Raw milk of camel

1. Scope and Applicability

Unprocessed dromedary or Bactrian milk at the actual producing-herd handover, warm or on-herd chilled. A mobile pastoral camp is not a fixed farm gate. Exclude heat treatment, separation, formulation, collection-centre processing and downstream delivery. Calf suckling is internal herd use, not saleable milk. [fao-camel-dairy; fao-camel-production; un-cpc-3]

For the accepted exact mapping to CPC 3.0 02293, the final reference product must be unskimmed and not partly skimmed, with a measured milk-fat mass fraction of at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk). Milk below this classification boundary is outside this PCR's declared CPC-linked product scope, including when its low fat content is natural. This is a classification eligibility condition, not a general milk-quality pass limit, an emission factor, or an instruction to standardize the milk. Retain the actual composition and state; do not replace measured net milk mass with fat-corrected milk. Source: un-cpc-3-02293.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.raw-milk-of-camel
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 02293
covered_products	Raw dromedary and Bactrian milk at actual producing-herd handover; unskimmed/not partly skimmed, measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk)
excluded_products	Pasteurized, fermented, separated, skimmed or formulated milk; collection-centre work and later transport; milk with fat content below 3.5%, skimmed or partly skimmed milk
representative_product	1 kg net raw camel milk at declared herd gate
production_route	Managed herd followed by independent milking capture; mobile pastoral and fixed housed/intensive management use mutually exclusive animal-day records. Conditional first conditioning and cooling are distinct.
market_state	Warm or on-herd chilled; disclose species, gate, temperature and conditioning

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Raw camel milk delivered by the producing herd
How much	1 kg net weighed handed-over milk
How well	Unprocessed, species and warm/chilled state declared
How long or cycle	Herd reporting period linked to lactation, dry, pregnancy and replacement phases
reference_flow_link	reference_product_handover

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Raw camel milk at mobile-camp or fixed-farm herd gate
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species; mobile or fixed gate; warm/chilled temperature; conditioning; milking method; period; measured density if converting volume; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
cpc_milk_scope	final reference milk	Milk-fat mass fraction, wet-milk basis	% or g/kg milk	Verify at least 3.5% (35 g/kg) on a sample matched to the actual handover lot, with method, sampling date and skimmed/not-skimmed state. Below-threshold or skimmed/partly skimmed milk is outside the declared CPC-linked scope. Missing or incomparable composition evidence prevents a classification claim; never assume eligibility from species, breed or a default fat content. This condition does not change net-mass normalization.
net_mass	reference milk	Mass	kg	Weigh after loss; convert volume only with batch temperature and measured density.
milk_partition	milking	Mass	kg	Reconcile collected, calf-consumed, rejected and final milk; flag inferred suckling.
period_link	herd	row-specific	row unit	Link animal-days, services and outputs to actual route and phase before per-kg normalization.
inventory_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	Actual flow property	exchange unit per reference flow	The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once.
stage_throughput_linkage	stage records and final package contributions	Actual flow property and its stated raw basis	retain native numerator and stage denominator units	Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Managed breeding and lactating herd at actual camp/pasture or fixed farm; acquired animals and feed disclosed.
starting_condition_role	Biological milk production, not dairy processing.
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 02293.
recursive_input_rule	Purchased raw camel milk remains a traced upstream input, not merged with own-herd yield.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Distinct datasets for purchased animals, feed, energy, water service and materials with origin.
disclosure	Species, route, actual gate, herd phases, calf share, manure, losses, cooling and independent outputs.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
gate	all routes	End at actual herd-to-buyer handover; mobile camp is not assumed fixed farm. Exclude later transport and centre work.	un-cpc-3; fao-camel-dairy
route_delta	herd	Mobile management records grazing and moved water/fuel; housed management records delivered feed, pumping, shelter and managed manure. Partition mixed-herd days.	fao-camel-dairy; fao-camel-production
raw_state	milk	Separate collected warm, prepared warm and cooled milk. Straining and cooling occur only with batch evidence; no heat treatment.	fao-camel-production
shared_asset	nodes	Allocate well, pump, vehicle, shelter, milking equipment or cooler to actual consumers and service periods once.	fao-camel-dairy
reference_handover_linkage	actual reference-product boundary	Record reference_handover as the same physical producer handover already represented by its source rows. It must not extend the gate or insert new processing, capture, storage, transport, service or capital burdens. For a unit-process projection, keep the actually operated stage references; the handover record may be a boundary interface in the resulting foreground package, not an invented standalone operation. Select one actual qualified route/output stratum; trace matching source and input as internal transfers and expose the accepted reference product once. If the source already ended at this gate, partition its existing handover responsibility without counting it again.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
herd_management	Camel herd management	required	full supporting herd period	Biological milk capacity, calves, culls, residues and emissions	kg net gate milk
milk_capture	Milking and calf sharing	required	each milking event	Independent capture and milk partition	kg collected milk
first_conditioning	First raw-milk conditioning	conditional	on-herd straining actually occurs	raw-to-prepared handoff and rejects	kg prepared milk
farm_cooling	On-herd cooling	conditional	measured cooling before handover	warm-to-chilled preservation and losses	kg chilled milk
producer_handover	Producer handover	required	actual mobile or fixed gate	one final raw product output	1 kg net gate milk
reference_handover	Actual producer reference-product handover	required	One actual declared route, state and producer gate per foreground package	Record the existing physical boundary handover once; linkage/accounting responsibility, not additional treatment or distribution	1 kg accepted product at the declared handover

Process: Camel herd management (herd_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Herd drinking water (herd_water)

Carried water at mobile camp or pumped water at farm, not assumed universal camel schedule.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to m3/kg milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Herd water (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: fao-camel-production
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: m3/kg milk
  • Basis: herd drinking water per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Calves and culled camels (animal_outputs)

Independent live animals at actual handover; replacements retained in herd are internal.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg live weight/kg milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Live camel outputs by class (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg live weight
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: fao-camel-dairy
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg live weight/kg milk
  • Basis: calves and culled camels per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Managed manure (herd_residues)

Record manure by destination; marketed dung is a co-product, not waste. Dead stock is a separate waste card.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Herd residues by destination (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg/kg milk
  • Basis: manure per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Dead camel stock for disposal (dead_stock)

Record non-marketable deaths with cause, mass and disposal destination; they are not cull co-products.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh or use class-specific documented estimate per death. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Dead camel stock by disposal route (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Range: Provisional mortality waste QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg/kg net milk
  • Basis: dead stock per kg net milk
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Enteric methane to air (enteric_ch4)

Calculate from recorded animal-days, feed and declared method; UUID is not an emission factor.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg CH4/kg milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic to air fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg CH4/kg milk
  • Basis: enteric methane to air per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Methane from manure management to air (manure_ch4)

Calculate methane from actual manure management system, volatile solids and herd class; keep distinct from enteric methane.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Apply selected method to herd-class and manure-stage records, normalized to net milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic to air fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
• Range: Provisional emissions screening interval, not method factor
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg CH4/kg milk
  • Basis: manure-stage air emission per kg net milk
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Nitrous oxide from manure management to air (manure_n2o)

Calculate direct and applicable indirect N2O separately from actual nitrogen excretion, management system and an applicable IPCC method; avoid double counting managed soils.

Coverage of this single N2O card: use calc_manure_n2o_coverage to calculate direct and applicable indirect components separately for the represented node, then report only their non-overlapping molecular-N2O sum assigned to this card. Keep storage and managed-soil calculations distinct. Exclude components explicitly covered by a linked process, retain the coverage evidence, and do not duplicate them as both aggregate and component exchanges. Missing indirect-pathway evidence is not zero.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Apply selected method to herd-class and manure-stage records, normalized to net milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
• Range: Provisional emissions screening interval, not method factor
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg N2O/kg milk
  • Basis: manure-stage air emission per kg net milk
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Ammonia from manure handling to air (manure_nh3)

Record only where method or measurements establish volatilized NH3 by handling stage; keep any indirect N2O calculation separate.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Apply selected method to herd-class and manure-stage records, normalized to net milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_herd
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
• Range: Provisional emissions screening interval, not method factor
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg NH3/kg milk
  • Basis: manure-stage air emission per kg net milk
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Milking and calf sharing (milk_capture)

Inputs

Product flows

Milking and cleaning water (milking_water)

Measure udder, vessel and equipment cleaning water for hand or mechanical milking.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to m3/kg collected milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Milking process water (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_milking
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: m3/kg collected milk
  • Basis: milking and cleaning water per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Collected warm milk (collected_milk)

Captured raw milk before conditioning, distinct from calf-consumed milk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg accounted milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Warm raw camel milk (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_milking
• Sources: fao-camel-production
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg accounted milk
  • Basis: collected warm milk per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Calf-consumed milk (calf_milk)

Observe or estimate suckling before or during milking; internal biological use, not marketed milk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg accounted milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Camel milk consumed by calf (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_milking
• Sources: fao-camel-production
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg accounted milk
  • Basis: calf-consumed milk per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Discarded milk at milking (milking_loss)

Record spilled or rejected milk and its destination; cleaning effluent is a separate waste card.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg collected milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Discarded raw camel milk by destination (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_milking
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg collected milk
  • Basis: discarded milk per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Milking cleaning wastewater (milking_wastewater)

Record used cleaning water leaving the milking node by treatment or discharge route; it is not milk loss.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg collected milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter discharge or use inlet less measured retained water, with destination. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

• Selected flow: Milking wastewater by destination (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_milking
• Range: Provisional wastewater QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: m3/kg collected milk
  • Basis: wastewater per kg collected milk
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: First raw-milk conditioning (first_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Raw milk for first conditioning (conditioning_input)

Transfer raw collected milk only if actual straining occurs; no second production credit.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg prepared milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Collected warm raw camel milk (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg prepared milk
  • Basis: raw milk for first conditioning per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared warm raw milk (prepared_milk)

Weigh retained milk after non-transformative straining, to warm handover or cooling.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg prepared milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Prepared warm raw camel milk (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning
• Range: Normalized mass identity
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg prepared milk
  • Basis: prepared warm raw milk per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Straining rejects (conditioning_rejects)

Record retained debris and rejected milk separately, excluding both from usable output.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg input milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Conditioning rejects (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg input milk
  • Basis: straining rejects per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: On-herd cooling (farm_cooling)

Inputs

Product flows

Warm usable milk for cooling (cooling_input)

Only usable raw milk enters conditional preservation.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg chilled milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Usable warm raw camel milk (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooling
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg chilled milk
  • Basis: warm usable milk for cooling per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Alternating current (cooling_energy_electricity)

Milk refrigeration and agitation only when actually performed under the producing herd/farm control. Measure the cooling period; establish backup generation separately and do not infer fuel from refrigeration demand.

Activate only for documented alternating-current consumption at this node. The identity leaves voltage, technology and provider unspecified; record them and select compatible upstream supply. Preserve measured kWh and convert exactly to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not interpret electric energy as combustion fuel or useful heat.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy (database reference property: net calorific value) 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect only this carrier quantity attributable to this node under cp_cooling. Reconcile inclusive services and shared use once; scale the attributed quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit. Preserve process-native throughput records; do not renormalize a final-reference amount.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_cooling
• Sources: milk-cooling-energy

Apply cooling_energy_identification in Section 8. No numerical range or default is inherited from the former aggregate card.

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Chilled usable milk (cooled_milk)

Internal transfer before final handover, not yet the fixed farm-gate flow.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg chilled milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Chilled raw camel milk internal (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooling
• Range: Normalized mass identity
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg chilled milk
  • Basis: chilled usable milk per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Cooling spoilage (cooling_loss)

Record rejected batches and spills by cause and disposal.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg cooling input. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Cooling milk loss (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooling
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg cooling input
  • Basis: cooling spoilage per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Producer handover (producer_handover)

Inputs

Product flows

Milk ready for gate (handover_input)

Transfer either warm or chilled state once, from the last active upstream node.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg delivered milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Raw camel milk ready for handover (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handover
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg delivered milk
  • Basis: milk ready for gate per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Warm raw milk at actual gate (warm_gate_milk)

Final warm output at declared mobile camp or fixed farm; chilled identity inapplicable.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg delivered milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

• Selected flow: Warm raw camel milk at producer gate (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handover
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg delivered milk
  • Basis: warm raw milk at actual gate per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Chilled raw milk at mobile-camp gate (chilled_mobile_gate_milk)

Conditional final output where cooling is actually performed at a mobile pastoral camp. It remains unbound because the verified chilled UUID requires a fixed farm gate.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Net weighed chilled milk at actual mobile camp; mutually exclusive with other final outputs. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

• Selected flow: Chilled raw camel milk at mobile-camp gate (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handover
• Range: Conditional chilled mobile-camp output share
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg delivered milk
  • Basis: mobile chilled share of net delivered raw milk
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Chilled raw milk at fixed farm gate (chilled_farm_gate_milk)

Final chilled output only at a fixed producing farm; chilled mobile-camp output remains unbound.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to kg/kg delivered milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

• Selected flow: Raw milk of camel, chilled, production mix at farm gate c20da2ab-1dac-40ad-9206-43996d07bcff
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handover
• Range: Provisional screening range, not a default value
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg delivered milk
  • Basis: chilled raw milk at fixed farm gate per stated denominator
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Actual producer reference-product handover (reference_handover)

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

Inputs

Product flows

Raw camel milk at mobile-camp or fixed-farm herd gate for actual producer-handover linkage (reference_handover_input)

This input matches the accepted goods represented by warm_gate_milk, chilled_mobile_gate_milk, chilled_farm_gate_milk under their unchanged route conditions. It is an internal source-to-handover linkage, not a newly purchased same-category good and not extra production. The matching source and input cancel at the package boundary.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: warm_gate_milk, chilled_mobile_gate_milk, chilled_farm_gate_milk

Required product-instance qualifiers: species; mobile or fixed gate; warm/chilled temperature; conditioning; milking method; period; measured density if converting volume; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

• Selected flow: Raw camel milk at mobile-camp or fixed-farm herd gate for actual producer-handover linkage

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Use measured accepted same-lot quantity reconciled to the linked source rows; normalize once to the declared reference flow.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)

• Normalization basis: per reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_reference_handover

• Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Raw camel milk at mobile-camp or fixed-farm herd gate (reference_product_handover)

This is the actual accepted reference product at the declared producer boundary, measured under cp_reference_handover. It is the sole external reference output; instantiate its real identity from the lot, not a broad fixed UUID.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: warm_gate_milk, chilled_mobile_gate_milk, chilled_farm_gate_milk

Required product-instance qualifiers: species; mobile or fixed gate; warm/chilled temperature; conditioning; milking method; period; measured density if converting volume; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

• Selected flow: Raw camel milk at mobile-camp or fixed-farm herd gate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: 1 kg

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)

• Normalization basis: per reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_reference_handover

• Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
output_set	herd and handover	Enumerate raw milk, independently sold/transferred calves and culls, and any marketed manure, dung fuel or fibre at first external handover. Own-herd suckling and retained replacements are internal; dead stock and discarded milk are waste.	fao-camel-dairy
allocation_precedence	inseparable herd burden	Subdivide directly measured milking and calf-rearing services first. For inseparable herd burdens use a defensible documented biophysical relation, otherwise period-specific economic allocation with prices and sensitivity. Never assign all breeding/dry-period burden to milk or silently expand the system.	fao-camel-dairy
period_attribution	herd periods	Link lactation, dry, pregnancy, calf-rearing and replacement periods to inputs, assets, births, deaths and outputs; allocate supporting-period burden once, with no universal annualization factor.	fao-camel-production
shared_service	shared assets	List all consumers and service periods of wells, pumps, vehicles, shelters, milking devices and coolers. Apportion measured water, energy or runtime once and disclose proxies.	fao-camel-dairy

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
herd_feed_specific_input	cp_herd	Operation herd_management: Record feed-supply dry matter, actual dry-matter intake and losses separately by route and animal phase. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.
herd_energy_specific_input	cp_herd	Operation herd_management: Fuel or electricity used for producer-side water and herd operations, shared service assigned once. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to MJ/kg milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.

Route-specific energy identification requirements

Select energy exchanges from the actual product state, operation, equipment and supply records. The conditional cards below are not a mandatory or exhaustive fuel list. For each requirement, document applicability and the used carrier, supplier, service period, native quantity and allocation; add a separate physically specific card and verify its UUID for any actual input not yet represented. An unidentified input remains an explicit completeness gap, never a zero or a generic energy exchange. Evidence of manual work, ambient drying or a bypass can justify non-use only for the affected operation. Preserve every required operation even when no example card is supplied.

Separate purchased supply from on-site conversion. Link self-generated electricity internally to the foreground generator and count its actual fuel and emissions there once; do not also charge a purchased-electricity supply for the same internal transfer. Likewise do not count supplier-side fuel again with purchased heat. Reconcile shared meters and contractor-included energy against existing cards, with one physical quantity assigned once. Retain source quantities, output throughput, shared-service allocation and excluded post-gate activities. For each carrier, apply period/output attribution once and scale to the declared reference quantity using matched accepted final output in the same product unit; do not normalize an already normalized amount again. Process-native intensities require a measured throughput link to that final output. These requirements do not set a consumption default or certify dataset completeness.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Required operation and evidence
cooling_energy_identification	cp_cooling	Milk refrigeration and agitation only when actually performed under the producing herd/farm control. Measure the cooling period; establish backup generation separately and do not infer fuel from refrigeration demand. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to MJ/kg chilled milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. (milk-cooling-energy)

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_herd	herd_management	herd inputs and outputs	herd log	species; class; route; phase; animal-days; feed; grazing; water; fuel; births; culls; manure; mortality	weigh, meter, dated register; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. herd_feed_specific_input: Operation herd_management: Record feed-supply dry matter, actual dry-matter intake and losses separately by route and animal phase. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. herd_energy_specific_input: Operation herd_management: Fuel or electricity used for producer-side water and herd operations, shared service assigned once. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to MJ/kg milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg; m3; MJ; head; day	daily/event	full supporting period	actual camps and farms	per reference flow	invoices, calibration, method version; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_milking	milk_capture	collected, calf and loss	event sheet	dam; method; collected mass; calf suckling; water; waste	scale, meter, observation; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile, then sum. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; m3	each event	milk period	milking point	per reference flow	calibrated scale and observation notes; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_conditioning	first_conditioning	raw, prepared, rejects	batch log	input; straining; retained; rejects; destination	scale and filter log; Raw aggregation requirements: input = retained + loss. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg	each applicable batch	milk period	herd point	per reference flow	scale and batch ID; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_cooling	farm_cooling	warm, energy, chilled, loss	cooler log	mass; time; temperature; fuel/electricity; reject	scale, thermometer, meter; Raw aggregation requirements: input = chilled + loss. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. Route-specific requirements: cooling_energy_identification: Milk refrigeration and agitation only when actually performed under the producing herd/farm control. Measure the cooling period; establish backup generation separately and do not infer fuel from refrigeration demand. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg net producer-gate milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Obtain by event, route and period, then normalize to MJ/kg chilled milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. (milk-cooling-energy) Verify actual use, equipment and supply for each applicable input; create one specific exchange per actual carrier before dataset completeness. Missing identity or quantity evidence remains unresolved, never zero. Distinguish purchased supply, internal generation and inclusive contractor services; count their energy once. Do not substitute the conditional examples for an unverified route.	kg; °C; MJ	each applicable batch	milk period	actual cooler	per reference flow	calibrated instruments; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_handover	producer_handover	final product	handover ticket	mobile/fixed location; buyer; state; temperature; net mass	weighed signed ticket; Raw aggregation requirements: exactly one state per batch. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; °C	each delivery	milk period	actual herd gate	per reference flow	ticket and scale check; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_reference_handover	reference_handover	accepted product and matched internal source transfer	producer handover ledger	lot_id, species, state, grade, route_id, gate, period, accepted_quantity, native_unit, source_row_id, source_lot_id, allocation_link	Measure accepted net product at the same actual gate; reconcile the listed state/gate-specific source rows and the linked input with this single physical output. Keep rejects, stock changes and other sales separate. No additional handling or transport is imputed.	kg; native source quantities	each actual handover	matched source and handover periods	declared producer gate only	per reference flow	traceable acceptance record, same-lot source-to-output ledger, calibrated quantity method and normalization worksheet
cp_feed_supply_and_intake	herd_management	Feed supply, intake and loss	stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger	feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output	Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output.	kg as-fed; kg DM	each issue and period close	complete represented cohort/period	actual operated feeding nodes	per reference flow	stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation
cp_manure_n2o_coverage	herd_management	Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage	pathway N ledger and method worksheet	species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output	Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once.	kg N; kg N2O	each reporting period and management change	complete represented management period	actual operated and explicitly linked nodes	per reference flow	N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
net_yield	final milk	Partition accepted handovers by species, warm or chilled state, and actual producer gate. For each stratum, sum only its accepted net milk mass and divide only its attributable inventory by that positive mass. Assign actual cooling inputs and losses only to the cooled route; attribute shared herd burdens once using the declared allocation rules. Warm plus chilled mass is a reconciliation total only, never the denominator of a single-state result.	cp_handover; state- and gate-specific accepted masses and attributable inventories	separate reference-normalized results for each state and gate	mass-balance-identity
milk_balance	milk	Accounted milk = collected + calf-consumed + disclosed uncollected; later input = retained + loss. No universal calf-share factor.	cp_milking; cp_conditioning; cp_cooling	reconciled kg and uncertainty	fao-camel-production; mass-balance-identity
enteric_method	methane	Apply documented class/feed/IPCC-consistent method to measured animal-days, not UUID-derived factor.	cp_herd	kg biogenic CH4	ipcc-livestock-2019
manure_air_method	manure CH4, N2O and NH3	Choose separately documented manure-system methane, direct nitrous oxide and volatilized ammonia methods using animal class, excretion, handling stage and destination. Reconcile direct and indirect nitrogen paths without duplicate emission.	cp_herd	kg CH4; kg N2O; kg NH3	ipcc-livestock-2019
attribution	herd and assets	Add direct and one share of supporting/shared burdens; allocate among independent outputs by disclosed precedence.	cp_herd; cp_handover	burden/kg milk	fao-camel-dairy
calc_feed_supply_and_intake	herd_feed	Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden.	cp_feed_supply_and_intake	separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
calc_manure_n2o_coverage	manure_n2o	For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero.	cp_manure_n2o_coverage	kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card	ipcc-livestock-2019; ipcc-managed-soils-2019
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_herd; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
gate_identity	final product	Species, mobile/fixed gate and state verified; fixed UUID only for chilled fixed farm.	signed ticket and flow detail
period_coverage	herd	Include supporting phases, calf share, culls, death and losses; disclose gaps.	dated registers
route_partition	mixed herd	No animal-day or shared asset service in two routes or periods.	dated movement/service logs
quantity_trace	all	Retain calibration, density conversion, estimates and method version; ranges do not replace data.	QA records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
v_cpc_milk_scope	final reference product and classification	Check the lot-matched measured milk-fat fraction is at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk) and that the milk is neither skimmed nor partly skimmed. Reject use of this exact CPC-linked scope for lower-fat or separated milk; missing evidence leaves classification eligibility undetermined, not assumed. Do not reinterpret this as a quality acceptance limit or change the actual composition.	un-cpc-3-02293
v_gate	reference milk	Reject the fixed chilled-farm UUID for warm, mobile, unspecified-gate or processed milk. Broad reference remains unbound.	un-cpc-3; fao-camel-dairy
v_mass	milk stages	Reconcile collected, calf-consumed, conditioned, chilled, rejected and handed-over milk, with one final output per batch.	fao-camel-production; mass-balance-identity
v_route	mixed herd	Verify route-specific feed, water, energy, manure and mutually exclusive animal-days; conditional interventions need batch records.	fao-camel-dairy; fao-camel-production
v_attribution	co-products and assets	Verify independent calves/culls, supporting periods and shared consumers; reject duplicate burdens.	fao-camel-dairy
v_range	amount QA	Provisional reasoned ranges are screening guardrails only, not measured defaults or acceptance limits.	mass-balance-identity
v_foreground_emission_responsibility	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
v_feed_supply_intake_separation	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
v_manure_n2o_coverage	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	ipcc-livestock-2019; ipcc-managed-soils-2019

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Producing-herd foreground raw camel milk
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset only for matching route and gate
allowed_use	Raw camel milk supply for matched species, route, state and handover
excluded_use	Processed milk, collection centre, downstream transport or generic fixed chilled identity on mobile gate
required_metadata	species; route and dates; gate; state; milk mass/density; calf share; periods; allocation; binding evidence
required_quality_disclosure	primary-data coverage, inferred calf share, loss balance, shared-service shares, emission method, UUID gaps
update_trigger	Changed species, route, gate, cooling, co-products or significant activity evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-02293	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC 3.0 02293: explanatory note	Species-specific classification scope and low-fat/skimmed/partly skimmed exclusion; not a general quality or emission threshold
un-cpc-3	official_guidance	UN CPC 3.0 explanatory notes	classification boundary
fao-camel-dairy	official_guidance	FAO camel dairy	species, mobile route, co-products
fao-camel-production	handbook	FAO camel milk production	calf sharing, variable yield, milking
ipcc-livestock-2019	method_factor	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Vol. 4 Ch. 10	emissions method selection
mass-balance-identity	standard	Conservation of mass: input = retained plus losses	milk QA identity
fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018	official_guidance	FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains, section 11.2.2	Feed supply versus intake and waste burden, not animal parameters. Applying this accounting principle to the declared taxon is this PCR's methodological choice; no pig diet or emission factor is transferred.
ipcc-managed-soils-2019	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11	Direct/indirect nitrogen pathways and coordination of manure storage with managed-soil emissions; select applicable species and management evidence.
milk-cooling-energy	official_guidance	FAO, Solar energy in small-scale milk collection and processing, Chapter 2. https://www.fao.org/4/X6541E/X6541E02.htm	Electric refrigeration mechanism only; no species-specific quantity or assumed cooling/generation route is adopted.