Peat

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers extraction and gate supply of unagglomerated peat for fuel, horticultural or other material use. It covers milled particles and cut peat dried without agglomeration. The declared unit is a production mass reference, not an equivalence of fuel energy or horticultural service. Briquettes, coke, peat tar and formulated growing media are excluded. Different moisture and intended uses require separate dataset qualifiers. (un-cpc-3-2025; ipcc-wetlands-2006).

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.coal-and-peat.peat
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 11051
covered_products	Unagglomerated milled peat and cut peat
excluded_products	Peat briquettes; peat coke; peat tar; formulated growing media
representative_product	Bulk unagglomerated peat at declared moisture
production_route	Peatland preparation and drainage; milling or cutting; natural drying; collection; stockpiling and gate loading
market_state	Bulk peat, declared wet-basis moisture and intended use; no additives

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply unagglomerated peat at production gate
How much	1 kg reference flow
How well	Declared moisture, ash, peat type, particle state and intended use; disclose net calorific value for fuel use
How long or cycle	One gate supply; representative complete production year including seasonal drainage
reference_flow_link	peat_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Peat 485febdb-01e0-47ad-8ebe-c500a35669bd
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Site and source peatland; prior land use; climate; drainage dates and ditch fraction; peat type; milling or cutting; moisture wet basis; ash basis; intended use; gate; stockpile duration; production year; carbon accounting convention and restoration scenario

Declare all required qualifiers in the foreground package; missing qualifiers make the reference incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass	kg	Use net gate mass at declared wet-basis moisture; packaging excluded; collect using cp_mass. All inventory uses per 1 kg reference flow.
moisture_basis	peat_resource, peat_output	Mass	kg	Record wet mass and moisture fraction w on the same sample basis; dry mass equals wet mass times (1-w). Do not replace declared wet reference mass with dry mass.
electricity_unit	electricity_input	Energy	MJ	Preserve metered kWh; multiply by 3.6 to obtain MJ; collect using cp_energy.
gas_basis	peatland_nitrous_oxide, soil_carbon_dioxide	Mass	kg	Convert carbon mass to CO2 by 44/12 and N2O-N to N2O by 44/28 only when raw factors use those element bases. Do not apply conversion twice.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Source peat deposit with documented prior land use and drainage history
starting_condition_role	Natural resource entry; prior drainage remains attributable where caused by peat extraction
product_classification_scope	Unagglomerated peat; CPC reference does not imply usable methodology for briquettes
recursive_input_rule	Purchased peat is a product input requiring its own extraction dataset; do not replace it by an elementary extraction or recursively recreate its supplier
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link geographically matched fuel and electricity production, external treatment and any purchased peat; avoid duplicate supplier extraction
disclosure	Report active, preparation and inactive drained areas, historical conversion and restoration horizon; disclose all exclusions and carbon stocks exported

rule_id	applies_to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_production	foreground	Include preparation, drainage maintenance, harvesting, drying, storage and loading; include on-site GHG and land occupation. Collect omitted actual fuels, chemicals, wastes and emissions as separate atomic exchanges before dataset acceptance.	ipcc-wetlands-2006
boundary_carbon	peatland_management	Keep soil carbon loss, fuel combustion and exported peat carbon separate. Include land conversion and attributable drained inactive areas; disclose a site-specific post-extraction drainage/restoration scenario separately from annual operating inventory, including its allocation to recovered peat.	ipcc-wetlands-2006; ipcc-wetlands-2013
boundary_downstream	gate	Exclude downstream peat combustion, horticultural oxidation, growing-media formulation and customer delivery. Do not treat exported carbon as an emission at the gate or award an automatic sequestration credit.	ipcc-wetlands-2006
boundary_water	drainage_doc, drainage_effluent	Wastewater transferred to treatment and direct environmental DOC release are different destinations; do not count the same untreated DOC again as both treatment input and direct release. Quantify downstream DOC oxidation only in an explicitly separate scenario.	ipcc-wetlands-2013

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
peatland_management	Peatland land and drainage accounting	required	All source sites	Land and direct emissions accounting	per 1 kg reference flow
peat_production	Extraction, natural drying and gate supply	required	All production routes	Foreground physical production including site utilities	per 1 kg reference flow

Process: Peatland management (peatland_management)

Inputs

Elementary flows

Occupation of peat extraction land (land_occupation)

Collect occupied area and duration attributable to peat extraction, including drained inactive areas.

• Selected flow: Occupation of peat extraction land
• Flow property / unit: Areatime / m2a
• Amount rule: Collect occupied area and duration attributable to peat extraction, including drained inactive areas. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_land
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Transformation of natural peatland to extraction land (land_transformation)

Record newly converted area and original peatland state; allocate establishment across documented recoverable production without repeating it annually.

• Selected flow: Transformation of natural peatland to extraction land
• Flow property / unit: Area / m2
• Amount rule: Record newly converted area and original peatland state; allocate establishment across documented recoverable production without repeating it annually. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_land
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Outputs

Waste flows

Peat extraction drainage effluent sent to treatment (drainage_effluent)

Include only when drainage effluent leaves for treatment; measure the transferred water mass and identify receiver and treatment.

• Selected flow: Peat extraction drainage effluent sent to treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Include only when drainage effluent leaves for treatment; measure the transferred water mass and identify receiver and treatment. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Elementary flows

Carbon dioxide from peatland carbon-stock loss to air (soil_carbon_dioxide)

Quantify on-site soil and vegetation carbon losses during preparation, extraction and attributable drainage; exclude carbon exported in product.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide from peatland carbon-stock loss to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Quantify on-site soil and vegetation carbon losses during preparation, extraction and attributable drainage; exclude carbon exported in product. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_ghg
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Methane to non-urban air (peatland_methane)

Collect soil and ditch methane fluxes or apply documented region-appropriate factors to mapped areas and durations.

• Selected flow: Methane to non-urban air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect soil and ditch methane fluxes or apply documented region-appropriate factors to mapped areas and durations. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_ghg
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Nitrous oxide to non-urban air (peatland_nitrous_oxide)

Collect N2O fluxes or calculate from matched land-use, climate and drainage activity data; preserve N2O versus N2O-N distinction.

• Selected flow: nitrous oxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c6-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Collect N2O fluxes or calculate from matched land-use, climate and drainage activity data; preserve N2O versus N2O-N distinction. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_ghg
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Dissolved organic carbon to fresh water (drainage_doc)

Include when drainage discharges to fresh water; integrate discharge volume and measured dissolved organic carbon concentration; record kg carbon, not kg water.

The public flow has no Chinese baseName; retain the canonical English name.

• Selected flow: DOC, Dissolved Organic Carbon 21291e2b-f570-4264-a430-1522a6d67805
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Include when drainage discharges to fresh water; integrate discharge volume and measured dissolved organic carbon concentration; record kg carbon, not kg water. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2013

Process: Peat production (peat_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (diesel_input)

Measure diesel consumed by site preparation, pumps, milling or cutting, collecting and stockpile handling; separate own combustion from contracted complete services.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measure diesel consumed by site preparation, pumps, milling or cutting, collecting and stockpile handling; separate own combustion from contracted complete services. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2006

Electricity (electricity_input)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Meter purchased electricity for pumps and production; convert kWh to MJ using 3.6 MJ/kWh. Include only when purchased electricity is used.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Meter purchased electricity for pumps and production; convert kWh to MJ using 3.6 MJ/kWh. Include only when purchased electricity is used. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2006

Elementary flows

Peat in ground, extracted mass (peat_resource)

Measure excavated peat mass and moisture; reconcile dry matter with final product, stock changes and physical losses. Do not assume resource depletion equals wet gate mass.

• Selected flow: Peat in ground, extracted mass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure excavated peat mass and moisture; reconcile dry matter with final product, stock changes and physical losses. Do not assume resource depletion equals wet gate mass. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2006

Outputs

Product flows

Peat (peat_output)

1 kg reference flow; collect net unagglomerated peat output at declared gate moisture.

• Selected flow: Peat 485febdb-01e0-47ad-8ebe-c500a35669bd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2006

Elementary flows

Carbon dioxide fossil to non-urban air (diesel_carbon_dioxide)

Determine diesel combustion CO2 from measured fuel carbon and oxidation or traceable combustion factors; exclude soil carbon loss.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9c13-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Determine diesel combustion CO2 from measured fuel carbon and oxidation or traceable combustion factors; exclude soil carbon loss. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2006

PM10 to air (peat_pm10)

Include emitted PM10 from extraction and handling using size-specific monitoring or a documented site model; do not substitute total dust.

• Selected flow: particles (PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-91be-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Include emitted PM10 from extraction and handling using size-specific monitoring or a documented site model; do not substitute total dust. Report measured period total divided by net gate peat output in kg.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion
• Sources: ipcc-wetlands-2006

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	foreground	Use dedicated site and route records before allocating common burdens; exclude internal peat rehandling from saleable output.
allocation_common	multiple_peat_grades	For inseparable common burdens of unagglomerated peat grades, use measured dry-matter output shares so moisture does not change burden share; disclose shares, rejected material and sensitivity to an alternative allocation. Preparation and closure burdens use documented lifetime recovered dry-matter production and reconcile annually. No avoided-product credit in the gate dataset.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	peat_production	peat mass	weighing	net gate mass; excavated mass; moisture fraction w; dry-matter stock change; rejects	Calibrated weighbridge or scales and representative paired moisture samples; record mass balance and stock surveys.	kg	Each lot; reconcile annually	One complete representative year plus attributable establishment/closure	Source peatland and production gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; field records; model/factor provenance; boundary reconciliation
cp_energy	peat_production	diesel and electricity records	meter_log	diesel kg; density for litre conversion; electricity kWh; equipment hours; contracted service boundary	Read calibrated meters, fuel receipts and stock changes; assign preparation, pumping and extraction without double counting.	kg; kWh	Monthly and production season	One complete representative year plus attributable establishment/closure	Source peatland and production gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; field records; model/factor provenance; boundary reconciliation
cp_land	peatland_management	land use	survey	area m2; occupation years; prior land state; converted area; active and inactive drained area; ditch widths and lengths	GIS survey and drainage history; verify mapped dates, ownership and restoration plan; retain production lifetime basis.	m2; a	Annually and each conversion	One complete representative year plus attributable establishment/closure	Source peatland and production gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; field records; model/factor provenance; boundary reconciliation
cp_ghg	peatland_management	peatland gases	monitoring_model	CO2-C; CH4; N2O-N; climate; nutrient class; flux intervals; ditch fraction; model and factors; production kg	Use seasonally representative chamber or flux monitoring, or document IPCC method tier and matched activity/factors. Separate conversion, soil loss and ditch flux; include nonproduction season.	kg; m2; a	Seasonal integration over full year	One complete representative year plus attributable establishment/closure	Source peatland and production gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; field records; model/factor provenance; boundary reconciliation
cp_water	peatland_management	drainage	sampling	discharge volume; DOC concentration; receiver; treatment-transfer mass; sample dates and storms	Measure discharge and flow-weighted DOC samples across season and storms; retain treatment receipts and receiving-water identity.	kg; m3; mg/L	Seasonal and storm-event coverage	One complete representative year plus attributable establishment/closure	Source peatland and production gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; field records; model/factor provenance; boundary reconciliation
cp_combustion	peat_production	combustion and dust	monitoring_model	diesel carbon; oxidation; CO2 factors; measured PM10; activity; controls; model uncertainty	Use fuel-carbon balance for CO2 and PM10-specific monitoring or validated site model. Add other actual combustion pollutants as separate atomic rows.	kg	Production-season records and annual reconciliation	One complete representative year plus attributable establishment/closure	Source peatland and production gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; field records; model/factor provenance; boundary reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_period	all inventory rows	Inventory intensity = attributable period exchange total / net gate peat output in kg; reference output is 1 kg. Both numerator and denominator refer to the same period and moisture state.	cp_mass; cp_energy; cp_land; cp_ghg; cp_water; cp_combustion	exchange per 1 kg reference flow
dry_matter_reconcile	peat_resource, peat_output	Dry mass = wet mass * (1-w); resource dry mass plus opening stocks equals sold dry mass plus closing stocks plus accounted losses; report residual and sampling uncertainty.	cp_mass	dry-matter reconciliation
ghg_activity	soil_carbon_dioxide, peatland_methane, peatland_nitrous_oxide	Integrate observed flux * area * duration, or sum matched area * duration * applicable factor by stratum. Retain units and factor provenance; distinguish ditch area and soil surface to avoid overlap. Convert element-basis factors before normalization.	cp_ghg; cp_land; cp_mass	gas mass per reference flow	ipcc-wetlands-2013
doc_mass	drainage_doc	DOC kg = sum(discharge m3 * DOC mg/L) * 0.001; normalize using normalize_period; retain sampling uncertainty and direct-discharge boundary.	cp_water; cp_mass	kg dissolved organic carbon per reference flow

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_site	all	Match peat type, climate, drainage history and harvest technology; use a full representative year and disclose production variability.	cp_land; cp_mass; ipcc-wetlands-2013
quality_balance	all	Reconcile energy invoices, production and stocks; report losses and missing exchange coverage explicitly. Add site-specific thermal drying or packaging only with identified individual exchanges and matching protocols.	cp_energy; cp_mass
quality_carbon	peatland_management	Retain carbon-stock boundaries and model/factor version; disclose uncertainty and avoid treating extraction as instant release of all exported carbon.	cp_ghg; ipcc-wetlands-2006; ipcc-wetlands-2013

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	peat_output	Require 1 kg net gate peat, declared moisture and all reference qualifiers; do not compare wet and dry datasets as equivalent.
validate_completeness	all	Require every applicable atomic exchange, matching collection records and upstream links; unresolved UUIDs remain explicit. Absence needs physical evidence, not an invented zero.
validate_carbon	peatland_management	Check land-area and duration coverage, ditch fractions, element-to-gas units, DOC destination and separate diesel versus soil carbon; disclose post-extraction scenario and allocation.	ipcc-wetlands-2013
validate_balance	peat_resource, peat_output	Check dry-matter reconciliation and residual uncertainty before acceptance; no universal loss or energy range is specified.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Declared unagglomerated peat gate supply with matched moisture and use qualifiers
excluded_use	Briquette manufacture; downstream combustion or horticultural function equivalence; carbon-neutral peat claims
required_metadata	Reference qualifiers; site; year; routes; upstream providers; allocation; land history; scenario horizon
required_quality_disclosure	Missing UUIDs; data coverage; uncertainty; moisture and carbon balance; omitted flows; closure scenario sensitivity
update_trigger	Drainage or restoration change; new harvest route; moisture or product-use change; updated site measurements or emission methodology

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	Product identity, peat versus briquettes; accessed 2026-09-30
ipcc-wetlands-2006	official_guidance	IPCC, 2006 Guidelines, Volume 4 Chapter 7, section 7.2, p.7.8. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_07_Ch7_Wetlands.pdf	Preparation, extraction and post-extraction phases and gate/downstream carbon distinction; accessed 2026-09-30
ipcc-wetlands-2013	official_guidance	IPCC, 2014, 2013 Wetlands Supplement, Chapter 2, sections 2.2.1–2.2.3. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/pdf/Wetlands_Supplement_Entire_Report.pdf	Drained organic-soil GHG, ditch area, activity collection, DOC distinction; no empirical production ranges adopted; accessed 2026-09-30