Anise, badian, coriander, cumin, caraway, fennel and juniper berries, processed

Anise, badian, coriander, cumin, caraway, fennel and juniper berries, processed: This PCR applies to one processed spice product belonging to CPC 23924: anise fruit…

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published version
Readiness: Review required
Last updated: 2026-09-02

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:23924 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products/grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products/anise-badian-coriander-cumin-caraway-fennel-and-juniper-berries-processedsha256:a4c6295d12bc…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to one processed spice product belonging to CPC 23924: anise fruit, star anise (badian) fruit, coriander fruit, cumin fruit, caraway fruit, sweet fennel fruit, or juniper berry that is crushed, cut, broken, ground, powdered, dried, cleaned, or otherwise processed. A foreground data package shall represent exactly one botanical species and one final style; it shall not average different species or average whole, cut, cracked, ground, and powdered styles.

The foreground boundary begins with receipt of the declared botanical material at the processing facility and ends with net conforming processed product packaged and released at the factory gate. It includes actual receipt and identity control, dry cleaning and grading, route-applicable washing, drying and cooling, route-applicable microbial reduction, route-applicable crushing or grinding and sieving, packaging, storage, cleaning and sanitation, and route-applicable on-site wastewater treatment. Cultivation, harvesting, inbound transport, manufacture of purchased materials and utilities, distribution, retail, use, and end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary and are represented by linked upstream or downstream datasets when the study scope requires them.

The data package shall declare the marketed plant part and scientific species, incoming fresh or dried state, incoming moisture or water activity basis, every processing operation actually performed, drying technology and heat source, final style, particle-size or sieve specification where relevant, microbial-reduction route, packaging configuration, facility geography, and reporting period. Unprocessed products classified under CPC 01654, other spices, multi-species blends, essential oils, oleoresins, extracts, and compound food preparations are excluded.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.anise-badian-coriander-cumin-caraway-fennel-and-juniper-berries-processed
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23924, exact
covered_products	Processed anise fruit; star anise or badian fruit; coriander fruit; cumin fruit; caraway fruit; sweet fennel fruit; or juniper berry, each reported as one species and one whole, cut, broken, cracked, ground, powdered, or otherwise explicitly described processed style
excluded_products	Raw or unprocessed CPC 01654 products; spices outside the seven named plants; multi-species blends; essential oils; oleoresins; extracts; compound foods; unspecified or cross-species averages
representative_product	One declared species and declared processed style meeting the applicable contract, food-safety, moisture, particle-size, and packaging specifications
production_route	Species-specific receipt, identity control, cleaning and grading, conditional washing, conditional drying and cooling, conditional microbial reduction, conditional crushing or grinding and sieving, packaging, storage, sanitation, and conditional on-site wastewater treatment
market_state	Net conforming processed product at the factory gate, in its declared whole, cut, broken, cracked, ground, powdered, or otherwise processed state

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A conforming processed product made from exactly one of anise, star anise, coriander, cumin, caraway, sweet fennel, or juniper berry
How much	1 kg net product, excluding primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging
How well	Meets the declared species identity, final style, particle-size or sieve specification, moisture or water-activity criterion, food-safety specification, and release grade
How long or cycle	One completed manufacturing batch or reporting-period production lot released at the factory gate; storage duration is declared
reference_flow_link	The mass of net conforming CPC 23924 product released by the packaging and storage process

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Anise, badian, coriander, cumin, caraway, fennel and juniper berries, processed `1ae74dcb-8fbf-4b6d-a2d4-d2effa668cce`
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	exact common and scientific species; marketed plant part; incoming state and moisture basis; processing route; drying technology and heat source; microbial-reduction route or explicit absence; final style; particle-size or sieve specification; net product mass; packaging configuration; release grade; site geography; reporting period; storage duration

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product descriptions, or equivalent fields. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete. Packaging mass is recorded as inventory input and is not included in the 1 kg reference amount.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`reference_mass`	Reference product	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Report exactly 1 kg of net conforming product; exclude all packaging and rejected product from the reference mass.
`wet_dry_basis`	Botanical inputs, products, screenings, dust, and rejected material	Mass	kg	Record measured as-received mass and moisture or water activity; any dry-matter conversion shall retain the measurement method and calculation.
`stage_energy`	Electricity, steam, hot water, and each fuel	Energy or mass/volume with a documented conversion	kWh, MJ, kg, m3, or L	Record each carrier separately at the stage where used; do not substitute a combined energy total.
`water_balance`	Washing and sanitation water and wastewater	Volume or Mass	m3 or kg	Measure supplied water and each wastewater stream separately; document density when converting volume to mass.
`packaging_mass`	Each packaging component and its scrap	Mass	kg	Measure each material separately and exclude packaging from the net reference product mass.
`particle_size`	Cut, broken, cracked, ground, or powdered product	Declared sieve or particle-size metric	mm, µm, or retained/passing mass fraction	State the test method, sieve apertures, and measured distribution; do not pool different styles.
`emission_load`	Direct air and water emissions	Mass	kg	Use direct measurement or a transparent calculation from measured activity data and a cited or facility factor; report each substance separately.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	One named botanical material received at the processing facility, with plant part, scientific species, fresh or dried state, moisture or water activity, origin, and supplier lot declared
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate input; cultivation, harvest, and inbound transport are linked upstream rather than included as processing operations
product_classification_scope	CPC 23924 only; one of the seven named species and one explicitly declared processed style
recursive_input_rule	If an input already meets CPC 23924, record it as a purchased processed-spice input with its own upstream dataset and do not recursively reapply this PCR to the same input within the foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link species-, origin-, state-, and supplier-representative datasets for botanical input, utilities, chemicals, packaging, irradiation services, and off-site treatment; disclose every proxy
disclosure	Report included and omitted stages, incoming state, all route choices, shared-equipment allocation, storage conditions, wastewater destination, waste disposition, and data gaps

rule_id	Rule
`boundary_species_lock`	A data package shall contain exactly one declared botanical species and one final product style; cross-species and cross-style averaging is prohibited.
`boundary_route_lock`	Include only operations actually performed for the declared batch or homogeneous production campaign, and mark every conditional process as applicable or not applicable with evidence.
`boundary_foreground_gate`	Collect facility operations from raw-material receipt through packaged-product release; model cultivation, inbound transport, purchased-input production, distribution, use, and end-of-life through linked datasets when required by the study.
`boundary_internal_transfer`	Internal intermediate transfers may be consolidated in the factory-gate process, but stage input, loss, waste, and emission records shall remain traceable to the process map and mass balance.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`receipt_and_identity_control`	Receipt, identity control, and initial sorting	required	Always included for a processed CPC 23924 product	Establish one-species lot identity, incoming state, accepted mass, rejected material, and incoming-packaging waste	Accepted botanical mass by supplier lot
`dry_cleaning_grading`	Dry cleaning, grading, and foreign-material removal	required	Always included; record the actual equipment train	Separate the declared botanical material from screenings, captured dust, stones, metal, and released dust	Cleaned botanical mass by lot
`wet_washing_draining`	Wet washing and draining	conditional	Included only when potable-water washing is actually performed	Record washing water, stage electricity, and species-specific washing wastewater	Washed botanical mass by lot
`controlled_drying_cooling`	Controlled drying and cooling	conditional	Included when the facility dries, re-dries, conditions, or actively cools the material	Record stage electricity, each thermal carrier, each fuel, refrigerant, and direct air emission	Dried botanical mass by lot
`microbial_reduction`	Microbial-reduction treatment	conditional	Included only for the declared steam, irradiation, or other legally permitted validated route	Record treatment-specific utilities or service and condensate	Treated botanical mass by lot
`crushing_grinding_sieving`	Crushing, grinding, and sieving	conditional	Included for cut, broken, cracked, ground, or powdered styles and any route using size reduction or sieving	Record electricity, compressed air, permitted anticaking agent, screenings, captured dust, and emitted dust	Conforming processed mass by style and sieve specification
`packaging_storage_release`	Packaging, controlled storage, and release	required	Always included; refrigerated storage is conditional	Record each packaging material, storage electricity, refrigerant, packaging scrap, rejected product, and the reference output	Net released product mass
`cleaning_sanitation`	Equipment and area cleaning and sanitation	required	Dry cleaning is preferred; liquid cleaning and each chemical are recorded only when used	Record water, heat, electricity, each chemical, and its wastewater stream	Cleaned equipment area or production campaign
`onsite_wastewater_treatment`	On-site wastewater treatment	conditional	Included when process wastewater is treated inside the foreground facility	Record each incoming wastewater, treatment input, sludge, effluent, and each water emission	Treated wastewater volume

Process: Receipt, identity control, and initial sorting (`receipt_and_identity_control`)

Inputs

Product flows

Anise raw material (`anise_material_input`)

Anise fruit from Pimpinella anisum crosses the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; its mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Anise fruit for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Star anise raw material (`star_anise_material_input`)

Star anise fruit from Illicium verum crosses the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; its mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Star anise fruit for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Coriander raw material (`coriander_material_input`)

Coriander fruit from Coriandrum sativum crosses the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; its mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Coriander fruit for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Cumin raw material (`cumin_material_input`)

Cumin fruit from Cuminum cyminum crosses the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; its mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Cumin fruit for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Caraway raw material (`caraway_material_input`)

Caraway fruit from Carum carvi crosses the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; its mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Caraway fruit for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Sweet fennel raw material (`fennel_material_input`)

Sweet fennel fruit from Foeniculum vulgare crosses the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; its mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel fruit for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Juniper raw material (`juniper_material_input`)

Juniper berries from Juniperus communis cross the facility gate for the declared single-species production lot; their mass, marketed state, moisture, and supplier lot are recorded.

Selected flow: Juniper berries for food processing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record accepted and rejected as-received mass by supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming product of the same species and style
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: un-cpc-3-0, codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Receipt electricity (`receipt_electricity_input`)

Metered grid electricity powers unloading, lot identification, weighing, initial inspection, and sorting equipment.

Selected flow: Grid electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Record the stage submeter reading or calculate from measured equipment power and operating time.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Used jute sack (`receipt_jute_sack_waste`)

Jute sacks removed from incoming botanical lots leave receipt as a separately weighed waste stream.

Selected flow: Used jute sack
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record the measured mass and documented reuse, recycling, or disposal route.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Used polypropylene woven sack (`receipt_pp_sack_waste`)

Polypropylene woven sacks removed from incoming botanical lots leave receipt as a separately weighed waste stream.

Selected flow: Used polypropylene woven sack
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record the measured mass and documented reuse, recycling, or disposal route.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Used polyethylene bag liner (`receipt_pe_liner_waste`)

Polyethylene liners removed from incoming botanical lots leave receipt as a separately weighed waste stream.

Selected flow: Used polyethylene bag liner
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record the measured mass and documented recycling or disposal route.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected anise fruit (`rejected_anise_material`)

Anise fruit rejected during receipt inspection is weighed separately and assigned its actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected anise fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected star anise fruit (`rejected_star_anise_material`)

Star anise fruit rejected during receipt inspection is weighed separately and assigned its actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected star anise fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted star anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected coriander fruit (`rejected_coriander_material`)

Coriander fruit rejected during receipt inspection is weighed separately and assigned its actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected coriander fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted coriander fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected cumin fruit (`rejected_cumin_material`)

Cumin fruit rejected during receipt inspection is weighed separately and assigned its actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected cumin fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted cumin fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected caraway fruit (`rejected_caraway_material`)

Caraway fruit rejected during receipt inspection is weighed separately and assigned its actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected caraway fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted caraway fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected sweet fennel fruit (`rejected_fennel_material`)

Sweet fennel fruit rejected during receipt inspection is weighed separately and assigned its actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected sweet fennel fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted sweet fennel fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Rejected juniper berries (`rejected_juniper_material`)

Juniper berries rejected during receipt inspection are weighed separately and assigned their actual recovery or disposal route.

Selected flow: Rejected juniper berries
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured rejected mass by supplier lot and rejection reason.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted juniper berries
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Separated stones (`foreign_stone_waste`)

Stones removed during incoming inspection and sorting are collected and weighed independently from botanical rejects.

Selected flow: Separated stones from food raw material
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass removed from the declared supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Separated ferrous metal (`foreign_metal_waste`)

Ferrous metal removed by magnets or inspection is collected and weighed independently from stones and botanical rejects.

Selected flow: Separated ferrous metal from food raw material
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass removed from the declared supplier lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg accepted botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt_identity
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Elementary flows

Process: Dry cleaning, grading, and foreign-material removal (`dry_cleaning_grading`)

Inputs

Product flows

Dry-cleaning electricity (`dry_cleaning_electricity_input`)

Metered grid electricity powers screens, aspirators, graders, magnets, conveyors, and dust-control equipment in dry cleaning.

Selected flow: Grid electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Record the stage submeter reading or calculate from measured equipment power and operating time.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, fao-herb-spice-processing, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Dry-cleaning compressed air (`dry_cleaning_compressed_air_input`)

Compressed air supplied to the dry-cleaning line is recorded when it crosses the process boundary for aspiration or equipment cleaning.

Selected flow: Compressed air for food-processing equipment
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record metered delivered volume and pressure, excluding electricity already recorded for a site compressor when that would double count.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Anise cleaning screenings (`anise_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from anise fruit during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Anise cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the anise lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxc-78-2017

Star anise cleaning screenings (`star_anise_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from star anise fruit during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Star anise cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the star anise lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned star anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxs-358-2024

Coriander cleaning screenings (`coriander_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from coriander fruit during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Coriander cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the coriander lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned coriander fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxc-78-2017

Cumin cleaning screenings (`cumin_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from cumin fruit during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Cumin cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the cumin lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned cumin fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxs-327-2017

Caraway cleaning screenings (`caraway_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from caraway fruit during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Caraway cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the caraway lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned caraway fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxc-78-2017

Sweet fennel cleaning screenings (`fennel_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from sweet fennel fruit during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the sweet fennel lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned sweet fennel fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxc-78-2017

Juniper cleaning screenings (`juniper_cleaning_screenings`)

Plant fragments and undersize material separated specifically from juniper berries during dry cleaning are weighed as one waste stream.

Selected flow: Juniper berry cleaning screenings
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass and documented disposition for the juniper lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned juniper berries
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxs-358-2024

Captured anise dust (`captured_anise_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from anise cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted anise dust.

Selected flow: Captured anise fruit dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured star anise dust (`captured_star_anise_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from star anise cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted star anise dust.

Selected flow: Captured star anise fruit dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned star anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured coriander dust (`captured_coriander_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from coriander cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted coriander dust.

Selected flow: Captured coriander fruit dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned coriander fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured cumin dust (`captured_cumin_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from cumin cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted cumin dust.

Selected flow: Captured cumin fruit dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned cumin fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured caraway dust (`captured_caraway_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from caraway cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted caraway dust.

Selected flow: Captured caraway fruit dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned caraway fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured sweet fennel dust (`captured_fennel_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from sweet fennel cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted sweet fennel dust.

Selected flow: Captured sweet fennel fruit dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned sweet fennel fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured juniper dust (`captured_juniper_cleaning_dust`)

Dust collected from juniper cleaning by a cyclone or filter is weighed separately from emitted juniper dust.

Selected flow: Captured juniper berry dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned juniper berries
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Anise dust to air (`anise_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Anise fruit dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Anise fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Star anise dust to air (`star_anise_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Star anise fruit dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Star anise fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned star anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Coriander dust to air (`coriander_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Coriander fruit dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Coriander fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned coriander fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Cumin dust to air (`cumin_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Cumin fruit dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Cumin fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned cumin fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Caraway dust to air (`caraway_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Caraway fruit dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Caraway fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned caraway fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Sweet fennel dust to air (`fennel_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Sweet fennel fruit dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned sweet fennel fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Juniper dust to air (`juniper_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Juniper berry dust released beyond the dry-cleaning control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Juniper berry dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use stack or workplace-exhaust measurement; otherwise calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg cleaned juniper berries
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_dry_cleaning
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Process: Wet washing and draining (`wet_washing_draining`)

Inputs

Product flows

Potable washing water (`washing_water_input`)

Potable water enters the wet-washing process only for the declared lot for which washing is actually performed.

Selected flow: Potable water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record the washing-water meter reading and exclude sanitation water recorded in another process.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, fao-herb-spice-processing, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Washing electricity (`washing_electricity_input`)

Metered grid electricity powers washers, conveyors, drainage equipment, and pumps used for wet washing.

Selected flow: Grid electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Record the stage submeter reading or calculate from measured equipment power and operating time.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Anise washing wastewater (`anise_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing anise fruit is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Anise fruit washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the anise lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Star anise washing wastewater (`star_anise_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing star anise fruit is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Star anise fruit washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the star anise lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed star anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Coriander washing wastewater (`coriander_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing coriander fruit is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Coriander fruit washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the coriander lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed coriander fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Cumin washing wastewater (`cumin_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing cumin fruit is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Cumin fruit washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the cumin lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed cumin fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Caraway washing wastewater (`caraway_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing caraway fruit is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Caraway fruit washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the caraway lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed caraway fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Sweet fennel washing wastewater (`fennel_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing sweet fennel fruit is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel fruit washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the sweet fennel lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed sweet fennel fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Juniper washing wastewater (`juniper_washing_wastewater`)

Wastewater generated by washing juniper berries is metered separately from sanitation wastewater and other species.

Selected flow: Juniper berry washing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record discharged volume, destination, and sampling period for the juniper lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg washed juniper berries
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wet_washing
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Process: Controlled drying and cooling (`controlled_drying_cooling`)

Inputs

Product flows

Drying electricity (`drying_electricity_input`)

Metered grid electricity powers fans, conveyors, controls, heat pumps, and cooling equipment for the declared drying route.

Selected flow: Grid electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Record the drying-stage submeter reading or calculate from measured equipment power and operating time.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031, eu-pef-2021-2279

Purchased drying steam (`drying_steam_input`)

Purchased steam crosses the drying boundary only when the declared dryer or heat exchanger uses steam.

Selected flow: Purchased steam
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Record metered delivered steam energy or mass with pressure, temperature, condensate return, and enthalpy calculation.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Purchased drying hot water (`drying_hot_water_input`)

Purchased hot water crosses the drying boundary only when it supplies a heat exchanger or active conditioning loop.

Selected flow: Purchased hot water for food processing
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Calculate delivered heat from measured flow and inlet and outlet temperatures; retain the heat-capacity basis.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Natural gas for dryer (`dryer_natural_gas_input`)

Natural gas burned for the declared dryer is recorded separately from every other fuel.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Record metered fuel volume and convert with the supplier lower heating value.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Diesel for dryer (`dryer_diesel_input`)

Diesel burned for the declared dryer is recorded separately from natural gas, LPG, and kerosene.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record tank withdrawal or invoice-balanced mass attributable to the drying campaign.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Liquefied petroleum gas for dryer (`dryer_lpg_input`)

Liquefied petroleum gas burned for the declared dryer is recorded separately from natural gas, diesel, and kerosene.

Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record cylinder or tank mass withdrawal attributable to the drying campaign.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Kerosene for dryer (`dryer_kerosene_input`)

Kerosene burned for the declared dryer is recorded separately from natural gas, diesel, and LPG.

Selected flow: Kerosene
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record tank withdrawal or invoice-balanced mass attributable to the drying campaign.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, fao-herb-spice-processing

Dry firewood for smoke dryer (`dryer_firewood_input`)

Dry firewood burned in a declared smoke-drying house is recorded separately from natural gas, diesel, LPG, and kerosene.

Selected flow: Dry firewood for spice smoke drying
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record weighed dry firewood supplied to the applicable smoke-drying campaign and its measured moisture basis.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg smoke-dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Ammonia refrigerant makeup (`drying_r717_makeup_input`)

R717 ammonia added to the active cooling system is recorded from maintenance and charging records when that refrigerant is used.

Selected flow: Ammonia refrigerant R717
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record charged makeup mass attributable to the reporting period.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg actively cooled botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Carbon dioxide refrigerant makeup (`drying_r744_makeup_input`)

R744 carbon dioxide added to the active cooling system is recorded from maintenance and charging records when that refrigerant is used.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide refrigerant R744
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record charged makeup mass attributable to the reporting period.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg actively cooled botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Propane refrigerant makeup (`drying_r290_makeup_input`)

R290 propane added to the active cooling system is recorded from maintenance and charging records when that refrigerant is used.

Selected flow: Propane refrigerant R290
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record charged makeup mass attributable to the reporting period.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg actively cooled botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from dryer combustion (`dryer_fossil_co2_to_air`)

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site combustion of the recorded drying fuel is reported as a single direct air emission.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate from each measured fuel quantity and its documented carbon or emission factor without combining fuel activity records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Biogenic carbon dioxide from dryer combustion (`dryer_biogenic_co2_to_air`)

Biogenic carbon dioxide from on-site combustion of the recorded dry firewood is reported separately from fossil carbon dioxide.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, biogenic, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate from measured dry-firewood quantity, measured moisture, and a documented biogenic carbon or emission factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg smoke-dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Carbon monoxide from dryer combustion (`dryer_co_to_air`)

Carbon monoxide from on-site dryer combustion is quantified separately from carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Selected flow: Carbon monoxide to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use direct stack measurement or calculate by fuel from measured consumption and a documented factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Nitrogen oxides from dryer combustion (`dryer_nox_to_air`)

Nitrogen oxides from on-site dryer combustion are quantified separately from carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides.

Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use direct stack measurement or calculate by fuel from measured consumption and a documented factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Sulfur oxides from dryer combustion (`dryer_sox_to_air`)

Sulfur oxides from on-site dryer combustion are quantified separately from nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.

Selected flow: Sulfur oxides to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use direct stack measurement or calculate by fuel from measured consumption and documented sulfur content.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

PM10 from dryer combustion (`dryer_pm10_to_air`)

Direct particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter no greater than 10 µm from dryer combustion is reported separately.

Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 10 micrometres, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use direct stack measurement or calculate by fuel from measured consumption and a documented size-specific factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

PM2.5 from dryer combustion (`dryer_pm25_to_air`)

Direct particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 µm from dryer combustion is reported separately.

Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 2.5 micrometres, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use direct stack measurement or calculate by fuel from measured consumption and a documented size-specific factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Ammonia refrigerant to air (`drying_r717_to_air`)

R717 ammonia lost from the active cooling system is reported as a direct air emission based on the refrigerant balance.

Selected flow: Ammonia refrigerant R717 to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate opening charge plus additions minus closing charge and recovered mass for the reporting period.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg actively cooled botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Carbon dioxide refrigerant to air (`drying_r744_to_air`)

R744 carbon dioxide lost from the active cooling system is reported as a direct air emission based on the refrigerant balance.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide refrigerant R744 to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate opening charge plus additions minus closing charge and recovered mass for the reporting period.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg actively cooled botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Propane refrigerant to air (`drying_r290_to_air`)

R290 propane lost from the active cooling system is reported as a direct air emission based on the refrigerant balance.

Selected flow: Propane refrigerant R290 to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate opening charge plus additions minus closing charge and recovered mass for the reporting period.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg actively cooled botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Anise drying dust to air (`anise_drying_dust_to_air`)

Anise fruit dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Anise fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the anise drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Star anise drying dust to air (`star_anise_drying_dust_to_air`)

Star anise fruit dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Star anise fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the star anise drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried star anise fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Coriander drying dust to air (`coriander_drying_dust_to_air`)

Coriander fruit dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Coriander fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the coriander drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried coriander fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Cumin drying dust to air (`cumin_drying_dust_to_air`)

Cumin fruit dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Cumin fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the cumin drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried cumin fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Caraway drying dust to air (`caraway_drying_dust_to_air`)

Caraway fruit dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Caraway fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the caraway drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried caraway fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Sweet fennel drying dust to air (`fennel_drying_dust_to_air`)

Sweet fennel fruit dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the sweet fennel drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried sweet fennel fruit
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Juniper drying dust to air (`juniper_drying_dust_to_air`)

Juniper berry dust released from the declared dryer or cooler is quantified independently from combustion particulate matter.

Selected flow: Juniper berry dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use control-device or exhaust measurement attributable to the juniper drying campaign.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg dried juniper berries
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_drying_cooling
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Process: Microbial-reduction treatment (`microbial_reduction`)

Inputs

Product flows

Microbial-reduction electricity (`microbial_reduction_electricity_input`)

Metered grid electricity powers the declared steam-treatment, irradiation, UV, conveying, ventilation, or control equipment.

Selected flow: Grid electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Record the treatment-stage submeter reading or calculate from measured equipment power and operating time.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg treated botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_microbial_reduction
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Product-contact steam (`microbial_reduction_steam_input`)

Product-contact steam is recorded only when steam microbial reduction is actually applied to the declared lot.

Selected flow: Food-grade product-contact steam
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record metered steam mass and pressure supplied to the treatment chamber.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg steam-treated botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_microbial_reduction
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, codex-cxc-78-2017

Steam-treatment water (`microbial_reduction_water_input`)

Potable water used to generate direct product-contact steam is recorded when it crosses this process boundary and is not already included in purchased steam.

Selected flow: Potable water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record metered make-up water and avoid double counting water embedded in purchased steam.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg steam-treated botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_microbial_reduction
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Gamma irradiation service (`gamma_irradiation_service_input`)

A contracted gamma-irradiation service crosses the process boundary only when the declared lot receives that legally permitted treatment.

Selected flow: Gamma irradiation treatment service for food
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg treated
Amount rule: Record the treated lot mass, contracted service, absorbed-dose record, and treatment facility.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg gamma-irradiated botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_microbial_reduction
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Electron-beam irradiation service (`electron_beam_service_input`)

A contracted electron-beam irradiation service crosses the process boundary only when the declared lot receives that legally permitted treatment.

Selected flow: Electron-beam irradiation treatment service for food
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg treated
Amount rule: Record the treated lot mass, contracted service, absorbed-dose record, and treatment facility.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg electron-beam-treated botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_microbial_reduction
Sources: codex-cxc-78-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Steam-treatment condensate (`microbial_reduction_condensate`)

Condensate drained from product-contact steam treatment is metered separately from washing and sanitation wastewater.

Selected flow: Steam-treatment condensate from food processing
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record measured condensate volume and its reuse or wastewater destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg steam-treated botanical material
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_microbial_reduction
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Process: Crushing, grinding, and sieving (`crushing_grinding_sieving`)

Inputs

Product flows

Milling electricity (`milling_electricity_input`)

Metered grid electricity powers cutting, crushing, grinding, conveying, sieving, and dust-control equipment for the declared final style.

Selected flow: Grid electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Record the stage submeter reading or calculate from measured equipment power and operating time for the declared style.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming processed product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Milling compressed air (`milling_compressed_air_input`)

Compressed air supplied to pneumatic conveying or mill cleaning is recorded when it crosses the process boundary.

Selected flow: Compressed air for food-processing equipment
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Record metered delivered volume and pressure, excluding compressor electricity already recorded when that would double count.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming processed product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279, eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Silicon dioxide anticaking agent (`silicon_dioxide_input`)

Food-grade silicon dioxide is recorded only when it is legally permitted and actually added to the declared powdered product formulation.

Selected flow: Silicon dioxide, food grade
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record batch-weighed addition and formulation specification; otherwise mark this atomic row not applicable.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming powdered product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Tricalcium phosphate anticaking agent (`tricalcium_phosphate_input`)

Food-grade tricalcium phosphate is recorded only when it is legally permitted and actually added to the declared powdered product formulation.

Selected flow: Tricalcium phosphate, food grade
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record batch-weighed addition and formulation specification; otherwise mark this atomic row not applicable.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming powdered product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Anise milling oversize (`anise_milling_oversize`)

Anise material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Anise milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming anise product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-pef-2021-2279

Star anise milling oversize (`star_anise_milling_oversize`)

Star anise material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Star anise milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming star anise product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Coriander milling oversize (`coriander_milling_oversize`)

Coriander material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Coriander milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming coriander product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-pef-2021-2279

Cumin milling oversize (`cumin_milling_oversize`)

Cumin material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Cumin milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming cumin product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxs-327-2017, eu-pef-2021-2279

Caraway milling oversize (`caraway_milling_oversize`)

Caraway material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Caraway milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming caraway product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-pef-2021-2279

Sweet fennel milling oversize (`fennel_milling_oversize`)

Sweet fennel material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming sweet fennel product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxc-42-1995, eu-pef-2021-2279

Juniper milling oversize (`juniper_milling_oversize`)

Juniper material retained outside the declared sieve specification is weighed separately when it leaves the milling process as waste rather than rework.

Selected flow: Juniper berry milling oversize
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured mass, sieve aperture, and final disposition; exclude material returned internally for rework.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming juniper product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: codex-cxs-358-2024, eu-pef-2021-2279

Captured anise milling dust (`captured_anise_milling_dust`)

Anise dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from anise dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured anise milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming anise product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured star anise milling dust (`captured_star_anise_milling_dust`)

Star anise dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from star anise dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured star anise milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming star anise product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured coriander milling dust (`captured_coriander_milling_dust`)

Coriander dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from coriander dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured coriander milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming coriander product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured cumin milling dust (`captured_cumin_milling_dust`)

Cumin dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from cumin dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured cumin milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming cumin product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured caraway milling dust (`captured_caraway_milling_dust`)

Caraway dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from caraway dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured caraway milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming caraway product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured sweet fennel milling dust (`captured_fennel_milling_dust`)

Sweet fennel dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from sweet fennel dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured sweet fennel milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming sweet fennel product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Captured juniper milling dust (`captured_juniper_milling_dust`)

Juniper dust discharged from the milling cyclone or filter is weighed separately from juniper dust emitted to air.

Selected flow: Captured juniper berry milling dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Record measured collector discharge mass and final disposition.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming juniper product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Anise milling dust to air (`anise_milling_dust_to_air`)

Anise dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Anise fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming anise product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Star anise milling dust to air (`star_anise_milling_dust_to_air`)

Star anise dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Star anise fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming star anise product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Coriander milling dust to air (`coriander_milling_dust_to_air`)

Coriander dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Coriander fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming coriander product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Cumin milling dust to air (`cumin_milling_dust_to_air`)

Cumin dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Cumin fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming cumin product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Caraway milling dust to air (`caraway_milling_dust_to_air`)

Caraway dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Caraway fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming caraway product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Sweet fennel milling dust to air (`fennel_milling_dust_to_air`)

Sweet fennel dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Sweet fennel fruit dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming sweet fennel product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Juniper milling dust to air (`juniper_milling_dust_to_air`)

Juniper dust passing beyond the milling control device is quantified as a direct air emission.

Selected flow: Juniper berry dust to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use exhaust measurement or calculate from measured throughput and a documented facility factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: Per 1 kg conforming juniper product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milling_sieving
Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Raw downloads

These files are byte-identical to the canonical files for this revision in the repository.

pcr.en-US.md166 KB · a4c6295d12bc…
manifest.yaml66 KB · 8bf5dd59954c…
pcr.zh-CN.md182 KB · 1580251a82e6…
structured.yaml202 KB · e063d305b0b3…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule
`boundary_species_lock`	foreground_system_boundary	A data package shall contain exactly one declared botanical species and one final product style; cross-species and cross-style averaging is prohibited.
`boundary_route_lock`	foreground_system_boundary	Include only operations actually performed for the declared batch or homogeneous production campaign, and mark every conditional process as applicable or not applicable with evidence.
`boundary_foreground_gate`	foreground_system_boundary	Collect facility operations from raw-material receipt through packaged-product release; model cultivation, inbound transport, purchased-input production, distribution, use, and end-of-life through linked datasets when required by the study.
`boundary_internal_transfer`	foreground_system_boundary	Internal intermediate transfers may be consolidated in the factory-gate process, but stage input, loss, waste, and emission records shall remain traceable to the process map and mass balance.

Allocation rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule
`allocation_avoid_first`	foreground_burden_allocation	Use species-, style-, batch-, and stage-specific meters and records to avoid allocation. Never allocate one species' material losses or direct emissions to another species.
`allocation_shared_utilities`	foreground_burden_allocation	When a meter serves multiple products, allocate only with a contemporaneous causal driver such as measured operating time multiplied by equipment load, delivered heat, or treated volume; disclose the driver, period, and residual. Production-mass allocation is allowed only when no more causal record exists and shall be flagged.
`allocation_rework`	foreground_burden_allocation	Material returned to the same process as documented rework is an internal loop and is not reported as waste or co-product; record rework mass to close the stage balance.
`allocation_residue_status`	foreground_burden_allocation	Screenings, captured dust, off-specification product, packaging scrap, sludge, and screen rejects remain waste unless a documented recipient, specification, and economic transaction demonstrate a co-product function. Report each species or material separately.
`allocation_no_cross_style_average`	foreground_burden_allocation	Whole, cut, broken, cracked, ground, powdered, and otherwise processed styles shall not share averaged yield, energy, loss, or packaging data unless the actual campaign produces an inseparable single declared style.

Validation rules · 12

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule
`validate_reference_identity`	foreground_dataset_conformance	The reference flow UUID, Mass property UUID, Units-of-mass UUID, 1 kg amount, CPC 23924 identity, and required qualifiers shall all be present and consistent.
`validate_one_species_style`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Exactly one of the seven named species and one final style shall be active; reject a dataset that averages species or whole/cut/broken/cracked/ground/powdered styles.
`validate_atomic_exchange`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Every inventory card shall contain one concrete material, carrier, fuel, refrigerant, packaging component, waste stream, pollutant, or emission; reject category labels and selection instructions.
`validate_route_closure`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Washing, controlled drying, microbial reduction, milling, refrigerated storage, liquid sanitation, and on-site wastewater treatment shall each have an applicability decision supported by records.
`validate_uuid_gate`	foreground_dataset_conformance	The reference product UUID is the only populated Selected-flow UUID in this candidate; every other UUID shall remain blank until hybrid search and public state-100 direct read both confirm exact semantics.
`validate_quantity_provenance`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Every applicable quantity shall be foreground_record or calculated_value from collected records, except the fixed 1 kg reference output; reject uncited defaults, ranges, and undocumented estimates.
`validate_mass_balance`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Species-specific input, moisture change, additives, product, rework, screenings, captured dust, rejected material, and work in progress shall close within the facility's documented measurement uncertainty; explain and correct material residuals.
`validate_energy_separation`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Electricity, purchased steam, purchased hot water, natural gas, diesel, LPG, and kerosene shall remain separate stage records; reject a combined energy or fuel total.
`validate_refrigerant_balance`	foreground_dataset_conformance	For every active R717, R744, or R290 system, makeup and direct air loss shall reconcile to opening, closing, and recovered charge records without mixing refrigerants.
`validate_wastewater_loads`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Each reported COD, BOD5, TOC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TSS, and chloride load shall use time-matched flow and concentration records and shall remain a separate emission.
`validate_packaging_exclusion`	foreground_dataset_conformance	Packaging inputs and scrap shall be complete by material, but no packaging mass may be included in the 1 kg net reference product.
`validate_bilingual_alignment`	foreground_dataset_conformance	English and Chinese process IDs, row IDs, ordered machine tokens, selected-flow identities, UUIDs, protocols, rule IDs, and source IDs shall match exactly.

Processes and inputs/outputs · 9

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`receipt_and_identity_control`	Receipt, identity control, and initial sorting	8	12
`dry_cleaning_grading`	Dry cleaning, grading, and foreign-material removal	2	21
`wet_washing_draining`	Wet washing and draining	2	7
`controlled_drying_cooling`	Controlled drying and cooling	11	17
`microbial_reduction`	Microbial-reduction treatment	5	1
`crushing_grinding_sieving`	Crushing, grinding, and sieving	4	21
`packaging_storage_release`	Packaging, controlled storage, and release	14	21
`cleaning_sanitation`	Equipment and area cleaning and sanitation	7	4
`onsite_wastewater_treatment`	On-site wastewater treatment	15	10

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Anise, badian, coriander, cumin, caraway, fennel and juniper berries, processed

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Receipt, identity control, and initial sorting (receipt_and_identity_control)

Inputs

Product flows

Anise raw material (anise_material_input)

Star anise raw material (star_anise_material_input)

Coriander raw material (coriander_material_input)

Cumin raw material (cumin_material_input)

Caraway raw material (caraway_material_input)

Sweet fennel raw material (fennel_material_input)

Juniper raw material (juniper_material_input)

Receipt electricity (receipt_electricity_input)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Used jute sack (receipt_jute_sack_waste)

Used polypropylene woven sack (receipt_pp_sack_waste)

Used polyethylene bag liner (receipt_pe_liner_waste)

Rejected anise fruit (rejected_anise_material)

Rejected star anise fruit (rejected_star_anise_material)

Rejected coriander fruit (rejected_coriander_material)

Rejected cumin fruit (rejected_cumin_material)

Rejected caraway fruit (rejected_caraway_material)

Rejected sweet fennel fruit (rejected_fennel_material)

Rejected juniper berries (rejected_juniper_material)

Separated stones (foreign_stone_waste)

Separated ferrous metal (foreign_metal_waste)

Elementary flows

Process: Dry cleaning, grading, and foreign-material removal (dry_cleaning_grading)

Inputs

Product flows

Dry-cleaning electricity (dry_cleaning_electricity_input)

Dry-cleaning compressed air (dry_cleaning_compressed_air_input)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Anise cleaning screenings (anise_cleaning_screenings)

Star anise cleaning screenings (star_anise_cleaning_screenings)

Coriander cleaning screenings (coriander_cleaning_screenings)

Cumin cleaning screenings (cumin_cleaning_screenings)

Caraway cleaning screenings (caraway_cleaning_screenings)

Sweet fennel cleaning screenings (fennel_cleaning_screenings)

Juniper cleaning screenings (juniper_cleaning_screenings)

Captured anise dust (captured_anise_cleaning_dust)

Captured star anise dust (captured_star_anise_cleaning_dust)

Captured coriander dust (captured_coriander_cleaning_dust)

Captured cumin dust (captured_cumin_cleaning_dust)

Captured caraway dust (captured_caraway_cleaning_dust)

Captured sweet fennel dust (captured_fennel_cleaning_dust)

Captured juniper dust (captured_juniper_cleaning_dust)

Elementary flows

Anise dust to air (anise_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Star anise dust to air (star_anise_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Coriander dust to air (coriander_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Cumin dust to air (cumin_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Caraway dust to air (caraway_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Sweet fennel dust to air (fennel_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Juniper dust to air (juniper_cleaning_dust_to_air)

Process: Wet washing and draining (wet_washing_draining)

Inputs

Product flows

Potable washing water (washing_water_input)

Washing electricity (washing_electricity_input)

Waste flows

Process: Receipt, identity control, and initial sorting (`receipt_and_identity_control`)

Anise raw material (`anise_material_input`)

Star anise raw material (`star_anise_material_input`)

Coriander raw material (`coriander_material_input`)

Cumin raw material (`cumin_material_input`)

Caraway raw material (`caraway_material_input`)

Sweet fennel raw material (`fennel_material_input`)

Juniper raw material (`juniper_material_input`)

Receipt electricity (`receipt_electricity_input`)

Used jute sack (`receipt_jute_sack_waste`)

Used polypropylene woven sack (`receipt_pp_sack_waste`)

Used polyethylene bag liner (`receipt_pe_liner_waste`)

Rejected anise fruit (`rejected_anise_material`)

Rejected star anise fruit (`rejected_star_anise_material`)

Rejected coriander fruit (`rejected_coriander_material`)

Rejected cumin fruit (`rejected_cumin_material`)

Rejected caraway fruit (`rejected_caraway_material`)

Rejected sweet fennel fruit (`rejected_fennel_material`)

Rejected juniper berries (`rejected_juniper_material`)

Separated stones (`foreign_stone_waste`)

Separated ferrous metal (`foreign_metal_waste`)

Process: Dry cleaning, grading, and foreign-material removal (`dry_cleaning_grading`)

Dry-cleaning electricity (`dry_cleaning_electricity_input`)

Dry-cleaning compressed air (`dry_cleaning_compressed_air_input`)

Anise cleaning screenings (`anise_cleaning_screenings`)

Star anise cleaning screenings (`star_anise_cleaning_screenings`)

Coriander cleaning screenings (`coriander_cleaning_screenings`)

Cumin cleaning screenings (`cumin_cleaning_screenings`)

Caraway cleaning screenings (`caraway_cleaning_screenings`)

Sweet fennel cleaning screenings (`fennel_cleaning_screenings`)

Juniper cleaning screenings (`juniper_cleaning_screenings`)

Captured anise dust (`captured_anise_cleaning_dust`)

Captured star anise dust (`captured_star_anise_cleaning_dust`)

Captured coriander dust (`captured_coriander_cleaning_dust`)

Captured cumin dust (`captured_cumin_cleaning_dust`)

Captured caraway dust (`captured_caraway_cleaning_dust`)

Captured sweet fennel dust (`captured_fennel_cleaning_dust`)

Captured juniper dust (`captured_juniper_cleaning_dust`)

Anise dust to air (`anise_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Star anise dust to air (`star_anise_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Coriander dust to air (`coriander_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Cumin dust to air (`cumin_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Caraway dust to air (`caraway_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Sweet fennel dust to air (`fennel_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Juniper dust to air (`juniper_cleaning_dust_to_air`)

Process: Wet washing and draining (`wet_washing_draining`)

Potable washing water (`washing_water_input`)

Washing electricity (`washing_electricity_input`)

Anise washing wastewater (`anise_washing_wastewater`)

Star anise washing wastewater (`star_anise_washing_wastewater`)

Coriander washing wastewater (`coriander_washing_wastewater`)

Cumin washing wastewater (`cumin_washing_wastewater`)

Caraway washing wastewater (`caraway_washing_wastewater`)

Sweet fennel washing wastewater (`fennel_washing_wastewater`)

Juniper washing wastewater (`juniper_washing_wastewater`)

Process: Controlled drying and cooling (`controlled_drying_cooling`)

Drying electricity (`drying_electricity_input`)

Purchased drying steam (`drying_steam_input`)

Purchased drying hot water (`drying_hot_water_input`)

Natural gas for dryer (`dryer_natural_gas_input`)

Diesel for dryer (`dryer_diesel_input`)

Liquefied petroleum gas for dryer (`dryer_lpg_input`)

Kerosene for dryer (`dryer_kerosene_input`)

Dry firewood for smoke dryer (`dryer_firewood_input`)

Ammonia refrigerant makeup (`drying_r717_makeup_input`)

Carbon dioxide refrigerant makeup (`drying_r744_makeup_input`)

Propane refrigerant makeup (`drying_r290_makeup_input`)

Fossil carbon dioxide from dryer combustion (`dryer_fossil_co2_to_air`)

Biogenic carbon dioxide from dryer combustion (`dryer_biogenic_co2_to_air`)

Carbon monoxide from dryer combustion (`dryer_co_to_air`)

Nitrogen oxides from dryer combustion (`dryer_nox_to_air`)

Sulfur oxides from dryer combustion (`dryer_sox_to_air`)

PM10 from dryer combustion (`dryer_pm10_to_air`)

PM2.5 from dryer combustion (`dryer_pm25_to_air`)

Ammonia refrigerant to air (`drying_r717_to_air`)

Carbon dioxide refrigerant to air (`drying_r744_to_air`)

Propane refrigerant to air (`drying_r290_to_air`)

Anise drying dust to air (`anise_drying_dust_to_air`)

Star anise drying dust to air (`star_anise_drying_dust_to_air`)

Coriander drying dust to air (`coriander_drying_dust_to_air`)