee7ab8
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 46112
covered_products	Complete universal AC/DC motors above 37.5 W; other complete AC motors; complete non-photovoltaic AC generators/alternators
excluded_products	Small motors at or below 37.5 W; other DC motors and DC generators; photovoltaic generators; generating sets; rotary converters; separately sold parts
representative_product	One declared finished rotating electrical machine configuration belonging to CPC 46112
production_route	Purchased-material/component receipt through component manufacture, assembly, final test, and packaging
market_state	Finished, tested, saleable machine packaged at the manufacturing-site gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Finished rotating electrical machine in one declared CPC 46112 configuration
How much	1 kg net finished product
How well	Meets the manufacturer's declared rating and applicable final-test acceptance criteria
How long or cycle	Production of the reported manufacturing batch or representative reporting period
reference_flow_link	finished_rotating_electrical_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Finished rotating electrical machine
Reference flow property	Mass; 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Function; topology; rated output, voltage, frequency, phase count, pole count or speed, duty, cooling, protection, efficiency, test standard; net product mass; manufacturing geography and period; permanent-magnet and mechanical-commutation presence; packaging state

The required qualifiers shall appear in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent field. The 1 kg reference supports mass-normalized inventory publication; it does not make products with different function, rating, efficiency, duty, or service life functionally equivalent.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
mu_mass_inputs_outputs	Solid/liquid materials, products, packaging, wastes, and mass emissions	Mass	kg	Record calibrated net mass crossing the boundary; exclude tare and reusable internal work-in-process.
mu_electricity	manufacturing_electricity, testing_electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Convert metered kWh using 3.6 MJ/kWh; do not add upstream grid emissions to foreground elementary flows.
mu_gases	natural_gas, industrial_oxygen	Volume	m3	Disclose reference temperature, pressure, and conversion; do not mix standard and operating volumes.
mu_reference_product	finished_rotating_electrical_machine	Mass	kg	Use net mass of accepted finished machines before external transport; report packaging separately.
mu_normalization	Every row	Row property	Row unit per kg product	Aggregate within one period and boundary, then divide by accepted reference-product mass from the same period.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased materials and components as received at the manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate; upstream production is represented by linked background datasets
product_classification_scope	One actual complete machine within CPC 3.0 46112
recursive_input_rule	Record a purchased complete CPC 46112 machine incorporated without transformation as a product input; do not unfold it inside this foreground boundary
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased input and delivered energy carrier to representative supply data; disclose unresolved proxies
disclosure	Declare processes, outsourcing, sites, period, allocation, cut-offs, configuration, test regime, packaging state, and deviations

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_include_factory	Both foreground processes	Include receipt, component manufacture, applicable winding/impregnation, assembly, final testing, and packaging to the site gate.	fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production; iec-60034-1-2026; mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca
sb_background_inputs	Purchased inputs	Keep upstream extraction and manufacture outside foreground but require linked background datasets.	iso-14044-2006
sb_exclude_downstream	Dataset	Exclude installation, use, maintenance, outbound distribution, and end-of-life.	iso-14044-2006
sb_outsourcing	Outsourced in-scope operations	Include through a supplier process dataset or documented service input; do not omit because it occurs off site.	iso-14044-2006

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
component_manufacture_and_assembly	Component manufacture and machine assembly	required	Always; record only operations and conditional exchanges used by the declared route	Transforms purchased inputs into an assembled machine	Accepted assembled-machine mass transferred to final test
final_test_and_packaging	Final testing and packaging	required	Always; packaging rows apply only to materials in the declared gate state	Tests and prepares the accepted reference product	1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine

Process: Component manufacture and machine assembly (component_manufacture_and_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Non-oriented electrical steel sheet (electrical_steel_sheet)

Record purchased electrical steel entering lamination or core manufacture.

• Selected flow: Non-oriented electrical steel sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net measured receipt allocated to accepted product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production; mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Winding conductor (magnet_wire)

Record insulated conductor consumed in stator or rotor winding.

• Selected flow: Magnet wire 2bf8a4db-b29e-404a-ae6c-402adbb77af4
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured issued mass less documented reusable return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issues
• Sources: fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production; mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Aluminium casting-alloy ingot for housing or rotor (aluminium_ingot)

Record the specified casting-alloy ingot only when the route casts aluminium parts on site.

• Selected flow: Aluminium casting-alloy ingot
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured furnace charge allocated to the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issues
• Sources: fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production; mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Shaft steel (carbon_steel_bar)

Record carbon-steel bar consumed in on-site shaft manufacture.

• Selected flow: Carbon Steel b3b18433-8fd1-4298-98f5-8af11eb64762
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured issued mass less documented reusable return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issues
• Sources: mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Rolling bearings (rolling_bearing)

Record purchased rolling bearings installed in accepted machines.

• Selected flow: Ball or roller bearings 9b10184f-db9d-4cc7-94b5-02ab19ca370d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Installed mass plus attributable rejected-bearing mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_installation
• Sources: mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Electrical insulation paper (electrical_insulation_paper)

Record electrical-grade paper or pressboard installed in slots or windings.

• Selected flow: Electrical insulation paper
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured issued mass less clean reusable offcut return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issues
• Sources: fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production

Impregnation resin (epoxy_resin)

Record epoxy only when used for impregnation, potting, bonding, or coating.

• Selected flow: Epoxy resin e2bab6ae-d42f-4fca-bab5-ae9c6692f105
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Mixed resin charged less documented recoverable return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_resin_batch_records
• Sources: fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production; mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Permanent magnet (ndfeb_magnet)

Record installed NdFeB magnets only for a declared permanent-magnet topology.

• Selected flow: NdFeB magnet a598b760-108c-4d70-93f9-59098959141e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Installed mass plus attributable rejected-magnet mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_installation
• Sources: mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca

Carbon brush (carbon_brush)

Record installed carbon brushes only for a machine with mechanical commutation.

• Selected flow: Carbon brush
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Installed mass plus attributable rejected-brush mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_component_installation
• Sources:

Manufacturing electricity (manufacturing_electricity)

Record delivered electricity used by included operations and supporting equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered consumption allocated to included operations and converted using 3.6 MJ/kWh
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meters
• Sources:

Natural gas for on-site thermal operations (natural_gas)

Record gaseous natural gas only when directly consumed by included furnaces, ovens, or heating.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered volume allocated to included operations at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_meters
• Sources:

Oxygen for oxy-fuel operation (industrial_oxygen)

Record oxygen only when an included cutting, welding, or thermal operation consumes it.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or cylinder-inventory consumption at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_meters
• Sources:

Process water for cleaning (process_water)

Record water only when aqueous cleaning or another included wet operation is used.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered use with disclosed volume-to-mass conversion; exclude recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_cleaning_records
• Sources:

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when the route uses an alkaline cleaning bath.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Active NaOH mass from solution mass and verified concentration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_cleaning_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

No waste input crosses this process boundary.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed; site-specific resource withdrawals, if any, shall be separate audited atomic exchanges.

Outputs

Product flows

The assembled machine is an internal transfer to final testing, not a factory-gate product exchange.

Waste flows

Steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Record segregated steel scrap leaving included cutting, stamping, and machining.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap db39c2c0-61a0-4dde-8d68-db5777fe25a8
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed outbound mass net of returned reusable stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_dispatch
• Sources:

Copper scrap (copper_scrap)

Record segregated conductor scrap leaving winding or connection operations.

• Selected flow: Copper Scrap 4fbbb5f1-560a-4052-ba0c-652c5dfc282e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed outbound mass allocated to the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_dispatch
• Sources:

Aluminium scrap (aluminium_scrap)

Record segregated aluminium scrap only when included casting or machining generates it.

• Selected flow: Aluminium Scrap 96c5f842-ea53-419b-b1cd-c02c479efb45
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed outbound mass allocated to the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_dispatch
• Sources:

Cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

Record wastewater sent to treatment only when included aqueous cleaning generates it.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cleaning f0402393-e82c-47e8-9cd8-a486c97f3e89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or mass-balanced discharge excluding recirculated bath volume
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_cleaning_records
• Sources:

Uncured epoxy waste (uncured_epoxy_waste)

Record discarded uncured mixed epoxy only when an applicable resin operation generates it.

• Selected flow: Uncured epoxy resin waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed discarded mixed resin allocated to the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_dispatch
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide (fossil_co2)

Record only direct on-site fossil CO2 from combustion; exclude upstream electricity emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack measurement or documented fuel-carbon balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources:

Non-methane volatile organic compounds (nmvoc_to_air)

Record direct NMVOC only when solvent-bearing resin, coating, or cleaning occurs inside the boundary.

• Selected flow: non-methane volatile organic compounds 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a302-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack/fugitive measurement or solvent balance net of captured transfer
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources:

Process: Final testing and packaging (final_test_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Electricity for final testing (testing_electricity)

Record delivered electricity consumed by final routine or acceptance testing and auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered test-cell electricity, converted using 3.6 MJ/kWh
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_test
• Sources: iec-60034-1-2026

Corrugated board box (corrugated_board_boxes)

Record corrugated boxes used in the declared gate packaging state.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued mass less documented reusable return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_issues
• Sources:

Wooden pallet (wooden_pallet)

Record pallets supplied with the product; exclude returnable pallets that do not leave as packaging.

• Selected flow: Pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood, pallet collars of wood 4b49871e-95be-4e0c-9223-9902f9eaa763
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net issued non-returnable pallet mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_issues
• Sources:

Low-density polyethylene film (pe_ld_film)

Record PE-LD film used to wrap or protect accepted product only when present.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net issued film mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_issues
• Sources:

Waste flows

No waste input crosses this process boundary.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed.

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished rotating electrical machine (finished_rotating_electrical_machine)

Record accepted product crossing the factory gate; one data package covers one declared configuration.

• Selected flow: Finished rotating electrical machine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calibrated net mass of accepted finished machines; reference amount is 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg accepted finished rotating electrical machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_test
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; iec-60034-1-2026

Waste flows

Add rejects and packaging waste as separate atomic rows when they cross the boundary; no umbrella default is permitted.

Elementary flows

No elementary output is prescribed.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_avoid	Shared operations and utilities	Prefer meters, batches, machine time, or direct material tracing that avoids allocation.	iso-14044-2006
al_physical	Unavoidable shared exchanges	Use a documented causal physical driver such as machine time, furnace charge, processed mass, or test time; do not default to revenue.	iso-14044-2006
al_scrap	Recoverable waste outputs	Report waste mass at the boundary without avoided-burden credit; disclose downstream recycling separately.	iso-14044-2006
al_rejects	Rework and rejects	Include attributable burdens in the accepted-product denominator; retain energy and losses from internal rework.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipts	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Electrical steel	Invoice and stock ledger	mass, grade, lot, stocks, returns	Reconcile receipts and inventory	kg	Each lot; monthly close	Continuous 12 months or justified batch	Included sites	Net consumption by direct trace	Invoices, stock reconciliation
cp_material_issues	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Metals, conductor, insulation	Issue and return records	issued/returned mass, grade, order	Direct order trace	kg	Each issue	Output-matched period	Included sites	Net issues by product	ERP, weights, BOM
cp_component_installation	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Bearings, magnets, brushes	BOM and reject records	count, unit mass, rejects	Count times verified mass or weighing	kg	Each order	Output-matched period	Assembly sites	Installed plus rejects	BOM, scale, reject log
cp_resin_batch_records	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Epoxy	Mixing sheets	component mass, returns, discard	Weigh each batch	kg	Each batch	Output-matched period	Resin operations	Net mixed input	Batch sheet, calibration
cp_energy_meters	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Electricity	Meter intervals	meter, time, kWh, driver	Reconcile submeter to site meter	MJ	Continuous	Continuous 12 months or justified batch	Included operations	Convert and allocate physically	Calibration, reconciliation
cp_gas_meters	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Gas and oxygen	Meter/cylinder records	volume, conditions, operation	Meter or inventory difference	m3	Each delivery/interval	Output-matched period	Thermal operations	Normalize conditions and allocate	Certificate, delivery record
cp_water_and_cleaning_records	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Water, NaOH, wastewater	Meter and bath records	water, solution, concentration, discharge	Meter plus bath balance	kg	Each bath; monthly close	Output-matched period	Wet operations	Exclude recirculation	Calibration, tests, discharge record
cp_waste_dispatch	component_manufacture_and_assembly	Wastes	Transfer records	type, net mass, destination, date	Weighed dispatch	kg	Each dispatch	Output-matched period	Included sites	Outbound mass by causal operation	Ticket, transfer note
cp_direct_emissions	component_manufacture_and_assembly	CO2 and NMVOC	Test or balance	concentration, flow, fuel carbon, solvent, capture	Measurement or documented balance	kg	Test/balance period	Output-matched period	Emission points	Direct releases only	Test, fuel, solvent logs
cp_final_test	final_test_and_packaging	Test energy and output	Test record	product, result, kWh, mass, rejects	Link serial/batch to meters/scales	MJ; kg	Each unit/batch	Output-matched period	Test sites	Accepted output plus reject burden	Reports, calibrations
cp_packaging_issues	final_test_and_packaging	Packaging	Issue/return records	type, count, mass, returnability	Direct trace	kg	Each shipment batch	Output-matched period	Packaging sites	Gate-state packaging only	Logs, specifications

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_material	Material inputs	Net consumption = receipts or issues + opening stock - closing stock - reusable returns	Mass and stock records	kg input	iso-14044-2006
calc_normalize	All rows	Normalized amount = allocated period amount / accepted product mass	Row amount; product mass	row unit per kg product	iso-14044-2006
calc_electricity	Electricity	MJ = kWh × 3.6	kWh	MJ
calc_solution_active	sodium_hydroxide	Active mass = solution mass × measured mass fraction	Solution and concentration	kg NaOH
calc_mass_balance	Major materials	Input = incorporation + waste + inventory change + documented emissions/losses; investigate residual	Input/output/stock	Reconciled mass	iso-14044-2006
calc_direct_co2	fossil_co2	Measurement, or fuel × carbon content × oxidation × 44/12	Fuel/carbon data	kg fossil CO2

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_temporal	Foreground rows	Use one consistent period, normally 12 continuous months; justify shorter campaigns and exclusions.	Dated records and reconciliation
dq_technology	Dataset	Match topology, rating, process route, controls, and test regime; do not generalize traction-specific evidence.	Specification and routing
dq_geography	Foreground/background	Identify sites and choose upstream data matching supplier geography and technology.	Site list and selection log
dq_completeness	Exchanges	Reconcile inputs, output, wastes, and stocks; document every cut-off.	Mass/energy balance and cut-off log
dq_units	Measurements	Retain raw units, factors, gas conditions, concentration, and calibration status.	Raw export and certificates
dq_uuid	Linked flows	Preserve audited identity, type, property, unit group, and state; keep six gaps unresolved until audited.	Search receipts and direct reads

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_identity	Product identity	Product is one complete CPC 46112 machine and not an excluded product or part.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
val_reference	Reference flow	Reference output is 1 kg accepted product and all required qualifiers are disclosed.	iec-60034-1-2026
val_processes	Process map	Both processes exist; conditional rows are included when applicable or evidenced not applicable.
val_atomicity	Inventory	Every row is one atomic exchange; no umbrella utility, packaging, waste, or emission row is used.
val_units	Inventory	UUID-bearing rows use audited property/unit group; electricity is MJ, gases m3, mass rows kg.
val_balance	Inventory	Product and material records reconcile within disclosed tolerance; residuals are investigated.	iso-14044-2006
val_direct_emissions	Elementary outputs	Foreground CO2 and NMVOC are direct releases and do not duplicate upstream emissions.
val_allocation	Shared operations	Shared-operation allocation uses a documented causal physical driver.	iso-14044-2006
val_ranges	External ranges	Publish no external range without two independent original, boundary-compatible sources.
val_uuid_gaps	UUID-empty rows	Keep six UUID-empty rows unresolved; do not fill with unaudited proxies.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground inventory rule for one declared CPC 46112 machine
downstream_use	TianGong flow, process, and lifecycle-model construction and review
allowed_use	Mass-normalized inventory and comparisons only after separate functional-equivalence review
excluded_use	Unqualified comparisons across function, rating, duty, efficiency, life, or technology; downstream claims
required_metadata	Qualifiers, specification, sites/period, process coverage, outsourcing, allocation, cut-offs, background choices, UUID status
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data coverage, calibration, balance residuals, allocation, gaps, proxies, uncertainty, and no external ranges
update_trigger	Change in topology, rating, manufacturing route, site, energy, controls, testing, packaging, or UUID/range evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division. CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	CPC 46112 identity and adjacent exclusions
iec-60034-1-2026	standard	IEC 60034-1:2026, Rotating electrical machines — Part 1: Rating and performance. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/89961	Rating qualifiers and final testing
fleischer-et-al-2025-electric-mobility-production	literature	Fleischer et al. (2025), Production technologies and systems for electric mobility, CIRP Annals 74, 1047–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2025.05.001	Qualitative motor manufacturing sequence
mahmouditabar-et-al-2025-ipm-lca	literature	Mahmouditabar et al. (2025), Multi-Physics LCA-Based Design Optimization of an Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for EVs, Energies 18, 6167. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236167	Qualitative component identities
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. https://committee.iso.org/standard/38498.html	LCA scope, inventory, reporting, consistency, and review framework