Manufacture of metallurgical converters, ladles, ingot moulds, casting machines and metal-rolling mills

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published versionLast updated2026-10-05
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:44310 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/metal-products-machinery-and-equipment/special-purpose-machinery/converters-ladles-ingot-moulds-and-casting-machines-of-a-kind-used-in-metallurgy-or-in-dd96c907sha256:c913bef1068d…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR creates foreground manufacture data for converters, ladles, ingot moulds, casting machines and metal-rolling mills as five separately qualified equipment families. It does not pool them into a representative casting-machine average. Reference per kg is a declared production basis, not equivalent operating performance across families. Each dataset represents one accepted model/configuration and actual supplied gate scope.

Separate manufacture of the equipment from later converter refining, molten-metal transfer/casting and rolling production. Customer charge metal, blow gases, production fuel/water, recurrent liner/roll replacement and civil installation do not become factory inputs. Actual manufacturer loaded tests, initial liner dryout, retained fill or supplied auxiliary manufacture are included only when documented in the contract and factory records. Standalone spare rolls and dedicated parts require their own category review; an incorporated component is not the reference product.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.special-purpose-machinery.converters-ladles-ingot-moulds-and-casting-machines-of-a-kind-used-in-metallurgy-or-in-dd96c907
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:44310
covered_products	Metallurgical converters including BOF/AOD/nonferrous declared technology; foundry/metallurgical ladles; metal ingot moulds; declared casting-machine architecture; hot/cold metal-rolling mills
excluded_products	Separately supplied parts/spare rolls; stand-alone refractory material; customer metal-production output; rebuilding service; infrastructure and general-purpose machine tools
representative_product	One actual family/model/configuration at declared supplied state; no category-wide average machine
production_route	Contract-specific make/buy paths: plate fabrication, cast/forged component manufacture, machining, conditional lining/coating, assembly and actual factory test
market_state	Accepted net configured equipment at manufacturer gate, including bare vessel or documented modular delivery; supplied liner/drive/ancillaries explicitly qualified

Apply this family-specific make/buy matrix to the actual BOM; each cell is conditional, not a mandatory recipe.

Family	Supplied architecture	Actual route and supplier boundary
Converter	Vessel, trunnion/support/suspension, tilt drive; liner/tuyere/damper/control only when supplied	Fabricated shell plus cast/forged/machined supports; own route or purchased completed assemblies; BOF/AOD/nonferrous technology separated. primetals-converter; primetals-converter-manufacture
Ladle	Bare shell or supplied precast/drop-in/cast-in-place liner, lid, insulation and handling/tilt mechanism	Shell fabricate or buy; purchased liner versus mixing/place/cure/dryout on site for each actual layer. Do not derive proprietary RFM recipe. pyrotek-ladle
Ingot mould	Specified cast-iron steel-ingot mould OR mild-steel nonferrous mould; handles/base only supplied	Actual foundry route or purchased casting; mild-steel route separate, actual forming/weld records required. Historical steel-ingot example does not override MIFCO aluminium/brass scope. ingot-design; mifco-mould
Casting machine	Declared caster type; mould/copper, frame, roll/segment/withdrawal, hydraulic/electric/control and cooling hardware only actual supplied	Body/part fabrication and machining; supplied new coated copper or own verified plating/HVOF; supplier completed treatment once. Other casting technologies require actual architecture/recipe, not forced continuous-caster scope. primetals-copper
Metal-rolling mill	Single/multi-piece stand housing, work/backup roll, bearing/chock, spindle/drive and gap-control; line ancillaries only supplied	Actual cast/forged/fabricated parts or buy completed parts, heat-treatment/machine and assemble; hot/cold/flat/long configuration separately qualified. primetals-mill

Casting machines also include hot- and cold-chamber die-casting configurations. Qualify hot-chamber supplied furnace/casting-system interfaces separately from cold-chamber three-platen clamping, hydraulic and control interfaces; other gravity/low-pressure/centrifugal or nonferrous continuous-casting architectures require actual drawings and the same manufacture-route review. All are equipment-component manufacture: customer molten metal, injection cycles and furnace operation are not default factory exchanges. Metal-rolling mills retain steel and nonferrous, hot/cold routes; user rolled-metal grade does not establish equipment housing grade. frech-hot; frech-cold.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture and deliver one declared configured equipment family meeting the actual purchase drawing and acceptance specification
How much	1 kg accepted net equipment, normalized from actual same-configuration accepted production
How well	Declared capacity, alloy duty, geometry, drive/control, supplied liner/fill and signed factory acceptance; no cross-family performance equivalence
How long or cycle	Manufacturer-gate production period; no operating lifetime or tonnes of user-produced metal prescribed
reference_flow_link	finished

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Accepted configured metallurgical equipment
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	family and technology (BOF/AOD/nonferrous converter; ladle alloy duty; ingot mould metal duty; caster type; hot/cold rolling mill); model/drawing; capacity and geometry; alloy/grade certificates; bare vessel versus supplied liner and insulation; support/drive/roll/copper/hydraulic/electric/automation configuration; supplied auxiliary list; make/buy matrix and upstream completed operations; initial retained fill; acceptance tests; net mass and module reconciliation; site, period, geography and supplier interfaces

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete machine of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
normalize_basis	all inventory rows	Row-specific property preserved	per 1 kg reference flow	Apply normalize_mass to each attributable per-machine exchange; numerator units remain kg, m3, kWh or MJ as declared.
physical_species	physical material, chemical, waste and elementary species records	Own gross mass and matched contained-species assay	kg	For each contained element/species independently (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, W and actual refractory carbon/alumina as applicable): sum external input mass times its own matched assay + opening species stock + actual reaction generation = accepted equipment/components times their own assay + external scrap/chips/slag/dust/sludge/wastewater/releases times each term's own assay + closing species stock + actual reaction consumption. Retain wet/dry and dissolved/particulate bases; paired internal runners, chips, plating returns and rework cancel without removing reprocessing burden. Gross alloy, hydrated salt, oxide scale and wet sludge never equal contained metal. At elemental level reactions change chemical form, not create/destroy the element; retain species stoichiometry only when verified. Review closure with combined weighing, sampling, assay, detection-limit and allocation uncertainty, not forced yield or clipping.
water_basis	physical water, moisture and water-stock records	Volume and measured mass conversion	m3; kg	For actual physical water terms: fresh purchased/abstracted makeup + input moisture + opening water stock + reaction-produced water = exported liquid water + water in exported wet waste/sludge + treated discharge + evaporation + retained equipment moisture + closing stock + reaction-consumed water. Measure each loop and test drain separately. Every wet/slurry/sludge/wastewater/product/stock term uses its own measured moisture or density, temperature where relevant and stated wet/dry basis; no shared moisture assumption across terms. Paired internal recirculation/return transfers cancel at factory boundary but pumping and treatment remain; never treat total recirculating flow as withdrawal. Investigate residual against combined flowmeter, scale, moisture-sampling, evaporation-estimation and allocation uncertainty; no universal tolerance.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Actual purchased plate, stock, casting, forging, shell, coated copper, liner or assembly at its delivered completed-processing state
starting_condition_role	foreground_start
product_classification_scope	Full reviewed five-family scope, one family/configuration per dataset; classification code is not production recipe
recursive_input_rule	Purchased same-category equipment/module carries upstream manufacture once; model only remaining transformation/assembly, not recursively repeat its embedded material/utility inventory
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match actual grade, coating/lining/fill, completed operations, physical state, provider geography/technology and delivered interface; unsupported proxy remains disclosed gap
disclosure	BOM make/buy matrix, supplier burden scope, factory boundary and supplied auxiliary list; one count per actual component/path

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
factory_gate	all processes	Include actual upstream inputs and manufacturer operations, rejected/reworked production burdens, actual acceptance and gate packaging; exclude customer metal production and infrastructure unless separately declared scenario.	primetals-converter-manufacture
make_buy_once	purchased components	Supplier completed casting/forging/plating/motor/liner manufacture is upstream once; do not count both incorporated bought assembly and its embedded metal, oil or factory energy. Retain local remaining operations and external transport at actual mode/mass/distance.
actual_route	conditional routes	BOM, route sheet and contract decide applicability; not applicable differs from measured zero and unknown. Record factory test loads and any supplied retained refractory/fluid only actually provided; no user molten-feed default.	pyrotek-ladle; primetals-copper

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receipt	Receipt and configuration tracing	required	Identify one supplied family, order scope and component make/buy state.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
body_fabrication	Vessel shell and fabricated frame manufacture	conditional	Cut/form plate and weld converter/ladle shells or fabricated mould/frame when made here; purchased shells bypass only completed supplier operations. Record weld procedure, gas, wire and NDT.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
foundry	Equipment casting and finishing	conditional	Only on-site cast ingot mould or housing/roll: actual furnace charge, alloy treatment, mould/core making, pouring, cooling, shakeout, removal of runners and finishing. This makes equipment, not the customer ingot.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
forge_heat	Forging and heat treatment	conditional	Actual on-site forging of shaft/roll/trunnion and specified stress relief, anneal, quench/temper; purchased forgings link supplier heat-treatment state and only remaining work.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
machining	Machining and dimensional finishing	conditional	Actual drilling/boring/turning/milling/grinding of bodies, roll journals, bearing seats or copper mould; trace each alloy and fluid separately.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
lining	Initial refractory and insulation installation	conditional	Only retained initial lining/insulation supplied by manufacturer: install actual purchased brick/precast/drop-in liner OR actual castable, mix/place/cure/dry it here. Bare vessel remains valid; customer relining/preheating excluded.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
surface	Conditional protective coating and copper treatment	conditional	Actual blast/clean/paint/cure; new caster copper may have a specified electrolytic Ni/NiB/Cr route or HVOF hard coating. Purchased coated copper embeds supplier plating once; no default all-coatings recipe.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
assembly	Configured assembly and factory acceptance	required	Assemble supplied shell/support/tilt system, ladle handling, mould, caster modules or mill stands/drives to actual contract; inspect alignment/NDT and perform actual dry or loaded factory tests. Declare test-fluid drain/retention.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
services	Residual shared utilities and pollution control	required	Only unassigned residual site loads after fabrication, machining, lining, coating, assembly and dispatch meters. Treat water and actual emission/waste controls; never add whole-factory electricity again.	foreground	1 kg reference flow
dispatch	Gate packaging and dispatch	required	Protect and package accepted configured equipment. Supply as shipped modules may form one documented accepted set; reconcile all serials and masses.	foreground	1 kg reference flow

Cards identify conditional atomic exchanges, not a universal BOM/recipe. Only use a named grade/formulation if it matches actual evidence. Add each other actual alloy, refractory layer/binder, mould/core resin/catalyst, plating salt/additive (including actual NiB or chromium chemistry), cleaning chemical, fuel, gas, transport service, component, waste and species/compartment as its own card before claiming dataset completeness. Different suppliers/states require separate interfaces. Do not narrow family scope because these identities or recipes remain unresolved.

Process: Receipt and configuration tracing (`receipt`)

Inputs

Product flows

S355JR hot-rolled steel plate (`plate`)

Specific plate example only when certified S355JR is actually used; converter high-temperature plate or other specified grade requires its own atomic card and certificate, not this substitution. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: S355JR hot-rolled steel plate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased unlined fabricated steel ladle shell (`purchased_ladle_shell`)

Only externally manufactured unlined shell at delivered drawing/specification; shell steel and supplier fabrication burden included upstream, not re-added here. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased unlined fabricated steel ladle shell
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased unlined steel converter vessel (`purchased_converter_vessel`)

Declare BOF/AOD/nonferrous converter technology, shell grade, supports and supplied liner state; purchased shell boundary includes already completed manufacture. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased unlined steel converter vessel
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased cast-iron ingot mould (`purchased_cast_mould`)

Actual specified cast-iron mould; supplier alloy/furnace/casting/finishing evidence. Does not imply mild-steel nonferrous moulds follow this route. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased cast-iron ingot mould
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased forged alloy-steel work roll (`purchased_roll`)

Only incorporated actual forged work roll at declared alloy, hardness and heat-treatment state; cast roll needs separate card; standalone spare roll excluded. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased forged alloy-steel work roll
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased cast-steel rolling-mill housing (`purchased_housing`)

Actual supplied cast-steel housing; fabricated or multi-piece housing is a separate declared make/buy path. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased cast-steel rolling-mill housing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased nickel-plated copper-alloy caster mould plate (`purchased_copper`)

Only actual new mould plate with matched copper alloy and nickel coating; supplier machining/plating embedded once. Bare copper or NiB/chrome/HVOF coating has its own card and provider. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased nickel-plated copper-alloy caster mould plate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`receipt_electricity`)

Measured supply at actual voltage/grid region/year; exclude source-specific generation or delivery-service proxies. Services row is only unassigned residual after the other process meters. Calibrated interval submeter and causal allocation; reconcile all rows to the same site-period imports, generation, exports and storage changes.

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_receipt.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_receipt
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Vessel shell and fabricated frame manufacture (`body_fabrication`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`body_fabrication_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body_fabrication.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_body_fabrication
Sources:

ER70S-6 carbon-steel welding wire (`weld_wire`)

Only actual qualified ER70S-6 procedure; other alloy wire/electrode/flux separate. Measure consumed wire and stubs, do not infer from weld length alone. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: ER70S-6 carbon-steel welding wire
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body_fabrication.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_body_fabrication
Sources:

Argon welding shielding gas (`argon`)

Only when this exact exchange crosses the process boundary for the declared route; actual grade/specification, supplier interface and absence evidence are required. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Argon welding shielding gas
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body_fabrication.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_body_fabrication
Sources:

Carbon dioxide welding shielding gas (`shield_co2`)

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide welding shielding gas
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body_fabrication.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_body_fabrication
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Segregated carbon-steel fabrication offcut (`steel_scrap`)

Selected flow: Segregated carbon-steel fabrication offcut
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body_fabrication.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_body_fabrication
Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Equipment casting and finishing (`foundry`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`foundry_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources:

Foundry pig iron charge (`pigiron`)

Selected flow: Foundry pig iron charge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Grade-segregated carbon-steel foundry scrap charge (`scrap_charge`)

Selected flow: Grade-segregated carbon-steel foundry scrap charge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Ferrosilicon alloy addition (`ferrosilicon`)

Only actual foundry chemistry; measured grade/Si assay, not a prescribed recipe. Internal runners are paired transfers, not newly purchased scrap. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Ferrosilicon alloy addition
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Silica moulding sand (`silica_sand`)

Selected flow: Silica moulding sand
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Bentonite sand binder (`bentonite`)

Only actual green-sand route; resin-bonded sand requires separately specified binder and curing agent, not substitution. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Bentonite sand binder
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Foundry coke for cupola combustion (`coke`)

Only actual cupola; induction electricity does not imply coke. Measure coke grade/carbon/ash and actual furnace exhaust species. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Foundry coke for cupola combustion
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Natural gas for factory combustion (`foundry_natural_gas`)

Only actual furnace/dryer/HVOF burner fuel at factory, with measured composition and calorific value; other fuel own row. Customer converter blow gases and ladle preheat excluded. Meter actual gas at documented pressure/temperature, convert with measured net calorific value; retain operating period and stock where applicable.

Selected flow: Natural gas for factory combustion
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Iron-foundry slag (`slag`)

Selected flow: Iron-foundry slag
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Spent silica foundry sand (`spent_sand`)

Selected flow: Spent silica foundry sand
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources: jrc-foundry-2024

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`foundry_fossil_co2`)

Only when this exact exchange crosses the process boundary for the declared route; actual grade/specification, supplier interface and absence evidence are required. Measure this named species using matched gas flow/concentration/time after controls; fossil CO2 may use a verified carbon/oxidation balance. Carbon balance alone cannot determine CO or NO2; NO reported separately from NO2 and NOx-as-NO2 equivalents.

Selected flow: Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources:

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`foundry_co`)

Selected flow: Carbon monoxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources:

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`foundry_no2`)

Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_foundry.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_foundry
Sources:

Process: Forging and heat treatment (`forge_heat`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`forge_heat_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

42CrMo4 steel forging stock (`forging_stock`)

Only actual specified 42CrMo4 shaft/trunnion path; alternative steel or cast component separate. Record upstream melt/stock state, furnace cycles and retained hardness requirement. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: 42CrMo4 steel forging stock
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Mineral-oil heat-treatment quench fluid (`quench_oil`)

Selected flow: Mineral-oil heat-treatment quench fluid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Natural gas for factory combustion (`forge_heat_natural_gas`)

Selected flow: Natural gas for factory combustion
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Iron-oxide forging scale (`scale`)

Selected flow: Iron-oxide forging scale
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`forge_heat_fossil_co2`)

Selected flow: Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`forge_heat_co`)

Selected flow: Carbon monoxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`forge_heat_no2`)

Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forge_heat.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_forge_heat
Sources:

Process: Machining and dimensional finishing (`machining`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`machining_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources:

CuCrZr copper-alloy caster mould blank (`copper_blank`)

Only actual certified CuCrZr machined on site; another alloy gets separate card. A purchased finished coated plate bypasses this incorporated blank. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: CuCrZr copper-alloy caster mould blank
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources: primetals-copper

Mineral-oil straight cutting fluid (`straight_oil`)

Selected flow: Mineral-oil straight cutting fluid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources: jrc-metalworking-2020

Water-emulsifiable mineral-oil cutting-fluid concentrate (`emulsion_concentrate`)

Only actual supplier formulation, distinct from dilution water and straight oil; record SDS/specification and retained fluid fractions. Synthetic route gets its own identity. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Water-emulsifiable mineral-oil cutting-fluid concentrate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources: jrc-metalworking-2020

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Segregated alloy-steel machining chips (`steel_chips`)

Selected flow: Segregated alloy-steel machining chips
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources:

Segregated CuCrZr machining chips (`copper_chips`)

Selected flow: Segregated CuCrZr machining chips
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources:

Spent mineral-oil cutting emulsion (`spent_emulsion`)

Selected flow: Spent mineral-oil cutting emulsion
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_machining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_machining
Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Initial refractory and insulation installation (`lining`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`lining_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Alumina-based refractory castable (`alumina_castable`)

Only actual alumina castable order formulation for supplied lining; not universal converter/ladle chemistry. Trace dry recipe, water addition, cure losses and retained mass. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Alumina-based refractory castable
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources: pyrotek-ladle

Magnesia-carbon refractory brick (`magcarbon_brick`)

Only actual specified converter/steel-ladle lining installed in supplied equipment; document brick grade, binder and retained carbon. No default replacement campaign. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Magnesia-carbon refractory brick
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Purchased precast alumina refractory ladle liner (`precast_liner`)

Actual supplied precast liner alternative to on-site castable for the same lining layer; supplier drying burden embedded once. Backup layer separately specified if supplied. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased precast alumina refractory ladle liner
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources: pyrotek-ladle

Natural gas for factory combustion (`lining_natural_gas`)

Selected flow: Natural gas for factory combustion
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Uninstalled alumina-castable residue (`refractory_waste`)

Selected flow: Uninstalled alumina-castable residue
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`lining_fossil_co2`)

Selected flow: Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`lining_co`)

Selected flow: Carbon monoxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`lining_no2`)

Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_lining.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lining
Sources:

Process: Conditional protective coating and copper treatment (`surface`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`surface_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Steel grit blast abrasive (`steel_grit`)

Selected flow: Steel grit blast abrasive
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Epoxy coating resin (`epoxy`)

Selected flow: Epoxy coating resin
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Amine coating hardener (`amine`)

Actual single supplied hardener formulation identified by SDS; other curing agents own card, no mixture recipe assumed. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Amine coating hardener
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Xylene coating solvent (`xylene`)

Selected flow: Xylene coating solvent
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Nickel sulfamate plating salt (`nickel_sulfamate`)

Only actual in-house new caster-copper nickel-sulfamate bath; salt hydration/assay and all actual separate bath chemicals measured. Supplier-plated copper bypasses bath feed. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Nickel sulfamate plating salt
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources: primetals-copper

Nickel plating anode (`nickel_anode`)

Selected flow: Nickel plating anode
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources: primetals-copper

Tungsten-carbide HVOF coating powder (`wc_powder`)

Only actual specified carbide powder with measured binder alloy; NiB electroplating and chrome plating are distinct alternative actual recipes, not inferred from this powder. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Tungsten-carbide HVOF coating powder
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources: primetals-copper

Oxygen for HVOF or thermal cutting (`oxygen`)

Selected flow: Oxygen for HVOF or thermal cutting
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Natural gas for factory combustion (`surface_natural_gas`)

Selected flow: Natural gas for factory combustion
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Waste uncured epoxy coating (`waste_epoxy`)

Selected flow: Waste uncured epoxy coating
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Spent nickel-sulfamate plating bath (`spent_bath`)

Selected flow: Spent nickel-sulfamate plating bath
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources: primetals-copper

Elementary flows

Xylene emitted to air (`xylene_air`)

Only when this exact exchange crosses the process boundary for the declared route; actual grade/specification, supplier interface and absence evidence are required. Species-specific input assay and stock/recovery/retention/control balance reconciled with stack/fugitive measurements, after actual controls; no generic VOC factor.

Selected flow: Xylene emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`surface_fossil_co2`)

Selected flow: Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`surface_co`)

Selected flow: Carbon monoxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`surface_no2`)

Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_surface.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_surface
Sources:

Process: Configured assembly and factory acceptance (`assembly`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`assembly_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Purchased cold-chamber die-casting three-platen clamping unit (`die_clamp`)

Only the specified assembly actually supplied and incorporated; record specification, supplier-completed processing and embedded initial fill. Expand an internally made mechanism through actual cast/forged/fabricated, machining and assembly routes. Supplied furnace hardware includes only retained body/liner/control, not default user operating fuel or molten metal.

Selected flow: Purchased cold-chamber die-casting three-platen clamping unit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources: frech-cold

Purchased die-casting hydraulic control manifold (`die_control`)

Selected flow: Purchased die-casting hydraulic control manifold
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources: frech-cold

Purchased hot-chamber die-casting holding furnace (`hot_furnace`)

Selected flow: Purchased hot-chamber die-casting holding furnace
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources: frech-hot

Purchased AC induction motor (`motor`)

Only installed or retained in actual supplied configuration; specification/rating and delivered state required. Purchased assembly embeds its materials and supplier tests; do not add embedded motor copper/steel/oil again. Test-only drained fluid is separate. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased AC induction motor
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Purchased converter reduction-gear tilt drive (`tilt_drive`)

Selected flow: Purchased converter reduction-gear tilt drive
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Purchased hydraulic pump (`pump`)

Selected flow: Purchased hydraulic pump
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Purchased rolling-mill backup-roll bearing (`bearing`)

Selected flow: Purchased rolling-mill backup-roll bearing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Purchased caster control cabinet (`control`)

Selected flow: Purchased caster control cabinet
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

ISO VG46 hydraulic-oil initial fill (`hydraulic_oil`)

Selected flow: ISO VG46 hydraulic-oil initial fill
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

ISO VG220 gear-oil initial fill (`gear_oil`)

Selected flow: ISO VG220 gear-oil initial fill
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Lithium-soap lubricating grease (`grease`)

Selected flow: Lithium-soap lubricating grease
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Purchased water for factory pressure test (`test_water`)

Only actual manufacturer pressure/leak test; declare makeup, internal reuse, drains and retained volume. No continuous caster use-phase cooling assumed. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Purchased water for factory pressure test
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources: primetals-copper

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Drained mineral hydraulic test oil (`drained_test_oil`)

Selected flow: Drained mineral hydraulic test oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_assembly
Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Residual shared utilities and pollution control (`services`)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`services_electricity`)

Selected flow: Purchased electricity delivered to factory
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Purchased industrial process makeup water (`process_water`)

Only when this exact exchange crosses the process boundary for the declared route; actual grade/specification, supplier interface and absence evidence are required. Calibrated makeup meters by actual loop; subtract already assigned test/lining/machining/surface water from shared imports before residual allocation; moisture and liquid stocks reconciled.

Selected flow: Purchased industrial process makeup water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Calcium hydroxide wastewater neutralizer (`lime`)

Selected flow: Calcium hydroxide wastewater neutralizer
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Nickel-bearing wastewater-treatment sludge (`sludge`)

Only actual nickel-bearing treatment waste; wet mass, dry solids and own nickel assay required, not bath salt mass or iron assay. Other sludge species have separate cards. Weigh issues/receipts, matched returns and opening/closing stocks; trace lot, specification and actual process destination.

Selected flow: Nickel-bearing wastewater-treatment sludge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Industrial wastewater transferred to external treatment (`wastewater`)

Selected flow: Industrial wastewater transferred to external treatment
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Elementary flows

Treated water discharged to river (`river_water`)

Selected flow: Treated water discharged to river
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Dissolved nickel discharged to river (`nickel_water`)

Only when this exact exchange crosses the process boundary for the declared route; actual grade/specification, supplier interface and absence evidence are required. Matched post-treatment effluent volume and nickel concentration, compartment/detection limit/speciation retained; do not equate wet sludge or total wastewater with nickel.

Selected flow: Dissolved nickel discharged to river
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_services.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_services
Sources:

Raw downloads

These files are byte-identical to the canonical files for this revision in the repository.

pcr.en-US.md120 KB · c913bef1068d…
manifest.yaml3.4 KB · 694c857d0835…
pcr.zh-CN.md106 KB · feb6260ef5f9…
structured.yaml150 KB · 7533a3ae8455…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 3

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`factory_gate`	all processes	Include actual upstream inputs and manufacturer operations, rejected/reworked production burdens, actual acceptance and gate packaging; exclude customer metal production and infrastructure unless separately declared scenario.	primetals-converter-manufacture
`make_buy_once`	purchased components	Supplier completed casting/forging/plating/motor/liner manufacture is upstream once; do not count both incorporated bought assembly and its embedded metal, oil or factory energy. Retain local remaining operations and external transport at actual mode/mass/distance.
`actual_route`	conditional routes	BOM, route sheet and contract decide applicability; not applicable differs from measured zero and unknown. Record factory test loads and any supplied retained refractory/fluid only actually provided; no user molten-feed default.	pyrotek-ladle, primetals-copper

Allocation rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`subdivide`	shared processes	First trace order/serial/lot and subdivide material issues and process meters.	ef-allocation-2021
`causal_residual`	unassigned shared burdens	Allocate only remaining burden using measured causal machine-time/load, weld-time, treated area or furnace load as appropriate. Document denominator and uncertainty; do not default all utilities to equipment mass. Other relationship needs justified sensitivity.	ef-allocation-2021
`scrap_returns`	scrap and internal returns	Pair and cancel internal transfers at aggregate boundary; retain rework energy and losses. External scrap/recovered solvent remains named output with actual receiving route; no automatic avoided-primary-material credit.
`services_once`	utilities	Reconcile site-period purchased imports + actual on-site generation + opening energy storage = assigned fabrication/foundry/heat/machining/lining/surface/assembly/dispatch use + remaining shared-services use + exports + closing storage + documented distribution losses. Services carries only the measured unassigned residual and measured causal allocation; same intervals/units, no whole-site total added to submeters. Investigate negative residual against timing, units and meter/allocation uncertainty; do not clip it to zero. Purchased steam/heat, individual fuels and generation inputs require separate actual cards if present, not duplicate purchased electricity and generation output.

Validation rules · 6

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule
`reference_scope`	reference product	Confirm measured M and accepted mass/count, supplied modules, lining/fill and test denominator match one configuration; no packaging/reject or user molten-metal mass.
`route_completeness`	all inventory rows	Validate family architecture, grade and each conditional make/buy route; unsupported recipe/UUID remains a gap, not exclusion or a positive zero. Reject combined exchanges and duplicate embedded burdens.
`balance_validation`	physical balances	Require own matched assays and unit/basis, water/solvent stocks and actual reactions, paired internal transfers, measured external residues/releases. Investigate residual under combined actual uncertainty and disclose unresolved closure.
`utility_validation`	utility rows	Reconcile site-period purchased imports + actual on-site generation + opening energy storage = assigned fabrication/foundry/heat/machining/lining/surface/assembly/dispatch use + remaining shared-services use + exports + closing storage + documented distribution losses. Services carries only the measured unassigned residual and measured causal allocation; same intervals/units, no whole-site total added to submeters. Investigate negative residual against timing, units and meter/allocation uncertainty; do not clip it to zero. Purchased steam/heat, individual fuels and generation inputs require separate actual cards if present, not duplicate purchased electricity and generation output.
`emission_validation`	elementary releases	Verify named species, physical state, destination compartment and after-control measurements. No CO/NOx from fuel carbon alone, no Ni from total sludge, no automatic VOC-to-xylene mapping.
`uuid_validation`	all adopted identities	Before actual dataset release/publication require direct-read public type/state, bilingual official name, property/unit linkage, state/interface and provider conditions; resolve present gaps without substituting a narrower reference family.

Processes and inputs/outputs · 10

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`receipt`	Receipt and configuration tracing	8	0
`body_fabrication`	Vessel shell and fabricated frame manufacture	4	1
`foundry`	Equipment casting and finishing	8	5
`forge_heat`	Forging and heat treatment	4	4
`machining`	Machining and dimensional finishing	4	3
`lining`	Initial refractory and insulation installation	5	4
`surface`	Conditional protective coating and copper treatment	10	6
`assembly`	Configured assembly and factory acceptance	13	1
`services`	Residual shared utilities and pollution control	3	4
`dispatch`	Gate packaging and dispatch	4	1

Complete field inspector

Loads this record’s complete manifest and structured projection on demand; values are never truncated. Requires JavaScript.

Manufacture of metallurgical converters, ladles, ingot moulds, casting machines and metal-rolling mills

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Receipt and configuration tracing (receipt)

Inputs

Product flows

S355JR hot-rolled steel plate (plate)

Purchased unlined fabricated steel ladle shell (purchased_ladle_shell)

Purchased unlined steel converter vessel (purchased_converter_vessel)

Purchased cast-iron ingot mould (purchased_cast_mould)

Purchased forged alloy-steel work roll (purchased_roll)

Purchased cast-steel rolling-mill housing (purchased_housing)

Purchased nickel-plated copper-alloy caster mould plate (purchased_copper)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (receipt_electricity)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Vessel shell and fabricated frame manufacture (body_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (body_fabrication_electricity)

ER70S-6 carbon-steel welding wire (weld_wire)

Argon welding shielding gas (argon)

Carbon dioxide welding shielding gas (shield_co2)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Segregated carbon-steel fabrication offcut (steel_scrap)

Elementary flows

Process: Equipment casting and finishing (foundry)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (foundry_electricity)

Foundry pig iron charge (pigiron)

Grade-segregated carbon-steel foundry scrap charge (scrap_charge)

Ferrosilicon alloy addition (ferrosilicon)

Silica moulding sand (silica_sand)

Bentonite sand binder (bentonite)

Foundry coke for cupola combustion (coke)

Natural gas for factory combustion (foundry_natural_gas)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Iron-foundry slag (slag)

Spent silica foundry sand (spent_sand)

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (foundry_fossil_co2)

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (foundry_co)

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (foundry_no2)

Process: Forging and heat treatment (forge_heat)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (forge_heat_electricity)

42CrMo4 steel forging stock (forging_stock)

Mineral-oil heat-treatment quench fluid (quench_oil)

Natural gas for factory combustion (forge_heat_natural_gas)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Iron-oxide forging scale (scale)

Elementary flows

Process: Receipt and configuration tracing (`receipt`)

S355JR hot-rolled steel plate (`plate`)

Purchased unlined fabricated steel ladle shell (`purchased_ladle_shell`)

Purchased unlined steel converter vessel (`purchased_converter_vessel`)

Purchased cast-iron ingot mould (`purchased_cast_mould`)

Purchased forged alloy-steel work roll (`purchased_roll`)

Purchased cast-steel rolling-mill housing (`purchased_housing`)

Purchased nickel-plated copper-alloy caster mould plate (`purchased_copper`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`receipt_electricity`)

Process: Vessel shell and fabricated frame manufacture (`body_fabrication`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`body_fabrication_electricity`)

ER70S-6 carbon-steel welding wire (`weld_wire`)

Argon welding shielding gas (`argon`)

Carbon dioxide welding shielding gas (`shield_co2`)

Segregated carbon-steel fabrication offcut (`steel_scrap`)

Process: Equipment casting and finishing (`foundry`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`foundry_electricity`)

Foundry pig iron charge (`pigiron`)

Grade-segregated carbon-steel foundry scrap charge (`scrap_charge`)

Ferrosilicon alloy addition (`ferrosilicon`)

Silica moulding sand (`silica_sand`)

Bentonite sand binder (`bentonite`)

Foundry coke for cupola combustion (`coke`)

Natural gas for factory combustion (`foundry_natural_gas`)

Iron-foundry slag (`slag`)

Spent silica foundry sand (`spent_sand`)

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`foundry_fossil_co2`)

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`foundry_co`)

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`foundry_no2`)

Process: Forging and heat treatment (`forge_heat`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`forge_heat_electricity`)

42CrMo4 steel forging stock (`forging_stock`)

Mineral-oil heat-treatment quench fluid (`quench_oil`)

Natural gas for factory combustion (`forge_heat_natural_gas`)

Iron-oxide forging scale (`scale`)

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`forge_heat_fossil_co2`)

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`forge_heat_co`)

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`forge_heat_no2`)

Process: Machining and dimensional finishing (`machining`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`machining_electricity`)

CuCrZr copper-alloy caster mould blank (`copper_blank`)

Mineral-oil straight cutting fluid (`straight_oil`)

Water-emulsifiable mineral-oil cutting-fluid concentrate (`emulsion_concentrate`)

Segregated alloy-steel machining chips (`steel_chips`)

Segregated CuCrZr machining chips (`copper_chips`)

Spent mineral-oil cutting emulsion (`spent_emulsion`)

Process: Initial refractory and insulation installation (`lining`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`lining_electricity`)

Alumina-based refractory castable (`alumina_castable`)

Magnesia-carbon refractory brick (`magcarbon_brick`)

Purchased precast alumina refractory ladle liner (`precast_liner`)

Natural gas for factory combustion (`lining_natural_gas`)

Uninstalled alumina-castable residue (`refractory_waste`)

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`lining_fossil_co2`)

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`lining_co`)

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`lining_no2`)

Process: Conditional protective coating and copper treatment (`surface`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`surface_electricity`)

Steel grit blast abrasive (`steel_grit`)

Epoxy coating resin (`epoxy`)

Amine coating hardener (`amine`)

Xylene coating solvent (`xylene`)

Nickel sulfamate plating salt (`nickel_sulfamate`)

Nickel plating anode (`nickel_anode`)

Tungsten-carbide HVOF coating powder (`wc_powder`)

Oxygen for HVOF or thermal cutting (`oxygen`)

Natural gas for factory combustion (`surface_natural_gas`)

Waste uncured epoxy coating (`waste_epoxy`)

Spent nickel-sulfamate plating bath (`spent_bath`)

Xylene emitted to air (`xylene_air`)

Fossil carbon dioxide emitted to air (`surface_fossil_co2`)

Carbon monoxide emitted to air (`surface_co`)

Nitrogen dioxide emitted to air (`surface_no2`)

Process: Configured assembly and factory acceptance (`assembly`)

Purchased electricity delivered to factory (`assembly_electricity`)

Purchased cold-chamber die-casting three-platen clamping unit (`die_clamp`)

Purchased die-casting hydraulic control manifold (`die_control`)

Purchased hot-chamber die-casting holding furnace (`hot_furnace`)

Purchased AC induction motor (`motor`)