Orange juice

Orange juice: This PCR applies to orange juice made from oranges and supplied as directly expressed juice, not-from-concentrate juice, juice from concentrate, or…

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published version
Readiness: Review required
Last updated: 2026-09-02

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

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Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:21431 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products/meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats/orange-juicesha256:a58239c05199…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to orange juice made from oranges and supplied as directly expressed juice, not-from-concentrate juice, juice from concentrate, or concentrated orange juice. It covers clear or cloudy juice, declared pulp or cells, and physically recovered orange aroma or volatile flavour components when these remain within the product definition. The foreground route may start with fresh oranges, purchased single-strength orange juice, or purchased orange juice concentrate, provided the starting condition and the upstream datasets are declared.

The PCR excludes orange nectar, orange-flavoured drinks, mixed-fruit juices, fermented orange beverages, orange purée sold as purée, isolated peel oil, pectin, dried peel, animal feed, and other citrus by-products sold as products in their own right. Those outputs may occur as co-products of the orange juice route, but they do not become the reference product under this PCR. Orchard cultivation, distribution beyond the declared manufacturing handoff, consumer refrigeration or preparation, and packaging end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary unless the study explicitly extends the model and identifies the added processes.

The generic Tiangong reference flow is a representative category flow. A foreground data package shall state the actual orange species or commercial specification, directly expressed or from-concentrate route, concentration and reconstitution state, soluble-solids content, pulp or cell content, preservation treatment, packaging or bulk state, and handoff temperature. If a current publicly readable Tiangong product flow matches those facts more closely than the representative flow, the more specific flow shall replace it while preserving the mass reference property and documenting the substitution.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.orange-juice
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21431 Orange juice
covered_products	Directly expressed orange juice; not-from-concentrate orange juice; orange juice from concentrate; concentrated orange juice; clear or cloudy orange juice with declared pulp or cells and physically recovered orange components from the same kind of fruit
excluded_products	Orange nectar; orange-flavoured drinks and beverages; mixed-fruit juice; fermented orange beverages; orange purée sold as purée; isolated orange oil, pectin, dried peel, feed, and other by-products sold as the reference product
representative_product	Orange juice represented by the Tiangong product flow declared below; the record is representative rather than a substitute for actual route and product qualifiers
production_route	Fresh-orange receiving, sorting and washing, extraction and finishing, followed as applicable by concentration, aroma recovery, storage, reconstitution or blending, stabilization, filling, and bulk or packaged handoff
market_state	Bulk or packaged orange juice at the declared manufacturer gate; single strength or concentrated; chilled, frozen, aseptic, hot-filled, or otherwise physically preserved as declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of orange juice with the declared concentration, composition, preservation treatment, packaging state, and manufacturer-gate handoff condition
How much	1 kg of the as-sold orange juice product
How well	Meets the declared product specification and applicable orange-juice authenticity, composition, hygiene, and labelling requirements; route and soluble-solids basis are disclosed
How long or cycle	One production batch or accounting period at the manufacturer-gate handoff; no use-stage service duration is implied
reference_flow_link	The reference product output row `orange_juice_reference_output` is exactly 1 kg per reference flow

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Orange juice `858ebbd0-452b-443d-9964-94ee3f2c1c57`
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	orange species or commercial specification; directly expressed, not-from-concentrate, from-concentrate, or concentrated route; measured °Brix and concentration state; pulp or cell content; ingredient and physically restored orange-component statement; preservation treatment; bulk or packaging format; handoff temperature; geography; reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, every item in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comments, product descriptions, or equivalent fields. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete. The representative Tiangong flow shall not be used to imply that two products with different concentration, composition, preservation, packaging, or handoff states are interchangeable.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`reference_mass`	Reference orange juice output	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Report net product mass excluding transport packaging not sold with the product. The normalized reference output is exactly 1 kg; retain measured batch mass before normalization.
`as_sold_concentration`	All reference products	Mass and measured soluble solids	kg and °Brix	Keep the 1 kg reference on the as-sold product. Do not silently convert concentrate to single-strength juice. Record the measured °Brix, sampling temperature or correction method, and directly expressed, reconstituted, or concentrated status.
`reconstitution_basis`	Juice from concentrate	Mass and measured soluble solids	kg and °Brix	Record concentrate mass, potable reconstitution water, measured final mass, and final °Brix. Apply the applicable market rule; CXS 247-2005 is the default international specification and identifies 11.8–11.2 °Brix for reconstituted orange juice subject to importing-country provisions, with the stated origin exception not below 10 °Brix.
`concentrate_status`	Concentrated orange juice	Mass and measured soluble solids	kg and °Brix	Declare the degree of concentration. Under CXS 247-2005, concentrated fruit juice has sufficient physically removed water to raise °Brix by at least 50 percent above the corresponding reconstituted-juice value.
`single_strength_equivalent`	Optional comparison across concentration states	Mass and measured soluble solids	kg and °Brix	When a study reports a single-strength equivalent, calculate it as as-sold mass multiplied by measured product °Brix divided by the declared single-strength target °Brix. Report this as an additional result and do not replace the 1 kg reference flow.
`utility_conversion`	Electricity, fuels, steam, cooling, water, and wastewater	Property matching the selected Tiangong flow	Selected flow reference unit	Preserve meter or invoice units, document conversion factors, and normalize only after allocation to the orange juice route. Do not treat steam mass, thermal energy, and fuel mass or volume as interchangeable.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Fresh oranges at plant receipt; purchased single-strength orange juice at plant receipt; purchased orange juice concentrate at plant receipt; or an explicitly declared combination
starting_condition_role	The first product input for which the reporting organization operates or controls foreground transformation
product_classification_scope	Orange juice only, consistent with CPC 3.0 code 21431; other fruit juices, juice mixtures, nectars, drinks, and independently sold citrus by-products are outside the reference-product scope
recursive_input_rule	Purchased orange juice or orange juice concentrate entering a foreground process is recorded once as a product input with an upstream supplier-gate dataset. Do not recursively recreate supplier operations unless they are actually controlled foreground operations.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every orange, purchased juice or concentrate, ingredient, packaging material, energy carrier, water supply, treatment service, and other technosphere input crossing the boundary requires a geographically, technologically, and temporally appropriate upstream dataset or an explicit data gap.
disclosure	Declare starting product state, supplier-gate boundary, included unit operations, outsourced operations, storage and preservation state, packaging boundary, cut-offs, allocation choices, and any downstream stages added beyond the manufacturer gate.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`boundary_foreground_route`	Foreground orange juice production	Include every on-site or controlled operation from the declared starting condition through the declared manufacturer-gate handoff, including cleaning and grading, extraction and finishing, concentration or reconstitution when used, stabilization, storage, filling or bulk loading, cleaning-in-place, and on-site waste or wastewater handling attributable to the route.	`fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001`; `fao-who-cxs-247-2005`
`boundary_upstream_inputs`	Product, material, energy, water, packaging, and treatment inputs	Link all inputs crossing the foreground boundary to upstream datasets. Orchard cultivation is upstream when fresh oranges enter the plant; concentrate production is upstream when purchased concentrate is the declared starting condition.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`boundary_recursive_orange_input`	Purchased orange juice or concentrate	Record the purchased orange product once at supplier gate and require its upstream dataset. Include only the transformations actually performed by the reporting facility after receipt.	`unsd-cpc-3-2025`
`boundary_downstream_exclusions`	Distribution, use, and end-of-life	Exclude distribution after the declared handoff, retail and consumer refrigeration, consumer preparation, and packaging end-of-life from the foreground dataset unless the study explicitly adds and labels those stages.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`boundary_environmental_releases`	Foreground operations	Include measured direct releases, refrigerant losses, wastewater leaving the site, and solid residues or wastes at the point they cross the foreground or environment boundary; identify their treatment destinations.	`world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`orange_receiving_preparation`	Orange receiving and preparation	conditional	Required when fresh oranges enter the foreground	Foreground fruit receipt, grading, sorting, washing, and preparation	kg accepted oranges
`juice_extraction_finishing`	Juice extraction and finishing	conditional	Required when oranges are extracted in the foreground	Foreground extraction, separation, finishing, and optional pulp recovery	kg intermediate orange juice
`juice_concentration_storage`	Juice concentration and concentrate storage	conditional	Required when water is removed or concentrate is stored in the foreground	Foreground evaporation, aroma recovery, cooling, and storage	kg orange juice concentrate
`juice_reconstitution_blending`	Juice reconstitution and blending	conditional	Required for from-concentrate production or when permitted orange components or ingredients are blended in the foreground	Foreground potable-water addition, standardization, and blending	kg blended orange juice
`stabilization_filling_handoff`	Stabilization, filling, and handoff	required	Always required; record only the treatment, filling, bulk loading, cooling, and storage steps actually performed	Final foreground conditioning and reference-product handoff	1 kg reference orange juice

Process: Orange receiving and preparation (`orange_receiving_preparation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh oranges received (`fresh_oranges_received`)

Record the net mass of sound oranges entering the controlled plant. Select a current Tiangong product flow that matches the declared orange species, production geography, and supplier-gate state; do not use the orange juice reference flow for whole fruit.

Selected flow: Dataset-specific Tiangong product flow for fresh oranges; UUID shall be selected and read back when the foreground package is built
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted and rejected fruit mass from calibrated receiving scales before normalization
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance

Fruit-washing water supplied (`fruit_washing_water`)

Record supplied water crossing the process boundary for fruit washing and preparation, net of separately measured internal recirculation.

Selected flow: Dataset-specific Tiangong water-supply product flow matching source and treatment; UUID shall be selected and read back when the foreground package is built
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered make-up water attributable to received oranges
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted prepared oranges (`prepared_oranges_output`)

Record the fruit mass released to extraction after removal of debris and rejected fruit.

Selected flow: Internal intermediate product; no external Tiangong flow is prescribed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculated as received oranges minus measured debris and rejected fruit, reconciled with direct transfer mass where available
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg accepted prepared oranges
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance

Waste flows

Rejected fruit and debris (`rejected_fruit_debris`)

Record each measured destination separately when rejected fruit, leaves, soil, or other debris leaves the preparation process.

Selected flow: Dataset-specific Tiangong waste flow matching material and treatment destination; UUID shall be selected and read back when the foreground package is built
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured mass by material class and destination
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg accepted prepared oranges
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance

Fruit-washing wastewater (`fruit_washing_wastewater`)

Record wastewater leaving washing after subtracting separately measured recirculation and evaporation; retain pollutant measurements where available.

Selected flow: Dataset-specific Tiangong wastewater flow matching discharge or treatment destination; UUID shall be selected and read back when the foreground package is built
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered discharge attributable to fruit preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg accepted prepared oranges
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Elementary flows

Process: Juice extraction and finishing (`juice_extraction_finishing`)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared oranges transferred to extraction (`prepared_oranges_input`)

Transfer the reconciled intermediate mass from prepared_oranges_output without adding an upstream burden a second time.

Selected flow: Internal intermediate product; no external Tiangong flow is prescribed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Equal to the linked prepared-orange output from the preceding foreground process
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance

Extraction make-up water (`extraction_makeup_water`)

Record extraction make-up water separately when used by the declared extraction and finishing route.

Selected flow: Potable or process-water supply matching the facility source
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: metered or batch-recorded water addition
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Pectinase enzyme preparation (`extraction_pectinase`)

Record pectinase enzyme preparation separately when used by the declared extraction and finishing route.

Selected flow: Pectinase enzyme preparation product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch dose at delivered concentration
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Ascorbic acid processing aid (`extraction_ascorbic_acid`)

Record ascorbic acid processing aid separately when used by the declared extraction and finishing route.

Selected flow: Ascorbic acid product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch dose
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Filtration aid (`extraction_filter_aid`)

Record filtration aid separately when used by the declared extraction and finishing route.

Selected flow: Declared mineral or cellulose filter-aid product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured issue to extraction or finishing equipment
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Intermediate orange juice (`intermediate_orange_juice`)

Record juice after extraction and finishing before concentration, reconstitution, or final stabilization. Measure mass and °Brix at the defined transfer point.

Selected flow: Internal intermediate orange juice; use the representative Tiangong reference flow only if the intermediate is also the declared reference product
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass with paired soluble-solids measurement
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Saleable orange peel (`coproduct_orange_peel`)

Record this exported co-product with separate mass, specification, market status, and destination; material without an economic product function is waste.

Selected flow: Orange peel co-product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured exported mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Saleable orange pulp and cells (`coproduct_orange_pulp_cells`)

Record this exported co-product with separate mass, specification, market status, and destination; material without an economic product function is waste.

Selected flow: Orange pulp or juice-cell co-product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured exported mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Saleable orange seeds (`coproduct_orange_seeds`)

Record this exported co-product with separate mass, specification, market status, and destination; material without an economic product function is waste.

Selected flow: Orange-seed co-product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured exported mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Recovered orange essential oil (`coproduct_orange_oil`)

Record this exported co-product with separate mass, specification, market status, and destination; material without an economic product function is waste.

Selected flow: Orange essential-oil product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured exported mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Waste flows

Waste orange peel (`waste_orange_peel`)

Record waste orange peel separately by treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Orange-peel food-residue waste flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured peel not released as a co-product
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Waste orange pulp and cells (`waste_orange_pulp_cells`)

Record waste orange pulp and cells separately by treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Orange-pulp or juice-cell residue waste flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured pulp and cells not released as co-products
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Waste orange seeds (`waste_orange_seeds`)

Record waste orange seeds separately by treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Orange-seed residue waste flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured seeds not released as a co-product
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Extraction wastewater (`extraction_wastewater`)

Record extraction wastewater separately by treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Wastewater flow matching the receiving treatment route
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: metered discharge or reconciled extraction water balance
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg intermediate orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Elementary flows

Process: Juice concentration and concentrate storage (`juice_concentration_storage`)

Inputs

Product flows

Juice feed to concentration (`juice_feed_concentration`)

Record the linked juice mass and measured °Brix entering evaporation or another physical concentration operation.

Selected flow: Internal intermediate product; no external Tiangong flow is prescribed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured feed mass with paired °Brix
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass

Concentration electricity (`concentration_electricity`)

Record concentration electricity separately for the included concentration route.

Selected flow: Purchased electricity supply matching facility voltage and geography
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: metered evaporator, pump, vacuum, and cooling-system electricity
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Concentration steam (`concentration_steam`)

Record concentration steam separately for the included concentration route.

Selected flow: Purchased steam supply matching declared steam conditions
Flow property / unit: Energy or Mass / MJ or kg steam
Amount rule: steam meter reading corrected for conditions and condensate return
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Concentration natural gas (`concentration_natural_gas`)

Record concentration natural gas separately for the included concentration route.

Selected flow: Natural gas supply matching facility geography and pressure
Flow property / unit: Energy or Volume / MJ lower heating value or Nm3
Amount rule: fuel meter reading with lower heating value and standard-condition conversion
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Concentration cooling-water make-up (`concentration_cooling_water`)

Record concentration cooling-water make-up separately for the included concentration route.

Selected flow: Process-water supply matching the facility source
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: make-up meter reading after separating recirculation and blowdown
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Concentration R717 make-up (`concentration_r717_makeup`)

Record concentration r717 make-up separately for the included concentration route.

Selected flow: Ammonia (R717) refrigerant product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: service-log make-up mass; circulating charge is not consumption
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Concentration R404A make-up (`concentration_r404a_makeup`)

Record concentration r404a make-up separately for the included concentration route.

Selected flow: R404A refrigerant product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: service-log make-up mass; circulating charge is not consumption
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Orange juice concentrate (`orange_juice_concentrate`)

Record concentrate mass, °Brix, recovered aroma or volatile components added back, and storage condition.

Selected flow: Use a current specific Tiangong orange juice concentrate flow when publicly available and semantically matched; otherwise use the representative Orange juice flow with an explicit concentrated-product qualifier
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured concentrate output mass with paired °Brix
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Recovered orange aroma (`concentration_recovered_aroma`)

Record this recovered component separately by disposition before internal reuse, sale, or waste classification.

Selected flow: Orange-aroma product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured recovered mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Recovered orange volatile components (`concentration_recovered_volatiles`)

Record this recovered component separately by disposition before internal reuse, sale, or waste classification.

Selected flow: Orange volatile-component product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured recovered mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Recovered orange oil (`concentration_recovered_oil`)

Record this recovered component separately by disposition before internal reuse, sale, or waste classification.

Selected flow: Orange essential-oil product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured recovered mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_allocation
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Waste flows

Concentration condensate (`concentration_condensate`)

Record evaporator condensate separately by reuse, discharge, or treatment destination.

Selected flow: Process-condensate flow
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: metered condensate or concentration water balance
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Concentration cleaning wastewater (`concentration_cleaning_wastewater`)

Record wastewater from cleaning concentration equipment separately from process condensate.

Selected flow: Wastewater flow matching the receiving treatment route
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: metered discharge or documented cleaning-water balance
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater
Sources: world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Elementary flows

R717 released during concentration and storage (`concentration_r717_emission`)

Record measured or reconciled refrigerant loss separately by substance; do not combine different refrigerants.

Selected flow: Ammonia (R717) to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: charge added minus documented recovery and inventory change, allocated to the included equipment
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

R404A released during concentration and storage (`concentration_r404a_emission`)

Record measured or reconciled refrigerant loss separately by substance; do not combine different refrigerants.

Selected flow: R404A to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: charge added minus documented recovery and inventory change, allocated to the included equipment
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg orange juice concentrate
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Juice reconstitution and blending (`juice_reconstitution_blending`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased or foreground orange juice concentrate (`concentrate_for_reconstitution`)

Record concentrate mass, supplier or linked foreground dataset, measured °Brix, and whether it is purchased or internally transferred.

Selected flow: Current specific Tiangong concentrate flow when matched; otherwise the representative Orange juice flow with an explicit concentrate qualifier and upstream dataset
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured concentrate mass charged to the batch
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Potable reconstitution water (`reconstitution_water`)

Record water added to restore concentrate to the declared product specification. The water supply shall meet the applicable potable-water requirement.

Selected flow: Dataset-specific Tiangong potable-water product flow matching the supply; UUID shall be selected and read back when the foreground package is built
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered batch addition, reconciled with final mass and soluble-solids balance
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Restored orange aroma (`blending_orange_aroma`)

Record restored orange aroma separately when it is permitted, declared, and physically added; do not use it as a balancing flow.

Selected flow: Orange-aroma product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch addition
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Restored orange volatile components (`blending_orange_volatiles`)

Record restored orange volatile components separately when it is permitted, declared, and physically added; do not use it as a balancing flow.

Selected flow: Orange volatile-component product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch addition
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Restored orange pulp and cells (`blending_orange_pulp_cells`)

Record restored orange pulp and cells separately when it is permitted, declared, and physically added; do not use it as a balancing flow.

Selected flow: Orange pulp or juice-cell product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch addition
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Ascorbic acid addition (`blending_ascorbic_acid`)

Record ascorbic acid addition separately when it is permitted, declared, and physically added; do not use it as a balancing flow.

Selected flow: Ascorbic acid product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch addition
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Citric acid addition (`blending_citric_acid`)

Record citric acid addition separately when it is permitted, declared, and physically added; do not use it as a balancing flow.

Selected flow: Citric acid product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured batch addition
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Blended or reconstituted orange juice (`blended_orange_juice`)

Record final blended mass and measured °Brix before stabilization or handoff.

Selected flow: Internal intermediate product; use the representative Tiangong flow only if this is the reference-product handoff
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured output mass with paired °Brix and mass-balance reconciliation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass
Sources: fao-who-cxs-247-2005

Waste flows

Off-specification juice and blending losses (`blending_losses`)

Record reworked internal material as an internal transfer; record only net discarded product by destination as waste.

Selected flow: Dataset-specific Tiangong waste flow matching product state and treatment destination; UUID shall be selected and read back when the foreground package is built
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured net discarded mass after rework
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per kg blended orange juice output
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance

Elementary flows

Process: Stabilization, filling, and handoff (`stabilization_filling_handoff`)

Inputs

Product flows

Orange juice entering final conditioning (`juice_for_final_conditioning`)

Record the linked or purchased juice mass, °Brix, temperature, and route status entering the final controlled process.

Selected flow: Internal intermediate or purchased orange juice matched to a current Tiangong flow; UUID shall be read back when a purchased external flow is selected
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured input mass with paired product-quality record
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_product_quality_mass

Final-conditioning electricity (`final_electricity`)

Record final-conditioning electricity separately for pasteurization or other declared preservation, cooling, storage, and filling.

Selected flow: Purchased electricity supply matching facility voltage and geography
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: metered pasteurization, cooling, storage, and filling electricity
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Final-conditioning steam (`final_steam`)

Record final-conditioning steam separately for pasteurization or other declared preservation, cooling, storage, and filling.

Selected flow: Purchased steam supply matching declared steam conditions
Flow property / unit: Energy or Mass / MJ or kg steam
Amount rule: steam meter reading corrected for conditions and condensate return
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Final-conditioning natural gas (`final_natural_gas`)

Record final-conditioning natural gas separately for pasteurization or other declared preservation, cooling, storage, and filling.

Selected flow: Natural gas supply matching facility geography and pressure
Flow property / unit: Energy or Volume / MJ lower heating value or Nm3
Amount rule: fuel meter reading with lower heating value and standard-condition conversion
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Final-conditioning cooling-water make-up (`final_cooling_water`)

Record final-conditioning cooling-water make-up separately for pasteurization or other declared preservation, cooling, storage, and filling.

Selected flow: Process-water supply matching the facility source
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: make-up meter reading after separating recirculation and blowdown
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Final-conditioning R717 make-up (`final_r717_makeup`)

Record final-conditioning r717 make-up separately for pasteurization or other declared preservation, cooling, storage, and filling.

Selected flow: Ammonia (R717) refrigerant product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: service-log make-up mass; circulating charge is not consumption
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Final-conditioning R404A make-up (`final_r404a_makeup`)

Record final-conditioning r404a make-up separately for pasteurization or other declared preservation, cooling, storage, and filling.

Selected flow: R404A refrigerant product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: service-log make-up mass; circulating charge is not consumption
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001

Steel packaging supplied (`packaging_steel`)

Record steel packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Tinplate or steel packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Aluminium packaging supplied (`packaging_aluminium`)

Record aluminium packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Aluminium packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Glass packaging supplied (`packaging_glass`)

Record glass packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Container-glass packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

PET packaging supplied (`packaging_pet`)

Record pet packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Polyethylene terephthalate packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Polypropylene packaging supplied (`packaging_pp`)

Record polypropylene packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Polypropylene packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Polyethylene packaging supplied (`packaging_pe`)

Record polyethylene packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging product flow matching declared grade
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Paperboard packaging supplied (`packaging_paperboard`)

Record paperboard packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Paperboard packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Corrugated-board packaging supplied (`packaging_corrugated_board`)

Record corrugated-board packaging separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Corrugated-board packaging product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Paper labels supplied (`packaging_paper_label`)

Record paper labels separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Paper label product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Wooden pallets supplied (`packaging_wood_pallet`)

Record wooden pallets separately from every other primary, secondary, or tertiary packaging material.

Selected flow: Wooden pallet product flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued material minus measured unused returns, normalized by conforming product output
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference orange juice at manufacturer gate (`orange_juice_reference_output`)

This is the quantitative reference. Record conforming net output at the declared bulk or packaged handoff and preserve all required qualifiers.

Selected flow: Orange juice 858ebbd0-452b-443d-9964-94ee3f2c1c57; replace with a more specific current public Tiangong flow when it matches the actual declared product more closely
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg after normalization from measured conforming net output
Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

Waste flows

Rejected orange juice (`filling_rejected_juice`)

Record rejected orange juice separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Orange-juice product-residue waste flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured rejected juice before rework or recovery
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Filling and cleaning wastewater (`filling_wastewater`)

Record filling and cleaning wastewater separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Wastewater flow matching the receiving treatment route
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: metered discharge or line water balance
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Steel packaging waste (`packaging_waste_steel`)

Record steel packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Steel packaging waste flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued steel packaging minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Aluminium packaging waste (`packaging_waste_aluminium`)

Record aluminium packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Aluminium packaging waste flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued aluminium packaging minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Glass packaging waste (`packaging_waste_glass`)

Record glass packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste container-glass flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued glass packaging minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

PET packaging waste (`packaging_waste_pet`)

Record pet packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste polyethylene terephthalate packaging flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued PET packaging minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Polypropylene packaging waste (`packaging_waste_pp`)

Record polypropylene packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste polypropylene packaging flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued PP packaging minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Polyethylene packaging waste (`packaging_waste_pe`)

Record polyethylene packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste polyethylene packaging flow matching declared grade
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued PE packaging minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paperboard packaging waste (`packaging_waste_paperboard`)

Record paperboard packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste paperboard packaging flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued paperboard minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Corrugated-board packaging waste (`packaging_waste_corrugated_board`)

Record corrugated-board packaging waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste corrugated-board packaging flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued corrugated board minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paper-label waste (`packaging_waste_paper_label`)

Record paper-label waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste paper-label flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: issued paper labels minus incorporated material and documented returns
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Wooden-pallet waste (`packaging_waste_wood_pallet`)

Record wooden-pallet waste separately by material and treatment destination before recovery credit or netting.

Selected flow: Waste wooden-pallet flow
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured pallet loss or allocated non-reusable pallet share
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

R717 released during final cooling and storage (`final_r717_emission`)

Record measured or reconciled refrigerant loss separately by substance; do not combine different refrigerants.

Selected flow: Ammonia (R717) to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: charge added minus documented recovery and inventory change, allocated to the included equipment
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

R404A released during final cooling and storage (`final_r404a_emission`)

Record measured or reconciled refrigerant loss separately by substance; do not combine different refrigerants.

Selected flow: R404A to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: charge added minus documented recovery and inventory change, allocated to the included equipment
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference orange juice
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`allocation_avoid`	Multi-output orange juice operations	First avoid allocation by separately metering or subdividing operations that serve only orange juice, peel oil, pulp, dried peel, feed material, pectin feedstock, recovered aroma, or another co-product. Internal recycling or return of pulp, aroma, water, condensate, or rework to the same product route is not a co-product.	`eu-pef-method-2021`; `fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001`
`allocation_physical`	Remaining indivisible multi-output processes	Where subdivision is not possible, use a documented causal physical relationship only when it represents how process inputs or operating intensity change with the co-product functions. Mass alone shall not be used merely because it is available.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`allocation_economic`	Co-products without a defensible physical relationship	If no defensible causal physical relationship exists, allocate the remaining shared burden by the relative economic value of co-products using prices and quantities from the same representative period. Disclose zero-price, negative-price, seasonal, or subsidized outputs and test sensitivity when allocation is material.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`allocation_waste_recovery`	Residues, wastes, recycling, energy recovery, and avoided-product claims	Material leaving as waste carries the treatment burden assigned by the selected waste modelling convention. Do not grant an avoided-product credit inside this foreground dataset unless a declared consequential or system-expansion scenario is separately reported with its substitution assumptions.	`eu-pef-method-2021`

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
`cp_material_mass_balance`	`orange_receiving_preparation`; `juice_extraction_finishing`; `juice_reconstitution_blending`	Fruit, ingredients, aids, intermediate transfers, rejects, residues, and losses	Scale tickets, batch sheets, inventory issues, and destination records	timestamp; batch_id; material_id; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; route; destination; instrument_id	Calibrated scales and reconciled batch or inventory records	kg	Each batch or receipt	At least 12 representative months, or the full shorter seasonal campaign with season disclosed	Every included facility and outsourced controlled operation	Sum net mass by material and destination; reconcile opening inventory plus receipts against closing inventory plus outputs and losses; normalize after allocation	Scale calibration, batch sign-off, inventory reconciliation, and destination evidence
`cp_product_quality_mass`	`juice_extraction_finishing`; `juice_concentration_storage`; `juice_reconstitution_blending`; `stabilization_filling_handoff`	Juice mass, °Brix, route state, pulp, treatment, and handoff quality	Flowmeter or scale records, laboratory results, product specification, and batch release	timestamp; batch_id; input_mass; output_mass; brix; sample_temperature; method; pulp_content; treatment; product_state; release_status	Paired mass and representative product sampling using the applicable analytical method	kg and °Brix	Each batch, tank, or custody-transfer lot	Same period as the inventory	Every included product line and product state	Mass-weight batch results; do not average concentrate and single-strength states without separate strata	Instrument calibration, laboratory method, sample chain, product specification, and release record
`cp_utility_records`	`juice_concentration_storage`; `stabilization_filling_handoff`	Electricity, fuels, steam, heat, cooling, and refrigerant balance	Dedicated meters, invoices, equipment logs, and refrigerant service records	timestamp; meter_id; opening; closing; unit; fuel_or_refrigerant_id; purchase; recovery; closing_inventory; operating_hours	Prefer dedicated meters; otherwise allocate shared utilities using a documented engineering driver	Native meter or invoice unit	Continuous or monthly, with batch links where available	At least 12 representative months or the full seasonal campaign	Every included facility and relevant utility system	Subtract non-production use and internal transfers; allocate shared use using the declared driver; convert once and normalize after allocation	Meter calibration, invoices, runtime logs, service records, and allocation calculation
`cp_water_wastewater`	`orange_receiving_preparation`; `juice_extraction_finishing`; `juice_concentration_storage`; `stabilization_filling_handoff`	Water supply, internal recirculation, net wastewater, and pollutant load	Supply and discharge meters, cleaning logs, treatment records, and laboratory analyses	timestamp; source; supplied_volume; recirculated_volume; discharged_volume; destination; pollutant; concentration; sample_method	Meter each major water circuit and discharge point; sample pollutants at representative operating conditions	m3 and pollutant-specific units	Continuous or per batch; analyses at permit or risk-based frequency	At least 12 representative months or the full seasonal campaign	Every included facility, discharge point, and outsourced treatment route	Report gross supply, internal recirculation, and net discharge separately; calculate pollutant mass as volume times measured concentration	Meter calibration, sampling plan, laboratory reports, permit records, and treatment receipts
`cp_coproduct_allocation`	`juice_extraction_finishing`; `juice_concentration_storage`	Saleable co-product quantity, function, price, and destination	Scale tickets, sales records, specifications, and contracts	timestamp; batch_id; coproduct_id; mass; specification; destination; price; currency; price_basis; revenue	Measure exported quantity and use transaction or contract prices from the same period	kg and currency per declared unit	Each shipment; prices summarized monthly or seasonally	Same representative period as the inventory	All facilities producing co-products	Apply subdivision first; otherwise calculate allocation shares from the selected physical driver or same-period economic values	Scale calibration, invoices, contracts, specification, allocation workbook, and sensitivity record
`cp_packaging_records`	`stabilization_filling_handoff`	Primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging	Bills of materials, issue and return records, item counts, and package mass tests	packaging_id; material; items_issued; items_returned; item_mass; filled_units; scrap_mass	Reconcile issued and returned items and verify item mass with representative weighing	item and kg	Each production batch or packaging run	Same representative period as the inventory	Each included packaging configuration and line	Net items used times measured item mass plus measured scrap, divided by conforming product mass	Approved bill of materials, scale calibration, package mass sample, and reconciliation
`cp_waste_records`	`stabilization_filling_handoff`	Rejected juice, packaging waste by material, and filling or cleaning wastewater	Reject logs, packaging reconciliation, waste dispatch records, and wastewater meters	timestamp; batch_id; waste_id; material; mass; volume; origin; destination; treatment; rework_or_recovery	Measure each waste material and discharge separately before rework, recovery, treatment, or allocation	kg and m3	Each batch, waste dispatch, or discharge interval	Same representative period as the inventory	Every included filling line, package configuration, and discharge point	Sum by flow identity and destination; reconcile packaging waste to issue/return records and wastewater to the water balance	Calibrated scales and meters, reject log, waste receipt, discharge record, and reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
`calc_reference_normalization`	All foreground inventory rows	Divide the post-allocation amount by conforming net orange juice output mass in kg; multiply by 1 kg	Post-allocation amount; conforming net product mass	Amount per 1 kg reference orange juice
`calc_mass_balance`	Each process and the linked foreground route	Reconcile opening inventory plus measured inputs with closing inventory plus measured product outputs, co-products, wastes, emissions, and documented internal transfers; investigate material residuals rather than creating an unlabelled balancing flow	Mass records from `cp_material_mass_balance` and `cp_product_quality_mass`	Process and route mass-balance residual with explanation	`fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001`
`calc_reconstituted_juice`	Juice from concentrate	Final batch mass equals concentrate mass plus potable water plus permitted additions minus measured losses; soluble-solids balance shall be checked against measured input and final °Brix	Concentrate mass and °Brix; water; additions; losses; final mass and °Brix	Reconstituted orange juice mass and soluble-solids reconciliation	`fao-who-cxs-247-2005`
`calc_single_strength_equivalent`	Optional cross-concentration result	Single-strength-equivalent mass equals as-sold mass multiplied by measured as-sold °Brix divided by the declared single-strength target °Brix	As-sold mass; measured °Brix; target °Brix	Additional kg single-strength-equivalent result	`fao-who-cxs-247-2005`
`calc_pollutant_load`	Wastewater pollutant releases	Pollutant mass equals net discharged wastewater volume multiplied by representative measured concentration with consistent unit conversion	Discharged volume; measured concentration; sampling period	Pollutant mass by discharge destination	`world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998`
`calc_economic_allocation`	Shared burdens assigned economically	Allocation share for a co-product equals its same-period quantity times price divided by the sum of quantity times price for all co-products; apply the share only to the remaining indivisible burden	Co-product quantities; same-period prices; remaining shared inputs and outputs	Allocated inventory by co-product	`eu-pef-method-2021`

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
`dq_identity`	Reference product and all external flows	Record flow UUID after exact Tiangong CLI readback, flow property, reference unit, product state, route qualifiers, and upstream dataset identity. Search ranking alone is not evidence.	CLI readback record retained outside the PCR; dataset metadata; supplier and product specifications
`dq_temporal`	Foreground activity data	Use at least 12 representative months unless production is seasonal or the site has operated for a shorter period; then cover the full available campaign and disclose omitted seasons, downtime, and abnormal runs.	Dated source records and coverage calculation
`dq_technology_geography`	Foreground and upstream data	Match extraction, concentration, preservation, packaging, water, energy, waste treatment, geography, and supplier technology to the declared route; justify every proxy.	Process description, supplier records, selected dataset metadata, and proxy rationale
`dq_completeness`	All included processes	Reconcile major material, product, co-product, waste, water, utility, packaging, and direct-emission records; list missing flows and quantify their known coverage where possible.	Mass and utility reconciliations, missing-data register, and destination records
`dq_measurement`	Mass, °Brix, water, utilities, emissions, and packaging	Retain instrument identity, calibration or verification status, sampling method, conversion factor, and responsible reviewer for every material measurement family.	Calibration certificates, laboratory methods, invoices, meter logs, and review sign-off
`dq_allocation`	Multi-output processes	Retain subdivision evidence, selected allocation relationship, quantities, prices or physical drivers, representative period, and sensitivity results when allocation materially affects the orange juice result.	Allocation workbook, contracts, price records, and sensitivity analysis

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`validate_identity`	Reference product	Fail if the actual product is not orange juice, if it is nectar, a drink, a mixed-fruit juice, fermented, or an isolated by-product, or if required product-state qualifiers are missing.	`unsd-cpc-3-2025`; `fao-who-cxs-247-2005`
`validate_reference_mass`	Quantitative reference	Require exactly 1 kg net as-sold orange juice output after normalization, Mass property, kg unit, and the declared generic or more specific read-back Tiangong product flow.
`validate_route_completeness`	Process coverage	Require every controlled operation between the declared starting condition and handoff. Fresh-fruit routes require receiving and extraction; concentration and reconstitution routes require their applicable processes; all routes require final conditioning or an explicit untreated bulk handoff.	`fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001`
`validate_concentration`	Concentrated and from-concentrate products	Require measured input and output mass and °Brix, water additions or removals, applicable Codex or market specification, and a soluble-solids reconciliation. Do not compare concentration states as if 1 kg provided an equal quantity of orange soluble solids.	`fao-who-cxs-247-2005`
`validate_mass_balance`	Each process and the route	Require a documented mass-balance reconciliation covering product, co-products, internal transfers, wastes, wastewater where mass is available, and identified residuals; reject an unexplained balancing flow.	`fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001`
`validate_allocation`	Multi-output operations	Require evidence that subdivision was attempted first and that any physical or economic allocation follows the declared hierarchy with same-period data and disclosed sensitivity when material.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`validate_environmental_releases`	Water, waste, and direct emissions	Require net water and wastewater records, treatment destinations, solid-residue destinations, and any direct refrigerant or other measured releases; do not transform purchased inputs into direct emissions.	`world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998`
`validate_upstream_datasets`	Inputs crossing the boundary	Require an appropriate upstream dataset or an explicit unresolved data gap for oranges, purchased juice or concentrate, ingredients, packaging, water, energy, and treatment services; reject recursive duplication of supplier orange-juice operations.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`validate_atomic_inventory`	Utility, packaging, waste, and refrigerant identity	Fail if electricity, steam, natural gas, cooling-water make-up, each refrigerant, each packaging material, packaging waste, rejected juice, or filling wastewater covered by this PCR is represented by a combined placeholder instead of a separately identifiable flow row.	`eu-pef-method-2021`; `eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019`

Raw downloads

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pcr.en-US.md86 KB · a58239c05199…
manifest.yaml877 B · 10f5643bc146…
pcr.zh-CN.md76 KB · 2532bfed1a70…
structured.yaml100 KB · 370bcfb7e62d…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`boundary_foreground_route`	Foreground orange juice production	Include every on-site or controlled operation from the declared starting condition through the declared manufacturer-gate handoff, including cleaning and grading, extraction and finishing, concentration or reconstitution when used, stabilization, storage, filling or bulk loading, cleaning-in-place, and on-site waste or wastewater handling attributable to the route.	fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001, fao-who-cxs-247-2005
`boundary_upstream_inputs`	Product, material, energy, water, packaging, and treatment inputs	Link all inputs crossing the foreground boundary to upstream datasets. Orchard cultivation is upstream when fresh oranges enter the plant; concentrate production is upstream when purchased concentrate is the declared starting condition.	eu-pef-method-2021
`boundary_recursive_orange_input`	Purchased orange juice or concentrate	Record the purchased orange product once at supplier gate and require its upstream dataset. Include only the transformations actually performed by the reporting facility after receipt.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
`boundary_downstream_exclusions`	Distribution, use, and end-of-life	Exclude distribution after the declared handoff, retail and consumer refrigeration, consumer preparation, and packaging end-of-life from the foreground dataset unless the study explicitly adds and labels those stages.	eu-pef-method-2021
`boundary_environmental_releases`	Foreground operations	Include measured direct releases, refrigerant losses, wastewater leaving the site, and solid residues or wastes at the point they cross the foreground or environment boundary; identify their treatment destinations.	world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998

Allocation rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`allocation_avoid`	Multi-output orange juice operations	First avoid allocation by separately metering or subdividing operations that serve only orange juice, peel oil, pulp, dried peel, feed material, pectin feedstock, recovered aroma, or another co-product. Internal recycling or return of pulp, aroma, water, condensate, or rework to the same product route is not a co-product.	eu-pef-method-2021, fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001
`allocation_physical`	Remaining indivisible multi-output processes	Where subdivision is not possible, use a documented causal physical relationship only when it represents how process inputs or operating intensity change with the co-product functions. Mass alone shall not be used merely because it is available.	eu-pef-method-2021
`allocation_economic`	Co-products without a defensible physical relationship	If no defensible causal physical relationship exists, allocate the remaining shared burden by the relative economic value of co-products using prices and quantities from the same representative period. Disclose zero-price, negative-price, seasonal, or subsidized outputs and test sensitivity when allocation is material.	eu-pef-method-2021
`allocation_waste_recovery`	Residues, wastes, recycling, energy recovery, and avoided-product claims	Material leaving as waste carries the treatment burden assigned by the selected waste modelling convention. Do not grant an avoided-product credit inside this foreground dataset unless a declared consequential or system-expansion scenario is separately reported with its substitution assumptions.	eu-pef-method-2021

Validation rules · 9

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`validate_identity`	Reference product	Fail if the actual product is not orange juice, if it is nectar, a drink, a mixed-fruit juice, fermented, or an isolated by-product, or if required product-state qualifiers are missing.	unsd-cpc-3-2025, fao-who-cxs-247-2005
`validate_reference_mass`	Quantitative reference	Require exactly 1 kg net as-sold orange juice output after normalization, Mass property, kg unit, and the declared generic or more specific read-back Tiangong product flow.
`validate_route_completeness`	Process coverage	Require every controlled operation between the declared starting condition and handoff. Fresh-fruit routes require receiving and extraction; concentration and reconstitution routes require their applicable processes; all routes require final conditioning or an explicit untreated bulk handoff.	fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001
`validate_concentration`	Concentrated and from-concentrate products	Require measured input and output mass and °Brix, water additions or removals, applicable Codex or market specification, and a soluble-solids reconciliation. Do not compare concentration states as if 1 kg provided an equal quantity of orange soluble solids.	fao-who-cxs-247-2005
`validate_mass_balance`	Each process and the route	Require a documented mass-balance reconciliation covering product, co-products, internal transfers, wastes, wastewater where mass is available, and identified residuals; reject an unexplained balancing flow.	fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001
`validate_allocation`	Multi-output operations	Require evidence that subdivision was attempted first and that any physical or economic allocation follows the declared hierarchy with same-period data and disclosed sensitivity when material.	eu-pef-method-2021
`validate_environmental_releases`	Water, waste, and direct emissions	Require net water and wastewater records, treatment destinations, solid-residue destinations, and any direct refrigerant or other measured releases; do not transform purchased inputs into direct emissions.	world-bank-fruit-vegetable-processing-1998
`validate_upstream_datasets`	Inputs crossing the boundary	Require an appropriate upstream dataset or an explicit unresolved data gap for oranges, purchased juice or concentrate, ingredients, packaging, water, energy, and treatment services; reject recursive duplication of supplier orange-juice operations.	eu-pef-method-2021
`validate_atomic_inventory`	Utility, packaging, waste, and refrigerant identity	Fail if electricity, steam, natural gas, cooling-water make-up, each refrigerant, each packaging material, packaging waste, rejected juice, or filling wastewater covered by this PCR is represented by a combined placeholder instead of a separately identifiable flow row.	eu-pef-method-2021, eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Processes and inputs/outputs · 5

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`orange_receiving_preparation`	Orange receiving and preparation	2	3
`juice_extraction_finishing`	Juice extraction and finishing	5	9
`juice_concentration_storage`	Juice concentration and concentrate storage	7	8
`juice_reconstitution_blending`	Juice reconstitution and blending	7	2
`stabilization_filling_handoff`	Stabilization, filling, and handoff	17	15

Complete field inspector

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Orange juice

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Orange receiving and preparation (orange_receiving_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh oranges received (fresh_oranges_received)

Fruit-washing water supplied (fruit_washing_water)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted prepared oranges (prepared_oranges_output)

Waste flows

Rejected fruit and debris (rejected_fruit_debris)

Fruit-washing wastewater (fruit_washing_wastewater)

Elementary flows

Process: Juice extraction and finishing (juice_extraction_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared oranges transferred to extraction (prepared_oranges_input)

Extraction make-up water (extraction_makeup_water)

Pectinase enzyme preparation (extraction_pectinase)

Ascorbic acid processing aid (extraction_ascorbic_acid)

Filtration aid (extraction_filter_aid)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Intermediate orange juice (intermediate_orange_juice)

Saleable orange peel (coproduct_orange_peel)

Saleable orange pulp and cells (coproduct_orange_pulp_cells)

Saleable orange seeds (coproduct_orange_seeds)

Recovered orange essential oil (coproduct_orange_oil)

Waste flows

Waste orange peel (waste_orange_peel)

Waste orange pulp and cells (waste_orange_pulp_cells)

Waste orange seeds (waste_orange_seeds)

Extraction wastewater (extraction_wastewater)

Elementary flows

Process: Juice concentration and concentrate storage (juice_concentration_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Juice feed to concentration (juice_feed_concentration)

Concentration electricity (concentration_electricity)

Concentration steam (concentration_steam)

Concentration natural gas (concentration_natural_gas)

Concentration cooling-water make-up (concentration_cooling_water)

Concentration R717 make-up (concentration_r717_makeup)

Concentration R404A make-up (concentration_r404a_makeup)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Orange juice concentrate (orange_juice_concentrate)

Recovered orange aroma (concentration_recovered_aroma)

Recovered orange volatile components (concentration_recovered_volatiles)

Recovered orange oil (concentration_recovered_oil)

Waste flows

Concentration condensate (concentration_condensate)

Concentration cleaning wastewater (concentration_cleaning_wastewater)

Elementary flows

R717 released during concentration and storage (concentration_r717_emission)

R404A released during concentration and storage (concentration_r404a_emission)

Process: Juice reconstitution and blending (juice_reconstitution_blending)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased or foreground orange juice concentrate (concentrate_for_reconstitution)

Potable reconstitution water (reconstitution_water)

Restored orange aroma (blending_orange_aroma)

Process: Orange receiving and preparation (`orange_receiving_preparation`)

Fresh oranges received (`fresh_oranges_received`)

Fruit-washing water supplied (`fruit_washing_water`)

Accepted prepared oranges (`prepared_oranges_output`)

Rejected fruit and debris (`rejected_fruit_debris`)

Fruit-washing wastewater (`fruit_washing_wastewater`)

Process: Juice extraction and finishing (`juice_extraction_finishing`)

Prepared oranges transferred to extraction (`prepared_oranges_input`)

Extraction make-up water (`extraction_makeup_water`)

Pectinase enzyme preparation (`extraction_pectinase`)

Ascorbic acid processing aid (`extraction_ascorbic_acid`)

Filtration aid (`extraction_filter_aid`)

Intermediate orange juice (`intermediate_orange_juice`)

Saleable orange peel (`coproduct_orange_peel`)

Saleable orange pulp and cells (`coproduct_orange_pulp_cells`)

Saleable orange seeds (`coproduct_orange_seeds`)

Recovered orange essential oil (`coproduct_orange_oil`)

Waste orange peel (`waste_orange_peel`)

Waste orange pulp and cells (`waste_orange_pulp_cells`)

Waste orange seeds (`waste_orange_seeds`)

Extraction wastewater (`extraction_wastewater`)

Process: Juice concentration and concentrate storage (`juice_concentration_storage`)

Juice feed to concentration (`juice_feed_concentration`)

Concentration electricity (`concentration_electricity`)

Concentration steam (`concentration_steam`)

Concentration natural gas (`concentration_natural_gas`)

Concentration cooling-water make-up (`concentration_cooling_water`)

Concentration R717 make-up (`concentration_r717_makeup`)

Concentration R404A make-up (`concentration_r404a_makeup`)

Orange juice concentrate (`orange_juice_concentrate`)

Recovered orange aroma (`concentration_recovered_aroma`)

Recovered orange volatile components (`concentration_recovered_volatiles`)

Recovered orange oil (`concentration_recovered_oil`)

Concentration condensate (`concentration_condensate`)

Concentration cleaning wastewater (`concentration_cleaning_wastewater`)

R717 released during concentration and storage (`concentration_r717_emission`)

R404A released during concentration and storage (`concentration_r404a_emission`)

Process: Juice reconstitution and blending (`juice_reconstitution_blending`)

Purchased or foreground orange juice concentrate (`concentrate_for_reconstitution`)

Potable reconstitution water (`reconstitution_water`)

Restored orange aroma (`blending_orange_aroma`)

Restored orange volatile components (`blending_orange_volatiles`)

Restored orange pulp and cells (`blending_orange_pulp_cells`)

Ascorbic acid addition (`blending_ascorbic_acid`)

Citric acid addition (`blending_citric_acid`)

Blended or reconstituted orange juice (`blended_orange_juice`)

Off-specification juice and blending losses (`blending_losses`)

Process: Stabilization, filling, and handoff (`stabilization_filling_handoff`)

Orange juice entering final conditioning (`juice_for_final_conditioning`)

Final-conditioning electricity (`final_electricity`)

Final-conditioning steam (`final_steam`)

Final-conditioning natural gas (`final_natural_gas`)

Final-conditioning cooling-water make-up (`final_cooling_water`)

Final-conditioning R717 make-up (`final_r717_makeup`)

Final-conditioning R404A make-up (`final_r404a_makeup`)

Steel packaging supplied (`packaging_steel`)

Aluminium packaging supplied (`packaging_aluminium`)

Glass packaging supplied (`packaging_glass`)

PET packaging supplied (`packaging_pet`)

Polypropylene packaging supplied (`packaging_pp`)

Polyethylene packaging supplied (`packaging_pe`)

Paperboard packaging supplied (`packaging_paperboard`)

Corrugated-board packaging supplied (`packaging_corrugated_board`)

Paper labels supplied (`packaging_paper_label`)

Wooden pallets supplied (`packaging_wood_pallet`)

Reference orange juice at manufacturer gate (`orange_juice_reference_output`)

Rejected orange juice (`filling_rejected_juice`)

Filling and cleaning wastewater (`filling_wastewater`)

Steel packaging waste (`packaging_waste_steel`)

Aluminium packaging waste (`packaging_waste_aluminium`)

Glass packaging waste (`packaging_waste_glass`)

PET packaging waste (`packaging_waste_pet`)

Polypropylene packaging waste (`packaging_waste_pp`)

Polyethylene packaging waste (`packaging_waste_pe`)

Paperboard packaging waste (`packaging_waste_paperboard`)

Corrugated-board packaging waste (`packaging_waste_corrugated_board`)

Paper-label waste (`packaging_waste_paper_label`)

Wooden-pallet waste (`packaging_waste_wood_pallet`)

R717 released during final cooling and storage (`final_r717_emission`)

R404A released during final cooling and storage (`final_r404a_emission`)