Portable electric lamps, lighting fittings, non-electrical lamps, and illuminated signs

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground factory-gate data production for complete lighting or illuminated-identification products within the semantic boundary stated below. It covers product-specific material and component receipt, optional on-site surface finishing, assembly, final testing, packing, and release at the manufacturing gate. The product instance must be declared; this PCR does not treat the listed product forms as interchangeable.

Use-stage electricity or fuel, installation, maintenance, distribution after the factory gate, and end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary. Upstream production of purchased materials, components, electricity, fuels, water, and packaging remains connected through supplier or background datasets. Manufacture of separate lamps or light sources, Christmas-tree lighting sets, LED-only luminaires classified separately, public-space or thoroughfare lighting fittings, vehicle or cycle lamps, and separately traded parts are excluded.

The representative route is assembly and factory testing of one finished electric luminaire from purchased mechanical, optical, and electrical components. Surface finishing, a primary battery, a non-electrical fuel reservoir and wick, and an illuminated-sign face panel are conditional elements. This common route avoids enumerating every product-form and material combination.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.portable-electric-lamps-designed-to-function-by-their-own-source-of-energy-except-those-8a00f87c
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46531
covered_products	Self-powered portable electric lamps other than cycle or motor-vehicle lamps; ceiling or wall electric lighting fittings other than fittings for public open spaces or thoroughfares; electric table, desk, bedside, and floor-standing lamps; non-electrical lamps and lighting fittings; illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates, and like finished goods.
excluded_products	Cycle and motor-vehicle lamps; public-space or thoroughfare lighting fittings; Christmas-tree lighting sets; luminaires designed solely for LED light sources when classified separately; separately traded lamps/light sources; and separately traded parts.
representative_product	One complete electric indoor luminaire assembled from a mechanical chassis, optical component, wiring, control gear, and declared light-source module, factory-tested and packed for sale.
production_route	Purchased-component receipt; conditional chassis surface finishing; mechanical/electrical or fuel-system assembly; performance and safety testing; packing; factory-gate release.
market_state	Complete finished and packed product at the manufacturer's gate, with the light source, control gear, battery, fuel reservoir, wick, mounting hardware, and sign panel included or excluded exactly as sold and declared.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply a declared complete finished lighting or illuminated-identification product ready for its intended operation.
How much	1 kg of finished product.
How well	Conforms to the declared product subtype, outgoing luminous flux or illuminated visual area, rated electrical or fuel-system characteristics, included components, safety/performance test criteria, and packaging state.
How long or cycle	One factory production cycle to the manufacturing gate; assigned service life and replaceable-component assumptions must be declared for any downstream functional comparison.
reference_flow_link	Exactly 1 kg of accepted packed finished-product output from final_testing_and_packaging; item count and packaging mass are mandatory qualifiers.

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Finished packaged lighting or illuminated-identification product within this PCR scope
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product subtype; electric or non-electrical design; mounting or portability form; model and bill-of-material revision; outgoing luminous flux or illuminated visual area; rated power, voltage and frequency where applicable; light-source technology and whether included/replaceable; control-gear inclusion; battery chemistry, capacity and inclusion where applicable; fuel type and reservoir capacity where applicable; assigned service life; product net mass; packed gross mass; production site and period; packaging configuration

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

The mass-based reference amount is a factory-production accounting basis, not a claim of functional equivalence across product subtypes. Comparative lighting studies must normalize products to compatible light output, service life, operating pattern, and delivered function.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
mu_reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize to 1 kg of accepted complete product in the declared sale configuration. Record item count, net product mass, and packed gross mass for each model or production-weighted model group.
mu_mass_bom	material, component, intermediate, and waste rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert piece counts to dry as-supplied mass from verified component weights; preserve measured moisture or coating-solids basis where it changes mass balance.
mu_electricity	electricity rows	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electrical energy and convert from kWh using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; disclose voltage level, grid geography, and allocation method.
mu_gas_volume	natural-gas row	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State the temperature, pressure, wet/dry basis, and supplier conversion used for metered gas volume; do not combine natural gas with other fuels.
mu_water_mass	process-water row	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert a volume meter to mass only with a documented density and the same temporal aggregation as the finishing batch.
mu_internal_transfer	foreground intermediates	Mass	kg	The output mass of each internal intermediate must equal the quantity transferred to the next process plus separately recorded loss, inventory change, or rework.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased chassis, optical, electrical, fuel-system, sign-panel, finishing, utility, and packaging inputs are received at the reporting facility in the actual as-supplied state used for the declared product.
starting_condition_role	The foreground begins at receipt of purchased inputs and covers only transformations, assembly, tests, packing, and losses controlled by the reporting manufacturer.
product_classification_scope	One declared finished product instance within the semantic scope of this PCR; adjacent CPC lighting products and separately traded parts remain outside.
recursive_input_rule	If a complete product within this same PCR category is purchased and incorporated, record it once as a distinct product input with an upstream dataset and do not recursively expand its manufacture inside this foreground dataset.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased material, component, energy carrier, water flow, and packaging item crossing the boundary requires an upstream dataset matching substance or product identity, geography, technology, and delivery state.
disclosure	Declare outsourced versus on-site operations, included components, coating route, test procedures, rejected-product handling, packaging state, cut-offs, data gaps, and any process shared with other products.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_gate_boundary	all foreground processes	Include receipt-to-factory-gate activities controlled by the manufacturer: applicable finishing, assembly, factory tests, packing, rework, rejects, and on-site waste generation. Exclude installation, downstream distribution, use, maintenance, and end-of-life.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012
sb_component_completeness	product bill of materials	Include every component delivered with the product or needed for the declared sale configuration, and state explicitly whether the light source, control gear, battery, mounting parts, fuel reservoir, wick, or sign panel is supplied.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-luminaires-definition
sb_upstream_connection	purchased inputs	Model upstream raw-material, component, energy, water, and packaging production in linked background datasets; do not count those upstream processes again as foreground manufacturing.	us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012
sb_variant_condition	conditional routes	Instantiate only the rows and processes physically present for the declared product. Mark demonstrably absent conditional rows not_applicable; never substitute another material, battery chemistry, fuel, or component.	un-cpc-3-structure-2025

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
surface_finishing	Chassis pretreatment and powder coating	conditional	Include when metal chassis pretreatment or powder coating is performed under the reporting facility's control.	foreground finishing	kg coated chassis transferred to assembly
product_assembly	Mechanical, optical, electrical, fuel-system, or sign assembly	required	Include the actual assembly operations and only the subtype-specific component rows present in the declared product.	foreground assembly	accepted unpacked assemblies
final_testing_and_packaging	Final test, packing, and factory-gate release	required	Include acceptance tests, rework/reject disposition, primary sales packaging, and release for every declared product.	foreground testing and packing	1 kg accepted packed finished product

Process: Chassis pretreatment and powder coating (surface_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Uncoated metal chassis (uncoated_metal_chassis)

Record the one product-specific metal chassis entering on-site pretreatment or coating.

• Selected flow: Uncoated metal lighting-product chassis
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or BOM-derived mass entering the finishing line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_materials
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023

Thermoset powder coating (powder_coating_material)

Record the specific powder coating formulation consumed; do not combine it with liquid paint or pretreatment chemicals.

• Selected flow: Thermoset polyester powder coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Opening stock plus receipts minus closing stock and separately recovered powder
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_materials
• Sources:

Alkaline pretreatment chemical (finish_sodium_hydroxide)

Include only when sodium hydroxide is actually added to the metal-pretreatment bath.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: As-supplied sodium hydroxide product mass issued to the finishing line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_materials
• Sources:

Finishing water (finish_process_water)

Record process water supplied to pretreatment, rinsing, or booth cleaning within this process.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or tank-balance water entering the finishing process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_materials
• Sources:

Finishing electricity (finish_electricity)

Record electricity supplied to pretreatment pumps, ventilation, powder application, and curing equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment-runtime allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_energy
• Sources:

Curing natural gas (finish_natural_gas)

Include only when gaseous natural gas is burned in an on-site curing oven.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Metered gas allocated to the declared finishing batches
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_energy
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Coated chassis (coated_chassis)

Record the one product-specific coated chassis transferred to assembly.

• Selected flow: Powder-coated metal lighting-product chassis
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted coated chassis mass transferred to product_assembly
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_outputs
• Sources:

Waste flows

Pretreatment wastewater (pretreatment_wastewater)

Record the aqueous metal-pretreatment effluent transferred to the actual on-site or off-site treatment route.

• Selected flow: Metal-pretreatment wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge or tank balance, excluding clean stormwater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_outputs
• Sources:

Spent coating powder (spent_coating_powder)

Record unrecovered thermoset powder-coating waste leaving the process.

• Selected flow: Spent thermoset polyester powder coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed collected powder sent to its documented waste route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_outputs
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from curing (finish_fossil_co2)

Include direct fossil carbon dioxide only for on-site natural-gas combustion; upstream grid emissions are excluded from this row.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate from allocated gas quantity, supplier carbon factor, and documented oxidation factor using calc_fossil_co2
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_finish_energy
• Sources:

Process: Mechanical, optical, electrical, fuel-system, or sign assembly (product_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Uncoated chassis entering assembly (uncoated_chassis_for_assembly)

Use this row when the declared product is assembled without the on-site finishing process.

• Selected flow: Uncoated metal lighting-product chassis ready for assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or BOM-derived mass issued to assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023

Coated chassis entering assembly (coated_chassis_for_assembly)

Use this row only when surface_finishing produces the coated chassis.

• Selected flow: Powder-coated metal lighting-product chassis ready for assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Mass transferred from coated_chassis
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources:

Glass optical component (glass_optical_component)

Include the product-specific glass lens, diffuser, shade, or chimney when supplied with the declared product.

• Selected flow: Formed soda-lime glass optical component
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured component mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: us-doe-luminaires-definition, us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

Polycarbonate optical component (polycarbonate_optical_component)

Include the one polycarbonate lens or diffuser actually supplied; do not combine it with other polymers.

• Selected flow: Injection-moulded polycarbonate optical component
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured component mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: us-doe-luminaires-definition

Steel mounting component (steel_mounting_component)

Include the steel bracket or mounting plate delivered with the declared finished product.

• Selected flow: Zinc-coated steel mounting bracket
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured component mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: us-doe-luminaires-definition

Copper wire (copper_wire)

Include insulated copper wire cut and installed in an electric product.

• Selected flow: PVC-insulated copper wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued length multiplied by verified mass per metre, net of recorded offcuts
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: us-doe-luminaires-definition

LED module (led_module)

Include only when an LED module is delivered as part of the declared product.

• Selected flow: LED module
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured module mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

Electronic control gear (electronic_control_gear)

Include the specific driver, ballast, or control gear supplied with the product.

• Selected flow: Electronic luminaire control gear
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured control-gear mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-luminaires-definition

Primary battery (primary_battery)

Include one declared battery chemistry only when the portable electric lamp is sold with that battery.

• Selected flow: Alkaline manganese primary battery
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplied battery count multiplied by measured as-sold battery mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources:

Fuel reservoir (fuel_reservoir)

Include the reservoir when a non-electrical lamp is sold with a liquid-fuel container.

• Selected flow: Steel liquid-fuel lamp reservoir
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured empty reservoir mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources:

Lamp wick (wick)

Include the wick only when supplied with the non-electrical lamp.

• Selected flow: Braided cotton lamp wick
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplied wick count or length multiplied by verified mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources:

Illuminated-sign face panel (illuminated_sign_face_panel)

Include the one product-specific sign or name-plate face panel supplied with an illuminated-sign product.

• Selected flow: Printed acrylic illuminated-sign face panel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified BOM quantity multiplied by measured panel mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources:

Epoxy adhesive (epoxy_adhesive)

Record the as-supplied two-part epoxy adhesive consumed in assembly.

• Selected flow: Two-part epoxy adhesive
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Opening stock plus receipts minus closing stock and separately weighed uncured waste
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

Lead-free solder paste (solder_paste)

Include only when soldering is performed under foreground control.

• Selected flow: Tin-silver-copper lead-free solder paste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued paste mass minus returned usable paste, allocated to accepted assemblies
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_bom
• Sources: us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

Assembly electricity (assembly_electricity)

Record electricity for assembly tools, soldering, local extraction, and assembly-line support equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented runtime allocation to the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_energy
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Assembled unpacked product (assembled_unpacked_product)

Record each accepted assembled product transferred to final test before sales packaging.

• Selected flow: Assembled unpacked lighting product
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted assembly count multiplied by measured unpacked product mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_outputs
• Sources:

Waste flows

Solder dross (solder_dross)

Record oxidized lead-free solder dross leaving the soldering operation.

• Selected flow: Tin-silver-copper solder dross
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dross transferred to the documented recycling or treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_outputs
• Sources:

Rejected electronic assembly (rejected_electronic_assembly)

Record a failed populated electronic lighting assembly only when it leaves foreground control as waste.

• Selected flow: Rejected populated luminaire electronic assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed rejected electronic assemblies sent to the documented treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly_outputs
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Final test, packing, and factory-gate release (final_testing_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Assembled product entering test (assembled_product_for_test)

Record the unpacked assembled product received from product_assembly.

• Selected flow: Assembled unpacked lighting product entering final test
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Mass transferred from assembled_unpacked_product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_pack_inputs
• Sources:

Testing electricity (testing_electricity)

Record electricity used for burn-in, electrical safety, photometric, sign illumination, and packing equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered test and packing electricity or documented test-power × duration allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_energy
• Sources:

Corrugated carton (corrugated_board_carton)

Include the corrugated fibreboard carton delivered with the product.

• Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard shipping carton
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Carton count multiplied by verified dry carton mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_pack_inputs
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

Polyethylene film bag (polyethylene_film_bag)

Include the one low-density polyethylene film bag supplied as primary protective packaging.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene protective film bag
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Bag count multiplied by verified film-bag mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_pack_inputs
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Finished lighting product (finished_lighting_product)

This is the declared reference-product output after acceptance testing and packing.

• Selected flow: Finished packaged lighting or illuminated-identification product within this PCR scope
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg of accepted finished product; record corresponding item count and packaging mass
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_outputs
• Sources: un-cpc-3-structure-2025

Waste flows

Rejected finished product (rejected_finished_product)

Record a failed complete lighting product only when it leaves foreground control as waste rather than being reworked.

• Selected flow: Rejected finished lighting product
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed failed finished products sent to the documented treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_outputs
• Sources:

Corrugated carton scrap (corrugated_board_scrap)

Record corrugated fibreboard offcuts or damaged cartons leaving packing as waste.

• Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard carton scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed carton scrap sent to the documented treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_outputs
• Sources:

Polyethylene film scrap (polyethylene_film_scrap)

Record low-density polyethylene film offcuts or rejected bags leaving packing as waste.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene packaging film scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed film scrap sent to the documented treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg finished packaged lighting product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_outputs
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_subdivide	shared manufacturing lines	Prefer subdivision, submetering, job records, or equipment-runtime records before allocation.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023
al_physical	residual shared inputs and outputs	Allocate unresolved shared foreground quantities by a documented physical driver that causes the burden, such as machine time, coated surface area, test duration, or mass throughput.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023
al_mass_fallback	co-products without a better causal driver	Apply output-mass allocation only when subdivision and a more specific physical relationship are not feasible; disclose all allocated products and the factor.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023
al_scrap	production scrap and recovered material	Record scrap mass and its actual treatment or recycling input without avoided-burden credit inside the foreground gate; any substitution credit belongs to a separately declared downstream model.	us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012
al_rework	reworked units	Keep rework materials and energy in the foreground numerator and count only the finally accepted item in the reference output.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_finish_materials	surface_finishing	chassis, coating, sodium hydroxide, and water inputs	purchase, issue, stock, BOM, scale, and meter records	material identity; lot; opening stock; receipts; issues; returns; closing stock; chassis count and mass; water meter	reconcile stock balance to finishing batches and verified BOM	kg	each batch; monthly reconciliation	representative continuous 12 months or declared campaign	all finishing lines serving declared product	net consumed quantity divided by kg of accepted reference product	calibrated scale/meter records; stock reconciliation; batch traveller
cp_finish_energy	surface_finishing	electricity and natural gas inputs and direct combustion CO2	utility submeters, invoices, runtime logs, and supplier fuel data	meter start/end; kWh; m3; reference conditions; equipment runtime; product throughput; carbon factor; oxidation factor	submeter or allocate by documented equipment runtime and throughput	MJ; m3; kg	each batch or monthly meter period	same period as production denominator	all finishing utilities and curing equipment	allocated utility divided by kg of accepted reference product; calculate direct CO2 separately	meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; supplier fuel specification
cp_finish_outputs	surface_finishing	coated chassis and finishing wastes	transfer count, scale, effluent meter, tank, and waste manifest records	accepted chassis count and mass; effluent mass or volume; powder waste mass; destination	reconcile output, inventory change, and waste to input material balance	kg	each batch and each waste shipment	same period as finishing inputs	all finishing outputs under site control	total output or waste divided by kg of accepted reference product	transfer tickets; scale checks; discharge meter; waste manifests
cp_assembly_bom	product_assembly	product-specific assembly inputs	controlled BOM, issue/return, component count, mass and length records	model; BOM revision; component identity; quantity; unit mass; wire length and mass per metre; opening/closing consumable stock	verify BOM against as-built sample and reconcile issued consumables	kg	each model revision; each production batch	representative 12 months or declared campaign	all assembly lines serving declared product	net component or consumable mass divided by kg of accepted reference product	approved BOM; change control; calibrated component weights; stock reconciliation
cp_assembly_energy	product_assembly	assembly electricity	submeter and equipment-runtime records	kWh; meter period; equipment power; runtime; line throughput	submeter or allocate by documented runtime	MJ	batch or monthly	same period as assembly output	all assembly equipment and local extraction	allocated electricity divided by accepted assemblies	meter calibration; runtime log; invoice reconciliation
cp_assembly_outputs	product_assembly	accepted assemblies and assembly wastes	production count, mass, reject and waste records	accepted count; unpacked mass; solder dross mass; rejected assembly mass; disposition	reconcile transfers, rework, rejects, and waste to issued inputs	kg	each batch and each waste shipment	same period as assembly inputs	all assembly outputs under site control	output or waste divided by kg of accepted reference product	batch traveller; calibrated scale; reject log; waste manifest
cp_test_pack_inputs	final_testing_and_packaging	assembled product and packaging inputs	transfer count, packaging BOM, issue and component-weight records	assembly count/mass; carton count/mass; bag count/mass; packaging revision	reconcile issued packaging to packed output and packaging scrap	kg	each batch	representative 12 months or declared campaign	all final-test and packing lines	net input divided by kg of accepted packed product	packing BOM; component weight checks; issue/return records
cp_test_energy	final_testing_and_packaging	testing and packing electricity	test logs, submeter and equipment power-time records	kWh; test type; power; duration; tested units; packing runtime	submeter or calculate power × time and reconcile to the meter	MJ	each test batch or monthly	same period as accepted packed output	all test rigs and packing equipment	allocated electricity divided by kg of accepted packed product	test-system calibration; meter record; test log
cp_final_outputs	final_testing_and_packaging	accepted reference product and final wastes	acceptance, packing, scale, reject and waste records	accepted item count; net and gross mass; failed count/mass; rework; carton scrap; film scrap; destination	count accepted products and weigh each segregated waste stream	item; kg	each batch and each waste shipment	representative 12 months or declared campaign	all factory-gate outputs for declared product	exactly 1 kg accepted product as reference; each waste divided by accepted product mass	acceptance report; scale calibration; reject disposition; waste manifest

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_bom_mass	counted components	component mass per kg reference product = net component count × verified unit mass ÷ accepted finished-product mass in kg	BOM quantity; unit mass; accepted finished-product mass	kg component per kg reference product
calc_stock_consumption	coating, adhesive, and solder	consumed mass = opening stock + receipts − returns − closing stock − separately recovered reusable material	stock and issue records	kg consumed per kg reference product
calc_energy_allocation	shared equipment energy	allocated energy = metered period energy × declared causal allocation factor ÷ accepted finished-product mass in kg	meter reading; runtime or throughput driver; accepted finished-product mass	MJ per kg reference product	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023
calc_fossil_co2	on-site natural-gas combustion	direct fossil CO2 = allocated gas quantity × documented supplier carbon factor × oxidation factor; preserve factor units and reference conditions	gas volume; carbon factor; oxidation factor	kg fossil CO2 per kg reference product
calc_transfer_balance	internal intermediates	prior-process accepted output = next-process input + separately recorded inventory change + rework + loss	transfer and inventory records	reconciled kg internal intermediate
calc_final_yield	final product and rejects	first-pass and final yield must be calculated from tested, reworked, rejected, and accepted unit counts; the reference output remains one finally accepted item	test and disposition counts	item yield disclosure and kg reject per accepted item

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	declared product	Freeze the model/BOM/packaging revision and all required qualifiers for the reporting period; aggregate models only with a disclosed production-weighting method.	approved specifications, BOM, model list, and production volumes
dq_completeness	inventory	Reconcile every purchased component and consumable in the sale configuration, each energy meter, each internal transfer, and each segregated output; explain zero, excluded, and unavailable rows.	mass/energy reconciliation and completeness checklist
dq_measurement	measured quantities	Use calibrated meters and scales or document equipment-runtime estimates and their uncertainty when direct measurement is unavailable.	calibration certificates, meter logs, and estimation records
dq_temporal	foreground data	Use a continuous representative 12-month period when available; otherwise disclose the campaign dates, seasonality, downtime, and extrapolation.	dated production, utility, and waste records
dq_supplier_match	upstream datasets	Match purchased flows to actual material, component, chemistry, geography, technology, and delivery state; disclose every proxy.	supplier specifications and dataset mapping review
dq_conditional_routes	category variants	Demonstrate why each conditional process or row is present or absent for the declared product; do not average incompatible electric, battery, fuel, sign, or optical configurations.	route declaration and signed BOM review
dq_uuid_status	Tiangong identities	Preserve UUID-empty rows as unresolved until a public state-100 identity is audited; do not promote a parts flow or technology-specific component as the finished reference product.	manifest unresolved list and finalized UUID-search receipt

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
vr_reference	reference flow	Verify exactly 1 kg of accepted finished product, matching model/BOM/packaging revision, is the quantitative reference and that item count and packaging mass are declared.	un-cpc-3-structure-2025
vr_scope	product identity	Confirm the declared product is within the covered product list and is not a vehicle/cycle lamp, public-space/thoroughfare fitting, separate light source, Christmas-tree set, separately classified LED-only luminaire, or part.	un-cpc-3-structure-2025
vr_component_set	sale configuration	Confirm included light source, control gear, battery, mounting parts, fuel reservoir, wick, sign panel, and packaging match the product actually sold.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-luminaires-definition
vr_atomic_flows	process inventory	Reject any row that combines materials, utilities, fuels, packaging, wastes, or emissions; every selected flow must denote one atomic exchange.
vr_balance	foreground processes	Reconcile material inputs, internal transfers, product, rework, inventory change, and segregated wastes; investigate unexplained imbalance before publication.
vr_energy	electricity and natural gas	Check meter period, production denominator, unit conversion, grid geography, gas reference conditions, and allocation driver.
vr_conditional	conditional processes and rows	Require an explicit applicability result for finishing, LED module, control gear, battery, fuel reservoir, wick, sign panel, and each packaging component.
vr_comparability	downstream use	Reject comparative claims based only on mass; require compatible light output or illuminated function, lifetime, operating pattern, product state, and system boundary.	pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023, us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; may be used as background_dataset only for the declared product configuration and geography
downstream_use	Foreground product-footprint construction and downstream process or lifecyclemodel projections for a matching finished lighting or illuminated-identification product
allowed_use	Factory-gate modelling when product subtype, BOM, included components, performance qualifiers, mass, packaging, technology, geography, and period match the intended use
excluded_use	Functional comparison across unlike product subtypes; unqualified substitution for separate light sources, parts, LED-only luminaires classified elsewhere, public-space lighting, vehicle/cycle lamps, use-stage electricity/fuel, installation, maintenance, or end-of-life
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; model/BOM/packaging revisions; all reference-flow qualifiers; production site and period; foreground boundary; conditional-route decisions; allocation; accepted item count; net/gross mass; data-source mapping; unresolved UUIDs and ranges
required_quality_disclosure	meter and scale coverage; temporal and site representativeness; mass/energy reconciliation; supplier-data quality; proxies; cut-offs; rework and reject treatment; background-dataset versions; uncertainty and data gaps
update_trigger	Change in product subtype, BOM, light source/control gear/battery/fuel system, sign panel, finishing route, packaging, site, energy supply, allocation, service-life declaration, or a cumulative production mix change that makes the dataset unrepresentative

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Official CPC 46531 identity, inclusions, exclusions, and distinction from adjacent lighting products.
pep-ecopassport-psr-0014-2023	standard	PEP ecopassport, PSR-0014-ed2-EN-2023 07 13, Product Specific Rules for Luminaires. https://register.pep-ecopassport.org/documents (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Grid-connected luminaire subset definition; reference-flow qualifiers; component completeness; manufacturing-stage boundary; co-product allocation.
us-doe-led-lca-part2-2012	official_guidance	U.S. Department of Energy, Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy and Environmental Impacts of LED Lighting Products, Part 2: LED Manufacturing and Performance, PNNL-21443, June 2012. https://www.energy.gov/documents/2012ledlca-pt2pdf-0 (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Lamp manufacturing boundary, raw materials and components, assembly/manufacturing energy, packaging, and performance normalization context.
us-doe-luminaires-definition	official_guidance	U.S. Department of Energy, Luminaires. https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/luminaires (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Functional definition and mechanical, optical, electrical, and electronic luminaire component types.