Fresh taro corms and cormels at farm gate

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers cultivated Colocasia esculenta corms and cormels delivered fresh and unprocessed at farm gate. It includes vegetative establishment, upland or wetland cultivation, lifting, field trimming, optional washing, and grading. It excludes Xanthosoma yautia/tannia, other aroids, leaves as reference product, processed taro, curing, extended storage, and downstream packing or transport.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.taro
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 01550 Taro; mapping relation: narrower
covered_products	Fresh edible Colocasia esculenta main corms and lateral cormels, including declared dasheen and eddoe market types
excluded_products	Xanthosoma yautia/tannia; giant taro; taro leaves as reference product; cooked, dried, milled, peeled or otherwise processed taro
representative_product	Sound whole fresh taro corms or cormels meeting the declared grade
production_route	Managed upland or wetland cultivation, lifting, field conditioning and grading; each dataset declares its water-management route
market_state	Fresh, unprocessed produce in bulk at farm gate, with washing state and soil tolerance declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Accepted whole fresh taro corms or cormels at farm gate
How much	1,000 kg net fresh mass
How well	Declared cultivar/type, corm/cormel class, grade, damage tolerance, soil tolerance and washing state
How long or cycle	One identified crop cycle and its linked harvest and gate lots
reference_flow_link	taro_gate_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Taro e510909a-6352-44e7-b616-336d7fd10549
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Colocasia esculenta identity; cultivar/type; corm/cormel class; upland/wetland route; fresh-mass basis; grade; washing state; farm-gate location; crop-cycle and lot identifiers

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
net_fresh_mass	taro streams	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use net fresh mass at the stated node; exclude containers and loose soil and report washing state.
field_area	production and harvest	Area	ha	Record cultivated and harvested hectares separately and link field, harvest and gate lots before normalization.
nutrient_basis	nutrients	Mass of nutrient	kg N, kg P2O5, kg K2O	Record product mass and nutrient content; do not mix elemental and oxide conventions.
water_route	water	Volume	m3	Separate managed water from effective rainfall and disclose wetland flooding duration.
gate_balance	conditioning	Mass	kg	Reconcile received = accepted + downgraded + rejected + debris + explained discrepancy.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Prepared land plus declared healthy corms, cormels, suckers, headsetts or acclimatized plants ready for establishment.
starting_condition_role	The crop cycle begins when planting material and managed inputs enter the field; purchased inputs link to upstream datasets.
product_classification_scope	Whole fresh Colocasia esculenta corms and cormels independent of classification code.
recursive_input_rule	Retained taro propagules transfer from an identified prior lot or nursery once; do not create a self-referential reference-product loop.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link planting material, amendments, fertilizers, crop protection, fuel, energy and supplied water to compatible upstream datasets; disclose unresolved identities.
disclosure	Declare cultivar/type, propagule form and origin, upland/wetland route, crop cycle, harvest method, conditioning steps, grade states, co-products and rejected destinations.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
fresh_farm_gate	output boundary	Stop at accepted whole fresh corms/cormels ready for farm-gate dispatch; exclude curing, extended storage, processing, retail packing and downstream transport.	fao-edible-aroids; uf-ifas-root-crops
route_separation	cultivation	Model upland and wetland cultivation as alternative routes under one managed-production parent; do not average water or field emissions without documented representative shares.	fao-qdp-taro; icar-water-2022
harvest_handoff	lifting	Separate standing crop from lifted corms so damage, unlifted material and residues are captured before conditioning.	fao-edible-aroids
conditioning_handoff	trimming and washing	Create a conditioning node and record water, debris, wastewater, rejects and prepared output; washing is conditional.	uf-ifas-root-crops
grade_destinations	grading	Declare accepted, downgraded-edible and rejected states and hand-offs; rejected material cannot enter reference output.	fao-edible-aroids
single_cycle_attribution	time	Attribute records to one crop cycle; no storage carry-over is inside the declared farm-gate boundary.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
field	Taro establishment and managed production	required	always	managed biological production with an upland/wetland route delta and standing-crop hand-off	per ha crop cycle
harvest	Corm and cormel lifting	required	always	remove edible underground organs and identify residues and losses	per ha harvested field
condition	Primary conditioning and grading	required	always; washing input conditional	trim, optionally wash, grade and transfer accepted fresh taro	per 1,000 kg accepted output

Process: Taro establishment and managed production (field)

Inputs

Product flows

Vegetative planting material (planting_material)

Healthy vegetative propagules cross into the managed field at establishment.

• Selected flow: Taro planting material

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured planted fresh mass; record propagule form and count separately

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha established taro crop in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

• Sources: tnau-taro-guide; fao-qdp-taro

• Range: Regional planting-material examples

  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 700
  • Upper: 1200
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: planting-material fresh mass per ha established crop in one crop cycle
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: tnau-taro-guide; tnau-colocasia-lecture

Fertilizer, urea input (field_agricultural_nutrient_inputs)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (field_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (field_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

Cattle manure, as applied input (field_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

Agricultural limestone input (field_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

Managed irrigation water (irrigation_water)

Managed irrigation crosses the field boundary only when supplied by the operator.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: Metered or calculated managed water delivered; rainfall is excluded

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle; zero allowed for rainfed production.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

• Sources: icar-water-2022; fao-qdp-taro

The cited crop-water requirement or precipitation-plus-irrigation context is not a supplied-irrigation amount or validity bound. Collect actual delivered irrigation at its stated meter/boundary, or derive it from a fully declared site water balance distinguishing effective rainfall, soil-water storage, conveyance/application efficiency and returns. No numeric delivery range is established here; rainfed zero requires evidence and a measured value outside a literature water-demand context must not be clipped.

Diesel fuel (field_fuel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per ha managed field in one crop cycle.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: crop_cycle
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Mature standing taro crop (standing_crop)

The managed-production node hands the harvestable standing crop to the lifting node.

• Selected flow: Mature standing taro crop

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Harvested mass plus sampled unlifted and damaged mass attributed to the field

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha harvested field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_lot

• Sources: fao-edible-aroids; icar-water-2022

• Range: Reported taro yield context

  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 4000
  • Upper: 21080
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: harvestable fresh corm/cormel mass per ha crop cycle in cited contexts
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: fao-edible-aroids; icar-water-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct soil nitrous oxide (direct_soil_n2o)

Direct managed-soil N2O is calculated from recorded nitrogen inputs and the declared method.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O

• Amount rule: Applicable nitrogen input multiplied by selected direct-emission factor

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg applicable nitrogen input in the field cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: N input (n_input)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_cycle

• Sources: ipcc-2019-soils

• Range: Aggregated IPCC EF1 uncertainty interval

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0.002
  • Upper: 0.018
  • Unit: kg N2O-N/kg N input
  • Basis: direct N2O-N per kg applicable nitrogen input under aggregated Tier 1
  • Basis kind: N input (n_input)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: ipcc-2019-soils

The final exchange is kg N2O. Keep species-specific elemental-N activity and any N-based factor/range in a separate calculation ledger. Convert that species-specific N mass by 44/28 exactly once before normalization; never reconvert compound mass or apply an N-based range directly to compound mass. A total nitrogen-loss pool is not this species without a supported split. Retain the actual receiving compartment and method boundaries; unknown identity or activity is not zero.

Process: Corm and cormel lifting (harvest)

Inputs

Product flows

Mature standing crop received (standing_crop_input)

The lifting node receives the field-specific standing crop without changing its measurement basis.

• Selected flow: Mature standing taro crop

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Equal to linked standing_crop output

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha harvested field in one crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_lot

• Range: Standing-crop linkage range

  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 4000
  • Upper: 21080
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: linked fresh corm/cormel mass per ha crop cycle
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: fao-edible-aroids; icar-water-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Lifted fresh corms and cormels (harvested_corms)

Lifted fresh corms and cormels leave harvest for farm-gate conditioning.

• Selected flow: Lifted fresh taro corms and cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Calibrated mass before trimming or washing

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha harvested field.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_lot

• Sources: fao-edible-aroids

• Range: Reported fresh harvest context

  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 4000
  • Upper: 21080
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: lifted fresh corm/cormel mass per ha harvested field
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: fao-edible-aroids; icar-water-2022

Waste flows

Field residues and harvest loss (harvest_loss)

Incidental plant material and unlifted or damaged corm tissue are recorded separately from intended output.

• Selected flow: Taro residues and harvest loss

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured or sampled leaves, petioles, roots and unmarketable/unlifted corm tissue by destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg mature standing corm/cormel mass.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_lot

• Sources: fao-edible-aroids

• Range: Provisional residue-and-loss screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: wet residues and harvest loss per 1,000 kg mature standing corm/cormel mass
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Field conditioning and grading (condition)

Inputs

Product flows

Lifted taro received (harvested_corms_input)

The conditioning node receives and weighs every linked harvest lot before trimming or grading.

• Selected flow: Lifted fresh taro corms and cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Calibrated received mass linked to harvest lot

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted farm-gate taro.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot

• Range: Provisional received-mass screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1400
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: lifted fresh taro received per 1,000 kg accepted output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Washing water (wash_water)

Washing water enters only when the declared conditioning route includes washing.

• Selected flow: Process water

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Metered washing water; zero for dry-brushed or unwashed routes

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted farm-gate taro.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot

• Range: Provisional washing-water screen

  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: washing water per 1,000 kg accepted output; inactive washing route equals zero
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted farm-gate taro (taro_gate_output)

Accepted whole fresh taro is the intended output and reference product after grade separation.

• Selected flow: Taro e510909a-6352-44e7-b616-336d7fd10549

• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Fixed reference amount of accepted net fresh taro

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted farm-gate taro.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

• Range: Reference-flow identity

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: accepted fresh taro per 1,000 kg reference output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Downgraded edible taro (downgraded_taro)

Edible lower-grade taro is a separate intended output with a declared non-reference market hand-off.

• Selected flow: Downgraded fresh taro

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured downgraded fresh mass by destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg received lifted taro.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot

• Range: Provisional downgrade screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 200
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: downgraded edible taro per 1,000 kg received lifted taro
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Conditioning rejects and debris (conditioning_rejects)

Rejected corms, removed soil and trimming debris leave through declared return, recovery or disposal paths.

• Selected flow: Rejected taro, removed soil and trimming debris

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured separated mass by reason and destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg received lifted taro.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot

• Sources: fao-edible-aroids

• Range: Provisional reject-and-debris screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 300
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: rejected taro, soil and trimming debris per 1,000 kg received lifted taro
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Washing wastewater (wash_wastewater)

Wastewater leaves only when washing occurs and is reconciled to supplied water.

• Selected flow: Taro washing wastewater

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Metered discharge or water balance; zero when washing is absent

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted farm-gate taro.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot

• Range: Provisional wastewater screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg/t
  • Basis: wastewater per 1,000 kg accepted output; inactive washing route equals zero
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
subdivide_routes	upland and wetland production	Subdivide water-management routes before allocation; do not hide different flooding, irrigation or emission profiles.	iso-14044
intended_outputs	marketed leaves, planting material or other intentional outputs	Record every intended output and hand-off. Prefer subdivision; otherwise use a documented causal physical relation or contemporaneous farm-gate economic shares with sensitivity analysis.	iso-14044
grade_outputs	accepted and downgraded edible taro	Retain separate masses, grades, destinations and revenues; allocate shared burdens only after feasible subdivision.	iso-14044
reject_routing	rejected or returned material	Keep prior burdens with rejects until declared boundary exit; if material is returned upstream to the managed field, link that loop explicitly, otherwise record recovery or disposal without unverified avoided-product credit.	iso-14044

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Ranges are source-context examples or broad provisional QA screens; foreground records determine exchanges. Conditional washing and irrigation ranges impose no amount when inactive.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_field_cycle	field	establishment, nutrients, water, fuel and emissions	field register, invoices, meter, method worksheet	field_id, cycle_id, route, area_ha, propagule_type, propagule_kg, input_kg, nutrient_fraction, water_m3, rainfall_mm, flooding_days, fuel_L, N_input_kg, emission_factor	reconcile dated applications, invoices and meters; retain route and nutrient basis; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by field-cycle and route; calculate nutrients and emissions once	mixed	each operation	full crop cycle	each field/route	per declared reference flow	invoices, meters, logs, factor citation
cp_harvest_lot	harvest	standing crop, lifted product, residues and loss	harvest ticket and sample plots	field_id, cycle_id, lot_id, area_ha, lifted_kg, unlifted_kg, damaged_kg, residue_kg	calibrated scales and representative plots; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile standing, lifted and loss states before gate linkage	kg, ha	each harvest	all harvests	each field/lot	per declared reference flow	calibration and plot design
cp_conditioning_lot	condition	received, water, grades and rejects	receiving, water, grade and dispatch ticket	lot_id, harvest_lot, received_kg, water_kg, accepted_kg, downgraded_kg, rejected_kg, wastewater_kg, debris_kg, destination	calibrated scales and water meter; timestamped grade records; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile all input/output states; aggregate only like grades/routes	kg	each lot	receipt to dispatch	each gate lot	per declared reference flow	calibration, tickets, reject reason, destination
cp_phase1_environment_coverage	field	managed environmental coverage by actual node	site/activity/method ledger	site and actual managed nodes; area; dated occupation intervals; co-users; establishment/immature history; actual prior/current land classes and transformation dates/areas; carbon-method coverage; upstream land coverage	Collect original records by the actual responsible production node and matched lot/period; retain provenance, method applicability and uncertainty. Reconcile with existing protocols and provider coverage, do not add duplicate events. Explicitly document inapplicability; absent evidence is a gap.	native activity units; kg N or substance; area/time as applicable	event and annual/lot reconciliation	matched production/cohort period	all actual managed-production nodes	apply applicable coverage calculations then final normalization once	original records, method worksheets and applicability evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
reference_normalization	all exchanges	Allocated exchange per 1,000 kg reference = allocated cycle or lot exchange / accepted fresh mass × 1,000.	linked cycle, lot, accepted mass and allocation share	reference-normalized exchange	mass-balance-identity
nutrient_conversion	fertilizer nutrients	Nutrient kg = product kg × declared nutrient fraction, preserving N, P2O5 and K2O conventions.	invoice, analysis and application records	kg nutrient by cycle
direct_n2o	managed soil	N2O-N = applicable N × selected EF1; N2O = N2O-N × 44/28 when an N2O-mass flow is used.	nitrogen, route and factor	kg N2O-N and N2O	ipcc-2019-soils
harvest_balance	harvest	Standing corm mass = lifted + sampled unlifted and damaged mass; disclose sampling uncertainty.	field and harvest records	standing crop and loss	mass-balance-identity
gate_reconciliation	conditioning	discrepancy = received − accepted − downgraded − rejects/debris; reconcile wastewater separately to supplied water.	conditioning records	lot discrepancy	mass-balance-identity
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_field_cycle; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Environmental Coverage Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_managed_land_coverage	actual managed-production nodes	For each actual owned managed-production site, collect the occupied area and dated occupation intervals, including attributable establishment/immature and production periods. Occupation is area multiplied by actual duration, converted explicitly to the selected area-time unit (1 ha = 10,000 m2; time in years); hectares per crop-cycle alone are not an area-time result without duration. Partition or take the union of overlapping establishment/management intervals so the same area-time is counted once, with shares across actual co-users summing to one. Record evidenced land transformation separately by actual from/to land class, event area and date under the declared land-use method; transformation has area units and is not added to occupation. Planting, continued occupation or missing prior-land data do not establish a transformation or zero transformation. Preserve actual historical-event attribution and carbon-stock/emission method coverage where applicable; no invented land conversion or generic carbon credit. Instantiate separate compatible elementary identities with verified UUIDs or explicit unresolved identities; attribute once and normalize to the matched final reference. Purchased completed biological inputs inherit compatible upstream land coverage once instead of duplicating it locally. Missing applicable land identity, area, duration or prior-state evidence remains a completeness gap; documented no transformation is a valid absence.	cp_phase1_environment_coverage	attributed native environmental quantities per matched final reference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
botanical_identity	reference product	Confirm Colocasia esculenta and distinguish it from Xanthosoma and other aroids.	cultivar/supplier record or inspection
route_identity	field	State upland or wetland route, flooding days, irrigation and rainfall separately.	field and water records
lot_traceability	product streams	Link field, cycle, harvest lot and conditioning lot through every grade and reject.	linked tickets
mass_completeness	harvest/conditioning	Explain discrepancies and quantify losses, debris and rejects with destinations.	scales and sampling evidence
range_context	ranges	Preserve source geography/technology; use ranges for QA and replace provisional estimates with reviewed evidence.	QA worksheet and source review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
reference_identity	reference flow	Require the verified generic Taro Product flow, Mass and kg at fresh farm gate; reject regional branded or processed substitutes.
route_validation	field	Require upland or wetland route per field-cycle, or documented shares; validate water and emission treatment against it.	fao-qdp-taro; icar-water-2022
range_validation	all flow cards	Check role, bounds, unit, denominator, basis kind, evidence and sources; provisional ranges are replaceable screens.
harvest_validation	lifting	Reconcile standing crop, lifted corms, loss and residues and require every state hand-off.	fao-edible-aroids
grade_validation	conditioning	Reconcile received, accepted, downgraded, rejects/debris and discrepancy; rejected material cannot be accepted output.	mass-balance-identity
coproduct_validation	non-reference intended outputs	Require identity, amount, destination and allocation method for marketed leaves, planting material or other outputs.	iso-14044
reject_path_validation	off-grade/rejected material	Link downgrade, return, recovery or disposal to its producing node without double credit.	iso-14044

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for whole fresh taro corms/cormels at farm gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset, background_dataset in process or lifecyclemodel assembly after review
allowed_use	Declared Colocasia esculenta identity, geography, crop cycle, upland/wetland route, grade and conditioning state
excluded_use	Other aroids; leaves as reference product; processed taro; curing, extended storage, retail packing or unspecified route
required_metadata	botanical identity, cultivar/type, corm/cormel class, cycle ids, propagule origin, route, dates, washing state, grade, accepted mass, co-products and allocation
required_quality_disclosure	measurement coverage, water balance, nutrient convention, emission method, mass balances, reject paths, provisional ranges, sampling and allocation uncertainty
update_trigger	change in cultivar/type, water route, propagule system, harvest/conditioning technology, grade, co-product treatment, emission method or evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-edible-aroids	official_guidance	https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Edible_aroids.pdf	Identity, duration, regional yield, lifting and handling
fao-qdp-taro	official_guidance	https://www.fao.org/4/i1195e/i1195e00.pdf	Planting material, field management, nutrients and irrigation
tnau-taro-guide	extension_guidance	https://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/pdf/HORTICULTURE.pdf	Regional planting, amendment and fertilizer examples
tnau-colocasia-lecture	extension_guidance	https://eagri.org/eagri50/HORT281/lec25.html	Regional planting-material quantity
icar-taro-bulletin	handbook	https://www.ctcri.org/public/publications/2025-01/3.taro_.pdf	Regional nutrient and amendment examples
icar-water-2022	literature	https://agris.fao.org/search/en/records/67598e52c7a957febdfc0df2	Upland water requirement and cormel yield
uf-ifas-root-crops	extension_guidance	https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/CV300	Route identity, lifting, washing and sorting
ipcc-2019-soils	method_factor	https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	Managed-soil N2O method and EF1 range
iso-14044	standard	ISO 14044:2006, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html	Allocation hierarchy
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass for linked foreground nodes	Normalization and reconciliation