Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk of other animals

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers butter, dairy spreads, butterfat, anhydrous milkfat, butter oil, ghee, and other milk-derived fats or oils whose milk source is an animal other than cattle or buffalo. It applies to natural, canned, melted, fractionated, recombined, resolidified, salted, and comparable market states when the declared product remains a milk fat product. The producing data package shall identify every source species and retain auditable farm, supplier, receiving, or chain-of-custody evidence linking each milk-derived input to that species.

The category is a residual species gate. Products derived from cattle milk are excluded as CPC 22241, and products derived from buffalo milk are excluded as CPC 22242. A product with an unknown species, a mixed-species input that does not disclose every species, or a classification claim without auditable species evidence shall be assigned manual_review; it shall not be represented as conforming to this PCR. Non-dairy fat substitutes and products in which a non-milk constituent replaces milk fat are excluded. Product identity and naming follow the applicable definitions in CXS 279-1971, CXS 280-1973, and CXS 206-1999, but their composition limits and quality specifications are not default LCI amounts.

The foreground gate begins with receipt of declared other-animal milk, cream, butter, milkfat, or another auditable milk-derived feedstock and ends with the unpackaged product at the factory gate, or with the packaged product at the declared dispatch gate when packaging and storage are included. Upstream animal husbandry and milk production require linked datasets and are not silently absorbed into foreground manufacturing records.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.dairy-products-and-egg-products.butter-and-other-fats-and-oils-derived-from-milk-of-other-animals
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 22249, Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk of other animals
covered_products	Butter, dairy spread, butterfat, anhydrous milkfat, butter oil, ghee, and other fats or oils derived from milk of animals other than cattle or buffalo; natural, canned, melted, fractionated, recombined, resolidified, salted, and comparable market states
excluded_products	Cattle-milk products (CPC 22241); buffalo-milk products (CPC 22242); unknown or unaudited source species; non-dairy substitutes; products whose non-milk constituents replace milk fat
representative_product	One declared market-ready butter or milkfat product from an identified non-cattle, non-buffalo source species
production_route	Receipt and verification of other-animal milk-derived feedstock, route-specific fat separation or concentration, butter working or milkfat clarification, optional formulation, packaging, and storage
market_state	Unpackaged factory-gate product or packaged dispatch-gate product, with species, product form, composition basis, packaging state, and storage condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A declared butter or other fat or oil derived exclusively from milk or milk products of identified animals other than cattle or buffalo
How much	1 kg net product at the declared gate
How well	Meets the declared product identity and market specification; records source species, product form, fat and moisture measurement basis where relevant, and packaging and storage state
How long or cycle	One production lot delivered at the declared factory or dispatch gate; no use-duration function is assigned
reference_flow_link	The Tiangong product flow identified below, qualified by source species, product form, route, composition basis, gate, packaging state, and storage condition

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk of other animals 57b3e5ff-3686-4435-96b5-9c09b765a0ac
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	source animal species for every milk-derived input; species evidence reference; product form; production route; fat and moisture measurement basis where applicable; salted or unsalted state where applicable; gate; packaging state; storage condition; geography; production period; lot or campaign identifier

When constructing a foreground data package, every item in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing source-species identity or evidence triggers manual_review; other missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Express the net reference product as kg at the declared gate; tare packaging unless the study explicitly models packaged gross mass as a separate flow.
lot_mass_balance	milk-derived feedstocks, products, co-products, losses, and recovered residues	Mass	kg	Preserve measured lot or campaign masses and their moisture or composition bases; normalize only after the mass-balance period and reference-product output are fixed.
energy_carrier_separation	purchased electricity, purchased heat, and on-site fuels	Energy or mass/volume appropriate to the carrier	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3	Keep electricity, purchased thermal energy, and each combusted fuel as separate records; document conversions and do not combine unlike energy carriers into an undocumented total.
water_stream_separation	process water, cleaning water, recovered water, and wastewater	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Use one consistent density or direct measurement basis for conversion and keep reused water distinct from fresh intake and discharged wastewater.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
species_scope_gate	product identity and every milk-derived input	Include only products with auditable evidence that every source animal is neither cattle nor buffalo. Unknown species, incomplete mixed-species disclosure, or unaudited classification evidence requires manual_review.	unsd-cpc-3-0-22249; codex-cxs-206-1999
foreground_unit_operations	declared manufacturing route	Include receiving and cold storage, fat separation or concentration when performed, churning and working for butter routes, heating, clarification, dehydration, fractionation, recombination, resolidification or flavour development when performed, direct process utilities, cleaning, product recovery, wastewater handling, and on-site waste handling.	codex-cxs-279-1971; codex-cxs-280-1973; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
upstream_linkage	purchased milk-derived feedstocks, ingredients, packaging, energy, water, chemicals, and transport	Record each purchased input as a visible product flow and link it to a geographically and technologically representative upstream dataset; do not replace supplier activity data with a composition limit or BAT performance level.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
direct_emissions_and_wastes	foreground site	Record measured or calculated direct emissions, wastewater streams, product losses, residues, and wastes generated by included operations, together with treatment route and data provenance.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279
packaging_and_storage_gate	packaged dispatch-gate product	Include primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging plus storage or refrigeration only when they occur before the declared gate; otherwise disclose their exclusion.	eu-pef-2021-2279
no_silent_cutoff	foreground inventory	Record all known inputs and outputs. Any exclusion shall be explicitly justified, quantified where possible, and reported as a data gap or downstream study-specific cut-off rather than silently omitted from the foreground package.	eu-pef-2021-2279

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	receipt of an auditable species-identified milk-derived feedstock at the manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	foreground manufacturing entry point and species-identity control point
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 22249 only; cattle-derived CPC 22241 and buffalo-derived CPC 22242 are excluded
recursive_input_rule	A purchased input already belonging to this PCR category remains an explicit product input with its own upstream dataset; do not recursively recreate its manufacturing inside the consuming process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link milk production or prior milkfat-product manufacture, ingredients, packaging, energy, water, chemicals, and transport to representative upstream datasets with source species and gate compatibility disclosed.
disclosure	Declare source species and evidence, input form, product form, production route, foreground gate, included unit operations, packaging and storage state, geography, production period, allocation method, and every exclusion or data gap.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
milkfat_product_manufacturing	Other-animal milkfat product manufacturing	required		foreground manufacturing from received species-identified feedstock through unpackaged product	1 kg unpackaged reference product
packaging_and_dispatch_storage	Packaging and dispatch storage	conditional	Include when packaging or post-packaging storage occurs before the declared reference gate.	foreground finishing and dispatch	1 kg packaged reference product

Process: Other-animal milkfat product manufacturing (milkfat_product_manufacturing)

Inputs

Product flows

Species-identified milk-derived feedstock (milk_derived_feedstock_input)

Record each received milk, cream, butter, milkfat, or other milk-derived feedstock separately by source species, supplier lot, product form, composition basis, and upstream dataset. Cattle, buffalo, unknown, and unaudited inputs fail the category gate.

• Selected flow: Other-animal milk, cream, butter, milkfat, or route-specific milk-derived feedstock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted mass for each received lot, corrected only to the declared measurement basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources:

Ingredients and processing aids (ingredients_and_processing_aids)

Record salt, starter culture, permitted formulation ingredients, and processing aids actually consumed by the declared route. A Codex permission or composition specification establishes product identity only and is not an inventory amount.

• Selected flow: Route-specific ingredient or processing aid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issued quantity minus documented return or recovery for the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: codex-cxs-279-1971; codex-cxs-280-1973

Purchased electricity (manufacturing_electricity)

Record metered electricity used by receiving, separation, churning, working, heating, clarification, dehydration, fractionation, recombination, cooling, pumping, and directly attributable cleaning operations.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to the manufacturing site
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered consumption or documented allocation from a site meter for the covered lot or campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279

Thermal energy and on-site fuels (manufacturing_thermal_energy)

Record purchased steam or heat and each on-site fuel separately for the route and period. Preserve carrier, quantity, heating-value basis, boiler or heater attribution, and any heat recovery.

• Selected flow: Purchased heat, steam, or route-specific fuel
• Flow property / unit: Energy or carrier mass/volume / MJ, kWh, kg, or m3
• Amount rule: metered heat or measured fuel consumption attributable to the production lot or campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279

Process and cleaning water (process_and_cleaning_water)

Record fresh water entering product-contact operations, process steps, and cleaning separately from recovered or reused water. Preserve the measurement and reuse boundary.

• Selected flow: Water, route- and source-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: measured intake by source and use for the covered lot or campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_wastewater
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Cleaning and sanitation chemicals (cleaning_chemicals)

Record each cleaning or sanitation chemical actually consumed, including CIP dosing where applicable, without applying BAT dosing or performance values as default LCI.

• Selected flow: Cleaning or sanitation chemical, formulation-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issue, dosing-system record, or inventory reconciliation for the covered lot or campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Unpackaged reference milkfat product (unpackaged_reference_product)

Record the accepted net mass of the declared product form at the manufacturing gate. The selected Tiangong flow identity is fixed; lot-specific qualifiers establish whether a concrete dataset conforms to this residual species category.

• Selected flow: Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk of other animals 57b3e5ff-3686-4435-96b5-9c09b765a0ac
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted net product mass; normalize to 1 kg reference product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources:

Saleable co-products and recovered milk constituents (saleable_coproducts)

Record buttermilk, skimmed fractions, recovered milk solids, or other saleable outputs separately by measured mass and disposition. Do not classify a flow as a co-product solely to reduce burdens.

• Selected flow: Route-specific saleable co-product or recovered milk constituent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured quantity leaving the process as a product during the mass-balance period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Product losses and non-saleable residues (product_losses_and_residues)

Record spills, off-specification product, fat-bearing residues, filter residues, and other non-saleable material by measured or reconciled mass and actual treatment route.

• Selected flow: Route-specific product loss or residue to treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass or documented mass-balance difference investigated and assigned to a treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Manufacturing wastewater (manufacturing_wastewater)

Record segregated wastewater volume or mass, discharge or treatment destination, and monitored characteristics relevant to the facility. Recovered product and reused water shall not also be counted as discharged wastewater.

• Selected flow: Wastewater to declared treatment or discharge route
• Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg
• Amount rule: metered discharge or documented water-balance result for the covered lot or campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_wastewater
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Direct emissions from on-site energy and processing (direct_site_emissions)

Record measured emissions or calculate them from collected activity data and documented factors. Keep air, water, and soil compartments and substances distinct.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific elementary flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: direct measurement or calculation from collected fuel, process, and treatment activity data under calculate_direct_emissions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg unpackaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279

Process: Packaging and dispatch storage (packaging_and_dispatch_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Unpackaged milkfat product for packing (unpackaged_product_for_packing)

Transfer the measured unpackaged reference product into this process without duplicating production burdens.

• Selected flow: Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk of other animals 57b3e5ff-3686-4435-96b5-9c09b765a0ac
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net product mass entering packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources:

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record primary, secondary, and allocated tertiary packaging separately by material, recycled-content claim where relevant, supplier, and measured issue or bill of materials.

• Selected flow: Packaging material, material-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: product-specific bill of materials reconciled to packed saleable output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Packaging and storage electricity (packaging_storage_electricity)

Record packaging-line and pre-dispatch cold-storage electricity included before the declared gate, using metered or documented allocation records.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to packaging and dispatch storage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered consumption or documented allocation for the packed lot and declared storage interval
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged reference milkfat product (packaged_reference_product)

Record accepted net product mass at dispatch. Packaging mass remains a separate inventory input and is not included in the 1 kg net reference amount.

• Selected flow: Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk of other animals 57b3e5ff-3686-4435-96b5-9c09b765a0ac
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted net product mass at dispatch; normalize to 1 kg reference product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Packaging losses (packaging_losses)

Record rejected, damaged, or unused packaging leaving the process by material and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste, material-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass or packaging reconciliation for the packed lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packaged reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	route-specific operations and directly attributable flows	Subdivide unit operations, meters, lots, and cleaning records so directly attributable inputs, outputs, and emissions remain assigned to the product or co-product that causes them.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_relationship	inseparable multifunctional processes	When subdivision is not possible, use a documented and quantifiable physical relationship that reflects the function causing the shared flows; explain why it is relevant to the outputs.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_other_relationship_fallback	shared flows without a defensible physical relationship	Use another relationship, such as economic allocation, only after documenting why subdivision and physical allocation are not feasible; use lot-, campaign-, market-, and process-stage-specific quantities and values and disclose sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_no_universal_factor	butter, buttermilk, skim fractions, milk solids, residues, and other outputs	Do not apply one universal allocation factor across animal species, product forms, or routes. Codex composition limits, quality criteria, and EU BAT performance levels are not allocation factors or default LCI.	codex-cxs-279-1971; codex-cxs-280-1973; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
allocation_output_status	recovered material, residue, waste, and co-product classification	Classify each output from auditable disposition and economic or legal status at the process gate. A material treated as waste receives its actual treatment burdens; a saleable output remains a co-product subject to the declared allocation rule.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_species_identity	milkfat_product_manufacturing	source-species eligibility	supplier and receiving identity record	supplier lot; source species; farm or chain-of-custody reference; milk-derived input form; receipt date; accepted or rejected status	reconcile supplier declaration and auditable origin evidence to each received lot; route any unknown, cattle, buffalo, or conflicting result to manual review	not applicable	every received lot	full production period	all supplying origins and receiving sites	no aggregation across lots until every lot passes the species gate	signed supplier evidence, traceable origin record, receiving record, and review disposition
cp_material_balance	milkfat_product_manufacturing	milk-derived inputs, ingredients, product, co-products, and transfers	lot or campaign mass-balance record	lot id; material id; source species where milk-derived; input mass; output mass; return; recovery; loss; moisture or composition basis; timestamp	calibrated scale, tank measurement, production record, and inventory reconciliation	kg	each receipt, transfer, and output event	each production lot or homogeneous campaign	each manufacturing and packaging site	sum compatible records on one declared basis, investigate imbalance, then divide by accepted net reference-product mass	calibration record, lot genealogy, reconciliation approval, and basis-conversion record
cp_utility_records	milkfat_product_manufacturing	electricity, purchased heat, steam, and fuels	meter, invoice, or fuel issue record	meter id; carrier; opening and closing readings; fuel quantity; heating-value basis; production period; allocation key; recovered heat	submetering preferred; otherwise reconcile site meter or invoice to operating records using a documented causal allocation key	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3	continuous or each meter and fuel-reading interval	representative production period covering seasonal operation	each site and attributable utility system	aggregate by carrier and process, subtract documented exports or recovery, and normalize to accepted output	meter calibration, invoice reconciliation, operating-hour record, and allocation rationale
cp_water_and_wastewater	milkfat_product_manufacturing	fresh water, reused water, and wastewater	water meter, reuse log, and effluent record	source; meter readings; use area; reuse volume; discharge volume; destination; relevant pH, temperature, COD or TOC, nitrogen, phosphorus, chloride, conductivity, and solids where monitored	direct metering and monitoring at the most appropriate process or site level, supported by a water balance	kg or m3 and parameter-specific units	each meter interval and monitoring event	representative production period	each site, water source, reuse loop, and discharge point	keep fresh, reused, and discharged streams distinct; aggregate compatible records and normalize to accepted output	meter calibration, laboratory method, sampling record, and water-balance closure
cp_cleaning_records	milkfat_product_manufacturing	cleaning and sanitation chemicals	CIP or sanitation batch record	chemical identity; concentration; dose; water volume; temperature; conductivity or pH where used; cycle id; equipment; recovered or discharged quantity	dosing-system log, stock reconciliation, and CIP control record	kg and m3	every cleaning cycle or reconciled campaign	representative production period	each cleaning circuit and site	aggregate actual chemical and water use by included equipment and normalize to accepted output	dosing calibration, stock reconciliation, CIP trend, and exception log
cp_waste_records	milkfat_product_manufacturing	product losses, residues, and waste	waste transfer and production-loss record	material identity; source operation; mass; product or waste status; treatment route; transporter or receiver; date	scale record, inventory reconciliation, and waste transfer documentation	kg	every event or container dispatch	representative production period	each site and treatment route	aggregate by material and route, exclude recovered product already returned to process, and normalize to accepted output	scale calibration, transfer note, receiver evidence, and loss investigation
cp_direct_emissions	milkfat_product_manufacturing	direct air, water, and soil emissions	measurement or emission-calculation record	substance; compartment; measured value or activity data; factor; factor source; control device; operating state; time interval	direct measurement where available, otherwise calculation from collected activity data using a documented factor	kg and parameter-specific units	each monitoring or activity-data interval	representative production period including normal variability	each emission point and site	calculate each substance and compartment separately, aggregate compatible intervals, and normalize to accepted output	analytical report, instrument calibration, activity record, factor provenance, and calculation review
cp_packaging_records	packaging_and_dispatch_storage	packaging inputs and losses	product-specific bill of materials and packaging reconciliation	material; component; supplier; issued mass; packed units; returned mass; rejected mass; treatment route; recycled-content evidence where claimed	bill of materials reconciled to warehouse issue, packed output, returns, and waste records	kg	each packed lot or packaging campaign	representative production period	each packaging site and line	aggregate by material and component and normalize to accepted net product mass	approved bill of materials, supplier specification, stock reconciliation, and waste record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_mass	all foreground quantities	normalized quantity = compatible-period quantity / accepted net kg of declared reference product	cp_material_balance plus the applicable collection protocol	quantity per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
close_material_balance	milk-derived materials, ingredients, products, co-products, recovered materials, and losses	compare total input mass on declared bases with total output, recovery, evaporation or removed water, and loss mass; investigate and disclose unexplained imbalance before normalization	cp_material_balance; cp_waste_records	reviewed lot or campaign mass balance and disclosed residual
calculate_direct_emissions	direct site emissions not continuously measured	emission by substance and compartment = collected activity quantity multiplied by the documented applicable factor, adjusted only by evidenced control efficiency	cp_direct_emissions; cp_utility_records; cp_water_and_wastewater	kg elementary flow per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
allocate_shared_inventory	shared foreground inputs and emissions	apply the declared allocation hierarchy: subdivision first, then a relevant physical relationship, then a justified other relationship; retain numerator, denominator, period, and sensitivity data	process records; co-product quantities; allocation driver records	allocated quantity per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_species_traceability	every milk-derived input	Retain species evidence linked to each supplier lot. Unknown, conflicting, cattle, buffalo, or incompletely disclosed mixed-species evidence requires manual_review and prevents automatic PCR conformity.	cp_species_identity; supplier declaration; farm or chain-of-custody record; unsd-cpc-3-0-22249; codex-cxs-206-1999
dq_technological_representativeness	route and product form	Data shall represent the actual butter, dairy-spread, anhydrous milkfat, butter-oil, ghee, fractionation, recombination, or other declared route; proxy routes and omitted unit operations shall be disclosed.	process flow sheet, equipment list, lot genealogy, and eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_temporal_and_geographical_coverage	all foreground records	Report production period, geography, operating days, seasonal coverage, and abnormal exclusions; justify why the records represent the declared product and site.	dated source records and eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_completeness_and_consistency	foreground inventory	Include all known inputs and outputs, use compatible mass and energy bases, close material and water balances, and document every exclusion, estimate, proxy, and unresolved gap.	reviewed balances, protocol coverage report, and eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_measurement_quality	meters, scales, laboratory results, and calculations	Retain calibration, sampling, analytical method, factor provenance, calculation version, and reviewer evidence appropriate to each record.	calibration certificates, laboratory reports, calculation workbook, and eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_uuid	reference flow	The reference product flow UUID shall be 57b3e5ff-3686-4435-96b5-9c09b765a0ac, the Mass property UUID shall be 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, the Units of mass UUID shall be 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and the reference unit shall be kg.
validate_species_gate	product and milk-derived inputs	Confirm auditable source-species evidence for every milk-derived lot and confirm that no source is cattle or buffalo. Unknown, incomplete, or conflicting evidence returns manual_review rather than automatic conformity.	unsd-cpc-3-0-22249; codex-cxs-206-1999
validate_product_identity	declared product form	Confirm that the product remains milk-derived butter or another milkfat product consistent with the declared Codex identity; do not use Codex composition limits or quality values as LCI quantities.	codex-cxs-279-1971; codex-cxs-280-1973; codex-cxs-206-1999
validate_boundary_and_route	foreground process map	Confirm that every unit operation actually performed before the declared gate is included, that purchased inputs have upstream links, and that packaging and storage inclusion matches the gate declaration.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
validate_inventory_provenance	inventory rows	Confirm that every non-zero foreground amount resolves to a collection record or documented calculation and that no BAT performance value, Codex composition limit, or unsupported generic number is used as a default LCI.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; codex-cxs-279-1971; codex-cxs-280-1973
validate_balances_and_double_counting	material, water, energy, recovery, and transfer records	Confirm balance-period compatibility, investigate unexplained residuals, and verify that reused water, recovered product, internal transfers, and recursive same-category inputs are not double counted.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_allocation	multifunctional processes	Confirm the allocation hierarchy, driver, period, quantities, disposition evidence, and sensitivity disclosure; reject universal factors applied across species or routes without evidence.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_data_quality	publication candidate	Confirm species traceability, route representativeness, geography, time coverage, completeness, calibration, analytical methods, source documentation, and disclosure of estimates, proxies, exclusions, and data gaps.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground unit-process data package for manufacture of a declared other-animal milkfat product
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset; process and lifecyclemodel projections after validation
allowed_use	Products demonstrably within CPC 3.0 22249 with matching source species, product form, production route, geography, period, gate, packaging state, storage condition, and allocation method
excluded_use	Cattle-derived CPC 22241; buffalo-derived CPC 22242; unknown or unaudited species; non-dairy substitutes; undisclosed mixed-species products; routes or gates materially different from the represented system
required_metadata	PCR id; reference UUIDs; source species and evidence references; product form; route; composition measurement basis where relevant; gate; packaging and storage state; geography; period; lot or campaign; process map; upstream links; allocation method
required_quality_disclosure	Protocol coverage; technological, geographical, and temporal representativeness; completeness; calibration and analytical evidence; mass and water balance; allocation rationale; treatment routes; estimates, proxies, exclusions, unresolved gaps, and manual-review disposition
update_trigger	Change in source species or evidence chain, product form, route, site, technology, formulation, allocation driver, gate, packaging, storage, upstream dataset, measurement basis, data period, or any material source or regulatory requirement

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-22249	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, subclass 22249, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Category identity, included product forms, residual other-animal species gate, and explicit exclusion of cattle 22241 and buffalo 22242
codex-cxs-279-1971	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 279-1971, Standard for Butter, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20279-1971/CXS_279e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Butter identity, milk-derived raw-material boundary, and route-relevant ingredient context; composition and quality values are not used as default LCI
codex-cxs-280-1973	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 280-1973, Standard for Milkfat Products, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20280-1973/CXS_280e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Anhydrous milkfat, milkfat, butter-oil, and ghee identity and process-boundary interpretation; composition and quality values are not used as default LCI
codex-cxs-206-1999	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 206-1999, General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20206-1999/CXS_206e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Milk-product definitions, source-animal declaration, dairy-term identity, and mixed-species disclosure gate
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Functional unit and reference-flow framing, company-specific data, system boundary, upstream datasets, multifunctionality hierarchy, completeness, data quality, verification, packaging, and transparent cut-off disclosure
eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Process-level collection of water, energy, raw materials, wastewater, waste gas, residues, monitoring, and cleaning records; BAT performance levels are not used as default LCI