Straw or fodder balers, including pickup balers

1. Scope and Applicability

This rule covers manufacture of a complete, accepted straw or fodder baler at the factory gate, including a pickup baler when fitted. It applies to round and square balers whose function is to compact harvested straw or fodder into bales. Record the actual model and configuration. It excludes tractors, standalone mowers and other haymaking machines, loose straw or fodder, bales, field operation, maintenance, and end of life. Purchased materials and components enter as upstream product inputs; the foreground includes site-performed cutting, forming, welding and finishing, together with assembly and acceptance. Include each operation only when performed for the declared configuration.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.special-purpose-machinery.straw-or-fodder-balers-including-pickup-balers
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 44125 (un-cpc-3-2025)
covered_products	Complete straw or fodder round and square balers, including pickup balers
excluded_products	Other haymaking machinery; tractors; baler parts sold separately; baled straw or fodder
representative_product	One accepted complete baler of a declared model and configuration
production_route	Steel fabrication, welding, finishing where used, assembly and acceptance; purchased components remain separate inputs
market_state	Complete tested machine at the factory gate, excluding transport packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Compact harvested straw or fodder into bales with an accepted complete baler.
How much	One accepted complete baler of the declared configuration.
How well	Conforms to the manufacturer's acceptance record for that configuration; state pickup and bale format.
How long or cycle	One manufactured machine at the factory gate; service life and field cycles are outside this production dataset.
reference_flow_link	finished_baler

Field	Value
Reference amount	M
Reference product flow	Straw or fodder balers, including pickup balers 696c0149-7a29-424b-8aa3-bd8e3f015901
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model; serial or lot; round or square bale format; pickup configuration; drive and wrapping configuration; accepted complete net mass M; factory gate and reporting period

M is measured for the accepted machine represented by the data package. Do not substitute a catalogue weight or transport gross mass.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete baler of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_energy	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Record purchased electricity as metered energy in MJ; convert from kWh using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and preserve the meter unit in the source record.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased steel, coating material, components and electricity enter the integrated factory boundary; disclose incoming state and supplier gate.
starting_condition_role	Upstream inputs to an accepted complete baler manufacturing dataset.
product_classification_scope	Complete balers classified by CPC 3.0 44125, not crop material or separately sold machinery parts.
recursive_input_rule	If an input is itself a complete baler, record it as a separately purchased product and link an upstream dataset; do not recurse into this foreground process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use upstream datasets for each purchased input with matching material state, electricity supply geography and supplier gate.
disclosure	Disclose model, configuration, site, period, included stages, purchased-component content and exclusions.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_gate	factory_gate	Include purchased inputs and on-site fabrication, finishing, assembly and acceptance through the accepted machine gate; exclude field use and disposal.
boundary_identity	product_category	Keep complete balers separate from neighbouring haymaking machinery and separately sold parts.	un-cpc-3-2025

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
baler_manufacture	Integrated baler fabrication and assembly	required	Every accepted baler	Foreground manufacturing and acceptance; includes site electricity for all included stages	per one accepted finished baler
powder_finishing	Powder-coating material application	conditional	Include only when the declared machine's finish uses powder coating; exclude for other finishing routes and disclose the alternative route	Foreground finishing material input, with energy already in baler_manufacture	per one accepted finished baler

Process: Integrated baler fabrication and assembly (baler_manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Hot-rolled non-alloy steel sheet input (steel_sheet)

Record the mass of one specified hot-rolled non-alloy steel sheet or plate stock delivered for the configured baler, before cutting. Record grade and thickness; do not substitute alloy or galvanized stock.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolled non-alloy steel sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured stock issued to accepted baler production.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Solid steel arc-welding wire input (welding_wire)

Include when solid-wire arc welding is used for this baler. Record the mass of the specific wire grade issued net of returned wire; another welding route requires its own resolved exchange.

• Selected flow: Solid steel arc-welding wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured solid wire consumed for accepted baler production.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Purchased electricity for manufacture (electricity)

Record the attributable metered electricity delivered to the site for fabrication, finishing, assembly and acceptance; choose the upstream electricity dataset for the site and reporting period.

• Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered purchased electricity attributable to accepted balers, converted to MJ.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Purchased baler gearbox (gearbox)

Record one configured agricultural-baler gearbox received as a separate purchased component when fitted. Use its supplier dataset; do not use a wind-turbine gearbox proxy.

• Selected flow: Agricultural baler gearbox
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / item
• Amount rule: Accepted gearbox count installed in the declared baler configuration.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_parts

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted complete baler (finished_baler)

Measure the net mass of the complete machine after acceptance and before transport packaging; use the same configuration and acceptance record as the functional unit.

• Selected flow: Straw or fodder balers, including pickup balers 696c0149-7a29-424b-8aa3-bd8e3f015901
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: M kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel fabrication scrap (steel_scrap)

Record segregated steel offcuts leaving the factory as waste. If scrap is internally reused, keep it within the foreground material balance and exclude it from this exported waste amount.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed steel scrap crossing the factory waste gate.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste

Elementary flows

Process: Powder-coating material application (powder_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Powder-coating paint input (powder_coating)

Include only for the powder-coating route. Record the mass of one formulated powder-coating paint charged net of recovered powder; disclose formulation and coating technology.

• Selected flow: Powder Coating 6e3010f9-fbd3-48f6-95fc-c1b38d2800d2
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured powder paint consumed for the accepted baler configuration.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished baler
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_direct	shared_factory_inputs	First assign directly metered or recorded material, electricity and waste to the declared baler model and period.
allocation_shared	unavoidable_shared_inputs	When direct assignment is unavailable, allocate the measured shared quantity by a documented physical driver reflecting use of the shared process; disclose driver, denominator and sensitivity.
scrap_no_credit	steel_scrap	Report exported steel scrap as a waste flow at the gate; avoid an unverified avoided-production credit in the foreground inventory.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	baler_manufacture	accepted complete baler	weighing record	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Weigh the accepted complete baler on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each accepted machine	reporting period	manufacturing site	accepted net mass per baler	calibration certificate; acceptance record
cp_material	baler_manufacture	steel sheet and solid welding wire, each separately	issue and return ledger	model; configuration; material specification; issued mass; returned mass; accepted machine count	Reconcile material issue and returns for each atomic product against the accepted machine record.	kg	each batch	reporting period	manufacturing site	per one accepted finished baler	weighed issue records; BOM; return ledger
cp_energy	baler_manufacture	purchased electricity	meter and allocation record	meter id; kWh; period; production line; accepted machine count; allocation driver	Read calibrated meter totals and assign attributable electricity to accepted machines.	MJ	monthly	reporting period	manufacturing site	per one accepted finished baler	meter readings; tariff invoice; allocation worksheet
cp_parts	baler_manufacture	agricultural baler gearbox	receipt and installation ledger	component specification; received count; installed count; model; serial number	Reconcile supplier receipts and installed gearbox count to each accepted configuration.	item	each accepted machine	reporting period	manufacturing site	per one accepted finished baler	supplier invoice; BOM; acceptance record
cp_waste	baler_manufacture	exported steel scrap	weighed waste transfer	scrap grade; mass; transfer date; receiver; accepted machine count	Weigh segregated offcuts at the waste gate and deduct internal returns.	kg	each transfer	reporting period	manufacturing site	per one accepted finished baler	weighbridge ticket; transfer note
cp_coating	powder_finishing	powder coating paint	coating material ledger	formulation; charged mass; recovered mass; coated model; accepted machine count	Reconcile powder charged and recovered for the declared coating route.	kg	each coating batch	reporting period	manufacturing site	per one accepted finished baler	issue ledger; recovery record; coating specification

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
electricity_convert	electricity	Electricity in MJ equals metered kWh multiplied by 3.6.	meter kWh	MJ per accepted baler

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and components	Confirm model, configuration, bale format, pickup and installed gearbox specification.	BOM and acceptance record
dq_balance	steel_sheet and steel_scrap	Reconcile issued sheet, returned stock, incorporated steel and exported scrap without treating internal reuse as waste.	material and waste ledgers
dq_time	all foreground exchanges	Use the same reporting period and site scope as the accepted machine output.	dated meter, issue, transfer and acceptance records
dq_route	powder_finishing	Disclose actual coating route and product formulation; mark this process not applicable if powder coating is absent.	coating specification and batch record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_mass	finished_baler	Check M is the accepted net mass from cp_mass and the output amount is M kg for the same configuration.
validate_basis	all_inventory_rows	Check every input and waste amount is per one accepted finished baler and tied to a collection record.
validate_identity	unresolved_flow_uuids	Do not substitute non-exact TianGong identities for hot-rolled sheet, solid welding wire or the baler gearbox.
validate_route	powder_finishing	Require a declared powder-coating route before including powder_coating.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for one declared baler model and configuration.
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset for subsequent machinery systems
allowed_use	Model cradle-to-factory-gate manufacturing of the declared baler configuration.
excluded_use	Field baling service, lifetime impacts, tractor operation or end-of-life claims without additional data.
required_metadata	model, configuration, bale format, pickup, gearbox, coating route, site, period, M and gate definition
required_quality_disclosure	measurement evidence, allocated shares, unresolved flow UUIDs, missing external ranges and excluded stages
update_trigger	Change of machine configuration, material specification, coating route, supplier mix or production site.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	CPC 44125 product identity and neighbouring category distinction