Meat of ducks, frozen

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers one factory-gate route for packaged frozen duck cuts: live Pekin ducks are received, slaughtered and dressed, chilled in an immersion-water system, mechanically cut into skin-on, bone-in parts, packaged, air-blast frozen, and held in frozen storage for dispatch. The reference product is the combined saleable cut-up batch; individual breasts, legs, wings, whole carcasses, offal, and by-products are not interchangeable reference products.

The foreground starts with live ducks at the slaughterhouse gate and ends when the packaged frozen cuts leave the producer's frozen store. Duck farming, feed production, packaging manufacture, energy and chemical supply, off-site treatment, distribution, retail, cooking, and consumption are linked upstream or downstream processes, not foreground operations. This PCR excludes fresh or chilled duck meat, frozen whole ducks, boneless or skinless-only routes, mechanically separated meat, edible offal, fatty liver, cooked or seasoned products, and routes using plate, immersion, or cryogenic freezing as the principal freezing technology.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.meat-of-ducks-frozen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 21142, Meat of ducks, frozen
covered_products	Packaged, frozen, skin-on and bone-in cut-up meat from domesticated Pekin ducks, produced by the declared route
excluded_products	Fresh or chilled duck meat; frozen whole ducks; boneless-only or skinless-only cuts; mechanically separated meat; edible offal and fatty liver; cooked, seasoned, smoked, or otherwise prepared duck; products whose principal freezing technology is not air-blast freezing
representative_product	One commingled saleable production batch of skin-on, bone-in frozen duck cuts; the batch composition by named cut is reported and is not averaged with whole ducks or offal
production_route	Live-duck receiving → stunning and bleeding → scalding and defeathering → evisceration and washing → immersion-water chilling and draining → mechanical cut-up → packaging → R717 ammonia air-blast freezing → frozen storage → factory-gate dispatch; screened dissolved-air-flotation wastewater pretreatment is included
market_state	Packaged frozen food at the producer's frozen-store dispatch point

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Packaged, frozen, skin-on and bone-in cut-up meat from Pekin ducks, with the mass share of each named cut disclosed
How much	1,000 kg net product mass, excluding packaging
How well	Wholesome saleable cuts from the locked route; product thermal centre at or below -18 °C after thermal stabilisation; package and cut composition conform to the declared specification
How long or cycle	One reporting-period production batch through frozen-store dispatch; frozen-storage residence time is separately reported in tonne-days
reference_flow_link	Factory-gate output of air_blast_freeze_store

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Meat of ducks, frozen 658e0f63-44f8-4e3e-aeef-ccf1ab20a13f
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species/strain: Pekin duck; form: cut-up parts; skin: on; bone: in; freezing technology: air-blast; refrigerant: R717 ammonia; net product mass; named-cut mass composition; package format; product thermal-centre temperature; frozen-storage duration; plant geography; reporting year

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and all material product outputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use calibrated scales; report net frozen product mass without packaging and normalize to 1,000 kg.
live_and_output_mass	Live ducks, carcasses, cuts, offal, blood, feathers, trimmings, rejects, and treatment solids	Mass	kg	Record wet mass at the point each flow crosses its process boundary; do not infer duck-specific yields from generic poultry percentages.
water_and_wastewater	Process water and wastewater	Volume and, where available, mass	m3 and kg	Meter volume; use measured density for mass conversion, or disclose the water-density assumption and keep concentration records on the same volume basis.
energy	Purchased electricity and steam	Energy; steam mass and state	kWh; MJ; kg	Use submetered consumption where possible. For steam, record delivered mass, pressure/temperature or enthalpy, condensate return, and calculate net energy consistently.
temperature	Chilling, air-blast freezing, and frozen storage	Temperature and time	°C; h	Use calibrated product-core and room sensors. Demonstrate that quick freezing is completed only after the thermal centre reaches no warmer than -18 °C after stabilisation.
storage_service	Frozen storage	Mass × time	tonne-day	Calculate daily average stored net product mass multiplied by residence days; report storage electricity separately from freezing electricity.
packaging_mass	Polymer bags and corrugated cartons	Mass	kg	Record packaging issued less verified unused returns; report product-contact film and corrugated board separately.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Live, farm-raised Pekin ducks delivered at the slaughterhouse receiving point
starting_condition_role	Purchased product input to the foreground system
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 21142 only for the reference output; live ducks and other purchased products retain their own classifications
recursive_input_rule	A frozen-duck-meat input of the same category is prohibited in this route. If rework from the same batch occurs, record it as an internal loop without duplicating upstream burden; externally purchased frozen duck is outside applicability.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link live ducks, packaging, electricity, steam, water, ferric chloride, refrigerant replacement, and off-site treatment to independently documented upstream datasets; do not replace them with another CPC 21142 process.
disclosure	Report strain, live-weight basis, cut specification and mass shares, freezing equipment, refrigerant, storage temperature and tonne-days, wastewater destination, geography, year, allocation results, and all departures from this route.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_route_lock	Declared route	Model only the declared Pekin-duck, immersion-chilled, skin-on bone-in cut-up, air-blast-frozen route; do not average whole ducks, individual cuts, offal, or other freezing technologies into the reference product.	unsd-cpc-3-2025; fao-slaughterhouses-poultry
sb_foreground_extent	Foreground system	Include receiving through frozen-store dispatch plus on-site screening and dissolved-air-flotation pretreatment; treat farming, supplied materials and energy, off-site treatment, distribution, retail, and use as linked processes.	fao-slaughterhouses-poultry; ec-pef-2021
sb_upstream_link	Purchased inputs	Every purchased product input shall link to a non-recursive upstream dataset with geography, technology, and time representativeness disclosed.	ec-pef-2021
sb_atomic_utilities	All foreground exchanges	Record electricity, steam, process water, packaging materials, treatment chemical, wastewater, individual solid residues, and refrigerant emission as separate atomic flows; aggregated utility, waste, or emission placeholders are forbidden.	fao-slaughterhouses-poultry; ec-pef-2021
sb_temperature	Chilling, freezing and storage	Separate immersion chilling, air-blast freezing, and frozen storage and retain their respective water, energy, temperature, and time evidence.	fao-who-cxc-8-1976

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
slaughter_dress_chill	Slaughter, dressing, washing, and immersion chilling	required	Always	Converts received live ducks to drained chilled dressed carcasses and segregated residuals	kg drained chilled dressed carcass
cut_pack	Mechanical cut-up and packaging	required	Always	Produces the declared saleable cut mix and package	kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts
air_blast_freeze_store	Air-blast freezing and frozen storage	required	Always	Freezes the packaged cut mix, stores it, and supplies the reference flow	1,000 kg net frozen duck cuts
wastewater_pretreatment	Screening and dissolved-air-flotation pretreatment	required	Always for this route	Pretreats combined route wastewater before off-site treatment or permitted discharge	m3 raw wastewater treated

Process: Slaughter, dressing, washing, and immersion chilling (slaughter_dress_chill)

Inputs

Product flows

Live Pekin ducks (live_ducks)

Received live Pekin ducks are the sole animal input to the locked route.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Live Pekin ducks ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: Weigh accepted birds at plant receiving, net of transport crates and dead-on-arrival birds
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_live_mass
• Sources: fao-slaughterhouses-poultry
• Range: Provisional live-input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 1500
  • Upper: 2200
  • Unit: kg live weight
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Purchased electricity for slaughter and chilling (slaughter_electricity)

Electricity used by receiving, slaughter, defeathering, evisceration, pumps, washing, and chilling is recorded separately.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Purchased grid electricity ``
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered use for this process, with justified allocation of shared loads
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources:

Purchased steam for scalding and sanitation (slaughter_steam)

Purchased steam crossing the plant boundary for scalding and process sanitation is recorded as its own energy carrier.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Purchased steam ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass and energy / kg and MJ
• Amount rule: Meter delivered steam and calculate net energy from measured state and condensate return
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam
• Sources:

Potable process water for scalding, washing, and chilling (slaughter_process_water)

Potable process water supplied to scalding, carcass washing, equipment cleaning, and immersion chilling is measured as a product input.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Potable process water ``
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Meter net process-water withdrawal assigned to this process; exclude sanitary and office water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam
• Sources: fao-slaughterhouses-poultry
• Range: Provisional process-water screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Drained chilled dressed duck carcasses (chilled_dressed_carcasses)

Drained chilled dressed carcasses transferred to cut-up are weighed before cutting and are not the reference product.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Chilled dressed Pekin duck carcasses ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh after immersion chilling and standardized drain time, before cut-up
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources: fao-slaughterhouses-poultry

Segregated edible duck offal (edible_offal)

Edible hearts, livers, gizzards, or other declared edible organs recovered for sale are recorded as a separate co-product and never included in frozen-cut mass.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Edible duck offal ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh each marketed edible-offal stream; record zero only with production evidence
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources: fao-slaughterhouses-poultry

Segregated duck blood for recovery (recovered_blood)

Blood deliberately collected for rendering or another beneficial use is an individual co-product; blood sent to treatment is not relabelled as this flow.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Recovered duck blood ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh or calculate from tank level and measured density at collection
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources: mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Segregated duck feathers for recovery (recovered_feathers)

Feathers segregated for rendering or material recovery are recorded apart from other slaughter solids.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Recovered duck feathers ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet feathers
• Amount rule: Weigh wet feathers at dispatch and record moisture basis if available
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources: mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Waste flows

Inedible slaughter solids (inedible_slaughter_solids)

Heads, feet, inedible viscera, condemned material, and other non-recovered slaughter solids are measured as one specifically defined waste stream, excluding blood and feathers already segregated.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Inedible duck slaughter solids ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet waste
• Amount rule: Weigh waste dispatched by destination, net of container tare
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources: fao-slaughterhouses-poultry; mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Raw slaughter and chilling wastewater (slaughter_wastewater)

Combined effluent from scalding, carcass washing, equipment cleaning, and immersion chilling is measured before mixing with cut-up or freezing wastewater.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Raw slaughter and chilling wastewater ``
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Meter transfer volume to wastewater pretreatment and retain flow-proportional samples
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg drained chilled dressed carcass output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources: fao-slaughterhouses-poultry; mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Process: Mechanical cut-up and packaging (cut_pack)

Inputs

Product flows

Chilled dressed duck carcasses for cut-up (cutting_carcasses)

The measured carcass output from slaughter is the only animal-material input to cut-up.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Chilled dressed Pekin duck carcasses ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Equal the transferred chilled_dressed_carcasses mass after documented transfer loss or gain
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Polymer product-contact bags (polymer_bags)

Primary polymer bags or liners touching the duck cuts are measured separately from corrugated cartons.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Polymer packaging film ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Packaging issued less verified unused returns, reconciled to packed units
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Corrugated transport cartons (corrugated_cartons)

Corrugated cartons used to dispatch the frozen product are recorded as a distinct packaging input.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Corrugated board cartons ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Cartons issued less verified unused returns multiplied by measured or supplier-declared unit mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Purchased electricity for cutting and packaging (cut_pack_electricity)

Electricity for conveyors, saws, cutters, scales, sealers, and local refrigeration is measured for cut-up and packaging.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Purchased grid electricity ``
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered use for this process, with justified allocation of shared loads
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources:

Potable water for cut-up and freezer-area sanitation (cut_pack_process_water)

Potable water used to wash cut-up equipment, food-contact surfaces, and the adjacent freezer loading area is measured separately from slaughter and chilling water.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Potable process water ``
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Meter net sanitation-water withdrawal assigned to cut-up, packaging, and freezer loading; exclude sanitary and office water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Packed unfrozen skin-on bone-in duck cuts (packed_unfrozen_cuts)

The full declared saleable cut mix is weighed after packaging and before freezing; each named cut's mass share remains in batch records.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Packed unfrozen skin-on bone-in duck cuts ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg net product
• Amount rule: Sum net packed-unit product masses and reconcile to named-cut batch totals
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Recovered duck cut trimmings and bones (recovered_cut_trimmings)

Trimmings and bones intentionally recovered for food, feed, or rendering are a separate co-product and are not counted in saleable cut mass.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Recovered duck cut trimmings and bones ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh each recovered stream at transfer or dispatch and record intended destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Cut-up packaging scrap (packaging_scrap)

Rejected film, bags, liners, and cartons generated during packaging are weighed by material and destination.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Duck-meat packaging scrap ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh separately as polymer and corrugated fractions; aggregate only after retaining material fields
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources:

Raw cut-up and sanitation wastewater (cut_pack_wastewater)

Effluent from cut-up equipment, food-contact surfaces, packaging-area cleaning, and freezer loading-area washdown is measured before joining slaughter wastewater.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Raw cut-up and sanitation wastewater ``
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Meter transfer volume to combined wastewater pretreatment and retain flow-proportional samples
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packed unfrozen cut-up parts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources:

Process: Air-blast freezing and frozen storage (air_blast_freeze_store)

Inputs

Product flows

Packed unfrozen duck cuts for freezing (freezing_feed)

Packed unfrozen cuts from the declared cut-up batch are the sole product feed to the air-blast freezer.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Packed unfrozen skin-on bone-in duck cuts ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg net product
• Amount rule: Equal transferred packed_unfrozen_cuts net mass after documented transfer discrepancy
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Purchased electricity for air-blast freezing (freezing_electricity)

Electricity for the air-blast freezer, evaporator fans, pumps, and attributable compressors is isolated from storage electricity.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Purchased grid electricity ``
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submeter the freezing campaign from loaded start through product thermal stabilisation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-8-1976

Purchased electricity for frozen storage (storage_electricity)

Frozen-store electricity is recorded separately and related to the actual mass-time storage service.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Purchased grid electricity ``
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submeter frozen storage and allocate by daily tonne-days when multiple products share the room
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per tonne-day of reference product storage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-8-1976

Outputs

Product flows

Frozen duck cuts at factory gate (frozen_duck_cuts)

This is the reference product: the declared packaged cut mix after air-blast freezing and frozen storage.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Meat of ducks, frozen 658e0f63-44f8-4e3e-aeef-ccf1ab20a13f
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Fixed reference amount of 1,000 kg net frozen product, excluding packaging
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025; fao-who-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Rejected frozen duck product (rejected_frozen_product)

Frozen packages rejected after freezing or storage are measured separately from saleable output and assigned their actual destination.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Rejected frozen duck product ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh rejected net product by reason and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources:

Elementary flows

R717 ammonia refrigerant emitted to air (refrigerant_to_air)

Fugitive loss of R717 anhydrous ammonia from the freezer and cold store is reported as an emission to air; a zero value requires a reconciled charge record.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Ammonia, anhydrous, to air ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg NH3
• Amount rule: Opening charge plus additions minus closing charge and documented recovery, allocated between freezing and storage by equipment charge or leak evidence
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant
• Sources:

Process: Screening and dissolved-air-flotation pretreatment (wastewater_pretreatment)

Inputs

Waste flows

Combined raw route wastewater (combined_raw_wastewater)

Metered slaughter, chilling, cut-up, cleaning, and freezing-area wastewater entering on-site pretreatment is the treatment feed.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Combined raw duck-processing wastewater ``
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Meter total influent and reconcile it to source-process wastewater volumes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 pretreated wastewater output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources: mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Product flows

Purchased electricity for wastewater pretreatment (pretreatment_electricity)

Electricity for screens, pumps, air saturation, flotation, and sludge handling is recorded independently from production electricity.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Purchased grid electricity ``
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submeter pretreatment equipment or allocate from panel data using operating hours and verified loads
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 pretreated wastewater output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources:

Ferric chloride coagulant (ferric_chloride)

Ferric chloride dosed to the declared dissolved-air-flotation system is recorded as a named chemical input; substitute coagulants require a route revision.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Ferric chloride ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg as supplied and kg active substance
• Amount rule: Tank or purchase reconciliation, with solution concentration and active mass reported
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 pretreated wastewater output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_chemical
• Sources:

Outputs

Waste flows

Pretreated wastewater to off-site treatment (pretreated_wastewater)

The liquid effluent leaving dissolved-air flotation is measured at the transfer to off-site treatment or the declared permitted discharge point.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Pretreated duck-processing wastewater ``
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Meter effluent volume and report flow-weighted COD, BOD5, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations and loads
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 pretreated wastewater output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources: mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Screened wastewater solids (screened_solids)

Coarse feathers, tissue, fat, and other solids removed by screening are weighed as a distinct wet waste stream.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Screened duck-processing solids ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet waste
• Amount rule: Weigh containerized screened solids net of tare by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 pretreated wastewater output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources: mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

Dissolved-air-flotation sludge (daf_sludge)

Float sludge removed from dissolved-air flotation is recorded separately from screened solids and liquid effluent.

• Requirement: Required (required)
• Selected flow: Duck-processing dissolved-air-flotation sludge ``
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet sludge and kg dry matter
• Amount rule: Weigh wet sludge, measure representative solids content, and calculate dry matter by reporting period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 pretreated wastewater output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources: mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_avoid	All foreground processes	Avoid allocation first by separating metered process stages, destination-specific residue handling, freezing from storage, and product-specific cut-up batches.	ec-pef-2021
al_subdivide	Separable outputs and operations	Attribute operations that exclusively produce or handle edible offal, recovered blood, feathers, trimmings, packaging scrap, rejects, or wastewater directly to those flows before allocating shared burdens.	ec-pef-2021
al_residual_economic	Indivisible shared slaughter and cut-up burdens	Allocate remaining indivisible slaughter and cut-up burdens among the reference cut batch and co-products with positive revenue and intended beneficial use by contemporaneous plant-gate economic value; price source, currency, averaging period, and factors are mandatory. Do not transfer the PEF mammal default factors to ducks.	ec-pef-2021
al_mass_sensitivity	Co-products receiving shared burden	For every co-product receiving residual shared burden, also report a wet-mass allocation sensitivity using measured split-point mass and disclosed moisture basis.	ec-pef-2021
al_waste	Waste outputs	A residual with no intended beneficial use or positive revenue is waste, receives no co-product allocation, and carries its collection, on-site treatment, transport, and off-site treatment burdens from the point of generation.	ec-pef-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_live_mass	slaughter_dress_chill	live ducks	weighbridge/slaughter log	gross mass, crate tare, accepted birds, dead-on-arrival mass, time	calibrated receiving scale	kg	each lot	representative 12 consecutive months	route plant	accepted net live mass summed	calibration and lot reconciliation
cp_utility_meters	all processes	electricity	meter/energy log	meter id, opening/closing reading, interval, downtime, shared load	dedicated meter or verified engineering allocation	kWh	shift or batch	representative 12 consecutive months	route equipment	sum by process; storage by tonne-day	meter calibration and panel map
cp_water_steam	slaughter_dress_chill	water and steam	meter log	water volume, steam mass, state, condensate return, interval	calibrated flow meter	m3; kg; MJ	shift or batch	representative 12 consecutive months	route process	net use by batch	calibration and mass/energy reconciliation
cp_output_mass	production processes	products and co-products	scale/production log	flow identity, gross, tare, net, cut name, moisture basis, destination	calibrated scales and batch reconciliation	kg	each batch/dispatch	representative 12 consecutive months	route plant	sum net mass by atomic flow	scale calibration and signed batch record
cp_packaging	cut_pack	packaging inputs	issue/return and specification record	material, units issued, returns, unit mass, supplier spec	inventory reconciliation plus sample weighing	kg	batch	representative 12 consecutive months	packed route	issued minus returned mass	purchase and sample-weight records
cp_waste_mass	all processes	solid wastes and rejects	waste manifest/scale log	waste identity, gross, tare, wet mass, dry matter if relevant, destination	calibrated scale	kg	each dispatch	representative 12 consecutive months	route plant	sum by atomic waste and destination	manifests, tickets, sampling record
cp_wastewater	slaughter_dress_chill; wastewater_pretreatment	wastewater	flow meter and laboratory record	volume, sample time, COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, TP, sampling basis	continuous flow meter and flow-proportional composite sample	m3; mg/L; kg	continuous flow; at least monthly composite	representative 12 consecutive months	route drains and pretreatment	volume sum; concentration × matched volume	meter calibration, laboratory method and chain of custody
cp_temperature	slaughter_dress_chill; air_blast_freeze_store	product and room temperature	logger record	sensor id, location, time, product-core temperature, room temperature, batch	calibrated continuous logger plus representative core probes	°C; h	continuous per batch/store	all reported batches	chill tank, freezer and store	retain extrema and time-temperature profile	calibration and alarm/deviation log
cp_refrigerant	air_blast_freeze_store	refrigerant emission	service/charge log	refrigerant identity, opening charge, additions, closing charge, recovered mass, equipment	annual charge reconciliation	kg	each service and annual close	same 12-month period	freezer and frozen store	mass balance by named refrigerant	invoices, service sheets and recovery records
cp_treatment_chemical	wastewater_pretreatment	ferric chloride	tank/purchase log	delivered solution mass, inventory change, concentration, active mass, treated volume	inventory reconciliation	kg solution; kg active	batch/month	representative 12 consecutive months	DAF unit	consumption divided by matched influent	invoices, tank readings and concentration certificate

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
cr_normalize	all inventory rows	reporting-period flow ÷ saleable reference-product mass × 1,000 kg	matched-period flow and frozen_duck_cuts net mass	flow per reference amount
cr_mass_balance	slaughter and cut-up	inputs − outputs − inventory change; report absolute and percentage closure without forcing balance	all atomic wet-mass flows and inventory change	unexplained mass and closure percentage
cr_storage_energy	frozen storage	matched storage kWh × product tonne-days ÷ total room tonne-days	daily inventory, residence time, room electricity	kWh per reference-product tonne-day	fao-who-cxc-8-1976
cr_refrigerant	refrigerant emission	opening charge + additions − closing charge − recovered mass	charge and service records	kg named refrigerant to air, floored at zero only after investigation
cr_allocation	shared slaughter/cut burdens	shared burden × recipient plant-gate revenue ÷ total eligible revenue; repeat by split-point wet mass for sensitivity	eligible product masses, prices, revenues, shared burden	economic allocation result and wet-mass sensitivity	ec-pef-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product	Prove species/strain, skin-on bone-in form, named-cut shares, air-blast technology, and package specification for every represented product family	product specification, labels, batch and equipment records
dq_time	foreground data	Use one representative continuous 12-month period; disclose shutdowns, seasonal gaps, and any shorter period	dated raw records and coverage calculation
dq_measurement	measured flows	Use calibrated meters/scales and retain meter-to-process maps; engineering allocation is allowed only when a dedicated meter is unavailable and uncertainty is disclosed	calibration certificates, meter maps, allocation workbook
dq_completeness	all atomic flows	Account for at least 95% of measured input mass and 95% of metered energy by included rows; list and justify exclusions individually	mass/energy completeness reconciliation
dq_sources	external datasets	Document geography, year, technology, provider, version, and transformation for each linked dataset	dataset provenance register
dq_estimates	provisional ranges	Do not publish a foreground amount taken from a reasoned_estimate range; replace it with collected/calculated evidence or disclose the dataset as incomplete	estimate replacement log and review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_identity	Reference flow and product identity	Reference flow UUID, Mass property UUID, 1,000 kg amount, CPC identity, Pekin-duck qualifier, skin-on bone-in cut form, air-blast technology, and R717 ammonia refrigerant must match this PCR.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
val_route	Required process route	All four required processes must be present in order; whole-duck, other cut-form, offal-reference, and non-air-blast routes may not be averaged into the dataset.	unsd-cpc-3-2025; fao-slaughterhouses-poultry
val_mass_balance	Slaughter and cut-up mass balances	Slaughter and cut-up wet-mass balances must be reported; unexplained difference above 5% of input requires correction or a reviewed, flow-specific explanation.	fao-slaughterhouses-poultry
val_atomic	All foreground exchanges	Electricity, steam, water, polymer film, cartons, ferric chloride, each product/co-product, each waste, wastewater, and named refrigerant emission must remain separate atomic rows.	fao-slaughterhouses-poultry; ec-pef-2021
val_temperature	Freezing and frozen storage	Batch evidence must show product thermal centre no warmer than -18 °C after freezing stabilisation and frozen storage maintained at -18 °C or colder, with deviations disclosed.	fao-who-cxc-8-1976
val_allocation	Shared burdens and co-products	Subdivision, eligible co-product status, plant-gate economic factors, and wet-mass sensitivity must all be present; waste may not receive co-product allocation.	ec-pef-2021
val_completeness	Completed foreground package	Foreground records must cover the declared period and meet the 95% mass and energy completeness tests; provisional reasoned ranges cannot substitute for measured amounts.	ec-pef-2021
val_uuid	All UUID-bearing fields	Blank non-reference flow UUIDs and the blank Mass unit-group UUID must remain explicitly unresolved and must never be populated by semantic guesswork.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product-specific foreground unit-process package and aggregated factory-gate result for the locked frozen cut-up duck route
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; may be used as a background_dataset only where the receiving study matches the declared route and qualifiers
allowed_use	Comparative or attributional LCA of packaged frozen skin-on bone-in Pekin duck cuts when geography, time, technology, cut mix, and allocation are compatible
excluded_use	Representation of frozen whole ducks, a single cut without composition adjustment, fresh/chilled meat, boneless/skinless products, offal, prepared duck, other freezing technologies, duck farming, distribution, retail, cooking, or consumption
required_metadata	Plant geography and year; species/strain; cut names and mass shares; skin/bone state; slaughter and chilling configuration; freezer technology and refrigerant; package bill; storage temperature and tonne-days; wastewater route; upstream dataset versions; allocation factors
required_quality_disclosure	Coverage period; missing or allocated meters; calibration status; mass and energy completeness; mass-balance closure; wastewater sampling; temperature deviations; refrigerant reconciliation; data-source representativeness; reasoned estimates; unresolved UUIDs
update_trigger	Change in species/strain, cut composition, skin/bone form, slaughter/chilling line, principal freezing technology, refrigerant, packaging, wastewater treatment, storage regime, allocation status, plant geography, or data older than three years

11. Data Sources

OpenAlex discovery was completed centrally with one duck-processing route query and one exact-title query. Eighteen result records were screened. No duck-specific processing LCI source was found. The exact-title query confirmed mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022; it was retained only after independent verification of the PMC original full text. Broad poultry-production, nutrition, cooking, microbiology and metadata-only results were rejected, and no abstract or search snippet supports a rule or value.

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes (2025), official PDF	CPC 21142 inclusion and exclusions for frozen duck meat versus fresh/chilled meat and edible offal
fao-slaughterhouses-poultry	official_guidance	FAO, Slaughterhouses—Poultry slaughter (accessed 2026-08-20), official page	Verified poultry process sequence, immersion chilling, process-water use points, and separate blood, feathers, offal, wastewater, and solid-residue categories; generic poultry percentages are not used as duck-specific amounts
fao-who-cxc-8-1976	standard	Codex Alimentarius, Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods, CXC 8-1976 (accessed 2026-08-20), official PDF	Quick-freezing completion, -18 °C thermal-centre and storage conditions, and temperature records
ec-pef-2021	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods (accessed 2026-08-20), EUR-Lex official PDF	Full-text-verified slaughterhouse rule to subdivide directly attributable flows and economically allocate remaining flows, plus company-specific data requirements; mammal default factors are not transferred to ducks
mozhiarasi-natarajan-2022	literature	Mozhiarasi V., Natarajan T.S., “Slaughterhouse and poultry wastes: management practices, feedstocks for renewable energy production, and recovery of value added products,” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery (2022), doi:10.1007/s13399-022-02352-0, PMC full text	Full-text-verified categorisation and source segregation of blood, feathers, offal, wastewater, screened solids, and treatment sludge; no chicken-specific percentage is transferred to duck