Parts of electric filament or discharge lamps; parts of arc lamps

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to separately supplied parts identifiable as intended solely or principally for electric filament lamps, discharge lamps, or arc lamps. Covered part families include lamp bases, tungsten filaments cut and ready for mounting, metal electrodes, non-insulating glass parts intended for mounting in lamps or tubes, and filament-supporting brackets. The foreground data package represents manufacture of one declared part family in its market-ready state at the factory gate.

Complete lamps and tubes, luminaires or lighting fittings, parts of portable self-powered lamps, LED light sources and their dedicated parts, generic material stock not yet identifiable as a lamp part, glass or ceramic electrical insulators classified elsewhere, and carbon electrodes or lamp carbons classified as electrical carbon articles are excluded. Apparatus that merely incorporates a lamp is also excluded. The product drawing, part family, material composition, lamp compatibility, finished state, and production technology shall be declared so this heterogeneous category is not modelled as an unspecified average.

The boundary begins with receipt of specified materials, bought-in components, energy, water, and process chemicals. It includes the route-applicable forming, drawing, coiling, cutting, stamping, joining, heat treatment, cleaning, surface treatment, inspection, handling, and packaging performed by the reporting facility. Upstream production of purchased inputs is represented by compatible supplier or background datasets; use of the part in a complete lamp and end-of-life are outside this cradle-to-gate foreground boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.parts-of-electric-filament-or-discharge-lamps-parts-of-arc-lamps
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46541 (exact classification context)
covered_products	Separately supplied identifiable lamp bases; mounting-ready tungsten filaments; metal discharge-lamp electrodes; non-insulating glass parts for lamps or tubes; filament-supporting brackets
excluded_products	Complete lamps or tubes; luminaires and lighting fittings; portable self-powered lamp parts; LED parts; generic material stock; separately classified insulating parts; carbon electrodes and lamp carbons
representative_product	One declared market-ready part for an electric filament lamp, discharge lamp, or arc lamp
production_route	Product-specific conversion of declared glass or metal stock through route-applicable forming, cleaning, heat treatment, finishing, inspection, and packing
market_state	Conforming finished part at the factory gate, packed when packing is part of the sale specification

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	An identifiable, conforming part ready for mounting into the declared electric filament lamp, discharge lamp, or arc lamp
How much	1 kg net mass of market-ready part, excluding reusable transport packaging
How well	Meets the declared material, dimensional, electrical, mechanical, surface, cleanliness, and lamp-interface acceptance criteria
How long or cycle	One production lot delivered at the factory gate; no service duration is assigned to the part itself
reference_flow_link	1 kg of the declared CPC 46541 part at the specified finished state and quality

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Parts of electric filament or discharge lamps, parts of arc lamps 8234a28a-728c-4755-a4ed-834ace7ddfd8
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	part family; material and grade or composition; drawing or part number; dimensions and net mass per item when sold by count; finished or semi-finished state; compatible lamp technology; applicable electrical, thermal, mechanical and cleanliness specifications; surface finish or coating; manufacturing technology; production geography; reference year; recycled-content claim; packing configuration

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	Reference product and mass-based inventory exchanges	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground amounts to 1 kg net mass of conforming reference product. State whether sale packaging is included in inventory, but never include it in the reference-product mass.
count_to_mass	Production and sales records expressed as item count	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert counts using the measured lot-average net mass per conforming part; retain sample size, weighing method, and lot identifier.
gas_reference_conditions	Natural gas and industrial oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Declare temperature, pressure, dry or wet basis, and meter correction used for each reported gas volume; do not combine gases.
electricity_energy_conversion	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity separately and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Declare voltage level, grid or supplier mix, and whether transformer and distribution losses are inside the purchased-electricity dataset.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
part_identity_boundary	Product eligibility	Include only separately supplied parts identifiable as parts of electric filament, discharge, or arc lamps; exclude complete lamps, lighting apparatus, and separately classified generic or insulating articles.	eu-cn-explanatory-notes-2000-8539; unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
foreground_operation_boundary	Foreground manufacturing	Include every route-applicable operation under the reporting facility's control from receipt of specified inputs through forming or assembly, cleaning, heat treatment, finishing, inspection, and market packing.	us-epa-mercury-study-volume-2-1997; imerc-mercury-use-in-lighting-2008
purchased_input_boundary	Purchased materials, energy, chemicals, components, and packaging	Record each purchased input as one atomic product exchange and link it to a geography-, technology-, product-state-, and reference-year-compatible upstream dataset.
direct_release_boundary	Wastes and elementary emissions	Record each waste stream leaving the facility and each direct elementary release separately. Internal recycling is not an output until material crosses the foreground boundary.
capital_goods_boundary	Buildings, machinery, tooling, and infrastructure	Exclude capital goods by default; disclose and justify any inclusion required by the study goal or governing programme.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Receipt at the manufacturing facility of the specified glass or metal stock, bought-in components, energy, water, chemicals, and packaging used for the declared part
starting_condition_role	purchased_material_and_component_gate
product_classification_scope	Parts identifiable as belonging to CPC 3.0 subclass 46541, independent of the classification assigned to their constituent materials
recursive_input_rule	If a purchased input is itself a CPC 46541 lamp part, record it as a separate product input with its declared part family and upstream dataset; do not fold it into the reference product or recursively reapply the same foreground operations
upstream_dataset_requirement	Each purchased input requires a compatible upstream dataset with disclosed product state, geography, technology, reference year, and allocation or recycled-content treatment
disclosure	Declare the part family, bill of materials, process route, outsourced steps, internal recycling loops, direct releases, packaging, cut-offs, and all deviations from this boundary

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
lamp_part_manufacturing	Lamp-part manufacturing, inspection, and market preparation	required	Apply the atomic rows that correspond to the declared part material and technology; mark a conditional row not applicable only with product or process evidence	foreground production	1 kg net mass of conforming market-ready part

Process: Lamp-part manufacturing, inspection, and market preparation (lamp_part_manufacturing)

Inputs

Product flows

Borosilicate glass stock (borosilicate_glass)

Record borosilicate glass consumed when the declared product is a borosilicate glass part or incorporates such glass. Other glass compositions require their own atomic flow rather than substitution under this row.

• Selected flow: Borosilicate glass 05342b0b-c850-45a8-b6dd-1b735e40262a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net purchased mass consumed, adjusted for opening and closing stock and internal returns; set not applicable for products without borosilicate glass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Tungsten wire stock (tungsten_wire)

Record the declared tungsten wire consumed to form mounting-ready filaments or tungsten electrodes. The flow UUID remains unresolved; do not use an ore, rod, molybdenum, or titanium proxy.

• Selected flow: Tungsten wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net purchased tungsten-wire mass consumed, adjusted for inventory change and verified internal returns; set not applicable when the declared part contains no tungsten wire
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Aluminium sheet stock (aluminium_sheet)

Record aluminium sheet consumed for lamp bases, contacts, brackets, or other declared aluminium parts. Declare alloy, temper, thickness, and recycled-content basis.

• Selected flow: aluminium sheet 4f197be4-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net purchased aluminium-sheet mass consumed, adjusted for inventory change and internal returns; set not applicable when aluminium sheet is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Molybdenum wire stock (molybdenum_wire)

Record molybdenum wire consumed as a declared lead-in or support material. The flow UUID remains unresolved because the name-matched candidate has an incompatible unwrought-metal classification.

• Selected flow: Molybdenum wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net purchased molybdenum-wire mass consumed, adjusted for inventory change and internal returns; set not applicable when molybdenum wire is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Purchased electricity (electricity)

Record metered electricity delivered to the foreground operations. Do not combine it with natural gas or other energy carriers.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered purchased electricity attributable to the declared part, converted from kWh when necessary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources:

Gaseous natural gas (natural_gas)

Record natural gas supplied to on-site furnaces, burners, or heat-treatment equipment when that technology is used. Purchased heat is not represented by this row.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered corrected gas volume attributable to the declared part; set not applicable when no natural gas is combusted within the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources:

Industrial oxygen (industrial_oxygen)

Record purchased industrial oxygen supplied to an oxy-fuel or other declared forming or heat-treatment operation. Do not use this row for oxygen drawn from ambient air.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered corrected oxygen volume attributable to the declared part; set not applicable unless purchased industrial oxygen crosses the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources:

Process water (process_water)

Record process water supplied for washing, wet cleaning, solution preparation, or cooling when it is consumed or discharged across the foreground boundary. Closed-loop recirculation is reported only through make-up and purge quantities.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-recorded make-up process-water mass attributable to the declared part; set not applicable when no process water is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_chemical_records
• Sources:

Sodium hydroxide (sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide consumed in alkaline cleaning or surface preparation. Report active sodium-hydroxide mass and retain the supplied solution concentration.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Active sodium-hydroxide mass issued to the declared process; set not applicable when no sodium hydroxide is used
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_chemical_records
• Sources:

Corrugated-board boxes (corrugated_board_boxes)

Record corrugated-board boxes that leave the factory with the reference product. Reusable transport packaging that does not transfer with the product is excluded and disclosed separately.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net mass of corrugated-board boxes transferred with the declared reference product; set not applicable for unpacked bulk delivery or a different separately inventoried package
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming reference product (reference_product)

Record only conforming market-ready parts that meet the declared acceptance criteria. Rework and rejects remain outside this output until their final disposition is known.

• Selected flow: Parts of electric filament or discharge lamps, parts of arc lamps 8234a28a-728c-4755-a4ed-834ace7ddfd8
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Normalize the net mass of conforming output to exactly 1 kg reference product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_conforming_output_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Borosilicate-glass cullet (borosilicate_glass_cullet)

Record borosilicate-glass offcuts and rejects that leave the foreground boundary as waste. Do not substitute float-glass cullet or combine other glass compositions in this row.

• Selected flow: Borosilicate-glass cullet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass exported as borosilicate-glass cullet, net of verified internal return; set not applicable when the declared route generates none
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Tungsten manufacturing scrap (tungsten_scrap)

Record tungsten-wire offcuts, forming rejects, and recovered dust leaving the boundary as a single tungsten-specific scrap stream only when their disposition and contamination state are equivalent. Otherwise split the physical streams.

• Selected flow: Tungsten manufacturing scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured tungsten-scrap mass exported from the foreground facility, net of verified internal return; set not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Aluminium scrap (aluminium_scrap)

Record aluminium sheet offcuts and forming rejects that leave the foreground boundary as aluminium scrap. Declare alloy, contamination, physical form, and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Aluminium Scrap 96c5f842-ea53-419b-b1cd-c02c479efb45
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured aluminium-scrap mass exported from the foreground facility, net of verified internal return; set not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Molybdenum manufacturing scrap (molybdenum_scrap)

Record molybdenum-wire offcuts and forming rejects that leave the foreground boundary as molybdenum-specific scrap. Do not use an unspecified-heavy-metals proxy.

• Selected flow: Molybdenum manufacturing scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured molybdenum-scrap mass exported from the foreground facility, net of verified internal return; set not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Waste alkaline liquor (waste_alkaline_liquor)

Record spent alkaline cleaning liquor when it leaves the foreground boundary for treatment. Retain pH, sodium-hydroxide concentration, relevant dissolved or suspended contaminants, and destination.

• Selected flow: Waste Alkaline Liquor ce738ef0-a711-4650-a38b-34479efd7559
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass of spent alkaline liquor exported for treatment; set not applicable when no alkaline liquor leaves the facility
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_chemical_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide (carbon_dioxide_fossil)

Record fossil carbon dioxide released directly from on-site natural-gas combustion attributable to the declared part. Upstream electricity emissions are excluded from this direct-emission row.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Site measurement or calculation from collected natural-gas consumption, supplier composition, and documented oxidation assumptions; set not applicable when no fossil fuel is combusted on site
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	Shared foreground operations	Subdivide and meter product-specific operations and material losses wherever practicable before applying allocation.
allocation_physical_causality	Multiple conforming lamp parts from one line	Allocate shared inputs and releases using a measured physical relationship that reflects causality, such as machine time, furnace occupancy, treated surface area, or processed mass; document the selected driver and reconciliation.
allocation_mass_fallback	Shared burdens without a defensible causal driver	Use net conforming output mass only as a documented fallback; do not allocate by item count when part masses differ materially.
allocation_recycling_consistency	Scrap and internal returns	Exclude verified internal recycling loops from boundary outputs and avoid double counting any recycling credit, recycled-content claim, or waste-treatment burden applied by the selected LCA method.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_balance	lamp_part_manufacturing	Material inputs, packaging, material-specific scrap	Purchase, issue, inventory, weighbridge, production, and waste-transfer records	material identity; grade; supplier; opening stock; receipts; issues; closing stock; internal returns; exported scrap; package mass; lot; date	Reconcile calibrated scales and inventory transactions to each production lot	kg	Each lot, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative months or the full production campaign if shorter	All foreground operations and storage under reporting-facility control	Net consumption = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented transfers; normalize allocated net consumption and exported waste by conforming output mass	Calibration records; stock reconciliation; bill of materials; weigh tickets; waste transfer notes; variance investigation
cp_energy_and_gas_records	lamp_part_manufacturing	Electricity, natural gas, industrial oxygen	Submeter, utility invoice, tank or cylinder issue, and operating-hour records	meter id; opening and closing readings; volume correction conditions; invoice period; equipment; product lot; downtime	Use dedicated meters where available; otherwise allocate shared consumption with a documented causal driver	MJ; m3	Each lot or meter interval, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign if shorter	All route-applicable foreground equipment	Subtract non-production use, reconcile to invoices, apply the approved allocation driver, and normalize by conforming output mass	Meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; operating log; temperature and pressure correction record
cp_water_and_chemical_records	lamp_part_manufacturing	Process water, sodium hydroxide, waste alkaline liquor	Water meter, batch recipe, chemical issue, solution analysis, and waste-transfer records	water reading; solution mass; sodium-hydroxide concentration; make-up; purge; pH; contaminant result; destination; lot; date	Meter water and weigh or meter chemical solutions; sample spent liquor when composition affects treatment	kg	Each batch or discharge, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign if shorter	Wet-cleaning and surface-treatment operations under facility control	Convert supplied solution to active sodium-hydroxide mass; reconcile make-up, carryover, purge, and exported liquor; normalize by conforming output mass	Meter and scale calibration; concentration certificate or analysis; pH record; manifest; mass-balance check
cp_conforming_output_records	lamp_part_manufacturing	Reference product	Production, inspection, rejection, and net-mass records	part number; part family; lot; produced count; accepted count; rejected count; sampled net masses; acceptance result	Weigh representative conforming parts and reconcile accepted count to net lot mass	kg	Each lot	Full reporting period	Final inspection and dispatch point	Conforming mass = accepted count multiplied by verified lot-average net mass, or direct lot mass; normalize all exchanges to 1 kg	Calibrated-scale record; sampling plan; inspection release; production reconciliation
cp_direct_emission_records	lamp_part_manufacturing	Direct fossil carbon dioxide	Stack measurement, fuel meter, supplier gas analysis, or documented site calculation	emission result; fuel volume; temperature; pressure; composition; fossil carbon fraction; oxidation assumption; equipment; lot or period	Prefer representative direct measurement; otherwise calculate from collected fuel and documented site-specific composition and assumptions	kg	Monitoring interval or fuel billing period, aggregated monthly	Same period as fuel inventory	All on-site natural-gas combustion attributable to the declared product	Reconcile calculated or measured fossil carbon dioxide to natural-gas consumption and normalize by conforming output mass	Monitoring QA; analyzer calibration; supplier composition; calculation workbook; independent mass-balance review

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_count_to_mass	Count-based reference-product records	Conforming product mass = accepted item count × measured lot-average net mass per item	accepted count; sampled net mass; sample size; lot id	kg conforming product
calc_active_sodium_hydroxide	Supplied sodium-hydroxide solution	Active sodium hydroxide = solution mass × verified mass fraction of sodium hydroxide	solution mass; concentration certificate or analysis	kg sodium hydroxide
calc_inventory_normalization	Every foreground exchange	Normalized amount = allocated exchange amount ÷ net conforming reference-product mass	allocated exchange amount; conforming output mass	exchange amount per 1 kg reference product
calc_fossil_carbon_dioxide	On-site natural-gas combustion	Use a documented site calculation based on corrected fuel quantity, supplier composition or measured carbon content, fossil carbon fraction, and oxidation assumption; do not apply the result to upstream electricity	corrected gas volume; gas composition or carbon content; fossil fraction; oxidation assumption	kg direct fossil carbon dioxide per 1 kg reference product

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product	Identify one part family and retain the drawing or part number, material specification, finished state, lamp compatibility, and acceptance criteria; do not publish an unspecified category average.	Released drawing or specification; bill of materials; inspection release
dq_temporal_representativeness	Foreground inventory	Use a continuous representative reporting period covering seasonal or campaign variation; explain shutdowns, abnormal lots, and any period shorter than 12 months.	Dated production, utility, inventory, and waste records
dq_mass_reconciliation	Materials, product, scrap, and wet-process streams	Reconcile inputs, conforming output, internal returns, stock changes, and exported waste at material-family level; investigate material unexplained differences.	Signed mass-balance worksheet; stock count; weigh tickets; variance investigation
dq_technology_and_geography	Purchased datasets	Match input state, grade, production technology, geography, voltage or pressure level, recycled-content basis, and reference year as closely as available; disclose substitutions.	Supplier data; dataset metadata; substitution log
dq_completeness	Foreground process	Check each atomic row and the facility environmental and waste registers; mark conditional rows not applicable only with evidence and add any additional concrete exchange present at the site.	Completeness checklist; environmental register; chemical inventory; waste manifest

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_qualifiers	Reference flow	Fail validation when the part family, material or composition, drawing or part number, finished state, lamp compatibility, production geography, technology, reference year, or packing configuration is missing.	eu-cn-explanatory-notes-2000-8539
validate_reference_mass	Reference flow and inventory	Confirm that the reference output is exactly 1 kg net conforming product and that every exchange is normalized to that mass without including sale packaging in the product mass.
validate_atomicity	Process inventory	Confirm that every row represents one concrete product, waste, or elementary exchange; reject combined utilities, generic materials or wastes, and selector labels.
validate_uuid_semantics	UUID-bearing rows	Confirm state-100 Tiangong flow type, base name, classification, property, unit group, product state, geography, technology, and general comment; do not replace unresolved rows with proxies.
validate_material_balance	Material routes	Reconcile each declared glass or metal input to conforming product, stock change, verified internal return, and each material-specific exported waste; investigate unexplained differences.
validate_energy_and_emissions	Energy and direct releases	Reconcile electricity and each gas to meters or invoices; when on-site natural gas is used, reconcile direct fossil carbon dioxide to fuel records and document any other direct releases as separate atomic flows.
validate_conditional_rows	Route-specific inputs and outputs	Require evidence for every not-applicable decision and ensure the chosen rows match the declared part material and manufacturing technology without constructing a variant-by-route Cartesian inventory.
validate_source_and_period	Dataset evidence	Confirm that source references resolve, foreground records cover the declared period and site, and no external empirical range is asserted without two independent, boundary-compatible sources verified in original text.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground gate-to-gate production dataset with linked upstream inputs
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product-specific cradle-to-gate modelling of a declared CPC 46541 lamp part when required qualifiers, boundary, technology, geography, and reference year are compatible
excluded_use	Complete lamps, luminaires, LED products, portable-lamp parts, unspecified mixed lamp parts, use-phase performance, end-of-life, or substitution among glass and metal part families without a new foreground inventory
required_metadata	PCR id and version; part family; drawing or part number; material and composition; finished state; compatible lamp technology; functional and quality specification; production route; facility geography; technology; reference period; net mass basis; packaging; upstream dataset identifiers; allocation; internal recycling; data owner and review date
required_quality_disclosure	Metering and weighing coverage; count-to-mass sampling; record coverage; allocation drivers; mass-balance result; conditional-row decisions; unresolved UUIDs; dataset substitutions; cut-offs; abnormal periods; uncertainty; verification status
update_trigger	Change in part design or material; process technology; energy or gas supply; cleaning chemistry; scrap or wastewater route; packaging; facility geography; allocation driver; supplier dataset; reference period; Tiangong UUID resolution; or evidence that materially changes the inventory

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (verified 2026-09-04)	Official CPC 46541 identity and hierarchy
unsd-cpc-1-1-zh-2007	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, 产品总分类（CPC）版本1.1, ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/77/Ver.1.1, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/M_77ver1_1c.pdf (verified 2026-09-04)	Professional Chinese rendering of the stable 46541 product concept
eu-cn-explanatory-notes-2000-8539	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission, Explanatory Notes to the Combined Nomenclature, heading 8539, Official Journal C 199, 13 July 2000, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?format=PDF&uri=cellar%3A775740e4-ebfb-4d08-888b-cb13caba979b.0005.02%2FDOC_86 (verified 2026-09-04)	Identifiable-parts boundary, covered part examples, and exclusions
us-epa-mercury-study-volume-2-1997	Official guidance (official_guidance)	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volume II: An Inventory of Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States, EPA-452/R-97-004, December 1997, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/volume2.pdf (verified 2026-09-04)	Lamp-component interfaces and manufacturing-operation decomposition; no quantitative range adopted
imerc-mercury-use-in-lighting-2008	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Interstate Mercury Education and Reduction Clearinghouse, Fact Sheet: Mercury Use in Lighting, January 2008, https://semspub.epa.gov/work/05/936142.pdf (verified 2026-09-04)	Component identities and functional relationships for fluorescent-lamp parts; no quantitative range adopted