Sugar beet

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers fresh, unprocessed first-year sugar-beet storage roots for sugar manufacture at the farm gate. It includes field establishment, managed production, direct field emissions, lifting, topping, dry removal of excess adhering soil, grading, losses and declared residue destinations. It excludes seed, fodder/table beet, post-gate transport, factory washing, slicing, diffusion, juice purification, sugar, pulp and molasses. Each dataset represents coherent rainfed/irrigated, tillage, harvest and conditioning routes or transparently weighted strata.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.sugar-beet
classification_refs	CPC:3.0:01801 Sugar beet; mapping relation: exact
covered_products	Fresh first-year Beta vulgaris storage roots intended for sugar manufacture
excluded_products	Seed, fodder/table beet, sliced roots, juice, sugar, pulp, molasses and factory-conditioned products
representative_product	Fresh topped root, substantially free of loose soil, accepted at farm gate
production_route	Managed annual field production → lifting → farm primary conditioning → grading
market_state	Fresh, unprocessed root; not sliced or diffused

Managed biological production is the parent. Irrigation, tillage and harvest technology are evidenced deltas; mutually exclusive route records require separate strata.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Accepted fresh unprocessed sugar-beet roots at farm gate
How much	1,000 kg fresh mass
How well	Topped; loose soil/trash excluded; contract specification and measured sugar content declared
How long or cycle	One annual crop cycle and delivery period
reference_flow_link	accepted_sugar_beet_roots

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Sugar beet b48c1ece-b700-4491-86bb-ff46c0a4768b
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	cultivar; crop year; geography/field; rainfed or irrigated; tillage; harvest and conditioning technology; fresh-mass and tare basis; sugar content/method; grade specification; delivery period

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
MU-01	roots	Mass	kg	Use calibrated scales; disclose tare and residual soil/foreign-matter correction.
MU-02	area records	Mass, volume, energy	per ha	Normalize with accepted yield from the same field/route stratum.
MU-03	each nutrient product	Product mass and composition	kg product; kg nutrient/ha	Record each actual product mass, dry matter where relevant, nutrient analysis and liming value in its own atomic card; calculate nutrient totals separately.
MU-04	irrigation	Volume or mass	m3 or kg	Meter delivery; rainfall is context, not product input.
MU-05	sugar quality	Mass fraction	% fresh mass	Declare sampling and laboratory method; sugar qualifies the root and is not the reference product.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Prepared field and planting seed at crop-cycle start
starting_condition_role	Foreground annual crop-cycle start
product_classification_scope	CPC:3.0:01801 fresh unprocessed roots
recursive_input_rule	Any same-category purchased root is separately traced and cannot be counted again as field production.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Seed, energy, irrigation, crop protection and every actual nutrient product require upstream datasets.
disclosure	Geography, crop year, field area, cultivar, routes, inputs, yield, quality, losses, residues and hand-off.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
SB-01	full route	Keep production, harvest, conditioning and grading independently reconcilable.	fao-sugar-beet-white-sugar-2009
SB-02	exclusion	Stop at farm gate; exclude every factory sugar-processing operation.	us-epa-sugarbeet-processing-ap42
SB-03	harvest	Separate standing, lifted, conditioned, accepted, downgraded, rejected, top and soil/trash states.	fao-land-management-root-crops
SB-04	routes	Mutually exclusive route deltas require separate records and transparent weighting.	fao-crop-yield-water-2012
SB-05	residues	Field-retained tops are residues; collected tops and marketed downgraded roots require hand-offs and allocation.	mass-balance-identity

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
field_production	Managed field production	required	every route	Single-period batch production by field/crop cycle; no storage; no replacement	field, crop cycle, operating period or delivery batch
harvest_lifting	Root lifting and harvest	required	every route	Independent removal from soil and harvest-state accounting	field, crop cycle, operating period or delivery batch
farm_conditioning	Farm primary conditioning	required	every route	Alternative technology route delta: topping completion and dry excess-soil/trash removal	field, crop cycle, operating period or delivery batch
grading_handoff	Grading and farm-gate hand-off	required	every route	Accepted, downgraded and rejected destination states	field, crop cycle, operating period or delivery batch

This is a single-period route with no storage and no replacement events. Batch production is indexed by field/crop cycle, harvest or conditioning period, and delivery batch; shared-machine burdens are assigned once.

Process: Managed field production (field_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Sugar-beet planting seed (planting_seed)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Sugar-beet planting seed

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Issued seed minus documented returns

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare planted.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

• Sources:

• Range: Provisional seed-mass screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: per hectare planted
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Fertilizer, urea input (agricultural_nutrient_supply)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare treated.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (agricultural_nutrient_supply_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare treated.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (agricultural_nutrient_supply_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare treated.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Cattle manure, as applied input (agricultural_nutrient_supply_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare treated.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Agricultural limestone input (agricultural_nutrient_supply_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare treated.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Irrigation water delivered to field (irrigation_water)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water delivered to field

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Metered volume or verified pump flow × duration; rainfall excluded

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare in crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_irrigation

• Sources: fao-crop-yield-water-2012

Required crop-protection records: before completing the foreground package, enumerate every actually applied formulated product separately, retaining trade name, active ingredient, salt or chemical form, concentration, density where needed, application quantity, date and treated area. Select one physically specific product identity per exchange. Derive active-substance releases separately by substance and receiving compartment. Missing formulation identity is a completeness gap; do not replace it with a generic pesticide, invented example, or assumed zero.

Retain metered m3 and water density; convert to kg once under cr_02 before final normalization.

For irrigation, distinguish crop evapotranspiration from net irrigation and gross delivered/withdrawn water. Reconcile effective rainfall, soil-water stock change, capillary supply, application efficiency and the actual delivery boundary; use metered site records or a documented water balance. A general crop-water-demand table does not establish a universal irrigation upper bound.

Electricity, medium voltage input (field_energy)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare in crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Diesel fuel input (field_energy_diesel)

Include this one exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare in crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Mature standing sugar-beet roots (standing_mature_roots)

This independent product is an intended output quantified at the declared process boundary, has an explicit hand-off, and is reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Mature standing sugar-beet roots

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Lifted roots plus sampled pre-lifting and unharvested loss; soil and tops excluded

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_yield

• Sources: fao-sugar-beet-white-sugar-2009, uk-defra-sugar-beet-2024

• Range: Fresh-root yield QA range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 30000
  • Upper: 80000
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: per hectare
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: fao-sugar-beet-white-sugar-2009, uk-defra-sugar-beet-2024

Waste flows

Unharvested sugar-beet roots (field_root_loss)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Unharvested sugar-beet roots

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Representative field sampling scaled to the field

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg standing mature roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_loss

• Sources: usda-ers-sugarbeet-harvest-loss-2019

Determine the mass-loss fraction from representative same-field root sampling and matched standing-root mass. National unharvested-area statistics are contextual evidence, not a kg/kg root-loss factor or a universal bound. Report uncertainty and investigate losses without imposing a fixed threshold.

Elementary flows

Nitrous oxide to air (direct_n2o_air)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O

• Amount rule: Declared IPCC tier applied to collected nitrogen inputs and residue N

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare in crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

• Range: Managed-soil N2O screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg N2O/ha
  • Basis: per hectare in crop cycle
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Report molecular N2O mass. If the selected method reports N2O-N, multiply by 44/28 once; do not reconvert N2O mass.

Process: Root lifting and harvest (harvest_lifting)

Inputs

Product flows

Standing mature roots transferred to harvest (harvest_root_input)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Standing mature roots transferred to harvest

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Equal standing_mature_roots for the same field and cycle

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg standing roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

• Range: Internal-transfer identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg standing roots
  • Basis: per kg standing roots
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Electricity, medium voltage input (harvest_energy)

Include this one exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare harvested.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Diesel fuel input (harvest_energy_diesel)

Include this one exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier, water source or material in a separate atomic row with its own verified or explicitly unresolved identity.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and declared period; record not applicable only when the actual route excludes it.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare harvested.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Lifted raw sugar-beet roots (lifted_raw_roots)

This independent product is an intended output quantified at the declared process boundary, has an explicit hand-off, and is reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Lifted raw sugar-beet roots

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Calibrated load mass corrected for tare and separately measured exported soil/trash

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare harvested.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_loads

• Sources: fao-sugar-beet-white-sugar-2009, uk-defra-sugar-beet-2024

• Range: Lifted-root yield screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 28000
  • Upper: 80000
  • Unit: kg/ha
  • Basis: per hectare harvested
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: fao-sugar-beet-white-sugar-2009, uk-defra-sugar-beet-2024

Intentionally collected beet tops (collected_beet_tops)

This independent product is an intended output quantified at the declared process boundary, has an explicit hand-off, and is reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Intentionally collected beet tops

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured collected load; zero when retained on field

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare harvested.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_residues

• Sources:

• Range: Provisional collected-top screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30000
  • Unit: kg fresh tops/ha
  • Basis: per hectare harvested
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Rejected sugar-beet roots from lifting (harvest_root_reject)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Rejected sugar-beet roots from lifting

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Field sample or load-balance difference with destination recorded

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg harvest root input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_loss

• Sources: usda-ers-sugarbeet-harvest-loss-2019

• Range: Harvest reject/loss screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg harvest input
  • Basis: per kg harvest root input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Farm primary conditioning (farm_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Lifted roots transferred to conditioning (conditioning_root_input)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Lifted roots transferred to conditioning

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Equal lifted_raw_roots for represented loads

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg lifted roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

• Range: Internal-transfer identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg lifted roots
  • Basis: per kg lifted roots
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Electricity, medium voltage (conditioning_energy)

Include this exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1000 kg lifted roots.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured Electricity, medium voltage supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Diesel fuel (conditioning_energy_diesel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1000 kg lifted roots.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Farm-conditioned roots ready for grading (conditioned_roots)

This independent product is an intended output quantified at the declared process boundary, has an explicit hand-off, and is reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Farm-conditioned roots ready for grading

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measure the accepted conditioned root component on the same net-root basis as lifted_raw_roots. Reconcile incoming root component + opening root stock + evidenced root-water uptake = accepted conditioned roots + rejected root component + independently evidenced root loss + root-water removal + closing root stock. Do not subtract soil, tops or foreign matter again if already excluded from the incoming root quantity. Track actual carried soil/tops/foreign components separately from gross load receipt to their own removals; they are not root yield loss. Pair retained/rework transfers and investigate unexplained residuals rather than treating them as waste. Normalize matched totals once to final accepted roots.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1000 kg lifted roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_balance

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

• Range: Conditioning mass-yield screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 700
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg/1000 kg lifted roots
  • Basis: per 1000 kg lifted roots
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Separated organic trash waste (conditioning_rejects)

Use this conditional card for exactly one actual material, product or waste stream in the declared process. Confirm its identity, physical state, period and destination from route records; instantiate a separate card for every other distinct stream. The template does not assert use or generation.

• Selected flow: Separated organic trash waste; exact route identity unresolved

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg material

• Amount rule: Measure or calculate only this one identified stream for the declared process and period, with its own unit and destination; do not combine other products or waste states.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1000 kg lifted roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_balance

• Sources:

Rejected roots waste (conditioning_rejects_rejected_roots)

Use this conditional card for exactly one actual material, product or waste stream in the declared process. Confirm its identity, physical state, period and destination from route records; instantiate a separate card for every other distinct stream. The template does not assert use or generation.

• Selected flow: Rejected roots waste; exact route identity unresolved

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg roots

• Amount rule: Measure or calculate only this one identified stream for the declared process and period, with its own unit and destination; do not combine other products or waste states.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1000 kg lifted roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_balance

• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Grading and farm-gate hand-off (grading_handoff)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned roots transferred to grading (grading_root_input)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Conditioned roots transferred to grading

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Equal conditioned_roots assigned to the delivery batch

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg conditioned roots.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

• Range: Internal-transfer identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg conditioned roots
  • Basis: per kg conditioned roots
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Sugar beet b48c1ece-b700-4491-86bb-ff46c0a4768b (accepted_sugar_beet_roots)

This independent product is an intended output quantified at the declared process boundary, has an explicit hand-off, and is reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Sugar beet b48c1ece-b700-4491-86bb-ff46c0a4768b
• Flow property/unit: Mass / kg

Original reference-state unit annotation: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Calibrated accepted delivery mass after tare and foreign-material correction

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1000 kg reference product.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading

• Sources:

• Range: Reference-flow identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1000 kg reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Downgraded roots sent to declared use (downgraded_roots)

This independent product is an intended output quantified at the declared process boundary, has an explicit hand-off, and is reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Downgraded roots sent to declared use

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured downgraded mass by batch and destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg grading input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading

• Sources:

• Range: Provisional downgraded share screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg grading input
  • Basis: per kg grading input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Grading-rejected roots (grading_rejects)

This flow is quantified at the declared process boundary and reconciled with adjacent states.

• Selected flow: Grading-rejected roots

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured reject mass linked to recovery, field return, treatment or disposal

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg grading input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading

• Sources:

• Range: Provisional grading-reject screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg grading input
  • Basis: per kg grading input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
AL-01	all nodes	Prefer subdivision and direct attribution of field, machine-period and batch records before allocating shared burdens.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011
AL-02	roots and tops	Field-retained tops are not a sold co-product. For intentionally marketed tops, first use subdivision or a justified physical relationship. Economic allocation is a fallback when that relationship is unavailable; document why.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011
AL-03	grade states	Separate directly measured grade-specific operations. Allocate remaining shared burdens using a defensible physical relationship, or documented gate-matched market values if unavailable. Retain prices, period, all co-products and sensitivity; assigned shares sum to one. Waste handling remains included without product allocation.	ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011
AL-04	rejects	Reworked material retains accumulated burden and is counted only at final hand-off.	mass-balance-identity

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_field_inputs	field_production	seed, nutrient, protection	invoices/logs	identity; mass; composition; area; date	issue-return/application reconciliation; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by product and field	kg; ha	event	crop cycle	field	per declared reference flow	invoices, composition, logs
cp_irrigation	field_production	water	meter/pump log	meter; flow; duration; area	meter or flow×duration; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum events	m3; kg	event	season	field/source	per declared reference flow	calibration/pump test
cp_energy	all operating nodes	energy	meter/fuel/machine log	carrier; quantity; period; field/load	direct meter or documented allocation; Raw aggregation and attribution: assign once	L; kWh; MJ	period	full cycle	machine/site	per declared reference flow	meter and invoice reconciliation
cp_field_yield	field_production	roots	load and survey	lifted mass; loss sample; area	calibrated loads plus sampling; Raw aggregation and attribution: lifted + scaled loss	kg; ha	field	harvest	field	per declared reference flow	scale and sampling plan
cp_harvest_loss	field_production; harvest_lifting	loss	survey/balance	mass; area; damage; destination	pre/post harvest sampling; Raw aggregation and attribution: scale and reconcile	kg; ha	field	harvest	field	per declared reference flow	sample evidence
cp_harvest_loads	harvest_lifting	lifted roots	load tickets	gross; tare; field; date; soil correction ; gross load and tare; incoming net root component; separate carried soil/top/foreign components; each root and non-root removal; water/moisture; opening/closing stocks; paired rework; accepted final root quantity; residual uncertainty	calibrated weighing; Raw aggregation and attribution: corrected sum	kg	load	campaign	field/load	per declared reference flow	scale certificate
cp_residues	harvest_lifting	tops	load/destination	mass; basis; destination	calibrated weighing; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum hand-offs	kg	load	campaign	field/destination	per declared reference flow	ticket/receiver
cp_conditioning_balance	farm_conditioning	roots/rejects	batch record	input; output; rejects; destination ; gross load and tare; incoming net root component; separate carried soil/top/foreign components; each root and non-root removal; water/moisture; opening/closing stocks; paired rework; accepted final root quantity; residual uncertainty	calibrated mass balance; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile states	kg	batch	campaign	site/field	per declared reference flow	scales and batch sheet
cp_grading	grading_handoff	grades	delivery record	input; accepted; downgraded; reject; sugar; tare	scale and receiving test; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile grades	kg; %	batch	delivery	batch	per declared reference flow	scale, lab, receiver
cp_phase1_environment_coverage	field_production	managed environmental coverage by actual node	site/activity/method ledger	site and actual managed nodes; area; dated occupation intervals; co-users; establishment/immature history; actual prior/current land classes and transformation dates/areas; carbon-method coverage; upstream land coverage	Collect original records by the actual responsible production node and matched lot/period; retain provenance, method applicability and uncertainty. Reconcile with existing protocols and provider coverage, do not add duplicate events. Explicitly document inapplicability; absent evidence is a gap.	native activity units; kg N or substance; area/time as applicable	event and annual/lot reconciliation	matched production/cohort period	all actual managed-production nodes	apply applicable coverage calculations then final normalization once	original records, method worksheets and applicability evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
CR-01	normalization	field amount / same-field accepted mass × 1000 kg	input/emission; accepted mass	per reference flow	mass-balance-identity
CR-02	water	metered m3 × density; rainfall excluded	meter/flow; density	kg irrigation	fao-crop-yield-water-2012
CR-03	root balance	Standing net root component = lifted net root component + independently evidenced field root loss; reconcile each later node on that same root-component basis, with opening/closing stocks, actual root-water change and mutually exclusive root destinations. Separately balance gross-load soil, tops and foreign components and never deduct them again from net root mass. Investigate residuals; apply matched final normalization once.	linked mass records	reconciled states	mass-balance-identity
CR-04	N2O	declared IPCC tier applied to collected N inputs	N records; factors	kg N2O	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
CR-05	route aggregation	area-weight area intensities and accepted-mass-weight reference intensities	stratum records	production mix	mass-balance-identity
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_field_inputs; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Environmental Coverage Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_managed_land_coverage	actual managed-production nodes	For each actual owned managed-production site, collect the occupied area and dated occupation intervals, including attributable establishment/immature and production periods. Occupation is area multiplied by actual duration, converted explicitly to the selected area-time unit (1 ha = 10,000 m2; time in years); hectares per crop-cycle alone are not an area-time result without duration. Partition or take the union of overlapping establishment/management intervals so the same area-time is counted once, with shares across actual co-users summing to one. Record evidenced land transformation separately by actual from/to land class, event area and date under the declared land-use method; transformation has area units and is not added to occupation. Planting, continued occupation or missing prior-land data do not establish a transformation or zero transformation. Preserve actual historical-event attribution and carbon-stock/emission method coverage where applicable; no invented land conversion or generic carbon credit. Instantiate separate compatible elementary identities with verified UUIDs or explicit unresolved identities; attribute once and normalize to the matched final reference. Purchased completed biological inputs inherit compatible upstream land coverage once instead of duplicating it locally. Missing applicable land identity, area, duration or prior-state evidence remains a completeness gap; documented no transformation is a valid absence.	cp_phase1_environment_coverage	attributed native environmental quantities per matched final reference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
DQ-01	traceability	Link field, load, batch and delivery identifiers.	registers and tickets
DQ-02	completeness	Cover the full cycle and reconcile all root/residue states.	completeness and balance report
DQ-03	measurement	Use calibrated instruments or disclose method and uncertainty.	calibration and workbook
DQ-04	route	Separate material route differences before weighting.	route register
DQ-05	range maturity	Replace reasoned screens with reviewed evidence before publication-critical use.	review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
VR-01	reference	Verify UUIDs, 1000 kg accepted roots, qualifiers and exclusions.	mass-balance-identity
VR-02	boundary	Reject factory slicing, diffusion, sugar, pulp or molasses within the farm system.	us-epa-sugarbeet-processing-ap42
VR-03	nutrients	Record each actual nutrient product once with its composition and nutrient basis; do not misclassify non-fertilizer inputs as agricultural fertilizer.
VR-04	routes	Verify parent, evidenced deltas, strata and weighting.	fao-crop-yield-water-2012
VR-05	periods	Resolve each record to one field/period/load/batch and count once.	mass-balance-identity
VR-06	outputs	Verify every hand-off, residue/waste route and allocation decision.	mass-balance-identity
VR-07	rejects	Rejected mass has a destination and never appears in accepted output.	mass-balance-identity
VR-08	ranges	Investigate out-of-range values; ranges do not replace foreground records.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset or background_dataset
downstream_use	Fresh sugar-beet farm supply and models adding post-gate transport/factory processing
allowed_use	Declared regions, crop years and route shares
excluded_use	Seed, fodder/table beet, factory gate, sugar, pulp or molasses
required_metadata	Reference qualifiers, routes, yield, quality, loss/residue destinations, allocation and evidence
required_quality_disclosure	Coverage, calibration, estimates, weighting, mass-balance difference and data gaps
update_trigger	Material change in region, route, inputs, yield/quality basis, allocation or representativeness period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-crop-yield-water-2012	official_guidance	FAO, Crop yield response to water (2012), https://www.fao.org/4/i2800e/i2800e.pdf	water and route
fao-sugar-beet-white-sugar-2009	official_guidance	FAO, Sugar beet: white sugar (2009), https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/tci/docs/AH1-%28eng%29Sugar%20beet%20white%20sugar.pdf	identity, route, yield
fao-land-management-root-crops	official_guidance	FAO land-management/root-harvest guidance, https://www.fao.org/4/x5648e/x5648e0f.htm	harvest, soil, loss
us-epa-sugarbeet-processing-ap42	official_guidance	US EPA AP-42 9.10.1.2, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c9s10-1b.pdf	factory exclusion
usda-ers-sugarbeet-harvest-loss-2019	dataset	USDA ERS sugarbeet harvest (2019), https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/95396	loss context
uk-defra-sugar-beet-2024	dataset	UK Defra, Agriculture in the UK 2024, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/agriculture-in-the-united-kingdom-2024/chapter-7-crops	yield/sugar context
uk-nvz-nitrogen-2026	official_guidance	UK nitrogen fertiliser guidance, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-nitrogen-fertilisers-in-nitrate-vulnerable-zones	N check
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	method_factor	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4 Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/vol4.html	managed-soil N2O
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation-of-mass identity applied to linked foreground records	transfers and balance; not allocation-method selection
ghg-protocol-product-standard-2011	standard	WRI/WBCSD, Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (2011), chapter 9, pp. 63–66; https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard_041613.pdf	Allocation hierarchy and gate-matched market value; no site allocation fractions