Steel-belted radial passenger-car tyre manufacture through net dispatch

1. Scope and Applicability

This method covers new pneumatic rubber passenger-car tyres with a textile radial carcass, steel belt package, steel bead cores and a synthetic-rubber airtight innerliner. It covers actual compound preparation and component manufacture, green-tyre building, press curing, cooling, final inspection, storage, packaging and net dispatch at the declared factory gate. Continental supplies the coherent structural/process route; EPA independently supports rubber/additive roles and process emission measurement. The bromobutyl liner is a declared route choice supported by the supplier material role, not a universal tyre recipe. Sources do not describe one identical factory or SKU.

Exclude motorcycle/bicycle tyres, truck/bus/agricultural/aircraft tyres, solid tyres, separate inner tubes/treads/flaps, retreads and tyre recycling; also exclude bias construction and special run-flat, self-sealing or foam-lined designs pending an explicit method extension. Upstream E-SBR and greige tyre-cord methods end at different intermediate products and cannot replace this finished-tyre method. A classification leaf or a use label alone cannot establish method identity.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.rubber-and-plastics-products.new-pneumatic-tyres-of-rubber-of-a-kind-used-on-motor-cars
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 36111; narrower
covered_products	New tubeless steel-belted radial rubber passenger-car tyres
excluded_products	Exclude motorcycle/bicycle tyres, truck/bus/agricultural/aircraft tyres, solid tyres, separate inner tubes/treads/flaps, retreads and tyre recycling; also exclude bias construction and special run-flat, self-sealing or foam-lined designs pending an explicit method extension. Upstream E-SBR and greige tyre-cord methods end at different intermediate products and cannot replace this finished-tyre method. A classification leaf or a use label alone cannot establish method identity.
representative_product	One declared size/model, polyester radial carcass, nylon bandage, steel belts and bead cores, bromobutyl innerliner
production_route	The foreground is one consolidated integrated tyre line, not a purchased-finished-tyre packing operation. Stage ledgers remain separate inside this unit process: receiving/weighing and recipe-specific nonproductive/final mixing; calendering steel cord, textile cord and liner; extrusion/cooling/cutting of tread and sidewall plus bead winding/coating/apex; carcass and belt/tread building; curing and cooling; visual/X-ray/uniformity inspection and actual finishing/rework; finished warehousing, packaging, handling and dispatch. Retain each compound and component lot internally; these are internal transfers, not extra purchases or extra final output. Separate material, utility, emissions and stock owners below preserve this stage detail.
market_state	New cured, inspected accepted tyre actually net dispatched, excluding wheel/rim and packaging mass from tyre net mass

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply a new accepted pneumatic tyre for a declared passenger-car fitment; no asserted vehicle-kilometre service equivalence
How much	1 item of the declared finished tyre
How well	Actual declared size/load/speed, construction and factory acceptance results; no invented universal performance threshold
How long or cycle	One production and net-supply cycle; use life is outside this manufacturing boundary
reference_flow_link	finished_tyre

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Tire 11c2e97a-624f-41de-957d-543cddb777ef
Reference flow property	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345
Reference unit group	Units of items 5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159
Reference unit	item
Required qualifiers	passenger-car application and steel-belted radial/tubeless construction; size/model and load/speed rating; actual carcass/belt/bead/innerliner materials and supplied state; each compound recipe revision and purchased-formulation basis; factory/site/time and actual utility configuration; net-dispatch gate and unique accepted delivery cohort Q; opening/closing WIP and finished-stock quantities with carried burdens; return/rework/reinspection attribution and waste destinations; reference identity limits and native classification debt; actual packaging/handling/warehouse boundaries and measured net tyre mass

Q is the positive net number of unique accepted new tyres actually supplied across the declared factory dispatch gate for one matched product/route/state cohort, not newly released production. Record opening/closing finished stock and their full carried burdens, first quality-release output, outward deliveries, returns, scrapping and rework separately. An undelivered accepted tyre is not in Q. Returned tyres retain their identity and original burdens; reinspection is not new production. Reverse the original delivery attribution for returns and reconcile redispatch by unique IDs so no tyre is counted twice. A factory delivery dataset cannot assume quality release equals delivery.

Native identity is Tire, a Product flow with Number of items, production mix at plant. Its name has no fixed radial structure, passenger-car grade, CAS, geography or locationOfSupply; its comment covers a broad wheel-rim tyre concept including metal and rubber. The leaf classification says Other new pneumatic tyres (36113), inconsistent with the broad physical name and this explicitly qualified passenger-car subset; retain that classification debt and never infer a positive mapping. Use only for the physically verified new rubber passenger-car radial tyre here, not metal, solid, retread or an intermediate. Native identity supplies neither a supplier recipe, a regional background dataset, service life, tyre mass nor impact quantity. Actual site, construction, size, supplied state and provider compatibility require independent records.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
count_basis	reference product	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345	item	item denotes the exact native reference unit Item(s), reference factor 1. Count actual individual tyres, not axles, pairs, sets, rims or tonnes; Q comes from cp_delivery.
net_mass	physical balance	Mass	kg	Measure net tyre mass by calibrated weighing and configuration, excluding rims and all packaging; retain physical kg ledger separately from the count reference. Do not assign a universal tyre weight or infer density from a secondary coefficient.
one_normalization	all inventory rows	Declared row property	declared row unit	Collection retains raw period numerators in cp_recipe/cp_reinforcement/cp_utilities/cp_waste/cp_emissions/cp_delivery/cp_stock. Only calc_normalize divides matched A_i by Q once. Card formulas and aggregation_rule repeat this same reporting operation, not sequential divisions.
formulation_basis	supplied formulations	Mass	kg	Each purchased formulation is one whole supplied input. Active contents, water, oil and coating are subledgers; add only independently acquired dilution/blend ingredients as external inputs. Internally compounded rubber is not purchased again.
integrated_volume	gas and liquid measurements	Volume	m3	For rate readings integrate actual rate over its matching time; already integrated meter volumes are not multiplied by time again. Record standard/actual temperature, pressure and dry/wet gas basis before conversion.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased identified dry elastomers, individual fillers/cure preparations, pretreated reinforcement cord/wire and actual utilities entering the integrated tyre line
starting_condition_role	foreground_start
product_classification_scope	Qualified steel-belted radial passenger-car tyres, narrower than CPC 3.0 36111
recursive_input_rule	No purchased finished tyres substitute for this foreground. Returned own tyres carry original burdens and real rework once; do not recurse into new virgin production or double count internal compound/component transfers.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Independently match each actual supplied polymer/formulation/reinforcement and utility with its geography, route, grade, reference property and acquisition boundary; include upstream supply and transport once. UUID identity alone does not supply its burden.
disclosure	Declare plant/time, all stage owners, actual recipe/BOM and purchased treatments, utility generation boundary, finished-stock/WIP carried burdens, delivery/return reconciliation, packaging and exclusions.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_route	tyre_line	The foreground is one consolidated integrated tyre line, not a purchased-finished-tyre packing operation. Stage ledgers remain separate inside this unit process: receiving/weighing and recipe-specific nonproductive/final mixing; calendering steel cord, textile cord and liner; extrusion/cooling/cutting of tread and sidewall plus bead winding/coating/apex; carcass and belt/tread building; curing and cooling; visual/X-ray/uniformity inspection and actual finishing/rework; finished warehousing, packaging, handling and dispatch. Retain each compound and component lot internally; these are internal transfers, not extra purchases or extra final output. Separate material, utility, emissions and stock owners below preserve this stage detail.	continental-tyre-production; continental-radial-components
boundary_delivery	tyre_line	Q is the positive net number of unique accepted new tyres actually supplied across the declared factory dispatch gate for one matched product/route/state cohort, not newly released production. Record opening/closing finished stock and their full carried burdens, first quality-release output, outward deliveries, returns, scrapping and rework separately. An undelivered accepted tyre is not in Q. Returned tyres retain their identity and original burdens; reinspection is not new production. Reverse the original delivery attribution for returns and reconcile redispatch by unique IDs so no tyre is counted twice. A factory delivery dataset cannot assume quality release equals delivery.	continental-tyre-production
boundary_integrity	tyre_line	Include real failed/zero-output runs, idle/cleanup, rework, emission-control and all included warehouse/pack/handling burdens. Extend separate atomic cards for every actual ingredient, fuel, refrigerant, waste and emitted species absent from the exemplars. Conditional absence requires records, not a default zero.	continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
tyre_line	Integrated tyre manufacture and net dispatch	required	Declared steel-belted radial route, all stages in consolidated boundary	foreground	finished_tyre

The foreground is one consolidated integrated tyre line, not a purchased-finished-tyre packing operation. Stage ledgers remain separate inside this unit process: receiving/weighing and recipe-specific nonproductive/final mixing; calendering steel cord, textile cord and liner; extrusion/cooling/cutting of tread and sidewall plus bead winding/coating/apex; carcass and belt/tread building; curing and cooling; visual/X-ray/uniformity inspection and actual finishing/rework; finished warehousing, packaging, handling and dispatch. Retain each compound and component lot internally; these are internal transfers, not extra purchases or extra final output. Separate material, utility, emissions and stock owners below preserve this stage detail.

Process: Integrated tyre line (tyre_line)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural rubber, dry bale (natural_rubber)

Record actual dry-rubber grade and supplied bale mass separately from each synthetic polymer; assay moisture without adding it as another procurement.

• Selected flow: Natural rubber, dry bale
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_natural_rubber / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Styrene-butadiene rubber, dry bale (sbr)

Record actual SBR polymerization route, bound styrene, oil extension and compound uses. Neither SBS nor an SBR-latex or sealing-cover record substitutes for this dry polymer.

• Selected flow: Styrene-butadiene rubber, dry bale
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_sbr / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Polybutadiene rubber, dry bale (br)

Separate BR from SBR and natural rubber; retain actual cis content/grade, oil extension and supplier mass. No fixed percentage is specified.

• Selected flow: Polybutadiene rubber, dry bale
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_br / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Bromobutyl rubber, dry bale (biir)

This chosen innerliner route uses bromobutyl rubber; confirm actual grade and supplied formulation. A butyl-named record declaring butadiene/styrene copolymerization contradicts this identity and is not selected. Chlorobutyl is a different material, not an automatic synonym.

• Selected flow: Bromobutyl rubber, dry bale
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_biir / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: exxon-innerliner-materials

Carbon black, reinforcing grade (carbon_black)

Keep each actual reinforcing grade and recipe amount identifiable; different grades become separate cards in a concrete dataset. Do not use tyre pyrolysis char as virgin carbon black.

• Selected flow: Carbon black, reinforcing grade
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_carbon_black / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Precipitated amorphous silica (silica)

Record where this filler is actually used, its supplied moisture and grade; not interchangeable with carbon black or crystalline quartz. No marketing mass share is a recipe.

• Selected flow: Precipitated amorphous silica
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_silica / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-radial-components

Sulfur-functional organosilane coupling-agent formulation (silane)

Conditional on the actual silica recipe. Record one identified supplied commercial formulation in full; active silane and carrier are composition subledgers, not duplicate purchases. Identify actual species before matching its UUID.

• Selected flow: Sulfur-functional organosilane coupling-agent formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_silane / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-radial-components

Rubber process oil (oil)

Use actual supplied oil grade and mass. Oil already inside purchased oil-extended rubber or masterbatch is not separately purchased here.

• Selected flow: Rubber process oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_oil / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Hydrocarbon tackifier resin (resin)

Conditional on an identified actual formulation; resin chemistry and solid supplied state must be verified, not inferred from total plasticizer share.

• Selected flow: Hydrocarbon tackifier resin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_resin / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-radial-components

Zinc oxide (zinc_oxide)

Record actual supplied grade, assay and weighed amount for the cure system; no fixed cure loading or reaction-water yield follows from its presence.

• Selected flow: Zinc oxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_zinc_oxide / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Stearic acid (stearic_acid)

Conditional actual cure-system ingredient; distinguish supplied technical fatty-acid formulation from a pure-species identity before adopting a provider.

• Selected flow: Stearic acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_stearic_acid / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Sulfur vulcanizing-agent formulation (sulfur)

Record one actual supplied sulfur grade/formulation, including any oil coating or carrier. Sulfur/active content is an internal assay ledger, not an extra input; no universal sulfur-to-water stoichiometry is imposed.

• Selected flow: Sulfur vulcanizing-agent formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_sulfur / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Benzothiazolesulfenamide accelerator formulation (accelerator)

Conditional on the actual cure recipe; identify the specific accelerator and whole supplied preparation. Additional accelerator species require separate cards; no fixed recipe is prescribed.

• Selected flow: Benzothiazolesulfenamide accelerator formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_accelerator / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Amine rubber-antioxidant formulation (antioxidant)

One actual supplier preparation, conditional on recipe. Its composition/active content and every separately supplied antioxidant must be distinguished.

• Selected flow: Amine rubber-antioxidant formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_antioxidant / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Paraffin antiozonant wax (wax)

Include only when actually compounded; measure the supplied wax grade separately from process oil and amine antioxidant.

• Selected flow: Paraffin antiozonant wax
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_wax / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-radial-components

Pretreated high-strength steel tyre cord (steel_cord)

Record cord construction, coating, received state and mass for steel belts. Purchased pretreated cord includes its upstream treatment; do not count its metal/coating a second time.

• Selected flow: Pretreated high-strength steel tyre cord
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_steel_cord / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_reinforcement
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; continental-radial-components

Tyre bead steel wire (bead_wire)

Bead-core wire is separate from steel belt cord; retain actual coating, wire dimensions and winding/covering records.

• Selected flow: Tyre bead steel wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_bead_wire / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_reinforcement
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; continental-radial-components

Adhesion-treated polyester tyre cord fabric (polyester_cord)

Chosen textile-carcass material. Record exact treatment and fabric construction; supplier treatment is upstream, rubber calendering remains foreground. Do not substitute greige nylon fabric merely because it has a tyre-cord name.

• Selected flow: Adhesion-treated polyester tyre cord fabric
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_polyester_cord / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_reinforcement
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; continental-radial-components

Adhesion-treated nylon tyre cord (nylon_cord)

Selected winding-bandage reinforcement, kept separate from polyester carcass cord; retain polymer type, treatment, linear density and supplied mass.

• Selected flow: Adhesion-treated nylon tyre cord
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_nylon_cord / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_reinforcement
• Sources: continental-radial-components

Aqueous silicone tyre-release emulsion (release_emulsion)

Conditional on actual release-agent use. Record the complete identified purchased emulsion and its actual dilution water separately; water already in the emulsion is not purchased again. If the plant uses different chemistry, replace with a separately verified atomic formulation.

• Selected flow: Aqueous silicone tyre-release emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_release_emulsion / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production

Rubber bonding cement formulation (cement)

Conditional on actual building/repair use, not compulsory solvent use. Record one whole supplied formulation, its solids/solvent assays and recovery; add each independently bought ingredient only when actually blended onsite.

• Selected flow: Rubber bonding cement formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cement / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Process water (water)

Meter actual fresh cooling make-up, cleaning and dilution water; recirculated water is an internal ledger, not repeated external withdrawal. Record the real supply source.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_water / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: continental-tyre-production

Electricity (electricity)

Meter the integrated line, including mixing, mills, calenders, extruders, bead making, building, presses, cooling, inspection, compressor/chiller, pollution control, warehouse and electric handling. Split actual stage readings without summing the same main and submeter twice.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: A_electricity / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Industrial steam (steam)

Record actual external steam supplied for the declared press-heating route, with pressure, temperature and condensate-return boundary. Internally generated steam is an internal transfer: replace external steam purchase with actual separate fuel/feedwater/boiler-emission cards and include boiler losses; never count both.

• Selected flow: Industrial steam
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_steam / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Nitrogen gas (nitrogen)

Conditional on actual press/tyre inflation use; record supplied gas mass, leaks and recovery. Onsite air compression instead uses actual electricity and air-system records, not an invented nitrogen input.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_nitrogen / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: continental-tyre-production

Diesel fuel (diesel)

Conditional on diesel handling/dispatch vehicles within this gate; measure actual fuel, retain combustion emissions and do not add it for electric forklifts.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_diesel / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources:

Polyethylene wrapping film (film)

Actual dispatch packaging only; measure net applied film and scrap separately. Absence requires shipment evidence, not silent omission.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene wrapping film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_film / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources:

Adhesive paper tyre label (label)

Record one supplied label including adhesive and actual backing loss, without separately procuring its internal components.

• Selected flow: Adhesive paper tyre label
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_label / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources:

Wooden transport pallet (pallet)

Conditional on actual pallet dispatch; retain return/reuse trips and attributable production/repair burden with its own measured service life. No arbitrary reuse count.

• Selected flow: Wooden transport pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_pallet / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Steam condensate (condensate)

If returned outside the boundary, retain actual returned mass and enthalpy and supplier return convention; it is not tyre product or reaction water. Internal recirculation cancels.

• Selected flow: Steam condensate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_condensate / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Net supplied accepted passenger-car radial tyre (finished_tyre)

Native identity is Tire, a Product flow with Number of items, production mix at plant. Its name has no fixed radial structure, passenger-car grade, CAS, geography or locationOfSupply; its comment covers a broad wheel-rim tyre concept including metal and rubber. The leaf classification says Other new pneumatic tyres (36113), inconsistent with the broad physical name and this explicitly qualified passenger-car subset; retain that classification debt and never infer a positive mapping. Use only for the physically verified new rubber passenger-car radial tyre here, not metal, solid, retread or an intermediate. Native identity supplies neither a supplier recipe, a regional background dataset, service life, tyre mass nor impact quantity. Actual site, construction, size, supplied state and provider compatibility require independent records.

• Selected flow: Tire 11c2e97a-624f-41de-957d-543cddb777ef
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / item
• Amount rule: 1 item
• Value mode: fixed_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: method_formula
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; continental-radial-components

Waste flows

Uncured tyre-rubber scrap (uncured_scrap)

Only externally transferred uncured scrap; internal trim return carries its existing ingredients and extra remilling burden without becoming a second purchase.

• Selected flow: Uncured tyre-rubber scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_uncured_scrap / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Rejected cured rubber tyre (cured_reject)

Record actual rejects, destructive-test tyres and scrapped returns by ID and mass; none is accepted delivered Q.

• Selected flow: Rejected cured rubber tyre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cured_reject / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Tyre steel-cord scrap (steel_scrap)

Measure externally transferred belt-cord cutting scrap; bead-wire scrap is a distinct stream if present and requires its own card.

• Selected flow: Tyre steel-cord scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_steel_scrap / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Polyester tyre-cord offcuts (textile_scrap)

Measure polyester cutting waste separately; actual nylon offcuts must be added as a different atomic stream.

• Selected flow: Polyester tyre-cord offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_textile_scrap / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Captured tyre-compounding filter dust (filter_dust)

One actual mixed captured filter-dust waste with measured composition and destination; not the same exchange as uncaptured carbon-black or silica emissions.

• Selected flow: Captured tyre-compounding filter dust
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_filter_dust / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Tyre-process wastewater (effluent)

Record actual externally treated wastewater with volume/mass and pollutant analyses. COD does not identify an emitted chemical species or establish missing reaction water.

• Selected flow: Tyre-process wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_effluent / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Waste polyethylene film (film_waste)

Record actual packaging-film waste and destination, not the net film supplied with tyres.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_film_waste / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Waste silicone-coated label backing paper (backing_waste)

Separate actual backing-paper waste from the applied supplied label.

• Selected flow: Waste silicone-coated label backing paper
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_backing_waste / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008

Nylon tyre-cord offcuts (nylon_scrap)

Separate actual winding/cutting nylon waste from polyester waste; retain treatment and receiving destination.

• Selected flow: Nylon tyre-cord offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_nylon_scrap / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-radial-components

Tyre bead-wire scrap (bead_scrap)

Actual externally transferred bead-wire scrap is distinct from belt-cord scrap.

• Selected flow: Tyre bead-wire scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_bead_scrap / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: continental-tyre-production

Elementary flows

Carbon black (carbon_black_air)

Actual uncaptured carbon-black release to air from handling/mixing. Use species/size and capture data; captured dust is waste, not an air release.

• Selected flow: Carbon black
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_carbon_black_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Amorphous silicon dioxide (silica_air)

Actual silica release to air where silica is handled; separate from carbon black and total particulate indicator totals.

• Selected flow: Amorphous silicon dioxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_silica_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Carbon disulfide (cs2_air)

Conditional measured process release to air from actual rubber chemistry; sulfur in a recipe does not set its yield. No generic EPA factor is adopted.

• Selected flow: Carbon disulfide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cs2_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Toluene (toluene_air)

Conditional only if identified in the actual cement/solvent and measured emissions; add every other actual solvent species separately. No blanket VOC mass replaces species rows.

• Selected flow: Toluene
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_toluene_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Water vapour (water_air)

Actual evaporation/venting to air, separated into feed/carrier water, cooling/steam losses and independently supported reaction changes. Sulfur crosslinking alone is not a water-production equation.

• Selected flow: Water vapour
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_water_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Carbon dioxide, fossil (co2_air)

Actual in-boundary diesel combustion to air only, with monitored or independently carbon-balanced amounts and complete fuel carbon evidence; do not repeat upstream electricity/steam-provider emissions here.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_co2_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

Nitrogen dioxide (nox_air)

Conditional actual combustion emission to air. NOx as NO2 equivalent is an indicator requiring explicit speciation, not automatically pure nitrogen dioxide mass.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_nox_air / Q
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions
• Sources: epa-rubber-process-2008

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_trace	tyre_line	First subdivide actual product/recipe/stage batches and measured utilities; retain mass-linked ingredient attribution and causally supported shared services. For unavoidable shared equipment use measured machine time/load with documented idle and rejected-output attribution. Do not allocate total factory burden by finished mass alone across dissimilar tyre routes.	continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008; ilcd-attributional-allocation-2010
allocation_loss	tyre_line	Rejects/failed runs are not positive tyre output and retain burdens in the matched cohort. Scrap revenue does not create a coproduct or avoided-virgin credit. Any real coproduct or recycling allocation must be separately evidenced and disclosed; no automatic substitution credit. Internal recovery carries original burden and only additional processing once.	epa-rubber-process-2008; ilcd-attributional-allocation-2010

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Each protocol below is owned by tyre_line with the specified accountable function. Raw collection never performs A_i/Q. aggregation_rule denotes the one final reporting basis used by calc_normalize. Retain original units before conversion, complete scope and actual measured uncertainties; no factory data are asserted by these protocols.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_recipe	tyre_line	Compounding engineer: ingredient and recipe ledgers	weighing and supplier assay	lot/recipe revision; each supplied input mass; active/moisture/oil assay; opening/closing raw stock; internal returns; failed batches; masterbatch receipts	Collect calibrated batch scales and stock/receipt/issue records before any normalization. Reconcile each polymer/filler/preparation separately; purchased masterbatch is whole procurement, its constituent subledger replaces rather than duplicates internal ingredient procurement for that fraction.	kg	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	scale calibration; recipe authorization; COA and reconciliation
cp_reinforcement	tyre_line	Component engineer: cords and bead wire	receipts and cutting/weighing logs	cord polymer/construction/coating; supplier treatment; spool mass; issued/returned length and linear mass; calender coating; cutting scrap; WIP transfers	Retain actual received treated state and separate steel belt cord, bead wire, polyester carcass and nylon bandage. Measure rubber coatings from onsite recipe ledgers, not duplicate purchased-cord components.	kg; m; kg/m	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	supplier construction; treatment certificate; calibrated scales
cp_operations	tyre_line	Production engineer: stage/run records	batch and machine logs	mix passes; temperature/time/load; extruder/calender settings; component lots; build IDs; cure press/cycle; cooling; inspection results; failed/zero-output/rework; cleanup/idle	Record the entire actual route, all campaigns and included post-release stages. Do not copy historical test temperatures, marketing recipe shares or nominal capacity into site values.	stage-specific measured units	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	machine logs; inspection and downtime records
cp_utilities	tyre_line	Utilities engineer: each carrier and water	meter and fuel/steam records	carrier meter start/end; stage/submeter link; actual load/duration; steam pressure/temperature/mass; condensate; water make-up/recirculation; compressed air; fuel stock; warehouse/handling; provider boundary	Collect raw carrier quantities including startup, failures, rework, ventilation/control, storage and dispatch. Separate imported utilities from onsite conversion, avoiding double counted primary fuel/electricity and internal steam/air. Keep steam enthalpy and condensate-return evidence; volume-rate integration only when required.	kWh; kg; MJ; m3	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	calibration; meter topology; invoices; utility balance
cp_waste	tyre_line	Environment officer: each external waste	weighbridge and transfer records	waste stream; wet/dry mass; composition; source stage; internal recovery; external destination; wastewater volume/assays; rejected IDs	Collect each actual external stream separately. Distinguish circulating scrap from disposal and captured dust from air emissions; keep treatment and transportation burdens within declared responsibility.	kg; m3	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	transfer tickets; receiving treatment records; laboratory reports
cp_emissions	tyre_line	Environment officer: species and media	sampling and monitored balance	species; air/water medium; concentration; flow rate or integrated volume; duration; dry/wet and standard/actual conditions; capture/removal; nondetect limit; process stage; fuel carbon	Collect raw results separately for mixing, extrusion, building solvent use, curing release/cooling and actual combustion. Concentration times an already integrated matched volume is sufficient; do not multiply time again. Retain unmeasured species as gaps, not zero. Actual species/reaction pathways require evidence separate from bulk closure.	kg; mg/m3; m3; h	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	sampling method; detection limits; gas basis; species analysis
cp_delivery	tyre_line	Quality and dispatch controller: terminal gate	acceptance/serial and dispatch ledgers	product/route/state; first quality-release IDs; net tyre mass; dispatch IDs/count; returns/redispatch; destruction; packaging and handling; finished-stock quantities	Retain raw unique accepted outward delivery and return counts for the declared gate, configuration and cohort; compute positive Q with return reconciliation. Reinspection alone adds no new production. Weigh net tyres separately from packaging/rims; retain actual warehouse dwell/handling and every packaging component quantity. No division here.	item; kg; day	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	acceptance and serial records; dispatch/return documents; calibrated scales
cp_stock	tyre_line	Inventory accountant: WIP/finished carried burdens	stock and burden reconciliation	opening/closing WIP by mix/component/green/cured status; opening/closing accepted finished stock; quantity/mass; batch IDs; carried material/energy/emission burdens; production release; scrapping and returns	Keep raw physical stock and full burden vectors before normalization. Reconcile each stage and internal transfer; carry unfinished and undelivered burdens forward instead of deleting or assigning them twice. Opening stock delivered this period brings its original burdens. Keep all failed/zero-output and rework burdens assigned to the affected cohort.	item; kg; original exchange units	Each lot/run and period reconciliation	Complete matched period including opening/closing burdens and failures	Declared plant, product, route and dispatch cohort; no unverified site pooling	per reference flow	stock counts; prior-period burden receipts; cohort linkage

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_stock	all inventory rows	Before normalization, reconstruct attributed raw exchange vector A_i = current matched-period burden + opening WIP/finished carried burden - closing WIP/finished retained burden, removing duplicated internal transfers only. Preserve actual failed, zero-output, rework, return, scrap-treatment and included post-release warehouse/dispatch burdens in their cohort. Allocate shared burdens by allocation_trace. Component stocks and prior delivery reversals require batch links, not a residual credit.	cp_recipe; cp_reinforcement; cp_operations; cp_utilities; cp_waste; cp_emissions; cp_delivery; cp_stock	A_i	continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008
calc_normalize	all inventory rows	q_i = A_i / Q, exactly once after raw conversions and calc_stock attribution. Q is the positive unique net accepted supplied tyre count from cp_delivery, not quality-release output or closing finished stock. The fixed finished_tyre reference is Q/Q = 1 item. Collection methods never divide; inventory formulas and protocol aggregation_rule describe this same single final operation.	A_i; Q; cp_delivery; cp_stock	q_i	continental-tyre-production
calc_physical_balance	tyre_line	Maintain separate physical ledgers: opening WIP + actual process material inputs + actual returned stock = newly released/other stage transfers + closing WIP + measured wastes/emissions; opening finished stock + first accepted release + actual returns = physical outward shipments + closing finished stock + actual scrapping/rework transfers. Cancel internal transfers on merging, including release-to-warehouse handoff. Physical outward count and net Q are reconciled by IDs and return attribution. Keep tyre kg, packaging, water and each conserved element separately; reaction/phase/free-water changes need independently evidenced species and stoichiometry. Do not fit unknown reaction water and another unknown outlet to one closure residual.	cp_recipe; cp_reinforcement; cp_stock; cp_delivery; cp_waste; cp_emissions	physical stock and species balances	continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008
calc_emission	tyre_line	For each measured species use integral of matched concentration times volumetric flow over time with consistent gas conditions; if matched volume is already integrated use concentration times volume only. Record actual capture/removal and destination. Indicators such as total VOC, COD or NOx equivalents are not additional independent species masses.	cp_emissions; cp_utilities	species raw mass	epa-rubber-process-2008

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_route	tyre_line	Verify product size/rating, radial layer construction, recipe revisions and every supplied state; actual recipe rather than marketing proportions.	BOM; cross-section/build specification; COAs; batch records
quality_coverage	tyre_line	No omitted failure/rework/stock burden; no finished-stock assumption or invented loss/energy/recipe/emission factor. Every actual atomic flow added with data or an explicit gap.	Complete period/cohort reconciliation and signed owner review
quality_native	finished_tyre	Native identity is Tire, a Product flow with Number of items, production mix at plant. Its name has no fixed radial structure, passenger-car grade, CAS, geography or locationOfSupply; its comment covers a broad wheel-rim tyre concept including metal and rubber. The leaf classification says Other new pneumatic tyres (36113), inconsistent with the broad physical name and this explicitly qualified passenger-car subset; retain that classification debt and never infer a positive mapping. Use only for the physically verified new rubber passenger-car radial tyre here, not metal, solid, retread or an intermediate. Native identity supplies neither a supplier recipe, a regional background dataset, service life, tyre mass nor impact quantity. Actual site, construction, size, supplied state and provider compatibility require independent records.	Direct identity, exact reference-property/unit chain and actual foreground compatibility evidence
quality_uncertainty	tyre_line	Retain calibration, uncertainty, detection limits, missing species, actual geography/time/provider limits and causal allocation evidence. Future plant measurements and auxiliary UUID matches remain required for a real dataset.	Measurements, stock carry receipts, source applicability and gap register

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_reference	finished_tyre	Require exactly the declared Product output finished_tyre, the same tyre UUID and count basis in both languages; native count unit does not imply a mass. Verify all qualifiers, raw delivery IDs and Q > 0.	continental-tyre-production
validate_inventory	tyre_line	Verify raw-to-final attribution and one normalization, complete physical/element closure independent of actual species/reaction-water evidence, external formulation/component purchasing without double count, all failed runs/rework/WIP/finished-stock carried burdens and actual included delivery operations. Unknowns are findings, not residual balancing or assumed zeros.	continental-tyre-production; epa-rubber-process-2008
validate_applicability	tyre_line	Reject physical identity/grade/route/CAS contradictions and unsupported regional or provider assumptions. Keep disclosed native classification debt distinct from physical identity and scientific approval; no automatic mapping or methodology approval follows from a UUID or a schema check.	continental-radial-components

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
downstream_use	Manufacturing and declared factory net-supply burden for the exact qualified tyre, linked to independent use/end-of-life modelling
allowed_use	Same actual route, materials, supplied state, geography/time and accepted foreground evidence
excluded_use	No service-life/vehicle-km comparison from tyre count alone; no generic all-tyre, non-car, bias, retread, solid-tyre, inner-tube or bought-finished-tyre packing proxy
required_metadata	passenger-car application and steel-belted radial/tubeless construction; size/model and load/speed rating; actual carcass/belt/bead/innerliner materials and supplied state; each compound recipe revision and purchased-formulation basis; factory/site/time and actual utility configuration; net-dispatch gate and unique accepted delivery cohort Q; opening/closing WIP and finished-stock quantities with carried burdens; return/rework/reinspection attribution and waste destinations; reference identity limits and native classification debt; actual packaging/handling/warehouse boundaries and measured net tyre mass
required_quality_disclosure	Complete raw/stock/carry attribution, one normalization, actual recipes, utility and delivery boundaries, emissions coverage, auxiliary UUID/provider gaps and complete reference native limitations
update_trigger	Changed construction, compound/supplier state, utility route, site, process, delivery gate, stock accounting, new measurements or resolved contradictory identity metadata

11. Data Sources

source_id	type	reference	used_for
continental-tyre-production	literature	Continental, Tire production, undated technical overview, https://www.continental-tires.com/tire-knowledge/tire-production/	Five-stage route, raw-material roles, component manufacture, curing, final inspection and warehouse shipment. Qualitative scope only; no plant recipe, yield, energy, temperature or loss default.
continental-radial-components	literature	Continental, Tire components, undated technical overview, https://www.continental-tires.com/tire-knowledge/tire-components/	Steel-belted radial passenger-car architecture, nylon bandage, steel belts/beads, textile carcass and synthetic airtight layer; filler/plasticizer/cure roles. Example mass percentages and performance claims are not quantitative recipe or LCA evidence.
epa-rubber-process-2008	official_guidance	US EPA, Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 4.12, Manufacture of Rubber Products, Final Report, November 2008, sections 2.1-2.3 and 3.1-3.3, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/db04s12.pdf	Independent historical process/material and emissions sampling context. Natural rubber/SBR/BR, additives and press/cool-down zones; no universal recipe, sulfur-water yield, site temperature, process energy or emission factor adopted from sampled tests.
exxon-innerliner-materials	literature	ExxonMobil Product Solutions, Tires, overview paragraph on conventional innerliners, https://www.exxonmobilchemical.com/en/industries/automotive/tires	Publisher page read through a tool-rendered primary excerpt, not a locally acquired publisher PDF. Supports bromobutyl/chlorobutyl innerliner material roles only; selected bromobutyl is an authored route subset. No grade, formula, quantity, energy, performance or lifetime claim adopted.
ilcd-attributional-allocation-2010	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance, first edition March 2010, section 7.9.3, printed pp. 257-258 (PDF 277-278), https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/ILCD-Handbook-General-guide-for-LCA-DETAILED-GUIDANCE-12March2010-ISBN-fin-v1.0-EN.pdf	Bounded attributional subdivision and causal shared-service allocation method; supports documented drivers and no automatic avoided-production credit. No tyre recipe, fixed split, waste cutoff, industrial factor, economic default, performance or service-life claim. Actual cohort/site evidence remains required.