Lathes for removing metal

1. Scope and Applicability

This candidate PCR covers factory-gate manufacture of one complete, accepted lathe intended for removing metal. It is a foreground-data rule set, not a product-specific bill of materials, performance claim, or use-phase model. Collect configuration-specific records. Exclude parts and accessories alone, other machine-tool categories, refurbished machines, installation, use and end of life.

The defining operation is turning a metal workpiece about the spindle axis against a cutting tool. Conventional and CNC lathes can use these collection rules when their principal product function remains turning; milling-centred machining centres and metalworking services are outside this identity. Record control mode, work envelope, axis configuration and supplied accessories so unlike configurations are not pooled into a nominal average.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.special-purpose-machinery.lathes-for-removing-metal
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 44213 — Lathes for removing metal
covered_products	Complete metal-removing lathes accepted for delivery from the manufacturing site
excluded_products	Parts and accessories alone; other machine-tool categories; refurbished machines; installation and use
representative_product	One complete lathe of one declared configuration
production_route	Configuration-specific machining, assembly and acceptance testing at one manufacturing site
market_state	New product at factory gate

Representative original check: the Grizzly G4003G manual (March 2022 revision) identifies cast-iron and steel components, an AC induction motor, tapered roller spindle bearings, separate dispatch packaging and lubricant specifications. This supports collection categories, not a universal BOM, alloy grade or manufacturing quantity. Its epoxy finish is counterevidence to treating polyester powder as universal. Grey-iron grade, low-alloy bar and cable formulation must be established by actual procurement records. Source: grizzly-g4003g-manual-2022.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	One complete accepted lathe for removing metal, of the declared configuration
How much	M kg net accepted mass
How well	Meets the manufacturer's declared acceptance specification
How long or cycle	One manufactured and accepted machine
reference_flow_link	finished_lathe

Field	Value
Reference amount	M
Reference product flow	Complete accepted lathe for removing metal
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	manufacturer; site; model; configuration; control mode; work envelope; axis configuration; supplied accessories; serial number or manufacturing-order identifier; accepted net mass; acceptance date

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass_measurement	reference product	Mass	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete machine of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_measurement	alternating_current	Net calorific value	MJ	Record purchased alternating-current energy from a dedicated meter or documented manufacturing-order meter in MJ.
fluid_measurement	water_soluble_metalworking_fluid_concentrate	Mass	kg	Record the concentrate quantity issued to the manufacturing order in kg; do not substitute a mixed water-and-concentrate total.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Manufacturing-order inputs enter machining, assembly and acceptance testing at the declared site.
starting_condition_role	Factory foreground inventory start.
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 44213; classification identifies the category but does not supply a bill of materials.
recursive_input_rule	Model each purchased material, component, energy input and service with an appropriate upstream dataset; do not embed upstream burdens in the foreground quantity.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Disclose each linked upstream dataset, geography, technology and version.
disclosure	State configuration, site, accepted net mass, measurement basis, material/component records and any excluded manufacturing step.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	Finished lathe	Include manufacture through acceptance at the declared site; exclude installation, use, maintenance and end of life.
boundary_recursive_inputs	Purchased inputs	Record foreground quantities separately from linked upstream datasets.
boundary_machining_fluid	Metal-removing machining	Collect the actual metalworking-fluid formulation and issue quantity where the declared route uses it.	jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020

Machine in the measurement rules means the complete lathe. Accepted net mass includes installed accessories and retained first-fill oil within the same sales configuration; it excludes pallets, outer packaging and additional uninstalled spares. Factory acceptance consumption belongs to manufacture; customer workpieces, use-phase tool consumption and operating electricity lie outside this boundary. This is an author-defined PCR boundary; CPC supports product identity only.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
manufacture_and_acceptance	Manufacture, assembly and acceptance	required		Component machining, mechanical/electrical assembly, lubrication, tests and gate release; site electricity recorded once	per one accepted finished machine
aqueous_machining	Aqueous machining-fluid route	conditional	Manufacturing machining uses a water-soluble concentrate	Fluid preparation, makeup and spent-emulsion transfer only; electricity recorded in the main process	per one accepted finished machine
powder_finishing	Polyester powder finishing	conditional	The declared actual coating route uses polyester powder	Fresh coating only; electric curing included in site electricity	per one accepted finished machine
dispatch_packaging	Corrugated dispatch protection	conditional	Dispatch uses corrugated-board protection	Dispatch board only; packaging excluded from net machine mass	per one accepted finished machine

All processes use the same order and configuration. Machine in the measurement grammar means the complete lathe defined here. Each material card applies to the actual matching grade and form in the bill of materials, not a universal recipe. On-site foundry work, welding, heat treatment, other coating routes or CNC control cabinets require added concrete atomic exchanges and separate processes at their actual material and energy boundary; they must not be silently omitted or assigned proxy flows.

Process: Manufacture, assembly and acceptance (manufacture_and_acceptance)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (alternating_current)

Purchased electrical energy crosses the manufacturing-site boundary for machining, assembly and acceptance testing. Obtain its quantity from a dedicated meter or documented manufacturing-order apportionment.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 8bfc48b1-c262-4156-a817-b2c8a1b21598
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured MJ per one accepted finished lathe; record supply geography, voltage and apportionment method.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Grey cast iron casting (grey_iron_casting)

Where the declared bill of materials uses a purchased grey-iron bed or headstock casting, weigh its as-received mass. This is a shaped casting, not pig iron, molten iron or a primary ore; identify its grade and machining allowance.

• Selected flow: Grey cast iron casting
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_bom; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Hot-rolled low-alloy steel bar (low_alloy_steel_bar)

For the declared bar-machining route, record gross stock issued for shafts and other machined parts and for factory acceptance test pieces. Identify alloy and product form, subtract documented returns and track chips separately. Do not also count stock already contained in purchased finished assemblies.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolled low-alloy steel bar
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_bom; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Alternating-current electric motor (ac_motor)

Record the actual AC motor incorporated in the declared configuration, with rated power, control technology, quantity and measured aggregate mass. Model it as a purchased assembly or resolve its constituent materials, but never both.

• Selected flow: Electric motor 014f80a3-c257-425b-9b75-3e5a18573695
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_bom; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Tapered roller bearing (tapered_roller_bearing)

Include only the separately procured tapered roller bearings used by the declared spindle or drive configuration; record part designation, quantity and total mass. Bearings embedded in a purchased spindle assembly are not added again.

• Selected flow: Tapered roller bearing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_bom; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Insulated copper electric cable (insulated_copper_cable)

Measure the purchased insulated copper cable incorporated during machine assembly, identifying conductor section and insulation material. Include its insulation in the cable mass; do not duplicate cable within a purchased control cabinet.

• Selected flow: Insulated copper electric cable
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_bom; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom
• Sources:

Mineral lubricating oil (mineral_lubricating_oil)

Measure the mineral lubricating oil used in assembly and acceptance, separating retained first fill from oil drained after testing. Document grade; volume-to-mass conversion requires the actual supplier density at the recorded temperature. A synthetic lubricant requires a separate exact flow.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_consumables; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_consumables
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Complete accepted lathe for removing metal (finished_lathe)

The reference product is the accepted, complete machine leaving the declared manufacturing site. Its mass is measured for the same configuration as the collected foreground records.

• Selected flow: Complete accepted lathe for removing metal
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: M kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Waste flows

Ferrous machining swarf (ferrous_machining_swarf)

Collect iron-based machining chips separately from non-ferrous scrap. Weigh the outgoing consignment, record alloy, moisture and entrained oil, and reconcile metal mass against stock and accepted components. No avoided-primary-metal credit is included by default.

• Selected flow: Iron metal chips 8aa263a4-39e5-475e-966b-d967747ecc9c
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_waste; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020

Elementary flows

Process: Aqueous machining-fluid route (aqueous_machining)

Inputs

Product flows

Water-soluble metalworking fluid concentrate (water_soluble_metalworking_fluid_concentrate)

This conditional machining input is included only where the declared production route issues a water-soluble concentrate to the manufacturing order. Record the concentrate rather than a generic coolant or diluted mixture.

• Selected flow: Water-soluble metalworking fluid concentrate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured kg of concentrate issued per one accepted finished lathe; identify formulation and concentration in the supporting record.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mwf
• Sources: jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020

Tap water (tap_water)

Record the metered tap water used to dilute the metalworking-fluid concentrate and make up the machining circuit, excluding recirculated water counted within the same process. Do not assign this product flow to direct surface-water or groundwater abstraction.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_aqueous; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aqueous
• Sources: jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Spent aqueous metalworking emulsion (spent_machining_emulsion)

Weigh the spent water-based machining emulsion transferred to a licensed treatment operator; retain waste composition and destination. This is a waste-mixture transfer, not an elementary emission to water. Separately quantify recovered oil and any actual treated discharge to avoid double counting.

• Selected flow: Spent aqueous metalworking emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_waste; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020

Elementary flows

Process: Polyester powder finishing (powder_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Polyester powder coating (polyester_powder_coating)

For a documented polyester-powder finishing route, weigh fresh powder consumed, subtract unopened returns, and reconcile retained coating, unrecovered overspray and internal recovery. Solvent-borne paint is a different route requiring its own named formulation and substance-specific emissions.

• Selected flow: Polyester powder coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_coating; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Corrugated dispatch protection (dispatch_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Corrugated cardboard (corrugated_board)

Where dispatch uses corrugated-board protection, measure the board mass per shipped machine separately from net machine mass. Pallets, plastic film and steel strapping, where used, require separate material rows; packaging is not assumed absent when this board row is inapplicable.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard 8bde297e-98df-463f-bcb4-0db52bf6e0b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect actual exchange mass per one accepted finished machine using cp_packaging; no default quantity applies.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision	Shared manufacturing operations	Avoid allocation by subdividing records to the manufacturing order where technically feasible.
allocation_physical_driver	Unavoidable shared electricity or fluid use	Where subdivision is not feasible, allocate using a documented physical metered driver and disclose the driver and period.
allocation_production_cohort	Failed tests, rework and final rejects	Retain their input, energy and waste burdens in the same configuration's production-cohort numerator; normalize only by accepted finished-lathe count. Reconcile opening and closing work in progress and actual returns. Do not double-credit internally recovered or returned material.
allocation_recovery	Metal swarf and recovered fluids	Treat outgoing wastes without an avoided-primary-production credit by default; disclose actual treatment destinations and recovery state. A proposed marketable co-product requires demonstrated product identity, auditable allocation and a separately reported sensitivity result.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	manufacture_and_acceptance	finished_lathe	acceptance record and scale record	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M; acceptance date	Weigh the accepted complete machine on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each machine	acceptance date	declared manufacturing site	accepted net mass per machine	scale calibration and acceptance record
cp_energy	manufacture_and_acceptance	alternating_current	electricity meter or manufacturing-order ledger	meter identifier; reading or kWh; conversion; order identifier; apportionment method; cohort configuration; accepted count; linked failed-test, rework and final-reject event identifiers	Read the dedicated meter or reconcile a documented order-level apportionment, retaining linked failed-test, rework and final-reject electricity in the same production cohort.	MJ	each machine or reporting period	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	meter record and apportionment worksheet
cp_mwf	aqueous_machining	water_soluble_metalworking_fluid_concentrate	material issue record	formulation; concentration; issued mass; order identifier	Reconcile concentrate issue records to the manufacturing order; include only where the route uses the concentrate.	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	issue record and formulation record
cp_bom	manufacture_and_acceptance	Individual materials and purchased components	receiving, issue-return ledger and BOM	order; configuration; part id; grade; form; count; measured unit mass; issues; returns; opening and closing work in progress; accepted count; linked failed-test, rework and final-reject event identifiers	Weigh each issued input and reconcile to the order BOM and linked test/rework/reject records; never duplicate a purchased assembly and its constituents	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	weighing record, calibration and order reconciliation
cp_consumables	manufacture_and_acceptance	mineral_lubricating_oil	lubricant ledger	grade; order; issues; returns; retained fill; drained oil; density and temperature	Weigh actual lubricant issued and separately reconcile retained first fill and drained waste oil	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	weighing record, calibration and order reconciliation
cp_aqueous	aqueous_machining	tap_water	water meter and mixing log	source; meter readings; order; concentrate mass; makeup water	Use submetering and actual density for recorded volumes; do not count internal recirculation twice	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	weighing record, calibration and order reconciliation
cp_waste	manufacture_and_acceptance; aqueous_machining	Each waste separately	waste weigh ticket and transfer manifest	waste identity; source process; gross; tare; water content; entrained oil; batch; destination	Weigh each outgoing waste; apportion batch amounts using measured order-specific generation, not as elementary emissions	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	weighing record, calibration and order reconciliation
cp_coating	powder_finishing	polyester_powder_coating	coating issue and recovery ledger	formulation; SDS; order; fresh powder; returns; retained coating; recovered and waste powder	Reconcile fresh powder to retained coating, recovery and loss; count internal recycling once	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	weighing record, calibration and order reconciliation
cp_packaging	dispatch_packaging	corrugated_board	packaging BOM	order; dispatch count; net board mass; returns	Weigh board used for each dispatched machine and reconcile shipment records	kg	each machine or batch	declared reporting period	declared manufacturing site	per one accepted finished machine	weighing record, calibration and order reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
reconcile_machine_order	Collected foreground exchanges	Reconcile records to one accepted lathe of the same configuration; document any physical-driver allocation.	cp_mass; cp_energy; cp_mwf	Complete per-machine foreground inventory
calculate_production_cohort	Configuration-specific production cohort	Retain failed-test, rework and final-reject inputs, energy and wastes in each exchange's cohort numerator, reconciled for opening/closing work in progress and actual returns; divide only by the accepted finished-lathe count. Track internal recovery and returns once without an additional avoided-input credit. A cohort with no accepted lathe cannot yield a per-accepted-machine result.	cp_bom; cp_energy; cp_waste; acceptance and test/rework/reject records	per one accepted finished machine

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_configuration	Finished lathe and inputs	Keep model, configuration and acceptance record consistent across all records.	manufacturing order and acceptance record
dq_atomic_inputs	Manufacturing inputs	Add one atomic row for each actual purchased material, component, energy carrier, waste and elementary exchange; do not use umbrella categories.	bill of materials, issue records and waste manifests
dq_mwf_route	Conditional fluid input	State whether machining uses the water-soluble concentrate and retain the formulation record where it does.	route sheet and formulation record
dq_bom_closure	All materials, assemblies and finished product	Reconcile the order BOM, opening and closing work in progress, issues, returns, rejects and acceptance count. Reconcile retained component mass to net machine mass, with packaging and process fluids accounted separately. Record discrepancies, calibration and uncertainty; never alter observations merely to close a balance.	order-level material balance and discrepancy statement
dq_route_completeness	Actual manufacturing route	Confirm applicability of foundry work, welding, heat treatment, cleaning, coating, CNC assembly and packaging. Add concrete rows and collection protocols for every actual input, waste and substance-specific release not already listed. Unsupported missing data do not equal zero.	route sheet, BOM, SDS, emission measurement and waste manifests
dq_shared_energy	Shared electricity	Record order-attributable machining, pump, on-site compressed-air generation, electric curing, assembly and test electricity once in the main process. Avoid duplication with internal utility processes; purchased compressed air requires a separate physical exchange instead.	meter boundary diagram and allocation worksheet
dq_external_ranges	Quantity ranges	No empirical quantity range verified in two independent, boundary-compatible original sources is established here. Collect foreground data; a single example machine, nameplate power, regulatory limit or scenario extremum is not an industry range.	collection records and unresolved range-evidence need

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_mass	finished_lathe	Verify that M is the accepted net mass in kg for the same declared configuration and excludes transport packaging.
validation_atomic_exchange	All inventory cards	Verify every card is one concrete exchange with one property and unit; reject umbrella flows and unrecorded route choices.
validation_conditional_route	water_soluble_metalworking_fluid_concentrate	Verify the row is present only when the declared route uses the concentrate and the issue record identifies its formulation.	jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Configuration-specific factory-gate foreground data package
downstream_use	Link upstream datasets to create process or lifecycle-model projections
allowed_use	Manufacturing inventory modelling; comparisons additionally require demonstrated equivalence of machining service, accuracy, capacity and lifetime, not machine mass alone
excluded_use	Product performance, use-phase, installation or end-of-life claims
required_metadata	Required qualifiers; measurement records; upstream dataset identities; allocation method
required_quality_disclosure	Site, reporting period, configuration, data collection method and conditional-route status
update_trigger	Changed configuration, manufacturing route, site, metering method or acceptance-mass method

11. Data Sources

source_id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	Product category identity and exclusions; not evidence for a manufacturing boundary or quantitative range.
jrc-bemp-fabricated-metal-products-2020	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Environmental Management Practice in the Fabricated Metal Products sector, EUR 30025 EN, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2760/894966	Printed pp. 190 and 226 (PDF pp. 192 and 228): metalworking-fluid forms and segregation of machining residues; qualitative process guidance, not a lathe manufacturing dataset or quantity range.
grizzly-g4003g-manual-2022	handbook	Grizzly Industrial, Model G4003G Owner's Manual, revised March 2022, for models manufactured since March 2020; public PDF snapshot retrieved 2026-09-22. https://cdn2.grizzly.com/manuals/g4003g_m.pdf	Original PDF pp. 8–10 (printed pp. 6–8) only: qualitative configuration and material evidence and coating counterexample; no model value is adopted as reference mass, manufacturing quantity or range.