Abrasive-finishing and other metal-removal machine tools

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers manufacture of complete machine tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping or polishing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets using abrasives, and complete planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear-cutting, gear-grinding, gear-finishing, sawing and cutting-off machine tools. The common methodology is configuration-resolved equipment production: purchased component burdens, in-house fabrication, assembly, factory acceptance and packaging are attributed to the accepted machine. It does not treat machining services or the workpieces made by a customer's machine as the reference product.

The product boundary follows un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025, code 44216 and adjacent entries. These families share a manufacturing accounting framework but do not have interchangeable performance or operating-energy requirements. Publish a model/configuration-specific dataset or a disclosed production-weighted mix; do not average unlike technologies without reporting the mix. A CNC grinding machine is a representative configuration, not a restriction of coverage to grinding.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.special-purpose-machinery.machine-tools-for-deburring-sharpening-grinding-honing-lapping-polishing-or-otherwise-f-930d4668
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:44216; classification context only
covered_products	Complete abrasive-finishing, planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear-cutting/finishing, sawing and cutting-off machine tools for the stated metallic work materials
excluded_products	Separately supplied cutting tools, grinding wheels, attachments and spare parts; machining services and finished workpieces; laser, EDM, electrochemical and water-jet machines; machining centres; lathes; drilling, boring, milling, threading and tapping machines; metal-forming presses; machines for wood or mineral materials
representative_product	Complete electrically driven CNC grinding machine with its declared bed, spindle, drives, control cabinet, guards and installed auxiliaries
production_route	Purchased finished assemblies and castings; conditional in-house component fabrication; mechanical/electrical assembly; factory acceptance and preparation for dispatch
market_state	New, complete, accepted machine at factory gate; installed auxiliaries and retained operating fills disclosed; transport packaging accounted separately

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of a complete machine tool capable of the declared metal-removal or abrasive-finishing operation
How much	One accepted complete machine
How well	Meets the purchaser's documented capacity, work envelope, accuracy, surface-finish and safety acceptance specification for the declared model and configuration
How long or cycle	One manufacturing and factory-acceptance cycle; operating life and customer use are outside this production dataset
reference_flow_link	finished_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	M
Reference product flow	Machine-tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets by means of grinding stones, abrasives or polishing products, machine-tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off and other machine-tools working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets n.e.c. 84023a05-6bd8-46e1-9d67-a9b99457f876
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Machine family; model; configuration; serial/batch coverage; CNC or manual control; workpiece material; work envelope; installed drive power; declared accuracy and surface-finish acceptance criteria; delivered spindle/tooling; included coolant, filtration, extraction and hydraulic auxiliaries; retained fluid fills; measured net mass M; factory location; production period; make/buy boundary

The required qualifiers must be present in the foreground data package. No category-wide machine weight, service life, duty cycle or machining productivity is prescribed.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete machine of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
item_basis	all inventory rows	Exchange-specific property	Row unit per machine	Every exchange is attributable to one accepted machine of that configuration. The reference amount is M kg, not a numerical one-kg manufacturing inventory.
energy_metering	electricity_fabrication; electricity_assembly; electricity_test	Energy	kWh	Retain metered electrical energy; convert MJ records by 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Nameplate power alone is not measured consumption. Include auxiliaries and attributable standby.
fluids_basis	coolant_fabrication; coolant_test; water_fabrication; water_test; oil_fill; oil_test	Mass	kg	Record neat concentrate, dilution water and mineral lubricating oil separately. Use measured density at declared conditions if converting volumes. Separate retained fills, recovered circulation and discharged quantities.

The selected electricity flow uses the registry's energy property named Net calorific value. Here it represents metered electrical energy, not combustion of the machine. Preserve the exact 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ conversion and record the actual supply voltage, supplier/generation mix, location and year in the upstream dataset; the generic flow identity establishes none of those qualifiers.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased metal stock, finished bed casting and separately identified functional assemblies received for the declared manufacturing route
starting_condition_role	Foreground entry boundary; upstream production burdens remain linked
product_classification_scope	Complete machines in CPC 44216; purchased parts retain their own product identities
recursive_input_rule	A purchased complete same-category machine used as production equipment is a capital asset, not raw feed. A same-category module incorporated in the product requires explicit nesting and one upstream link; do not recursively recreate its inventory.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased input to production at its actual incoming state, including casting, machining, heat treatment and coating already performed. Record supplier region, technology, transport distance/mode and data quality. Do not substitute raw metal for a finished motor or control cabinet.
disclosure	Declare make/buy decisions, subcontract processing, auxiliaries, retained fills, packaging, infrastructure treatment, transport and all exclusions. Supplier activities must not disappear merely because they are outside the factory.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_production	production_system	Include attributable receipt/handling, fabrication, purchased component supply, assembly, factory tests including failed tests and rework, packaging, internal transport and manufacturing-waste management. Link inbound transport and outsourced processing explicitly. Customer installation, use, maintenance and machine end-of-life are outside the declared factory-gate result.
boundary_route	foreground_inventory	The cards are a common physical-flow core. Reconcile every actual bill-of-materials item and operation. Add distinct atomic rows for omitted actuators, guides, ball screws, gears, wiring, guards, tool/work holders, hydraulic pumps/cylinders, filters, coolers, purchased heat, fuels, gases, coating chemicals and direct emissions whenever present. No residual catch-all row or silent exclusion is allowed.
boundary_fluids	machining_and_testing	Include coolant replenishment, cleaning, oil carry-out, spent fluid and separated metal residue. Internal recirculation is not a new external input. Distinguish manufacturing/test use from the customer's operating life.	jrc-fabricated-metal-bemp-2020
boundary_capital	infrastructure	Identify production machinery and building datasets and disclose their allocation over actual productive service. If excluded, justify materiality and provide sensitivity for potentially important assets; the machine being manufactured is never excluded as capital equipment.
boundary_supplier	subcontract_operations	For an outsourced operation, use the processed component at the supplier gate plus its transport, or model the supplier operation with actual inputs and outputs. Never count both full processed-component burdens and the same operation separately.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
fabrication	Component preparation and machining	conditional	In-house cutting, machining or abrasive finishing of metal components is performed	foreground production	per one accepted finished machine
assembly	Mechanical and electrical assembly	required		foreground production	per one accepted finished machine
test_pack	Factory acceptance and dispatch preparation	required		foreground production	per one accepted finished machine

Flow cards apply only when their stated physical exchange occurs. An absent exchange requires a documented route/BOM check; missing data is not zero. Internal part transfers between these stages are tracked in the manufacturing order and counted once in the integrated foreground system. Independently published subprocesses must add matching, specific intermediate flows.

Process: Component preparation and machining (fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Carbon-steel plate (steel)

Include when non-alloy carbon-steel plate is cut into structural parts in-house. Weigh gross issues less unused returns; record grade and thickness. Finished purchased structures must not also carry this raw-stock input.

• Selected flow: Carbon-steel plate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Fabrication electricity (electricity_fabrication)

Include metered machining, extraction, coolant-pump and attributable idle electricity within the fabrication meter boundary; exclude electricity already represented in purchased finished components.

• Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kWh per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Fabrication coolant concentrate (coolant_fabrication)

Include water-soluble metalworking-fluid concentrate where wet machining is performed. Record formulation, fresh additions and stock changes separately from dilution water and recirculation.

• Selected flow: Water-soluble metalworking-fluid concentrate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fluids
• Sources:

Fabrication dilution water (water_fabrication)

Include supplied tap water added to the machining-fluid system where applicable; measure make-up mass, not the recirculating volume.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fluids
• Sources:

Fabrication grinding wheel (abrasive_fabrication)

Include aluminium-oxide grinding-wheel consumption where in-house abrasive finishing uses that wheel chemistry. Record bond and dressing/wear loss; different abrasives require separate identified rows.

• Selected flow: Aluminium-oxide grinding wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tools
• Sources:

Outputs

Waste flows

Fabrication steel scrap (steel_scrap_fabrication)

Include segregated carbon-steel machining scrap dispatched as waste. Weigh and disclose retained coolant; avoid counting separated oil twice. Supplier-owned scrap outside the foreground belongs to the supplier dataset.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Fabrication spent coolant emulsion (spent_coolant_fabrication)

Include discharged aqueous metalworking emulsion, not fluid circulating internally. Record composition, contamination, mass and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Spent aqueous metalworking emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Fabrication spent grinding wheel (spent_abrasive_fabrication)

Include discarded aluminium-oxide grinding-wheel remnants from fabrication. Weigh segregated remnants; collected fine grinding dust is a distinct waste and needs its own composition-specific row if generated.

• Selected flow: Spent aluminium-oxide grinding wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Fabrication PM10 release (pm10_fabrication)

Include PM10 actually released to air from in-house grinding where present. Use measured outlet release after controls; captured solids are not air emissions.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, PM10, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources:

Process: Mechanical and electrical assembly (assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Finished cast-iron bed (bed)

Include the finished grey-cast-iron machine bed purchased for the configuration. Measure its net mass and link its actual casting/machining/coating state; do not use raw pig iron as its upstream identity.

• Selected flow: Finished grey-cast-iron machine-tool bed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Installed AC motor (motor)

Include separately purchased industrial AC motors installed in the machine. Record motor specification and total net installed mass; exclude motors already inside a purchased spindle assembly or auxiliary package.

• Selected flow: Electric motor 014f80a3-c257-425b-9b75-3e5a18573695
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Electrical control cabinet (cabinet)

Include the complete purchased machine-tool electrical control cabinet with its specified electronics and enclosure. Retain supplier configuration and mass; separately added wiring must be inventoried without duplicating cabinet contents.

• Selected flow: Machine-tool electrical control cabinet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Spindle assembly (spindle)

Include the purchased machine-tool spindle assembly where fitted. Record included bearings, motor and cooling auxiliaries to prevent double counting with separately purchased items.

• Selected flow: Machine-tool spindle assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Separately installed ball bearing (bearing)

Include ball bearings purchased and installed outside already-inventoried assemblies. Sum measured installed mass; other bearing technologies need distinct rows where present.

• Selected flow: Ball bearing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Retained mineral lubricating oil (oil_fill)

Include fresh mineral lubricating oil retained in the delivered machine. Record specification and net retained fill, which is included in M. Consumed/flushed oil and waste must be reconciled separately.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fluids
• Sources:

Assembly electricity (electricity_assembly)

Include metered mechanical/electrical assembly electricity and its allocated auxiliaries. Do not include acceptance-test energy again.

• Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kWh per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Process: Factory acceptance and dispatch preparation (test_pack)

Inputs

Product flows

Carbon-steel test plate (test_steel)

Include non-alloy carbon-steel plate used for factory acceptance tests when that test material is specified. It is not incorporated in M; reused test stock is attributed using documented consumption.

• Selected flow: Carbon-steel plate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tools
• Sources:

Acceptance electricity (electricity_test)

Include accepted and failed/repeated factory-test cycles, spindle/axis drives, cooling, extraction and attributable standby. Record the test sequence rather than assuming customer duty cycles.

• Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kWh per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Test coolant concentrate (coolant_test)

Include fresh water-soluble metalworking-fluid concentrate consumed during wet acceptance testing. Separate retained delivered fill, returned usable stock and drain losses in the fluid balance.

• Selected flow: Water-soluble metalworking-fluid concentrate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fluids
• Sources:

Test dilution water (water_test)

Include fresh supplied tap water added during wet acceptance testing. Record retained delivery water and discharged test emulsion separately.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fluids
• Sources:

Test grinding-wheel consumption (abrasive_test)

Include aluminium-oxide grinding-wheel consumption during applicable abrasive acceptance tests. A serviceable wheel delivered with the machine belongs to the delivered BOM and M, not this consumption quantity.

• Selected flow: Aluminium-oxide grinding wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tools
• Sources:

Test lubricating oil replenishment (oil_test)

Include fresh mineral lubricating oil used for tests or flushing, excluding the retained delivered fill recorded in oil_fill. Reconcile drained oil, recovery, consumption and stock changes.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fluids
• Sources:

Wooden dispatch pallet (pallet)

Include the wooden pallet supporting the dispatched machine. Record timber state, mass and evidenced reuse allocation; additional crates and fasteners require separate rows if used.

• Selected flow: Wooden pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources:

Polyethylene wrapping film (film)

Include polyethylene film used to protect the machine during dispatch. Weigh actual film consumption separately from the pallet and other packaging.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted complete machine (finished_machine)

Output one complete accepted machine with net measured mass M kg. Exclude transport packaging and temporary test pieces; include the declared installed assemblies and retained fills.

• Selected flow: Machine-tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets by means of grinding stones, abrasives or polishing products, machine-tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing, cutting-off and other machine-tools working by removing metal, sintered metal carbides or cermets n.e.c. 84023a05-6bd8-46e1-9d67-a9b99457f876
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: M kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Acceptance steel scrap (steel_scrap_test)

Include segregated carbon-steel scrap consumed in acceptance testing and sent for waste management. Record wet/dry basis and recovered oil separately.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Spent test coolant emulsion (spent_coolant_test)

Include aqueous metalworking emulsion drained from factory tests. Separate product-retained fluid and reused fluid from the off-site waste quantity.

• Selected flow: Spent aqueous metalworking emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Waste mineral lubricating oil (waste_oil_test)

Include used mineral lubricating oil removed during acceptance or flushing when it occurs. Record fresh replacement oil separately; oil retained at dispatch remains part of M.

• Selected flow: Waste mineral lubricating oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Spent test grinding wheel (spent_abrasive_test)

Include discarded aluminium-oxide wheel remnants from acceptance tests; do not combine them with metal swarf or collected dust.

• Selected flow: Spent aluminium-oxide grinding wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Acceptance PM10 release (pm10_test)

Include measured PM10 discharged to air by abrasive acceptance tests after abatement. Other emission species and captured solids need separate measured identities where present.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, PM10, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the actual exchange amount in kg per one accepted finished machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_hierarchy	shared_processes	First investigate subdivision or system expansion. Prefer order-specific meters and material issues for the single-machine production dataset. Where subdivision is impossible and expansion would change the declared product function, allocate using a demonstrated causal physical relationship. Document why the preceding options cannot be used.	eu-pef-methods-2021
allocation_drivers	shared_utilities	Use measured energy or measured power-by-time for shared machines and operating hours for causally time-dependent overhead. Use mass only for genuinely mass-dependent handling. A plant-wide equal-per-machine split across dissimilar machines is not an acceptable unexplained default.
allocation_fallback	coproducts	If no physical relationship can be demonstrated, justify another relationship, state prices/time/market scope if economic allocation is used, and test sensitivity. Scrap sales do not establish a substitution credit. Record treatment/recycling burdens and any credits separately under an explicitly selected consistent recycling model.	eu-pef-methods-2021
allocation_rework	accepted_output	Attribute failed tests, rejects and rework to the accepted output of the same production cohort; reconcile the denominator and avoid counting recovered material both as avoided virgin input and as an exported credit.

The PEF citation supports only the multifunctionality allocation hierarchy and justification of allocation relationships on PDF pp. 87–88. Submetering, the specific foreground allocation drivers, and sensitivity checks prescribed here are author-defined collection and quality controls, not directly quoted PEF requirements.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	test_pack	accepted machine	weighing record	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Weigh the accepted complete machine on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each configuration and accepted unit or traceable representative batch	full declared cohort	final assembly and acceptance site	accepted net mass per machine	scale calibration; weighing ticket; delivered BOM; retained-fill record
cp_bom	fabrication; assembly	purchased components and stock	issue and receipt records	part identifier; material; supplier; incoming state; count; unit mass; issued and returned mass; configuration; installed location	Reconcile supplier specifications, weighed issues/returns and accepted BOM; verify finished-assembly contents to prevent duplication.	kg	each order and configuration change	complete accepted cohort including rework	plant and relevant supplier gates	net attributable input / accepted machines	invoices; drawings; supplier mass certificates; reconciliation
cp_energy	fabrication; assembly; test_pack	electricity	meter records	meter identifier; stage; start/end readings; time; auxiliary load; idle load; accepted output; allocation driver	Submeter each stage and auxiliaries; reconcile with plant bills. If allocation is needed, retain measured load/time evidence.	kWh	each job/test and monthly reconciliation	full declared production period including failed tests	declared site and meter boundary	attributable electricity / accepted machines	meter calibration; logs; allocation worksheet
cp_fluids	fabrication; assembly; test_pack	coolant concentrate water and oil	fluid balance	formulation; SDS; density; concentrate issue; water addition; oil fill; returns; opening/closing stock; retained fill; drain quantity	Weigh issues, retained fills and drains separately; meter make-up water. Separate recycled circulation from external additions.	kg	each fill/drain and monthly balance	complete cohort	fluid systems within the declared stages	net external fluid input / accepted machines	SDS; density record; meters; stock balance; waste manifests
cp_waste	fabrication; test_pack	metal scrap spent fluid spent wheel and used oil	waste transfer record	stream identity; composition; moisture/oil content; gross/tare mass; destination; recovered fraction; production order	Weigh segregated waste streams; reconcile recoverable oil and metal separately and identify off-site treatment.	kg	each container or consignment	complete cohort	site waste collection and treatment links	attributable waste mass / accepted machines	weighbridge slips; waste classification; treatment certificates
cp_tools	fabrication; test_pack	grinding wheel and test steel	consumable issue log	tool composition; new/returned mass; dressing loss; test-stock issues; accepted order	Weigh consumption and allocate multi-job tool wear using recorded service; test stock must be distinct from material incorporated in the machine.	kg	each tool change and test	accepted cohort including repeated tests	fabrication and acceptance cells	attributable consumable mass / accepted machines	issue returns; tool-life logs; test protocol
cp_air	fabrication; test_pack	PM10 to air	emission measurement	particle fraction; outlet; sampled concentration; gas volume; operating time; capture efficiency; test uncertainty	Measure outlet emissions or apply a documented validated mass balance with measured capture; declare compartment and avoid treating collected dust as an air release.	kg	representative operating campaign and changes	operation-weighted declared period	actual atmospheric discharge points	attributable PM10 release / accepted machines	sampling report; calibration; ventilation logs; uncertainty
cp_pack	test_pack	pallet and film	packing specification	pack identifier; material; gross/tare mass; reuse count; damaged replacements; configuration	Weigh each packaging component separately; establish documented reuse allocation and include replacement losses.	kg	each packing configuration	declared dispatch cohort	dispatch area	attributable packaging input / accepted machines	pack BOM; weighing records; reuse log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
cohort_attribution	all inventory rows	Sum the net external exchanges attributable to the same configuration and divide by its accepted machine count. Retain failed-test and rework burdens. Internal returns reduce issued amounts only once.	production order records; accepted count; cp_bom; cp_energy; cp_fluids; cp_waste; cp_tools; cp_air; cp_pack	exchange amount per one accepted finished machine
configuration_mass	finished_machine	Use the accepted net mass from cp_mass for the same complete delivered configuration; exclude transport packaging and temporary test workpieces.	cp_mass	M kg

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	complete machine	Record the exact machine family and capacity/accuracy specification. Grinding, sawing, broaching and gear-cutting machines are not interchangeable representatives.	accepted drawings; configuration BOM; acceptance results
dq_coverage	production period	Use the complete disclosed production cohort; capture procurement, rejects, rework and test cycles. Explain sampling and seasonal/utilization effects.	order reconciliation; output register
dq_completeness	inventory	Reconcile delivered net mass with incorporated components and retained fills, keeping packaging and consumed test stock separate. Investigate discrepancies against measured uncertainty, not an invented universal tolerance.	mass reconciliation; flow balance
dq_upstream	purchased inputs	Prefer supplier/site-specific data for major assemblies. Disclose substituted geography, technology, year and incoming state; quantify sensitivity of important substitutions.	supplier evidence and upstream dataset register
dq_ranges	all amounts	No external empirical range is prescribed. Collect foreground values; incompatible workpiece-machining use-phase observations cannot serve as machine-manufacturing priors.	collection protocols; documented evidence gaps
dq_translation	identity	Product title terminology is professionally translated; UUID-bearing Chinese flow displays retain the exact database Chinese name even when its terminology differs from the editorial title.	bilingual identity audit

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity	reference_product	Confirm that the delivered product falls inside the complete-machine boundary, has all required qualifiers and is not a spare part or processed workpiece.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validate_basis	all inventory rows	Verify the common per-machine denominator and the cp_mass measurement of M for the accepted configuration. Reject a mixture of one-machine inventory and one-kg reference output without explicit conversion.
validate_completeness	foreground_package	Every applicable card and each additional BOM/process exchange needs a quantity, unit, source record and upstream/treatment link. Unresolved identity may remain explicitly disclosed but must not be replaced by a proxy or treated as zero.
validate_double_counting	component_and_fluid_balances	Reconcile stock, incorporated mass, process losses, returned parts, circulating fluid and off-site residues. Do not count components already contained in purchased assemblies twice.	jrc-fabricated-metal-bemp-2020
validate_acceptance	factory_test	Retain accuracy, function and declared quality acceptance evidence; attribute repeat tests and failures. Separate customer-use energy from factory tests.
validate_allocation	shared_operations	Verify causal drivers, fractions summing to the shared total and documented hierarchy/fallback justification; report sensitivity for material unresolved choices.	eu-pef-methods-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for a complete accepted machine tool at factory gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Embodied production modelling of the declared machine configuration, or a disclosed compatible production mix
excluded_use	Direct prediction of customer machining energy, universal performance comparisons across machine families, spare-part production without changed scope, or complete cradle-to-grave claims
required_metadata	Configuration and functional qualifiers; M and measurement evidence; location/year; make/buy boundary; system boundary; allocation; upstream/treatment links; packaging and retained fills
required_quality_disclosure	Coverage and sampling; supplier proxies; unresolved UUIDs; absent range evidence; exclusions; uncertainty; sensitivity and acceptance evidence
update_trigger	Change in machine family/configuration, incoming component state, supplier technology, factory process, energy supply, acceptance procedure, material balance or significant data quality

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025; https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv ; rows 2264-2274; original verified 2026-09-21	Product identity and neighbouring exclusions only
jrc-fabricated-metal-bemp-2020	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Best Environmental Management Practice in the Fabricated Metal Products sector, EUR 30025 EN, 2020; DOI 10.2760/894966; https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC119281/jrc119281_jrc_bemp_fabricated_metal_product_manufacturing_report.pdf ; printed pp. 190 and 226; original verified 2026-09-22	Machining-fluid functions and form distinctions; separate swarf/oil recovery and waste collection. General metalworking applicability; no machine-production amount range adopted
eu-pef-methods-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, consolidated 30 December 2021; Annex I section 4.5, pp. 87-88; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A02021H2279-20211230 ; original verified 2026-09-22	Multifunctionality decision hierarchy and justified allocation; cited selectively without claiming full PEF compliance