Sub-bituminous coal

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR defines a foreground data package for mined, unagglomerated sub-bituminous coal at the mine gate, including physical preparation and mechanical dewatering where performed. Rank identification, as-received moisture, mine route and product quality are essential: a thermal-coal label alone does not establish this category. The rank lies between lignite and bituminous coal (eia-coal-glossary); the official classification distinguishes all three (un-cpc-3-2025).

Coal rank and moisture affect resource accounting, gas release, conditioning losses and downstream energy conversion, creating a material methodology need beyond a classification title. This mass-based gate unit is a declared product unit, not a claim that all coals deliver equivalent useful heat. It excludes lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, peat, manufactured briquettes, coke, coal conversion, deliberate thermal upgrading and coal combustion by the consumer.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.coal-and-peat.sub-bituminous-coal
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 11031; un-cpc-3-2025
covered_products	Mined sub-bituminous coal; crushed/screened or physically cleaned and mechanically dewatered coal of the same rank
excluded_products	Lignite; bituminous coal; anthracite; peat; briquettes; coke; thermally upgraded coal; power and heat
representative_product	Bulk saleable sub-bituminous coal, as received at mine gate
production_route	Surface or underground mining; conditional physical cleaning; crushing, screening, storage and loading
market_state	Unagglomerated bulk coal at declared moisture and particle-size specification

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply saleable sub-bituminous coal for subsequent fuel use
How much	1 kg net product at the mine gate
How well	Declared sub-bituminous rank, measured as-received moisture, ash, sulfur, net calorific value and particle-size distribution; no generic rank inferred from calorific value alone
How long or cycle	One declared production reporting period with corresponding storage duration before release
reference_flow_link	saleable_coal

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Sub-bituminous coal a3573912-328b-402e-8f64-f39e34a6a00c
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Mine and seam; country and basin; reporting period; rank determination method; mining route; preparation route; gate location; as-received moisture and sampling basis; ash and sulfur bases; measured net calorific value and basis; size specification; storage duration; allocation; land and closure scenario

Declare every required qualifier in the dataset metadata or equivalent product/reference-flow description; missing qualifiers leave the product unit incomplete. The Chinese term 次烟煤 is also used in the official IPCC Chinese energy chapter (ipcc-energy-zh-2000).

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass	kg	Use 1 kg net as-received saleable coal; exclude transport packaging and adjust dispatch mass for saleable stock changes using cp_coal.
moisture_basis	coal_resource; saleable_coal; conditioning_gangue	Mass	kg	Record paired mass and moisture samples; dry mass equals wet mass multiplied by one minus measured moisture mass fraction. Do not mix dry and as-received denominators (eia-coal-glossary).
electricity_units	electricity rows	Net calorific value	MJ	The selected database property represents energy in MJ; convert metered kWh to MJ by multiplying by 3.6. This unit identity does not imply electricity has a combustible fuel composition.
fuel_mass	mine_diesel	Mass	kg	Convert volume-based diesel records using the measured or supplier-certified density at the recorded temperature; no assumed universal density.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Coal seam in situ at the identified mine; externally supplied inputs at their physical entry points
starting_condition_role	Natural resource origin for extraction; technosphere entry for purchased inputs
product_classification_scope	Sub-bituminous rank only, independently verified before applying CPC 11031
recursive_input_rule	Record externally purchased same-category coal once with its upstream supplier dataset; internal coal recirculation is not a new extraction input
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link electricity, diesel, explosives, lubricant, water supply and waste treatment to compatible background datasets; disclose missing coverage
disclosure	Mine boundary, preparation location, stock period, transfers, upstream links, excluded activities, land coverage and closure horizon

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_production	foreground	Include seam access, topsoil/overburden operations, extraction, internal haulage, ventilation/dewatering, physical preparation, storage, dust control and loading through the declared mine gate.	epa-surface-coal-1998
boundary_reclamation	mine	Include attributable progressive reclamation and a disclosed closure/aftercare scenario; retain land cover before and after mining, occupied area and duration. Inventory all actual site-specific transformation-from and rehabilitation exchanges separately.	ifc-mining-2007
boundary_gases	mine; handling	Distinguish seam-gas release, mining and post-mining emissions, recovery and destruction. Include attributable oxidation, fires and closure emissions where relevant; a low-rank coal designation is not proof of zero methane.	ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019
boundary_links	background	Include upstream supplies and subsequent management of foreground wastes through linked datasets. Do not count on-site combustion twice through a fuel-supply dataset that already includes use. Capital equipment and infrastructure require a separately disclosed inclusion/cut-off assessment.	ghgp-product-2011
boundary_exclusions	downstream	Exclude consumer transport beyond the declared gate and consumer combustion; model them separately. Document any off-site preparation included before the gate. Thermal upgrading requires an extended reviewed inventory.	eia-coal-mining

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
mine	Mining and attributable site management	required		foreground extraction	per 1 kg reference flow
conditioning	Physical cleaning and mechanical dewatering	conditional	Coal is physically cleaned before sale; wet operations apply only where documented	foreground conditioning	per 1 kg reference flow
handling	Crushing, screening, storage and gate loading	required		foreground release	1 kg saleable coal

These cards describe external exchanges of a consolidated mine-gate system. Run-of-mine coal transfers and recycled process water are internal ledgers, not duplicate elementary inputs. Allocate shared meters once. Conditional cards require an explicit applicability record; absence must be demonstrated rather than filled with a guessed zero. Extend the foreground dataset with separate atomic exchanges for any additional actual explosive formulation, cleaning reagent, discharged pollutant, land-cover transition or recovered gas product.

Process: Mining and attributable site management (mine)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (mine_diesel)

Measure diesel consumed by mining, haulage, dewatering and attributable reclamation equipment; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Diesel-powered equipment operates.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measure diesel consumed by mining, haulage, dewatering and attributable reclamation equipment; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_diesel
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Alternating current (mine_electricity)

Meter imported electricity for excavation, pumps and ventilation; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 65ec3424-071f-42ab-8800-810364539813
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Meter imported electricity for excavation, pumps and ventilation; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mine_power
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Porous granular ammonium oil explosive (mine_anfo)

Reconcile porous granular ANFO issued, returned and consumed by blast; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Blasting uses porous granular ANFO of this specification.

• Selected flow: Porous granular ammonium oil explosive c136e796-f073-46c0-b3c5-5d54ed985fcf
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Reconcile porous granular ANFO issued, returned and consumed by blast; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_materials
• Sources: epa-surface-coal-1998

lubricating oil (mine_lubricant)

Reconcile mineral lubricating oil consumption and stock movements; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Reconcile mineral lubricating oil consumption and stock movements; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_materials
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Process Water (mine_water)

Measure externally supplied process-water mass for dust control; exclude internal recirculation; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Process water is purchased.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measure externally supplied process-water mass for dust control; exclude internal recirculation; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

river water (mine_river_water)

Meter river abstraction for mining and dust control; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: The mine directly abstracts river water.

• Selected flow: river water 805a7346-1664-4483-afe3-4b224be5e361
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Meter river abstraction for mining and dust control; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

ground water (mine_groundwater)

Meter groundwater abstraction and mine dewatering separately; report water returned and consumed; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Groundwater abstraction or dewatering occurs.

• Selected flow: ground water 4f462198-40cd-4184-8733-86648a20dc3f
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Meter groundwater abstraction and mine dewatering separately; report water returned and consumed; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Sub-bituminous coal in ground (coal_resource)

Record extracted coal resource mass on the declared moisture and mineral-matter basis, reconciled with run-of-mine coal, losses and saleable coal; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Sub-bituminous coal in ground
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record extracted coal resource mass on the declared moisture and mineral-matter basis, reconciled with run-of-mine coal, losses and saleable coal; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coal
• Sources: eia-coal-mining

mineral extraction site (mine_land_occupation)

Measure occupied mine area integrated over time and attribute the production share using cp_land; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: mineral extraction site b0744c5e-9859-470f-99dc-b117be5a32c5
• Flow property / unit: AreaTime 93a60a56-a3c8-21da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2a
• Amount rule: Measure occupied mine area integrated over time and attribute the production share using cp_land; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_land
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

to mineral extraction site (mine_land_transformation)

Survey newly transformed mine area and attribute the production share using cp_land; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: New land is converted for the represented mine.

• Selected flow: to mineral extraction site 68f57e2a-2909-423c-ad8e-6a695f59a48f
• Flow property / unit: Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2
• Amount rule: Survey newly transformed mine area and attribute the production share using cp_land; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_land
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Coal-mine overburden waste rock (mine_overburden)

Measure overburden transferred to the spoil-management boundary, excluding separately retained topsoil; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Overburden waste rock crosses the mine-operation boundary.

• Selected flow: Coal-mine overburden waste rock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure overburden transferred to the spoil-management boundary, excluding separately retained topsoil; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastes
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Used lubricating oil (mine_used_oil)

Weigh segregated used lubricating oil sent to recovery or treatment; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Used lubricating oil 55d93375-7f04-4166-b2a2-88ce929051a5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh segregated used lubricating oil sent to recovery or treatment; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastes
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Coal-mine drainage water for treatment (mine_drainage)

Record separately collected mine-drainage mass, suspended solids, acidity and dissolved constituents at transfer to treatment; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Drainage is transferred to a distinct treatment process.

• Selected flow: Coal-mine drainage water for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record separately collected mine-drainage mass, suspended solids, acidity and dissolved constituents at transfer to treatment; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastes
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

methane (fossil) (mine_methane)

Record emitted seam methane by measured vent flow and concentration or a disclosed basin-specific model; distinguish recovered, destroyed and leaked gas; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: methane (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9610-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record emitted seam methane by measured vent flow and concentration or a disclosed basin-specific model; distinguish recovered, destroyed and leaked gas; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mine_gas
• Sources: ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019

carbon dioxide (fossil) (mine_carbon_dioxide)

Account separately for engine combustion, seam gas and attributable oxidation or flaring, then sum current-air fossil CO2 without duplicate background combustion; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Account separately for engine combustion, seam gas and attributable oxidation or flaring, then sum current-air fossil CO2 without duplicate background combustion; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mine_gas
• Sources: ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019

Nitrogen oxides to outdoor air, expressed as NO2 (mine_nitrogen_oxides)

Use engine/blast tests or explicitly applicable source-specific factors with activity and controls; keep NOx reporting basis; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to outdoor air, expressed as NO2
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Use engine/blast tests or explicitly applicable source-specific factors with activity and controls; keep NOx reporting basis; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Sulfur dioxide to outdoor air (mine_sulfur_dioxide)

Use engine tests or documented fuel-sulfur combustion accounting; do not substitute total sulfur oxides; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide to outdoor air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Use engine tests or documented fuel-sulfur combustion accounting; do not substitute total sulfur oxides; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

particles (PM2.5) (mine_fine_particles)

Estimate the stated particle-size fraction from measured source activity and applicable controlled dust/engine models; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Estimate the stated particle-size fraction from measured source activity and applicable controlled dust/engine models; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mine_dust
• Sources: epa-surface-coal-1998

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (mine_coarse_particles)

Estimate the stated particle-size fraction from measured source activity and applicable controlled dust/engine models; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Estimate the stated particle-size fraction from measured source activity and applicable controlled dust/engine models; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mine_dust
• Sources: epa-surface-coal-1998

Process: Physical cleaning and mechanical dewatering (conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (conditioning_electricity)

Meter cleaning and mechanical dewatering electricity without duplicating the mine meter; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 65ec3424-071f-42ab-8800-810364539813
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Meter cleaning and mechanical dewatering electricity without duplicating the mine meter; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_power
• Sources: epa-coal-cleaning-1995

Process Water (conditioning_water)

Measure externally supplied make-up water, excluding circulation already inside the boundary; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Wet cleaning uses externally supplied process water.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measure externally supplied make-up water, excluding circulation already inside the boundary; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: epa-coal-cleaning-1995

Outputs

Waste flows

Coal gangue (conditioning_gangue)

Weigh mechanically separated rock-rich coal gangue on a declared moisture basis; do not classify saleable fines as waste; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Coal gangue a5fa448c-4a0f-4ead-b9b3-8bd843d346b9
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh mechanically separated rock-rich coal gangue on a declared moisture basis; do not classify saleable fines as waste; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastes
• Sources: epa-coal-cleaning-1995

Coal-washing bleed water for treatment (conditioning_effluent)

Measure washing-circuit bleed transferred to treatment separately from mine drainage; record solids and dissolved contaminants; report per 1 kg reference flow.

Inclusion condition: Wet cleaning discharges a bleed stream to treatment.

• Selected flow: Coal-washing bleed water for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure washing-circuit bleed transferred to treatment separately from mine drainage; record solids and dissolved contaminants; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastes
• Sources: ifc-mining-2007

Process: Crushing, screening, storage and gate loading (handling)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (handling_electricity)

Meter crushing, screening, conveyor and loading electricity; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 65ec3424-071f-42ab-8800-810364539813
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Meter crushing, screening, conveyor and loading electricity; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_handling_power
• Sources: epa-surface-coal-1998

Outputs

Product flows

Sub-bituminous coal (saleable_coal)

1 kg

• Selected flow: Sub-bituminous coal a3573912-328b-402e-8f64-f39e34a6a00c
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coal
• Sources: eia-coal-glossary

Elementary flows

methane (fossil) (handling_methane)

Record only post-mining methane from handling and storage before the gate, using disclosed handling duration and basin-specific data; exclude mining-stage methane; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: methane (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9610-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record only post-mining methane from handling and storage before the gate, using disclosed handling duration and basin-specific data; exclude mining-stage methane; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handling_gas
• Sources: ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019

particles (PM2.5) (handling_fine_particles)

Calculate the stated dust-size fraction from transfers, storage exposure and controls without repeating mine-stage sources; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the stated dust-size fraction from transfers, storage exposure and controls without repeating mine-stage sources; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handling_dust
• Sources: epa-surface-coal-1998

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (handling_coarse_particles)

Calculate the stated dust-size fraction from transfers, storage exposure and controls without repeating mine-stage sources; report per 1 kg reference flow.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the stated dust-size fraction from transfers, storage exposure and controls without repeating mine-stage sources; report per 1 kg reference flow.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_handling_dust
• Sources: epa-surface-coal-1998

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	shared processes	Separate measured mine, preparation and loading operations before allocating; identify grades and recovered gas sold as distinct products.	ghgp-product-2011
allocation_basis	residual common burden	Use a demonstrated physical relationship for remaining common burdens. For coal grades, justify mass or energy allocation from the actual process relationship and measured moisture/NCV; if no physical relationship is defensible, use documented economic allocation with consistent price periods and a sensitivity result.	ghgp-product-2011
allocation_waste	waste treatment	Do not assign product revenue shares to discarded rock or treatment wastewater. Retain their management burdens with the causing production; disclose any genuine saleable by-product and avoid unsubstantiated displacement credits.	ghgp-product-2011

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_coal	handling	Coal mass and quality	measurement and reconciled record	mine; seam; rank evidence; dispatch gross and tare; stock opening and closing; raw coal mass; moisture; ash; sulfur; NCV; sampling basis	Calibrated weighbridge and stock surveys; representative paired laboratory samples with method identifiers.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_diesel	mine	Diesel consumption	measurement and reconciled record	delivery; tank stocks; equipment; operating hours; density; temperature; maintenance and reclamation use	Fuel meters and stock reconciliation, with volume-to-mass evidence.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_materials	mine	ANFO and mineral lubricant, separate records	measurement and reconciled record	material identity; formulation; issued mass; returns; opening and closing stocks; task	Supplier specifications, blast sheets and maintenance ledgers; reconcile each material independently.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_water	mine	External water and dewatering, separate circuits	measurement and reconciled record	source; abstraction; purchased supply; meter; circuit; recirculation; return; consumption; density if converted	Calibrated meters and source-resolved water balance including preparation; do not equate withdrawal with consumption.	kg or m3 by row	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_wastes	mine	Separate waste transfers	measurement and reconciled record	stream; process; mass; moisture; composition; destination; manifest; on-site storage change	Weigh each waste stream; characterize drainage/bleed chemistry; reconcile with treatment receipt and separate on-site spoil movement.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_mine_gas	mine	Mining gas and fossil CO2 sub-sources	measurement and reconciled record	source; vent/drain flow; concentration; temperature; pressure; raw coal output; recovery; destruction; flare; oxidation; engine fuel; time	Use time-integrated measurements or disclose a basin-specific estimation method with factor source and units; partition gas recovery and destruction.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_handling_gas	handling	Post-mining methane	measurement and reconciled record	raw coal; residual gas model; throughput; storage duration; gate; temperature; losses	Disclose a basin-specific post-mining estimate and the portion before the gate; reconcile separately from mining gas.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_combustion	mine	NOx and SO2, separate species	measurement and reconciled record	engine/blast; activity; fuel sulfur; test; factor source; controls; NOx mass convention	Source-specific tests or documented applicable models; attach fuel/control records and uncertainty.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_land	mine	Occupation and transformation	measurement and reconciled record	GIS area; original cover; new disturbance; occupation start/end; rehabilitation; production horizon; attributable fraction	Survey parcel-level areas and periods; match lifetime burdens to the same mine production horizon; retain planned and realized records separately.	m2 or m2*a by row	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_mine_power	mine	Mining electricity	measurement and reconciled record	meter; kWh; start/end; submeter shares; grid; voltage; self-generation separation	Calibrated meter; convert kWh to MJ; reconcile each submeter with the import total.	MJ	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_conditioning_power	conditioning	Preparation electricity	measurement and reconciled record	meter; kWh; start/end; submeter shares; grid; voltage; self-generation separation	Calibrated meter; convert kWh to MJ; reconcile each submeter with the import total.	MJ	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_handling_power	handling	Handling electricity	measurement and reconciled record	meter; kWh; start/end; submeter shares; grid; voltage; self-generation separation	Calibrated meter; convert kWh to MJ; reconcile each submeter with the import total.	MJ	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_mine_dust	mine	Separate PM2.5 and PM2.5–PM10	measurement and reconciled record	source activity; truck distance; material mass; silt; unbound moisture; wind; controls; size fraction; model version	Source tests or applicable dust model using site parameters; check geographic and tested-condition applicability; retain controls and fraction conversion.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty
cp_handling_dust	handling	Separate PM2.5 and PM2.5–PM10	measurement and reconciled record	source activity; truck distance; material mass; silt; unbound moisture; wind; controls; size fraction; model version	Source tests or applicable dust model using site parameters; check geographic and tested-condition applicability; retain controls and fraction conversion.	kg	per batch/month; retain annual total	one full declared reporting period; lifetime horizon for cp_land	identified mine and included preparation site	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; laboratory reports; transfer receipts; activity logs; method and uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
period_normalization	all inventory rows except land and the reference product	Divide each attributable period exchange by net saleable as-received coal produced in the same period; derive production from dispatch plus closing minus opening saleable stocks. Convert tonnes to kg before division.	cp_coal; cp_diesel, cp_materials, cp_water, cp_wastes, cp_mine_gas, cp_handling_gas, cp_combustion, cp_land, cp_mine_power, cp_conditioning_power, cp_handling_power, cp_mine_dust, cp_handling_dust	exchange per 1 kg reference flow
land_normalization	mine_land_occupation; mine_land_transformation	Divide attributable occupation area-time or transformation area by cumulative saleable as-received coal over the matching mine production horizon; disclose future production assumptions and update against realized output.	cp_land; cp_coal	land exchange per 1 kg reference flow
gas_activity_basis	mine_methane; handling_methane	When an applicable gas model uses raw coal tonnes, calculate its gas total with that raw-coal activity first, then divide by saleable coal kg; never apply a raw-coal factor directly to saleable tonnes.	cp_mine_gas; cp_handling_gas; cp_coal	gas exchange per 1 kg reference flow	ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
rank_quality	saleable_coal	Verify rank and report each analytical basis; one heat-content value cannot substitute for rank evidence.	cp_coal; eia-coal-glossary
mass_water_balance	all inventory rows	Reconcile coal, moisture, gangue, stocks and water separately; explain losses and measurement gaps.	cp_coal; cp_water; cp_wastes
evidence_scope	emissions	Disclose model source, test conditions, mine route, controls and uncertainty; old US dust guidance supports process identification, not a universal industry benchmark.	cp_mine_dust; cp_handling_dust; epa-surface-coal-1998
completeness	foreground package	Expand with actual site-specific atomic exchanges; record missing measurements and upstream coverage. Do not default unmeasured methane, water, rejects or combustion to zero.	activity logs; ifc-mining-2007
range_evidence	all inventory rows	Collect foreground values. No external inventory range is prescribed because two independent boundary-compatible original sources have not established one for this product state and route.	Meters, assays, surveys and source applicability review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	reference product	Reject a reference other than 1 kg net as-received saleable sub-bituminous coal, or missing rank, moisture and gate qualifiers.	eia-coal-glossary
validate_balances	foreground	Verify meter coverage, stock reconciliation, dry/wet basis and allocation sums. Check raw-coal versus saleable denominator in gas calculations and independently evaluate all applicable source classes.	ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019
validate_particles	dust	Do not sum PM2.5 and inclusive PM10 as disjoint quantities; derive the 2.5–10 micrometre fraction only from compatible measurements/models.	epa-surface-coal-1998
validate_identity	inventory	Every row must be atomic with a compatible property, unit and compartment. An unresolved UUID does not justify a proxy. Wastewater transfers require treatment links and pollutant-resolved final emissions in the completed dataset.	ifc-mining-2007
validate_disclosure	dataset	Require explicit missing-data, conditional-route, closure and allocation disclosures; distinguish measured totals, estimates and external evidence.	ghgp-product-2011

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset
downstream_use	background_dataset
allowed_use	Mine-gate coal supply for separately modelled transport, fuel use and energy systems of the declared rank
excluded_use	Consumer electricity or heat; other coal ranks; thermally upgraded coal; undisclosed generic global coal
required_metadata	All reference qualifiers; process and supplier links; methods; units; geography; time; allocation; land/closure scope
required_quality_disclosure	Measured/modelled shares; completeness; unresolved flow identities; uncertainty; absent ranges; stock and water balances; cut-offs
update_trigger	Rank/state change; mine route or source-control change; revised gas model; new meters; changed allocation, stock or closure assumptions

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025; https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv; accessed 2026-09-30	Official classification identity, CSV rows 433–440
eia-coal-glossary	official_guidance	EIA Glossary: Coal; https://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/?id=coal; accessed 2026-09-30	Coal rank and distinction between as-received and laboratory bases; entries Coal rank, Subbituminous coal, As-received condition
eia-coal-mining	official_guidance	Coal explained: Mining and transportation of coal; https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/coal/mining-and-transportation.php; accessed 2026-09-30	Surface/underground routes and conditional coal preparation; sections Removing coal and Processing coal
epa-surface-coal-1998	official_guidance	AP-42 Section 11.9 Western Surface Coal Mining, October 1998; https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c11s09.pdf; accessed 2026-09-30	Mining, handling, reclamation and dust activities, pp. 11.9-1 and 11.9-4; no transferred numerical emission factors
epa-coal-cleaning-1995	official_guidance	AP-42 Section 11.10 Coal Cleaning, November 1995; https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c11s10.pdf; accessed 2026-09-30	Physical cleaning and dewatering stages, pp. 11.10-1–3; thermal drying is outside this PCR
ipcc-coal-fugitives-2019	official_guidance	2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Volume 2 Chapter 4: Fugitive Emissions; https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/2_Volume2/19R_V2_4_Ch04_Fugitive_Emissions.pdf; accessed 2026-09-30	Sections 4.1.1, 4.1.3 and 4.1.4: mining/post-mining gas accounting and distinction between raw coal activity and saleable output; no adopted factor range
ifc-mining-2007	official_guidance	Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Mining, 10 December 2007; https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-mining-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf; accessed 2026-09-30	Water balance, mine drainage, waste rock, used oil, air and land management, pp. 2–5, 9–12; management guidance rather than inventory ranges
ghgp-product-2011	standard	Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard, WRI/WBCSD, 2011; https://docs.wbcsd.org/2011/09/Product_Life_Cycle_Accounting_Reporting_Standard.pdf; accessed 2026-09-30	Chapter 9, pp. 63–67: allocation hierarchy and disclosure; applied here to attributable foreground exchanges
ipcc-energy-zh-2000	official_guidance	IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management, Chapter 2 Energy, Chinese edition, 2000; https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/chinese/2_Energy_CN.pdf; accessed 2026-09-30	Chinese term 次烟煤, printed p. 2.29; terminology only, no calorific values transferred