Sunflower seed

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR makes a foreground package for whole sunflower seed produced by a managed field crop and transferred at a declared point within the farm. It covers oilseed, confection/non-oil, and bird-food market classes as whole seed. The platform reference is “Production mix, in the farm” and “Production of sunflower seeds”. This does not establish an at-farm-gate, cleaned, dried, or graded state. Each package must record its real hand-off and all preceding on-farm operations. NDSU identifies distinct market types and field, harvest, drying and grading practices. [ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020]

Oil, meal, dehulled kernels, roasted seed, off-farm processing and transport are outside this record. Sowing-seed production needs its own verified output identity; a sowing-seed supply mix at farm input is not a harvested output. The proposed CPC relation is narrower than the whole leaf if it also includes seed for sowing. [unsd-cpc-3-2025]

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.sunflower-seed
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 01445 Sunflower seed; narrower whole-commodity route; mapping relation: narrower
covered_products	Whole sunflower seed for oil, confection/food and bird-food markets at a documented in-farm hand-off
excluded_products	Sowing seed under an unverified output identity; oil, meal, kernels, roasted seed
representative_product	Whole harvested sunflower seed, actual accepted mass
production_route	Managed field crop; head/seed harvest and threshing; conditional on-farm first cleaning, grading, drying and storage
market_state	Market class, grade, foreign matter, moisture and hand-off are lot-specific rather than implied by the platform flow

The managed crop is the production parent. Irrigated fields add water, pump energy and meter records to the rainfed field inventory; the two routes are mutually exclusive per field/period, though separately identified fields can be aggregated. First conditioning is the parent of natural-air and heated drying routes; these may be sequential for a lot only when separately logged. Heated drying changes energy and moisture-removal records. Oilseed and confection types are distinct market classes, not grades to pool without evidence. [ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020; ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022]

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Whole sunflower seed at the actual in-farm output hand-off
How much	1 kg actual accepted whole-seed mass
How well	Declare oilseed, confection/non-oil or bird-food class, grade/acceptance rule, measured moisture and foreign matter; no inferred cleaning or storage grade
How long or cycle	Identified crop year, field and lot; every included conditioning run is traceable
reference_flow_link	reference_product_at_declared_handoff

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Sunflower seed; production mix “in the farm”
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	farm and field; crop year and lot; oilseed/confection/bird-food class; variety where known; measured harvest and hand-off moisture; grade and foreign matter; actual hand-off; harvest, cleaning, grading, drying and storage scope; irrigated or rainfed route

Measurement basis qualifier: 1 kg actual mass; dry-mass or standardized-moisture quantities are separate declared calculations

Each foreground dataset must explicitly select one actual route, declared gate, product state and output row. Reconcile the selected terminal route with reference_product_at_declared_handoff; normalize that handoff output to the reference quantity and retain preceding-stage outputs as measured transfers. Raw weighing, mass reconciliation and lot traceability requirements continue to apply.

The sole reference output is reference_product_at_declared_handoff, receiving the selected actual route product at the declared gate. Existing route-output ids identify the source and physical state; they are no longer individually fixed to the reference quantity.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	All seed state transfers	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use weighed actual mass and moisture at each transfer; record conversion to dry solids separately.
wet_dry_balance	Drying	Mass	kg	Dry solids = wet mass × (1 − measured wet-basis moisture fraction); reconcile input and output dry solids with rejects.
input_units	Nutrients, energy and water	Appropriate measured property	kg, L, kWh or m3	Keep original unit and document product-to-nutrient, fuel-to-energy, or water-volume conversions.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Pre-sowing field in a stated rotation and documented opening soil condition; identify purchased inputs and field operations from preparation through harvest
starting_condition_role	Crop establishment is the foreground start; purchased seed, fertilizer, crop protection, fuel and electricity carry upstream datasets
product_classification_scope	Whole commodity seed in the narrower CPC 01445 route, with oilseed and non-oil classes separated
recursive_input_rule	Purchased sunflower sowing seed is an upstream input; never recursively assign this output dataset to itself
upstream_dataset_requirement	Identify upstream supply datasets for sowing seed, nutrients, crop protection, fuel, electricity and services; disclose gaps
disclosure	Field and crop year, market class, actual in-farm hand-off, treatment and storage coverage, water route, residue fate

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
b_field	sunflower_cultivation	Include seedbed preparation, planting, nutrient/protection management, irrigated water and pumping when practiced, and machinery up to mature heads ready for harvest.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
b_harvest	sunflower_harvest	Separate head/seed capture and threshing from standing crop production; record collected bulk seed, uncollected loss and incidental stalk/head material distinctly.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
b_treatment	sunflower_cleaning, sunflower_grading, sunflower_drying	Include first cleaning, sorting and stabilization only if actually performed before hand-off; log accepted, downgraded, reject, moisture-loss and storage states.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020; ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022
b_exit	Final output	End at the declared in-farm whole-seed transfer. Exclude off-farm movement and oil/food processing; do not reinterpret “in the farm” as “at farm gate”.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
sunflower_cultivation	Field crop management	required	Each field and crop year	Managed biological production; rainfed or irrigated	Field records per accepted kg
sunflower_harvest	Head and seed capture	required	Each harvest lot	Independent harvest and threshing	Collected seed and field loss
sunflower_cleaning	First cleaning	conditional	Performed before hand-off	Raw bulk to prepared whole seed	Inlet/outlet kg
sunflower_grading	Market-class sorting	conditional	Two or more quality/destination states are separated	Accepted, downgraded and rejected output hand-offs	kg by grade and fate
sunflower_drying	On-farm preservation	conditional	Drying or active storage occurs before hand-off	Usable wet seed to stable measured-moisture state	Moisture, mass and energy by run
declared_reference_handoff	Product Measurement at Declared Handoff	required		foreground	reference_product_at_declared_handoff

Field and harvest are separate because harvest removes mature heads/seeds from the growing crop; first cleaning cannot be assumed to occur. Oilseed, confection and bird-food destinations require actual lot records. Continuous cleaners and dryers need operating periods, while field harvest and grade sorting need lot/run IDs. Changeovers, re-cleaning and sequential drying are recorded as linked runs; one input or output is counted once. [ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020; ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022]

Process: Field crop management (sunflower_cultivation)

Inputs

Product flows

Sowing seed input (sowing_seed_input)

The sowing seed used to establish this field enters cultivation as a purchased or retained input.

• Selected flow: Verified actual sowing-seed product identity; never the commodity output UUID.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Seed actually planted by field and event.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Broad provisional QA screen; replace with foreground records

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg seed/ha
  • Basis: one crop hectare; broad provisional mass screen across seed sizes and plant populations; use the measured seed lot
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Fertilizer, urea input (sunflower_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (sunflower_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (sunflower_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Cattle manure, as applied input (sunflower_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Agricultural limestone input (sunflower_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Required crop-protection records: before completing the foreground package, enumerate every actually applied formulated product separately, retaining trade name, active ingredient, salt or chemical form, concentration, density where needed, application quantity, date and treated area. Select one physically specific product identity per exchange. Derive active-substance releases separately by substance and receiving compartment. Missing formulation identity is a completeness gap; do not replace it with a generic pesticide, invented example, or assumed zero.

Irrigation water, groundwater input (irrigation_water)

Include this one exchange only when Irrigation water, groundwater is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water, groundwater

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Irrigation water, groundwater used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Diesel fuel input (field_fuel)

Include this one exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Electricity, medium voltage input (field_electricity)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per field and accepted seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field

Waste flows

No routine waste input; separately identify any recycled amendment.

Elementary flows

No fixed elementary input is assumed.

Outputs

Product flows

Mature heads in standing crop (mature_heads)

The mature standing crop is the biological hand-off to independent harvest.

• Selected flow: Internal biological state, not a sold seed UUID.

• Flow property / unit: Estimated seed mass / kg.

• Amount rule: Link field and crop year to the harvest lot; do not treat potential seed as market output.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per crop year..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Broad provisional QA screen; replace with foreground records

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg potential seed/ha
  • Basis: one crop hectare; provisional potential-seed screen before harvest loss, not marketed seed
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Stalks and heads retained on the field are field residues; removed material needs a measured exit and fate.

Elementary flows

No elementary-flow exchange is fixed without a named emission species and a justified method or factor. Field-level records retain each candidate species, method source and calculation inputs; add a separate species-specific exchange only when verified.

Process: Head and seed capture (sunflower_harvest)

Inputs

Product flows

Standing mature crop (standing_crop_input)

Mature heads pass from cultivation to the independent capture operation.

• Selected flow: Internal mature-head state, not a sold product.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg potential seed

• Amount rule: Link the producing field and crop year to the harvest lot.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per harvest lot..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Broad provisional QA screen; replace with foreground records

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg potential seed/ha
  • Basis: one crop hectare; provisional potential-seed screen before harvest loss, not marketed seed
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Diesel fuel input (harvest_fuel)

Include this one exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per bulk seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

Electricity, medium voltage input (harvest_electricity)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per bulk seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

Waste flows

No routine waste input.

Elementary flows

No fixed elementary input.

Outputs

Product flows

Bulk threshed whole seed (bulk_seed)

Collected bulk seed leaves harvest before any unverified cleaning or grading.

• Selected flow: Internal harvested seed state before any claimed cleaning or grading.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg. Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Weigh by field and lot; test moisture and foreign material.

• Amount rule: measured net transfer mass, retaining lot, actual product state and moisture basis; reconcile to the final reference output at the declared handoff

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per harvest lot..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Broad provisional QA screen; replace with foreground records

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg raw seed/ha
  • Basis: one harvested hectare; provisional broad captured-seed screen before first conditioning, replace with scale records
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Uncollected seed loss and stalk/head material retained on the field are recorded as field observations and residue fate in cp_harvest, not as an assumed waste exchange. If residue is physically removed, record the measured exit and independently classify its product or waste destination.

Elementary flows

No fixed elementary output.

Process: First cleaning (sunflower_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Bulk seed into first cleaner (bulk_seed_cleaner_input)

Collected bulk seed enters the first conditioning operation.

• Selected flow: Internal bulk whole-seed state.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Weigh inlet seed and test moisture and foreign matter by run.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per prepared seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_clean

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant material-transfer node; check actual moisture and any mixing before applying conservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity, medium voltage input (cleaner_electricity)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per prepared seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_clean

Diesel fuel input (cleaner_fuel)

Include this one exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per prepared seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_clean

Waste flows

No routine waste input.

Elementary flows

No fixed elementary input.

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared whole seed (clean_seed)

Prepared whole seed leaves the first cleaner for its documented next use.

• Selected flow: Internal cleaned whole-seed state, transferred to grading, drying or final in-farm hand-off.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg. Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Weigh cleaned mass and record moisture and foreign matter.

• Amount rule: measured net transfer mass, retaining lot, actual product state and moisture basis; reconcile to the final reference output at the declared handoff

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per cleaning run..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_clean

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant material-transfer node; check actual moisture and any mixing before applying conservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Screen-outs and dust (clean_reject)

Screen-outs leave the cleaner through a documented rework, downgrade or disposal route.

• Selected flow: Off-spec seed/debris by documented re-cleaning, downgraded sale or disposal fate.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg.

• Amount rule: Weigh or estimate removed material and link any return to a new run.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per cleaning run..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_clean

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant sorting or drying node; each reject, downgrade or moisture stream is a separate nonnegative part, sum must reconcile
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Report measured dust emission separately when relevant; do not equate all screen-outs with emitted dust.

Process: Market-class sorting (sunflower_grading)

Inputs

Product flows

Whole seed into sorter (grade_seed_input)

The identified bulk or prepared seed lot enters market-class grading.

• Selected flow: Internal whole-seed state with known lot.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Weigh inlet seed and retain its class and moisture.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per grading run..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant material-transfer node; check actual moisture and any mixing before applying conservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity, medium voltage input (sorter_electricity)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per graded seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade

Waste flows

No routine waste input.

Elementary flows

No fixed elementary input.

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted whole-seed grade (accepted_seed)

An accepted whole-seed grade leaves at the actual declared in-farm commodity hand-off.

• Selected flow: Sunflower seed a62436d6-249c-4ac3-b5f4-653d0f277519 at the declared in-farm commodity hand-off.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg. Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Weigh accepted oilseed, confection or bird-food class by actual grade, lot and moisture.

• Amount rule: measured net transfer mass, retaining lot, actual product state and moisture basis; reconcile to the final reference output at the declared handoff

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per accepted output kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant material-transfer node; check actual moisture and any mixing before applying conservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Downgraded saleable seed (downgraded_seed)

A separately saleable lower grade leaves for its recorded destination.

• Selected flow: Separate whole-seed product destination, not part of accepted reference mass.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg.

• Amount rule: Weigh each downgraded sale grade and document buyer or use.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per grading run..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant sorting or drying node; each reject, downgrade or moisture stream is a separate nonnegative part, sum must reconcile
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Rejected seed (grade_reject)

Off-spec seed is held for a documented return, recovery or final waste exit.

• Selected flow: Off-spec lot with re-sort, downgrade, recovery or disposal path.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg.

• Amount rule: Weigh rejects and identify destination and linked follow-on run; only final rejected material is a waste exit.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per grading run..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant sorting or drying node; each reject, downgrade or moisture stream is a separate nonnegative part, sum must reconcile
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No fixed elementary output.

Process: On-farm preservation (sunflower_drying)

Inputs

Product flows

Usable whole seed before drying (wet_seed_input)

Measured wet seed enters the bounded stabilization run.

• Selected flow: Internal whole-seed state with grade and lot identity.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Weigh inlet mass and test wet-basis moisture.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per stabilized seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dry

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant material-transfer node; check actual moisture and any mixing before applying conservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity, medium voltage input (drying_fan_electricity)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per stabilized seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dry

Diesel fuel input (drying_heat_fuel)

Include this one exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per stabilized seed kg..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dry

Waste flows

No routine waste input.

Elementary flows

Ambient air is a process medium; no fixed elementary quantity is imposed.

Outputs

Product flows

Stabilized whole seed (dry_seed)

Stabilized whole seed leaves with its measured moisture and declared hand-off.

• Selected flow: Whole seed at measured exit moisture and actual in-farm hand-off.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg. Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Weigh output, test moisture and retain class/grade; do not infer a universal target moisture.

• Amount rule: measured net transfer mass, retaining lot, actual product state and moisture basis; reconcile to the final reference output at the declared handoff

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per drying lot..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dry

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant material-transfer node; check actual moisture and any mixing before applying conservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Spoiled or rejected material (dry_reject)

Spoiled or rejected seed leaves through an identified recovery or disposal path.

• Selected flow: Off-spec seed by actual recovery or disposal fate, distinct from water removal.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg.

• Amount rule: Weigh rejected seed and record whether reworked or discarded.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per drying lot..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dry

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant sorting or drying node; each reject, downgrade or moisture stream is a separate nonnegative part, sum must reconcile
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Removed moisture (drying_water)

Water removed during drying is accounted separately from rejected seed.

• Selected flow: Water vapor only where required by the applicable inventory system.

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg.

• Amount rule: Determine supported evaporation on a closed water-mass control volume: incoming material water + actual added water + opening water stock - water in all accepted/co-product/reject/residue exits - separate liquid discharge/exports - closing water stock. Use measured wet mass times wet-basis moisture for each material stream, and compatible density for liquid volumes. Internal recirculation cancels. Retain actual rain/rewetting where relevant; total fresh/dry mass difference is not all water. Independently support all terms and the evaporation pathway; investigate an unexplained or negative balance rather than force it into a vapour release or clip it to zero. Keep water quantities distinct from dry-solids loss and other volatiles. Attribute and normalize the evidenced water release once using the original matched final reference.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: Per drying lot..

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_dry

• Sources: ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022

• Range: Mass-conservation QA check

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg linked incoming seed
  • Basis: per kg measured seed entering the relevant sorting or drying node; each reject, downgrade or moisture stream is a separate nonnegative part, sum must reconcile
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Product Measurement at the Declared Handoff (declared_reference_handoff)

This node records the actual product handoff at the existing system boundary for reconciliation and reference-quantity normalization. It adds no physical processing and does not presume drying, cooling, storage, packaging or transport. Each data package declares one actual route, one terminal product state, moisture or dry-matter basis, and gate. Feed only the accepted product delivered by that route at that gate into this node; do not add other routes as extra inputs. Record co-products separately and apply Section 7. Count preceding inputs, losses and emissions once. Normalize using the measured accepted net mass at the handoff; this measurement node changes neither mass, yield nor allocation.

Inputs

Product flows

Actual route product at handoff (actual_route_product_for_handoff)

Record the accepted product delivered by the actual terminal route and reconcile it with handoff weighing and lot records.

• Selected flow: Sunflower seed; production mix “in the farm”
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted net product mass at the actual handoff, normalized to the reference quantity; do not sum preceding-stage quantities, other routes or co-products
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_declared_reference_handoff
• Range: Handoff quantity normalization identity
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net handoff mass of the same state
  • Basis: normalization of the measured net mass of the same handoff state; not a physical-operation yield
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: declared-handoff-measurement-definition

Waste flows

This measurement node adds no waste inputs.

Elementary flows

This measurement node adds no resource inputs.

Outputs

Product flows

Reference product at declared handoff (reference_product_at_declared_handoff)

• Selected flow: Sunflower seed; production mix “in the farm”
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_declared_reference_handoff Confirm the product UUID independently for the actual state. Until confirmed, retain unresolved identity instead of inheriting a UUID from a preceding stage or another route.
• Range: Handoff quantity normalization identity
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net handoff mass of the same state
  • Basis: normalization of the measured net mass of the same handoff state; not a physical-operation yield
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: declared-handoff-measurement-definition

Waste flows

Record actual losses at the operation where they occur; do not duplicate them here.

Elementary flows

Record actual emissions at the operation where they occur; do not duplicate them here.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
a_field	Cultivation and harvest	Attribute joint field/harvest burdens to collected seed when residues remain in the field. A physically removed and marketed stalk/head output needs measured mass and a disclosed allocation basis; do not automatically give it zero burden.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
a_grade	Cleaning and grading	Reconcile accepted, downgraded, reworked and waste mass. Directly assign metered separable work to its output run; disclose a consistent measured driver for truly shared burdens when more than one saleable output exists.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
a_rework	Reject return	Link reject/re-cleaning loops to their original and follow-on run; charge added work once and count the material as accepted only after successful recovery.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
a_mode	Field, batch and continuous runs	Attribute shared machinery, cleaning and changeover to logged field/lot/period by recorded time, throughput or other causal driver; no duplicate charge across sequential runs.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_residual_precedence	remaining common burden with no specified primary branch	Resolve any study-specific joint-product instruction in this PCR that has no specified primary branch using this precedence; retain an already explicitly prescribed category-specific primary method. First directly assign separable output-specific activities. For the remaining common burden B, use a physical driver d_i only when measured operation or biological-service records demonstrate the causal consumption represented by that driver. A product being weighable, valuable or lower grade alone is insufficient; do not switch arbitrarily between area, time, mass and revenue. For comparable grades receiving the same common handling, measured processed mass is applicable only with the same service demand, state and moisture basis demonstrated. Share a_i=d_i/sum(d_j); B_i=Ba_i. If no defensible causal physical driver exists for that common operation, use gate- and period-matched economic shares a_i=(q_ip_i)/sum(q_j*p_j), with the complete independently intended output set, compatible quantity/price units, currency, representative prices and values before output-specific downstream processing. Missing price or denominator evidence makes the allocated result incomplete, not a zero-priced product or a single-output system. Report shares summing to one and sensitivity to a material alternative; an alternative is not an interchangeable primary result. Waste, retained residues and internal transfers receive no co-product share, while their attributable production/handling burdens remain with the producing saleable route. Retain unallocated physical quantities and mass balances separately. This branch gives no automatic substitution credit; any separately scoped substitution analysis retains the gross inventory and its actual displaced-function evidence.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

The quantity ranges on flow cards are review triggers before normalization, not inventory defaults or universal acceptance limits. Use actual field, lot and run records for amounts; investigate values outside provisional screens against route, region, units and measurement quality. Regional planting-rate examples are illustrative only.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_field	sunflower_cultivation	Inputs and irrigation	Field, invoice, application and meter logs	field_id, area, year, seed_kg, product_kg, nutrient_kg, water_m3, fuel_L, kWh, emission_species, emission_method, factor_source, date	Reconcile applications with invoices and meter reads; Raw aggregation and attribution: Sum by field and link to harvested lots	ha, kg, m3, L, kWh	Each event	Full crop year	Each field	per declared reference flow	Receipts, meter records and calculation factors
cp_harvest	sunflower_harvest	Capture and loss	Combine, scale and field notes	field_id, lot_id, date, bulk_kg, moisture_pct, foreign_matter_pct, loss, residue_fate, fuel_L	Weigh lots and measure condition; Raw aggregation and attribution: Sum distinct lots; link downstream	kg, %, L	Each harvest lot	Harvest period	Field and machine run	per declared reference flow	Scale ticket, moisture test, field observation
cp_clean	sunflower_cleaning	Prepared seed and screen-outs	Cleaner run log	lot_id, run_id, inlet_kg, outlet_kg, reject_kg, moisture_pct, kWh, reject_fate	Weigh inlet/outlet and meter service; Raw aggregation and attribution: Reconcile mass and linked returns	kg, %, kWh	Each run	All in-boundary runs	Farm cleaner	per declared reference flow	Scale and meter log
cp_grade	sunflower_grading	Quality/destination states	Sorting and sale records	lot_id, run_id, class, grade, accepted_kg, downgraded_kg, reject_kg, destination, return_link	Weigh by state and destination; Raw aggregation and attribution: Balance distinct states; avoid duplicate returns	kg	Each run	All in-boundary runs	Farm sorter	per declared reference flow	Grade sheet, sale and reject tickets
cp_dry	sunflower_drying	Preservation and water loss	Bin/dryer and meter log	lot_id, run_id, method, inlet_kg, inlet_moisture, outlet_kg, outlet_moisture, reject_kg, fan_kWh, fuel_L, days ; all inlet/outlet material water including rejects/residues; actual added/rain water; separate liquid exports; opening/closing water stock; wet-basis moisture/density; supported evaporation and uncertainty	Weigh/test before and after; meter energy; Raw aggregation and attribution: Balance dry solids and sum sequential stages once	kg, %, kWh, L, day	Each run	All on-farm treatment before hand-off	Farm bin or dryer	per declared reference flow	Scale, moisture test and meter log
cp_declared_reference_handoff	declared_reference_handoff	reference_product_at_declared_handoff	handoff weighing and acceptance records	route, terminal_output_row_id, product_state, gate, lot, net_mass_kg, moisture_basis, acceptance, tare	Use calibrated scales or traceable weighing records; reconcile the actual terminal-operation handoff lot, accepted net mass, product state and moisture; exclude packaging tare and do not sum preceding-stage quantities.	kg	each handoff lot	declared reporting period	declared handoff gate	per declared reference flow	calibration or weighing tickets, acceptance and lot traceability
cp_phase1_environment_coverage	sunflower_cultivation	managed environmental coverage by actual node	site/activity/method ledger	site and actual managed nodes; area; dated occupation intervals; co-users; establishment/immature history; actual prior/current land classes and transformation dates/areas; carbon-method coverage; upstream land coverage ; actual production nodes; soil/substrate route; climate/soil; nutrient product mass and composition; residue fate/N; relevant mineralisation/organic-soil/excreta activity; method/tier/equation/version; pathway factors and units; lime/urea; actual fuels; substance/compartment; supplier coverage; site and actual managed nodes; area; dated occupation intervals; co-users; establishment/immature history; actual prior/current land classes and transformation dates/areas; carbon-method coverage; upstream land coverage	Collect original records by the actual responsible production node and matched lot/period; retain provenance, method applicability and uncertainty. Reconcile with existing protocols and provider coverage, do not add duplicate events. Explicitly document inapplicability; absent evidence is a gap.	native activity units; kg N or substance; area/time as applicable	event and annual/lot reconciliation	matched production/cohort period	all actual managed-production nodes	apply applicable coverage calculations then final normalization once	original records, method worksheets and applicability evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
c_norm	All inventory	Divide distinct field-, lot- or run-linked quantities by actual accepted seed kg at the declared hand-off.	Raw amount; accepted kg; trace links	Per kg reference seed	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
c_dry	Drying	Dry solids = wet mass × (1 − wet-basis moisture fraction); compare inlet and outlet plus reject dry solids before estimating evaporated water.	Mass and moisture on inlet, outlet and reject	Dry-solids residual and water loss	ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022
c_field_emissions	Field emissions	Create a species-specific calculated exchange only when a named species, method and factor source are verified against field records; otherwise flag the exchange as unresolved.	Field records; species; method; factor source	Method-specific calculated exchange or unresolved finding	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
c_sort	Cleaning and grading	Input mass = accepted + downgraded + rejected + measured loss, allowing separately measured moisture change.	Weigh and moisture records	Run mass residual	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

Environmental Coverage Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_managed_land_coverage	actual managed-production nodes	For each actual owned managed-production site, collect the occupied area and dated occupation intervals, including attributable establishment/immature and production periods. Occupation is area multiplied by actual duration, converted explicitly to the selected area-time unit (1 ha = 10,000 m2; time in years); hectares per crop-cycle alone are not an area-time result without duration. Partition or take the union of overlapping establishment/management intervals so the same area-time is counted once, with shares across actual co-users summing to one. Record evidenced land transformation separately by actual from/to land class, event area and date under the declared land-use method; transformation has area units and is not added to occupation. Planting, continued occupation or missing prior-land data do not establish a transformation or zero transformation. Preserve actual historical-event attribution and carbon-stock/emission method coverage where applicable; no invented land conversion or generic carbon credit. Instantiate separate compatible elementary identities with verified UUIDs or explicit unresolved identities; attribute once and normalize to the matched final reference. Purchased completed biological inputs inherit compatible upstream land coverage once instead of duplicating it locally. Missing applicable land identity, area, duration or prior-state evidence remains a completeness gap; documented no transformation is a valid absence.	cp_phase1_environment_coverage	attributed native environmental quantities per matched final reference
calc_managed_environment_coverage	actual managed-production nodes	For the actual owned managed-production node(s), require an applicability ledger for direct soil N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O, NH3/NOx and nutrient losses, plus actual liming/urea-use CO2. Primary calculation precedence is a representative pathway measurement, then a validated site/national method applicable to the crop, soil and management; otherwise use the compatible 2006 IPCC/2019-refined managed-soil equations and climate/input-specific factor selection for N2O and lime/urea CO2. Retain the exact edition, equation, tier, activity and factor units, climate and management applicability; no universal dose or emission factor is prescribed. Non-soil/protected routes need a method valid for their actual medium; do not force soil factors onto an inapplicable route. Use the same period/field N ledger for synthetic and organic additions, residues, actual relevant mineralisation/organic-soil and excreta pathways; demonstrate absent pathways rather than infer zero. Calculate direct and each indirect component separately, then assign each once to matching existing or new concrete cards; never add a total to its components. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once. NH3, NOx and nutrient/pesticide loss require an applicable measured or documented substance/fate model; total N/P or an unexplained balance residual is not a compound release. Keep actual receiving compartments and molecular versus elemental/reporting bases explicit; indirect formation does not remove the same N from the source ledger twice. Include actual local combustion releases separately using fuel-specific combustion-only methods; purchased electricity/heat/services retain upstream coverage once. Add one identity-specific exchange only for a supported release and reuse an existing matching card, with verified UUID or explicit unresolved identity. Missing applicable method/activity/factor/identity blocks completeness; it is not a justified zero. Attribute raw activity/release totals and normalize once to the matched accepted reference output.	cp_phase1_environment_coverage	attributed native environmental quantities per matched final reference	review-ipcc-soils-2019

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
q_identity	Reference output	Verify whole commodity seed, market class, grade, actual in-farm hand-off and moisture; no sowing-seed output under the fixed UUID.	Lot and transfer records
q_time	Foreground package	Capture one full crop cycle and all fields and included treatment runs; disclose gaps.	Dated field and machine logs
q_mass	All seed states	Reconcile harvest, cleaning, grading and drying mass with moisture and rejects; flag unexplained residual.	Scale calibration and reconciliation sheet
q_route	Irrigation and drying	Preserve actual water and drying route, metered energy, sequential run links and reject destination.	Meter and equipment logs

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
v_identity	Reference output	Reject missing class, measured moisture, grade or actual hand-off, and reject sowing seed bound to a62436d6-249c-4ac3-b5f4-653d0f277519.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
v_boundary	Inventory	Verify cultivation, harvest and each actual on-farm cleaning, grading, drying and storage step up to hand-off; do not infer farm-gate grade from the platform label.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020; ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022
v_route	Alternative routes	Require metered irrigation and pump records for irrigated fields and metered fan/fuel records for drying; link sequential technologies.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020; ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022
v_balance	Lots and rejects	Reconcile accepted, downgraded, rejected, returned and lost mass with moisture; a reject becomes accepted only after a linked successful run.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
v_emissions	Field elementary flows	Do not accept an anonymous field-emission row or unverified generic factor; require each calculated exchange to name species, method and factor source.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020
v_once	Shared runs	Check field and period attribution, cleaning changeovers and returned lots to prevent double counting.	ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground whole-sunflower-seed production at an identified in-farm hand-off
downstream_use	secondary_dataset or background_dataset for agricultural whole-seed inputs
allowed_use	Oil crushing, confection/food or bird-food seed input when class, grade and moisture match
excluded_use	Sowing-seed production, oil, kernels, meal, roasted foods or unrecorded farm-gate grade
required_metadata	Farm/region, crop year, class, field/lot, variety if known, hand-off, moisture, grade, conditioning/drying scope, irrigation route
required_quality_disclosure	Record coverage, scale/moisture evidence, upstream datasets, missing emission estimates, mass-balance residual and allocation choice
update_trigger	Material change in market class, hand-off, water/drying technology, input mix, grade standard or region

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Ver. 3.0 explanatory notes (2025), https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Classification scope
ndsu-sunflower-guide-2020	extension_guidance	North Dakota State University Extension, Sunflower Production Guide A1995, https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/sites/default/files/2023-12/a1995.pdf	Market types, field, harvest, grading and conditioning routes
ndsu-sunflower-drying-2022	extension_guidance	North Dakota State University Extension, “NDSU offers advice on harvesting and drying sunflower in North Dakota” (2022), https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/news/newsreleases/2022/september/ndsu-offers-advice-on-harvesting-and-drying-sunflower-in-north-dakota/	Conditional drying and moisture evidence

source_id	type	reference	used_for
declared-handoff-measurement-definition	method_factor	This PCR, Sections 3, 6 and 8: measured net mass at the same state and gate is its own normalization denominator, giving a mass ratio of 1; handoff measurement adds no physical processing.	Same-stage and handoff measurement identities; a definition, not an observed yield, empirical default or external publication.
ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011	standard	WRI/WBCSD, Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (2011), Chapter 9, https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard_041613.pdf	General allocation hierarchy and comparable-gate economic basis. Applicability conditions and the explicit residual branch are this PCR's method convention; no product-specific causal coefficient, price or output quantity is prescribed by this source.
review-ipcc-soils-2019	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	Managed-soil direct/indirect N2O and lime/urea CO2 method context; factors require actual applicability and site activity, not a product default.