Raw milk of sheep

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published versionLast updated2026-10-20
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

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Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:02291 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products/live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat/raw-milk-of-sheepsha256:e4739d838a0f…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers unprocessed ovine milk from a dairy sheep herd at the actual producing-farm handover. Warm raw and on-farm chilled raw milk are alternative final states, with exactly one selected per lot. Exclude heat-treated, formulated, independently skimmed or partly skimmed milk, collection-centre processing and downstream dairy products. Record breed, herd, lactation phase, temperature, first conditioning and cooling status. Sources: un-cpc-3-2025, fao-small-ruminant-dairy, fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016.

For the accepted exact mapping to CPC 3.0 02291, the final reference product must be unskimmed and not partly skimmed, with a measured milk-fat mass fraction of at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk). Milk below this classification boundary is outside this PCR's declared CPC-linked product scope, including when its low fat content is natural. This is a classification eligibility condition, not a general milk-quality pass limit, an emission factor, or an instruction to standardize the milk. Retain the actual composition and state; do not replace measured net milk mass with fat-corrected milk. Source: un-cpc-3-02291.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.raw-milk-of-sheep
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 02291 Raw milk of sheep
covered_products	Unprocessed raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled on farm.; unskimmed/not partly skimmed, measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk)
excluded_products	Pasteurized, heat-treated, formulated, independently skimmed or partly skimmed milk; downstream dairy products.; milk with fat content below 3.5%, skimmed or partly skimmed milk
representative_product	1 kg measured raw sheep milk at actual producing-farm gate.
production_route	Managed dairy ewe biological production, independent milking/collection, optional first straining/filtration, optional on-farm chilling, then one final handover. Pasture and housed/concentrate management are evidence-specific alternatives of the same managed herd parent.
market_state	Raw liquid sheep milk, warm or chilled at producing-farm gate.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Raw liquid sheep milk from the producing dairy herd at actual farm handover.
How much	1 kg measured accepted milk; retain measured volume and density if converting.
How well	Unheated, unformulated, unseparated; disclose temperature and first filtration/chilling.
How long or cycle	Milking batch and linked ewe lactation, breeding and replacement periods.
reference_flow_link	`reference_product_handover`

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	sheep species and dairy breed; herd/farm; milking batch; warm/chilled state; actual temperature; first filtration/chilling; actual producer gate; lactation period; mass or volume-density method; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

The confirmed chilled farm-gate Product UUID is not a broad warm-or-chilled reference identity.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`cpc_milk_scope`	final reference milk	Milk-fat mass fraction, wet-milk basis	% or g/kg milk	Verify at least 3.5% (35 g/kg) on a sample matched to the actual handover lot, with method, sampling date and skimmed/not-skimmed state. Below-threshold or skimmed/partly skimmed milk is outside the declared CPC-linked scope. Missing or incomparable composition evidence prevents a classification claim; never assume eligibility from species, breed or a default fat content. This condition does not change net-mass normalization.
`milk_mass`	Final raw milk	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Measure accepted mass at producing-farm gate; record density and temperature for volume conversion.
`milk_state`	Warm/chilled route	Mass and temperature	kg; °C	Preserve actual state; never infer chilled identity from a generic raw-milk name.
`feed_basis`	Ewe feed/forage	As-fed or dry basis	kg	State feed moisture and pasture-intake method before aggregation.
`energy_basis`	Milking/chilling energy	Carrier-specific property	supplier unit	Preserve carrier, unit and documented conversion.
`inventory_reference_normalization`	all inventory rows	Actual flow property	exchange unit per reference flow	The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once.
`stage_throughput_linkage`	stage records and final package contributions	Actual flow property and its stated raw basis	retain native numerator and stage denominator units	Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Dairy ewe herd with documented replacement stock, feed/forage, water, milking services and any operated conditioning/chilling equipment.
starting_condition_role	Biological production starting point and purchased input/service provenance.
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 02291 raw sheep milk; lambs, culls, wool and independently transferred manure are distinct products where actually sold.
recursive_input_rule	Purchased raw sheep milk from another farm carries upstream burden once; internal milk transfers link to producing nodes and are not re-imported as external input.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link purchased feed, replacement stock, water, energy, filter media and services to source-specific upstream data; disclose missing inputs.
disclosure	Declare farm/herd/breed, pasture or housed period, lactation and replacement, lamb suckling/retained milk, milking/filter/chilling route, final state/gate, manure fate, co-outputs and shared facilities.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`one_final_state`	Final lot	Choose exactly one warm or chilled final producing-farm milk state; intermediate transfers are not additional final sold milk.	`un-cpc-3-2025`
`milking_capture`	Ewe milk	Separate milking from herd biological production because collection establishes measured saleable milk versus spill/reject before conditioning.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`first_conditioning`	Optional straining	Include only actually operated first filtration with warm collected input, prepared raw output, material input and rejects; no heat treatment.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`farm_chilling`	Optional cooling	Include only actual farm cooling, recording warm input, energy, chilled raw output, losses and final temperature.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`pasture_housed_delta`	Alternative herd regimes	Both retain managed ewe production; pasture changes grazed-feed measurement and manure placement, while housed/concentrate management changes feed sourcing, housing water and manure storage. Choose evidenced categories and calculation per flock-period, splitting documented mixed periods.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`period_shared`	Herd and milk nodes	Link breeding, lactation, dry and replacement periods and shared parlour/tank/pump services to beneficiary output batches once.	`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`
`reference_handover_linkage`	actual reference-product boundary	Record reference_handover as the same physical producer handover already represented by its source rows. It must not extend the gate or insert new processing, capture, storage, transport, service or capital burdens. For a unit-process projection, keep the actually operated stage references; the handover record may be a boundary interface in the resulting foreground package, not an invented standalone operation. Select one actual qualified route/output stratum; trace matching source and input as internal transfers and expose the accepted reference product once. If the source already ended at this gate, partition its existing handover responsibility without counting it again.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`ewe_herd`	Dairy ewe herd	`required`	Always for milk-producing sheep.	Managed breeding, lactation and dry-period biological production.	per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
`milking`	Milking and raw collection	`required`	Actual collection of raw milk.	Independent milk harvest and hygienic first handover.	per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
`primary_conditioning`	First straining or filtration	`conditional`	Only when first on-farm filtration is operated.	Raw collected milk to prepared raw milk, not heat treatment.	per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
`farm_chilling`	On-farm raw-milk chilling	`conditional`	Only for actual chilled final route.	Usable warm state to stabilized chilled raw state.	per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
`farm_handover`	Producing-farm milk handover	`required`	One warm or chilled final gate per lot.	Accepted final milk and losses at actual producing farm.	per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
`reference_handover`	Actual producer reference-product handover	required	One actual declared route, state and producer gate per foreground package	Record the existing physical boundary handover once; linkage/accounting responsibility, not additional treatment or distribution	1 kg accepted product at the declared handover

Process: Dairy ewe herd (`ewe_herd`)

Inputs

Product flows

Ewe drinking and service water (`herd_water`)

Actual drinking and service uses are split from foreground records; group deferred.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter water assigned to ewe herd and period. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Ewe-herd water by actual use
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_herd_inputs
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1000
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Biological milk transferred to milking (`milk_to_milking`)

This internal herd output is measured by the matching milking lot and is not final sold milk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Assign collected milk mass to the ewe period once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Internal warm sheep milk; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Independently sold lambs (`sold_lambs`)

Only actual lamb handovers are co-products; record live mass and count.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure lamb mass/count at their own handover. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Live lambs; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_herd_outputs
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Independently sold culled ewes (`culled_ewes`)

Separate sold living ewes from mortality.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure live mass/count at separate transfer. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Live culled ewes; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_herd_outputs
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Sold manure product (`sold_manure`)

Only intentionally transferred manure with product handover evidence.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh manure at independent sale/transfer. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Sheep manure product; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_herd_outputs
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Unsold manure (`unsold_manure`)

Manure not sold remains residue/waste by fate; do not duplicate sold fraction.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh/reconcile manure and disposal destination. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Sheep manure residue/waste; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_herd_outputs
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Ewe mortality (`ewe_mortality`)

Record dead ewes separately from independently sold live culls and document their disposal route.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Count mortalities and calculate mass from observed class-specific weights or weigh removals. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Dead ewe biological waste; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_herd_outputs
Range: Provisional mortality screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Elementary flows

Enteric biogenic methane to air (`enteric_ch4`)

Use the ewe enteric pathway and air receiving medium, not a factor from the UUID.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Calculate from observed ewe class/feed and documented enteric method. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_records
Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Manure biogenic methane to air (`manure_ch4`)

Identify manure storage/treatment pathway separately from enteric methane.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Calculate from observed manure system and documented method. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_records
Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Manure nitrous oxide to air (`manure_n2o`)

Identify specific manure nitrogen pathway and air medium.

Coverage of this single N2O card: use calc_manure_n2o_coverage to calculate direct and applicable indirect components separately for the represented node, then report only their non-overlapping molecular-N2O sum assigned to this card. Keep storage and managed-soil calculations distinct. Exclude components explicitly covered by a linked process, retain the coverage evidence, and do not duplicate them as both aggregate and component exchanges. Missing indirect-pathway evidence is not zero.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Calculate from observed nitrogen/system and documented method tier. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Nitrous oxide, to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_records
Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Manure ammonia to air (`manure_nh3`)

Use independent NH3 measurement or separately sourced factor, not IPCC CH4/N2O factor.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record measured NH3 for actual manure/housing pathway. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Ammonia, to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_manure_records
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Process: Milking and raw collection (`milking`)

Inputs

Product flows

Biological ewe milk entering collection (`milk_at_udder`)

Internal herd milk crosses into collection once, measured at this milking lot.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure milk from lactating ewes, including retained lamb milk disclosure. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Warm raw sheep milk before collection; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Milking hygiene process water (`milking_water`)

Teat and equipment cleaning water is distinct from ewe drinking water.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter milking-cleaning water. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Milking process water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_services
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1000
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Electricity at the equipment supply point (`milking_energy_electricity`)

Collection scope and applicability for milking_energy. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record actual energy carrier and assigned service period. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter/invoice energy attributable to milking. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Energy accounting basis: retain separate carrier quantities in their native units. Convert electricity from kWh to MJ using 3.6; convert fuel mass/volume only with documented carrier-specific calorific value and, where needed, density. This card reports the MJ accounting quantity, not a mass exchange or a summed mixed-carrier flow. Final exchanges retain their actual carrier property and unit; do not add kg, L, kWh and MJ or assign one carrier UUID to their total.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_milking_services and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_services
Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (`milking_energy_diesel`)

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_milking_services and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_services
Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Collected warm raw milk (`warm_collected_milk`)

This usable milk is before optional filtration/chilling or warm final gate.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure hygienically accepted warm milk. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Warm collected raw sheep milk; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Milking rejects and spills (`milking_rejects`)

Separate rejected milk from saleable collected milk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile input versus accepted milk and disposal. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Rejected sheep milk waste; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Milking cleaning wastewater (`milking_wastewater`)

Track cleaning effluent and its destination, separate from milk rejects.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile discharge with supplied cleaning water. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Milking wastewater; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_milking_services
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1000
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Elementary flows

Process: First straining or filtration (`primary_conditioning`)

Inputs

Product flows

Warm milk entering first filtration (`conditioning_milk`)

Collected warm milk enters one bounded non-thermal filtering step.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure transferred warm milk mass. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Warm raw sheep milk for filtration; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared warm raw milk (`conditioned_warm_milk`)

First filtered milk remains unheated/raw and transfers to chilling or handover.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure net prepared milk mass. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Filtered warm raw sheep milk; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: On-farm raw-milk chilling (`farm_chilling`)

Inputs

Product flows

Usable warm milk before chilling (`chilling_milk`)

Receive milk from milking or conditioning once for this physical lot.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure warm milk and starting temperature. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Warm raw sheep milk before chilling; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_chilling_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Electricity at the equipment supply point (`chilling_energy_electricity`)

Collection scope and applicability for chilling_energy. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record actual carrier and meter; no universal refrigeration factor. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Assign metered energy to milk lot. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Energy accounting basis: retain separate carrier quantities in their native units. Convert electricity from kWh to MJ using 3.6; convert fuel mass/volume only with documented carrier-specific calorific value and, where needed, density. This card reports the MJ accounting quantity, not a mass exchange or a summed mixed-carrier flow. Final exchanges retain their actual carrier property and unit; do not add kg, L, kWh and MJ or assign one carrier UUID to their total.

Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_chilling_lot and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chilling_lot
Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (`chilling_energy_diesel`)

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_chilling_lot and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chilling_lot
Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Chilled raw milk before farm gate (`chilled_internal_milk`)

Milk remains raw after cooling; internal transfer is not the farm-gate identity.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure chilled mass and ending temperature. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Internal chilled raw sheep milk; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_chilling_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Chilling losses and rejects (`chilling_losses`)

Separate spills/rejected milk from usable chilled milk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile input versus accepted output and disposal. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Chilling rejected milk; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_chilling_lot
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 100
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Elementary flows

Process: Producing-farm milk handover (`farm_handover`)

Inputs

Product flows

Warm raw milk for farm handover (`warm_for_gate`)

Only non-chilled route, from milking or conditioning once.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure warm milk presented for handover. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Warm raw sheep milk before gate; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_farm_handover
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Chilled raw milk for farm handover (`chilled_for_gate`)

Only chilled route, from farm-chilling node once.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure chilled milk presented for handover. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Chilled raw sheep milk before gate; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_farm_handover
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Warm raw sheep milk at farm gate (`warm_final_milk`)

Final warm/unprocessed milk; chilled UUID is incompatible.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: 1 kg measured accepted warm milk if warm route selected. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

Selected flow: Warm raw sheep milk at producing-farm gate; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_farm_handover
Range: Reference mass-balance QA
- Range role: qa_guardrail
- Lower: 1
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: method_formula
- Sources: mass-balance-identity

Chilled raw sheep milk at farm gate (`chilled_final_milk`)

Exact chilled unprocessed sheep-milk Product at producing farm gate.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: 1 kg measured accepted chilled milk if chilled route selected. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Raw milk of sheep, chilled, farm gate 8b3a0949-2be7-413b-bdc3-0f1f8942eb61
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_farm_handover
Range: Reference mass-balance QA
- Range role: qa_guardrail
- Lower: 1
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: method_formula
- Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Final milk losses and rejects (`gate_losses`)

Do not count rejected milk as final saleable raw milk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Presented minus accepted sold mass, reconciled with disposal. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Selected flow: Rejected sheep milk waste; UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_farm_handover
Range: Provisional screening interval
- Range role: default_estimate
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 10
- Unit: kg/kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis: per 1 kg final raw sheep milk
- Basis kind: reference_flow
- Evidence kind: reasoned_estimate

Elementary flows

Process: Actual producer reference-product handover (`reference_handover`)

Inputs

Product flows

Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled for actual producer-handover linkage (`reference_handover_input`)

This input matches the accepted goods represented by warm_final_milk, chilled_final_milk under their unchanged route conditions. It is an internal source-to-handover linkage, not a newly purchased same-category good and not extra production. The matching source and input cancel at the package boundary.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: warm_final_milk, chilled_final_milk

Required product-instance qualifiers: sheep species and dairy breed; herd/farm; milking batch; warm/chilled state; actual temperature; first filtration/chilling; actual producer gate; lactation period; mass or volume-density method; unskimmed/not partly skimmed; measured milk-fat mass fraction at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk), with lot-matched assay method and sampling date

Selected flow: Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled for actual producer-handover linkage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use measured accepted same-lot quantity reconciled to the linked source rows; normalize once to the declared reference flow.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_reference_handover
Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 1
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg
- Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled (`reference_product_handover`)

This is the actual accepted reference product at the declared producer boundary, measured under cp_reference_handover. It is the sole external reference output; instantiate its real identity from the lot, not a broad fixed UUID.

Selected source/interface rows: warm_final_milk, chilled_final_milk

Selected flow: Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: 1 kg
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_reference_handover
Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 1
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg
- Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`output_census`	Ewe herd	Enumerate raw milk, independently sold lambs/culls, wool if shorn and sold, and exported manure at actual handovers. Mortality and unsold manure remain waste/residue. A sold-wool exchange must be added from actual records.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`allocation_precedence`	Joint herd outputs	Subdivide measured activity where possible; otherwise use documented physical causality where defensible, then contemporaneous economic value with period and sensitivity. No default substitution credit.	`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`
`period_attribution`	Breeding/lactation/replacement	Attribute feed, service, milk, lambs, culls and events to observed periods; carry cross-period burden once and disclose lamb milk retention.	`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`
`shared_attribution`	Parlour, tank, pump, meter	List every herd/milking/conditioning/chilling consumer and service period; allocate by metered use or documented time/throughput and reconcile to total without duplication.	`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
`herd_feed_specific_input`	`cp_herd_inputs`	Operation ewe_herd: Record actual grazed, harvested and purchased feed by origin and basis. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.
`filter_media_specific_input`	`cp_conditioning_lot`	Operation primary_conditioning: Use only the actual single-use media; reusable equipment is shared service. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh media issued per lot. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
`cp_herd_inputs`	`ewe_herd`	Feed, forage, water	Feed stock/grazing and meter	herd; period; feed type; stocks; pasture method; water source/meter	Reconcile intake by ewe class and period; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. `herd_feed_specific_input`: Operation ewe_herd: Record actual grazed, harvested and purchased feed by origin and basis. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg	per feed/meter interval	full lactation and dry periods	ewe herd	per reference flow	feed ledger; grazing estimate; meter; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_herd_outputs`	`ewe_herd`	Lambs, culls, manure, mortality	Birth/movement/sales/death	herd; period; lamb/cull/death count and mass; manure mass; gate; destination	Count/weigh separate output, loss and mortality; Raw aggregation requirements: product versus waste by handover. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; head	per event	reproductive/replacement period	ewe herd	per reference flow	birth/death register; scale; sales/disposal; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_manure_records`	`ewe_herd`	Manure and air species	Manure/N/enteric records	ewe class; period; feed; manure pathway; volatile solids; N; CH4/N2O factor; independent NH3 observation	CH4/N2O by actual method; NH3 only measured or separately sourced; Raw aggregation requirements: one pathway per manure fraction. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg substance	per herd period	full housing/grazing/manure period	ewe herd/manure node	per reference flow	analysis; method worksheet; NH3 record; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_milking_lot`	`milking`	Biological/collected/rejected milk	Milking sheet and tank	herd; ewe count; time; volume; density; temperature; mass; rejects	Meter each lot and reconcile retained/spilled milk; Raw aggregation requirements: sum accepted and loss by lot. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; L	per milking	full milking period	parlour	per reference flow	tank calibration; milking log; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_milking_services`	`milking`	Hygiene water, energy, wastewater	Meter/invoice and washdown	lot; water; carrier; cleaning interval; wastewater destination	Assign shared services to lots; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile water in/out. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; kWh; MJ	per meter interval	full milking period	parlour	per reference flow	meter; cleaning log; invoice; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_conditioning_lot`	`primary_conditioning`	Milk, filter, rejects	Filter/lot sheet	lot; input mass; filter mass; accepted mass; residue; destination	Weigh/reconcile input, output and rejects; Raw aggregation requirements: one physical milk transfer. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `filter_media_specific_input`: Operation primary_conditioning: Use only the actual single-use media; reusable equipment is shared service. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh media issued per lot. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. `conditioning_rejects_specific_output`: Record solids/media and retained milk loss by actual disposal route. Denominator and scope requirements：per 1 kg final raw sheep milk Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile filtering input, prepared output and residual. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory specific-output collection requirement, not a selected exchange. Preserve every actual waste, residue, reject and co-product from this operation. Create separate cards for physically distinct streams with actual material, composition/state, quantity, receiving route and Product/Waste role before dataset completeness; verify a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. A genuinely mixed stream may remain one physically defined mixture supported by composition records; never invent separation or count its components again. Keep liquid and solid treatment quantities separate. Preserve original period, output balance, reference normalization and allocation rules; missing records do not establish zero or exclusion.	kg	per lot	full conditioning	farm conditioning	per reference flow	scale; filter log; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_chilling_lot`	`farm_chilling`	Warm/chilled milk, energy, loss	Tank/meter	lot; warm mass/temp; chilled mass/temp; energy; reject	Measure before/after state and carrier energy; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile milk balance. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; °C; kWh; MJ	per lot	full chilling	farm chilling	per reference flow	tank; meter log; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_farm_handover`	`farm_handover`	Warm/chilled final milk and loss	Farm-gate acceptance	lot; gate; raw status; mass; temp; sold/returned/lost	Weigh accepted milk and record one route; Raw aggregation requirements: normalize accepted milk to 1 kg. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; °C	per lot	milking to gate	producing farm	per reference flow	delivery note; scale; temperature log; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
`cp_reference_handover`	`reference_handover`	accepted product and matched internal source transfer	producer handover ledger	lot_id, species, state, grade, route_id, gate, period, accepted_quantity, native_unit, source_row_id, source_lot_id, allocation_link	Measure accepted net product at the same actual gate; reconcile the listed state/gate-specific source rows and the linked input with this single physical output. Keep rejects, stock changes and other sales separate. No additional handling or transport is imputed.	kg; native source quantities	each actual handover	matched source and handover periods	declared producer gate only	per reference flow	traceable acceptance record, same-lot source-to-output ledger, calibrated quantity method and normalization worksheet
`cp_feed_supply_and_intake`	`ewe_herd`	Feed supply, intake and loss	stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger	feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output	Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output.	kg as-fed; kg DM	each issue and period close	complete represented cohort/period	actual operated feeding nodes	per reference flow	stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation
`cp_manure_n2o_coverage`	`ewe_herd`	Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage	pathway N ledger and method worksheet	species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output	Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once.	kg N; kg N2O	each reporting period and management change	complete represented management period	actual operated and explicitly linked nodes	per reference flow	N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
`feed_consumed`	Ewe feed	Opening stock + deliveries/harvest − closing stock − returns; pasture intake separately evidenced.	stocks; supply; grazing	kg feed by type/period	`mass-balance-identity`
`milk_volume_mass`	Volume records	Milk kg = measured L × lot-measured density, not a universal density.	L; density; temp	kg raw milk	`mass-balance-identity`
`milk_balance`	Milking to handover	At each node input milk = accepted output + rejected/lost milk within meter uncertainty; internal transfer not sale twice.	input; accepted; rejects	kg accepted and lost	`mass-balance-identity`
`herd_ch4_n2o`	Enteric/manure emissions	Use observed ewe class, feed, volatile solids/N and manure pathway with documented method tier; UUID is not a factor.	herd; feed; VS; N; pathway; factor	kg CH4/N2O separately	`ipcc-livestock-2019`
`nh3_measurement`	Manure NH3	Use independent measured NH3 or separately sourced compatible method, not CH4/N2O factor.	NH3 observation/method	kg NH3
`shared_reconcile`	Shared parlour/chiller	Node-period shares sum to measured service total within uncertainty.	meter; time/throughput	allocated service	`mass-balance-identity`
`calc_feed_supply_and_intake`	`herd_feed`	Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden.	`cp_feed_supply_and_intake`	separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units	`fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018`
`calc_manure_n2o_coverage`	`manure_n2o`	For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero.	`cp_manure_n2o_coverage`	kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card	`ipcc-livestock-2019`; `ipcc-managed-soils-2019`
`chemical_species_mass_accounting`	`elementary_nutrient_emissions`	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	`cp_manure_records`; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
`dq_identity`	Final milk	Record ovine herd/breed, farm/gate, batch, raw/warm/chilled state, temperature and mass.	herd register; acceptance note; tank log
`dq_route`	All nodes	Identify pasture/housed periods, actual conditioning/chilling, lamb suckling/retention, purchased/internal inputs.	enterprise map; herd/milk ledger
`dq_complete`	Milk, feed, water, energy, manure	Reconcile whole-period inputs/outputs, missing data, losses, manure fate and co-output handovers.	stock, meter, sales/disposal
`dq_attribution`	Joint and shared	Archive period, physical/economic allocation basis, shares and sensitivity; prevent duplicate burden.	attribution worksheet

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`v_cpc_milk_scope`	final reference product and classification	Check the lot-matched measured milk-fat fraction is at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk) and that the milk is neither skimmed nor partly skimmed. Reject use of this exact CPC-linked scope for lower-fat or separated milk; missing evidence leaves classification eligibility undetermined, not assumed. Do not reinterpret this as a quality acceptance limit or change the actual composition.	`un-cpc-3-02291`
`validate_raw_state`	Final reference	Verify unheated, unseparated ovine raw milk and exactly one warm/chilled farm-gate product; chilled UUID cannot fill broad reference or warm output.	`un-cpc-3-2025`
`validate_balance`	Milk nodes	Reconcile collected, filtered, chilled and accepted lots with rejects; no intermediate milk sold-final twice.	`mass-balance-identity`
`validate_outputs`	Herd allocation	Check milk, sold lambs/culls, actual wool/manure transfer, mortality and unsold manure status/gates before allocation.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`validate_periods`	Herd/milking	Link breeding, lactation, dry and replacement periods/events to benefiting milk and animals once.	`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`
`validate_shared`	Shared assets	Identify all parlour, tank, pump, chiller and meter consumers/periods; reconcile allocated shares to totals.	`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`
`validate_route`	Pasture/housed	Require actual feed, water and manure evidence; never stack incompatible route assumptions.	`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`
`v_foreground_emission_responsibility`	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
`v_feed_supply_intake_separation`	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	`fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018`
`v_manure_n2o_coverage`	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	`ipcc-livestock-2019`; `ipcc-managed-soils-2019`

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground package for one producing-farm raw sheep-milk lot.
downstream_use	After review, may become `secondary_dataset` or `background_dataset` for process/lifecyclemodel projection.
allowed_use	Declared ovine raw milk state and farm gate with measured mass, herd/period, inputs, emissions, losses and co-outputs.
excluded_use	Processed/skimmed milk, inferred chilled state, collection-centre gate or undeclared joint-output assumptions.
required_metadata	Farm/gate, herd/breed, milking lot, warm/chilled state, temperature, raw conditioning, period and verified concrete flow selection.
required_quality_disclosure	Feed/pasture measurement, lamb milk retention, milk loss, manure pathway, emission method, allocations and unresolved identities/ranges.
update_trigger	Changed product state/gate, herd route, manure system, allocation basis or verified UUID.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
`un-cpc-3-02291`	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC 3.0 02291: explanatory note	Species-specific classification scope and low-fat/skimmed/partly skimmed exclusion; not a general quality or emission threshold
`un-cpc-3-2025`	`official_guidance`	https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Raw sheep milk classification/exclusion.
`fao-small-ruminant-dairy`	`official_guidance`	https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/dairy/small-ruminants/en	Dairy sheep routes and output context.
`fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016`	`official_guidance`	https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i6434en	Small-ruminant LCA boundary, allocation and activity data.
`ipcc-livestock-2019`	`method_factor`	https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch10_Livestock.pdf	Enteric and manure CH4/N2O methods.
`mass-balance-identity`	`method_factor`	Conservation of measured milk, material and service quantities	QA identity, not empirical sheep-milk factor.
`fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018`	official_guidance	FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains, section 11.2.2	Feed supply versus intake and waste burden, not animal parameters. Applying this accounting principle to the declared taxon is this PCR's methodological choice; no pig diet or emission factor is transferred.
`ipcc-managed-soils-2019`	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11	Direct/indirect nitrogen pathways and coordination of manure storage with managed-soil emissions; select applicable species and management evidence.
`fao-agricultural-energy`	official_guidance	FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities

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Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 7

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`one_final_state`	Final lot	Choose exactly one warm or chilled final producing-farm milk state; intermediate transfers are not additional final sold milk.	un-cpc-3-2025
`milking_capture`	Ewe milk	Separate milking from herd biological production because collection establishes measured saleable milk versus spill/reject before conditioning.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`first_conditioning`	Optional straining	Include only actually operated first filtration with warm collected input, prepared raw output, material input and rejects; no heat treatment.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`farm_chilling`	Optional cooling	Include only actual farm cooling, recording warm input, energy, chilled raw output, losses and final temperature.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`pasture_housed_delta`	Alternative herd regimes	Both retain managed ewe production; pasture changes grazed-feed measurement and manure placement, while housed/concentrate management changes feed sourcing, housing water and manure storage. Choose evidenced categories and calculation per flock-period, splitting documented mixed periods.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`period_shared`	Herd and milk nodes	Link breeding, lactation, dry and replacement periods and shared parlour/tank/pump services to beneficiary output batches once.	fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016
`reference_handover_linkage`	actual reference-product boundary	Record reference_handover as the same physical producer handover already represented by its source rows. It must not extend the gate or insert new processing, capture, storage, transport, service or capital burdens. For a unit-process projection, keep the actually operated stage references; the handover record may be a boundary interface in the resulting foreground package, not an invented standalone operation. Select one actual qualified route/output stratum; trace matching source and input as internal transfers and expose the accepted reference product once. If the source already ended at this gate, partition its existing handover responsibility without counting it again.

Allocation rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`output_census`	Ewe herd	Enumerate raw milk, independently sold lambs/culls, wool if shorn and sold, and exported manure at actual handovers. Mortality and unsold manure remain waste/residue. A sold-wool exchange must be added from actual records.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`allocation_precedence`	Joint herd outputs	Subdivide measured activity where possible; otherwise use documented physical causality where defensible, then contemporaneous economic value with period and sensitivity. No default substitution credit.	fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016
`period_attribution`	Breeding/lactation/replacement	Attribute feed, service, milk, lambs, culls and events to observed periods; carry cross-period burden once and disclose lamb milk retention.	fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016
`shared_attribution`	Parlour, tank, pump, meter	List every herd/milking/conditioning/chilling consumer and service period; allocate by metered use or documented time/throughput and reconcile to total without duplication.	fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016
`allocation_rule_5`	foreground_burden_allocation	Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

Validation rules · 10

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`v_cpc_milk_scope`	final reference product and classification	Check the lot-matched measured milk-fat fraction is at least 3.5% (35 g/kg milk) and that the milk is neither skimmed nor partly skimmed. Reject use of this exact CPC-linked scope for lower-fat or separated milk; missing evidence leaves classification eligibility undetermined, not assumed. Do not reinterpret this as a quality acceptance limit or change the actual composition.	un-cpc-3-02291
`validate_raw_state`	Final reference	Verify unheated, unseparated ovine raw milk and exactly one warm/chilled farm-gate product; chilled UUID cannot fill broad reference or warm output.	un-cpc-3-2025
`validate_balance`	Milk nodes	Reconcile collected, filtered, chilled and accepted lots with rejects; no intermediate milk sold-final twice.	mass-balance-identity
`validate_outputs`	Herd allocation	Check milk, sold lambs/culls, actual wool/manure transfer, mortality and unsold manure status/gates before allocation.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`validate_periods`	Herd/milking	Link breeding, lactation, dry and replacement periods/events to benefiting milk and animals once.	fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016
`validate_shared`	Shared assets	Identify all parlour, tank, pump, chiller and meter consumers/periods; reconcile allocated shares to totals.	fao-leap-small-ruminants-2016
`validate_route`	Pasture/housed	Require actual feed, water and manure evidence; never stack incompatible route assumptions.	fao-small-ruminant-dairy
`v_foreground_emission_responsibility`	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
`v_feed_supply_intake_separation`	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
`v_manure_n2o_coverage`	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	ipcc-livestock-2019, ipcc-managed-soils-2019

Processes and inputs/outputs · 6

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`ewe_herd`	Dairy ewe herd	1	10
`milking`	Milking and raw collection	4	3
`primary_conditioning`	First straining or filtration	1	1
`farm_chilling`	On-farm raw-milk chilling	3	2
`farm_handover`	Producing-farm milk handover	2	3
`reference_handover`	Actual producer reference-product handover	1	1

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Raw milk of sheep

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Boundary Rules

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Dairy ewe herd (ewe_herd)

Inputs

Product flows

Ewe drinking and service water (herd_water)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Biological milk transferred to milking (milk_to_milking)

Independently sold lambs (sold_lambs)

Independently sold culled ewes (culled_ewes)

Sold manure product (sold_manure)

Waste flows

Unsold manure (unsold_manure)

Ewe mortality (ewe_mortality)

Elementary flows

Enteric biogenic methane to air (enteric_ch4)

Manure biogenic methane to air (manure_ch4)

Manure nitrous oxide to air (manure_n2o)

Manure ammonia to air (manure_nh3)

Process: Milking and raw collection (milking)

Inputs

Product flows

Biological ewe milk entering collection (milk_at_udder)

Milking hygiene process water (milking_water)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (milking_energy_electricity)

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (milking_energy_diesel)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Collected warm raw milk (warm_collected_milk)

Waste flows

Milking rejects and spills (milking_rejects)

Milking cleaning wastewater (milking_wastewater)

Elementary flows

Process: First straining or filtration (primary_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Warm milk entering first filtration (conditioning_milk)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared warm raw milk (conditioned_warm_milk)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: On-farm raw-milk chilling (farm_chilling)

Inputs

Product flows

Usable warm milk before chilling (chilling_milk)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (chilling_energy_electricity)

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (chilling_energy_diesel)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Chilled raw milk before farm gate (chilled_internal_milk)

Waste flows

Chilling losses and rejects (chilling_losses)

Elementary flows

Process: Producing-farm milk handover (farm_handover)

Inputs

Product flows

Warm raw milk for farm handover (warm_for_gate)

Chilled raw milk for farm handover (chilled_for_gate)

Process: Dairy ewe herd (`ewe_herd`)

Ewe drinking and service water (`herd_water`)

Biological milk transferred to milking (`milk_to_milking`)

Independently sold lambs (`sold_lambs`)

Independently sold culled ewes (`culled_ewes`)

Sold manure product (`sold_manure`)

Unsold manure (`unsold_manure`)

Ewe mortality (`ewe_mortality`)

Enteric biogenic methane to air (`enteric_ch4`)

Manure biogenic methane to air (`manure_ch4`)

Manure nitrous oxide to air (`manure_n2o`)

Manure ammonia to air (`manure_nh3`)

Process: Milking and raw collection (`milking`)

Biological ewe milk entering collection (`milk_at_udder`)

Milking hygiene process water (`milking_water`)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (`milking_energy_electricity`)

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (`milking_energy_diesel`)

Collected warm raw milk (`warm_collected_milk`)

Milking rejects and spills (`milking_rejects`)

Milking cleaning wastewater (`milking_wastewater`)

Process: First straining or filtration (`primary_conditioning`)

Warm milk entering first filtration (`conditioning_milk`)

Prepared warm raw milk (`conditioned_warm_milk`)

Process: On-farm raw-milk chilling (`farm_chilling`)

Usable warm milk before chilling (`chilling_milk`)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (`chilling_energy_electricity`)

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (`chilling_energy_diesel`)

Chilled raw milk before farm gate (`chilled_internal_milk`)

Chilling losses and rejects (`chilling_losses`)

Process: Producing-farm milk handover (`farm_handover`)

Warm raw milk for farm handover (`warm_for_gate`)

Chilled raw milk for farm handover (`chilled_for_gate`)

Warm raw sheep milk at farm gate (`warm_final_milk`)

Chilled raw sheep milk at farm gate (`chilled_final_milk`)

Final milk losses and rejects (`gate_losses`)

Process: Actual producer reference-product handover (`reference_handover`)

Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled for actual producer-handover linkage (`reference_handover_input`)

Raw sheep milk at producing-farm handover, warm or chilled (`reference_product_handover`)