Beet sugar · Process: Wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management (wastewater_treatment)

Process: Wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management (wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Electricity, facility supply (wastewater_treatment_electricity)

Electricity, facility supply crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified product flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for pumps, aeration and treatment equipment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_balance
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Calcium hydroxide (wastewater_calcium_hydroxide)

Calcium hydroxide crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified product flow. Conditional on this specific treatment chemistry.

• Selected flow: Calcium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stock-adjusted mass dosed for pH or precipitation.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_inventory
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Ferric chloride (wastewater_ferric_chloride)

Ferric chloride crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified product flow. Conditional on this specific treatment chemistry.

• Selected flow: Ferric chloride
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stock-adjusted mass dosed for coagulation or phosphorus removal.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_inventory
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Anionic polyacrylamide (wastewater_polyacrylamide)

Anionic polyacrylamide crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified product flow. Conditional on this specific treatment chemistry.

• Selected flow: Anionic polyacrylamide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stock-adjusted mass dosed for flocculation or sludge dewatering.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_inventory
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Beet-sugar manufacturing wastewater (wastewater_received)

Beet-sugar manufacturing wastewater crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified waste flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Beet-sugar manufacturing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered net influent by source stream without double counting internal transfers.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_quantity_quality
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974

Elementary flows

No direct exchanges of this flow type are expected; record any exception as a separate atomic card.

Outputs

Product flows

Treated process water (treated_process_water)

Treated process water crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified product flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Treated process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered treated water recycled to a named process or sent to another installation.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Biogas (recovered_biogas)

Biogas crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified product flow. Conditional on anaerobic treatment and useful recovery.

• Selected flow: Biogas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered useful biogas with methane content and destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_balance
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Wastewater-treatment sludge (wastewater_treatment_sludge)

Wastewater-treatment sludge crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified waste flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Wastewater-treatment sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed wet and dry sludge mass by actual destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_residue_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974

Elementary flows

Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD5, to water (effluent_bod5_water)

Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD5, to water crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified elementary flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD5, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Matched treated-effluent volume multiplied by representative BOD5 concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_quantity_quality
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974

Chemical oxygen demand, to water (effluent_cod_water)

Chemical oxygen demand, to water crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified elementary flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Matched treated-effluent volume multiplied by representative COD concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_quantity_quality
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Suspended solids, to water (effluent_suspended_solids_water)

Suspended solids, to water crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified elementary flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Suspended solids, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Matched treated-effluent volume multiplied by representative suspended-solids concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_quantity_quality
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974

Nitrogen, total, to water (effluent_total_nitrogen_water)

Nitrogen, total, to water crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified elementary flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Matched treated-effluent volume multiplied by representative total-nitrogen concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_quantity_quality
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Phosphorus, total, to water (effluent_total_phosphorus_water)

Phosphorus, total, to water crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified elementary flow. Keep its identity, quantity and destination or source separate from all alternatives.

• Selected flow: Phosphorus, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Matched treated-effluent volume multiplied by representative total-phosphorus concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_quantity_quality
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Methane, to air (wastewater_methane_air)

Methane, to air crosses the wastewater collection, treatment, discharge, and residual management boundary as one separately quantified elementary flow. Conditional on anaerobic treatment.

• Selected flow: Methane, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Anaerobic-treatment gas balance minus captured, flared and oxidised methane.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming beet sugar
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
alloc_subdivide	separable operations	Avoid allocation through meters, batch records and subdivision.	iso-14044-2006
alloc_internal_recycling	internal loops	Do not treat an internal recovered flow as a co-product and do not credit it twice.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; iso-14044-2006
alloc_output_classification	pulp, molasses, lime and recovered biogas	Use a product row only with documented specification, beneficial destination and economic status; otherwise use the corresponding waste row.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974; iso-14044-2006
alloc_economic_coproducts	inseparable shared burdens	After subdivision, use same-period factory-gate net revenue only when no defensible physical relationship exists; disclose prices and sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_balance	all	feedstocks and intermediates	scales, tanks, inventories and laboratory records	flow; mass; inventory; moisture; sucrose; time	calibrated measurement and stock reconciliation	kg	each transfer	full campaign	site	sum each atomic flow and normalise	calibration, ledger and analyses
cp_water_balance	all	water and condensate	flowmeters, tanks and moisture records	source; destination; volume; density; reuse flag	meter external and internal streams separately	m3; kg	continuous/shift	full campaign	site	close net site balance	calibration and water-loop diagram
cp_energy_balance	all	electricity, steam, hot water and fuels	meters, deliveries and stock	carrier; quantity; LHV; source; destination	carrier-specific meter and stock reconciliation	kWh; MJ	continuous/daily	full campaign	site	preserve carrier identity	meters, invoices and fuel analyses
cp_chemical_inventory	purification, energy and treatment	each chemical	purchase, stock and dosing records	chemical; grade; purity; stock; dose	opening plus receipts minus closing and transfers	kg	batch/daily	full campaign	consuming unit	sum each chemical separately	supplier specification and dosing log
cp_refrigerant_records	sugar_finishing	refrigerant charge and loss	service and stock records	refrigerant; charge; recovery; addition; transfer	refrigerant mass balance	kg	each service; annual	reporting period	refrigeration system	additions minus recovery and inventory change	service log
cp_product_quality_release	crystallisation and finishing	crystals and reference sugar	scale and laboratory release	lot; mass; sucrose; moisture; grade; status	calibrated mass and declared analytical method	kg; fraction	each lot	full campaign	product system	net released mass	calibration and release certificate
cp_coproduct_dispatch	pulp, lime, molasses and biogas	useful outputs	scales, quality, destination and invoice	product; state; mass; dry matter; destination; value	reconcile dispatch and inventory	kg; MJ	each dispatch	same inventory period	site	separate each product state	specification and acceptance
cp_packaging_records	sugar_finishing	each package component	BOM, issue and stock	component; material; mass; count; scrap	component mass and stock reconciliation	kg	each lot	same product period	packaging line	each material separately	supplier specification and stock
cp_waste_and_residue_records	all	each waste	transfer note, scale and contractor	waste; origin; mass; destination; treatment	weigh dispatch and reconcile storage	kg	each dispatch	full campaign	site	each waste and destination separately	transfer note and acceptance
cp_wastewater_quantity_quality	cleaning, purification, energy and treatment	wastewater and water pollutants	flow and laboratory sampling	stream; volume; analyte; concentration; period	match flow and representative sample	m3; kg	continuous/permit	full campaign	each stream	pollutant-specific load	calibration and laboratory report
cp_air_emissions	purification, finishing, drying, energy and treatment	each air pollutant	stack, monitor, fuel and operating log	source; pollutant; concentration; flow; time; fuel; factor	direct measurement or transparent calculation	kg	continuous/permit	representative campaign	each source	pollutant-specific mass	monitor/stack report and factor citation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalisation	all rows	assigned period amount / net conforming beet-sugar mass	atomic amount; reference mass	amount/kg sugar	iso-14044-2006
calc_mass_sucrose_balance	material stages	reconcile mass and measured sucrose across products, wastes, emissions and inventory change	masses; analyses; inventories	closure	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974
calc_water_balance	site and water processes	external plus embedded water = products plus wastes plus discharge plus evaporation plus inventory change; internal loops cancel	water records	closure	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974
calc_energy_balance	site energy	reconcile each carrier's import, generation, use, recovery and export; fuel energy = quantity × cited LHV	meters; fuel; LHV	carrier balance	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_pollutant_load	air and water emissions	matched concentration × flow × time, or measured carrier × cited factor	measurements and factors	pollutant mass	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all rows	Resolve only exact Tiangong identities; unresolved UUIDs stay blank and manifest-listed.	double-kernel identity review
dq_atomicity	all rows	No card may combine carriers, alternatives, package types, wastes or pollutants.	parser audit and applicability log
dq_primary	foreground	Use complete company-specific campaign records including start-up, shutdown and inventory change.	dated raw records
dq_balance	mass, sucrose, energy and water	Close balances within declared measurement uncertainty and investigate residuals.	reconciliation worksheets
dq_background	upstream links	Match material, technology, geography and time and disclose every proxy.	dataset selection record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_identity	reference	Use Beet sugar f6141c1d-e50a-4f80-9125-cc7eb82eb51a, Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, kg and CPC 23512.
val_atomic_inventory	inventory	Each selected flow shall be a single concrete exchange and every card shall contain a non-empty description.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974
val_no_provisional_ranges	amounts	No inference-only quantitative range may remain; quantities shall come from foreground records, calculation rules or cited external evidence.
val_route_completeness	conditional routes	Declare applicability for every chemical, energy, refrigeration, pulp, treatment and packaging row.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974
val_balances	material, sucrose, energy and water	Reconcile all imports, internal transfers, products, wastes, emissions and inventory changes without double counting.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-beet-sugar-1974
val_uuid_resolution	identity	Only double-confirmed UUIDs may be populated; all other rows shall remain blank and manifest-listed.
val_allocation	co-products	Declare state, destination, economic status and allocation for every qualifying co-product.	iso-14044-2006

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground beet-sugar manufacturing dataset
downstream_use	LCA process, lifecycle model and product-footprint studies
allowed_use	Beet-sugar routes matching declared site, campaign, technology, product and packaging
excluded_use	Cane sugar, raw-sugar refining, cultivation, distribution, use or end-of-life
required_metadata	PCR id; CPC; reference UUID chain; grade; sucrose/moisture; route; site; campaign; energy; water; treatment; packaging; co-products; allocation
required_quality_disclosure	primary-data coverage; balances; meters; analyses; proxies; applicability; unresolved UUIDs; allocation and uncertainty
update_trigger	change in product, beet source, process, fuel, refrigerant, treatment, package, co-product market, allocation, site, period, source or UUID

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, JRC118627, 2019. https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118627_FDM_Bref_2019_published.pdf	process boundary, water/energy loops, chemicals, co-products, wastes and emissions; beet-input QA range
eu-fdm-bat-2019	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031, BAT conclusions for food, drink and milk industries. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj	beet-pulp pressing/drying routes; energy and wastewater performance context; PM10, NOx, CO, SOx and NMVOC monitoring
us-epa-beet-sugar-1974	Official guidance (official_guidance)	US EPA, Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards of Performance for New Sources: Beet Sugar Processing Subcategory, EPA 440/1-74-002-b, 1974. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=10004HMU.TXT	independent process decomposition; beet, limestone/lime, sulfur, fuel and water inputs; diffusion, pulp water return, carbonatation, sulfitation, wastewater and water balance
iso-14044-2006	Standard (standard)	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html	boundary, allocation, calculation, quality and reporting