Microphones and stands therefor; loudspeakers; headphones, earphones and combined microphone/speaker sets; audio-frequency electric amplifiers; electric sound amplifier sets

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers standalone sound transducers, microphone stands, audio-frequency amplifiers and integrated sound amplification sets. A device that primarily records or plays stored media, receives broadcast radio/television, or performs telecommunications belongs to its own category. Connectivity alone does not decide identity: disclose the principal function and supplied configuration. Classification membership follows un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025.

The common methodology is component receipt, electromechanical assembly, function-specific acceptance testing and packing. The detailed inventory represents a passive full-range loudspeaker with a purchased finished MDF enclosure, supplied driver, soldered connections and polyester acoustic wadding. It is a collection design, not a universal bill of materials or a VISATON/Genelec product dataset. visaton-solo-20-construction and genelec-recycling-materials support the assembly architecture; component-boundary separation is supported by miljogiraff-transparent-light-speaker-2022.

For another covered member, instantiate its own reference product and atomic bill of materials before collecting data. Retain common processes once and document non-applicable representative rows. Microphones require capsule, mounting and sensitivity/polar-pattern evidence; headphones require transducers, wearing structure and declared channels; amplifiers require populated electronics, power supply, output load and efficiency evidence; microphone stands require load, adjustment and stability evidence without fictitious electrical consumption. Multiway or active speakers require each actual crossover, amplifier or battery subassembly as its own exchange. No representative amount transfers automatically to another design.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.radio-television-and-communication-equipment-and-apparatus.microphones-and-stands-therefor-loudspeakers-headphones-earphones-and-combined-micropho-e132c47e
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 47330; semantic scope reference, pending central mapping acceptance
covered_products	Microphones and dedicated stands; loudspeakers; headphones, earphones and microphone/speaker sets; audio-frequency electric amplifiers and electric sound amplifier sets
excluded_products	Stored-media recording/playback apparatus; broadcast receivers; telecommunications devices; hearing aids; separately traded unfinished parts other than complete transducers
representative_product	Passive full-range loudspeaker in finished MDF enclosure
production_route	Purchased finished components; wiring and soldering; assembly; acoustic/electrical test; packing
market_state	New, tested, saleable factory-gate product; packaging separately inventoried

The Chinese title is an authored translation checked against the official Chinese HS 8518 terminology in china-rcep-tariff-japan-hs8518. This is terminology evidence, not a new accepted classification mapping.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply the declared passive loudspeaker design for electrical-to-acoustic conversion
How much	1 kg net released product, equivalent to 1 / m_unit units where m_unit is measured kg per unit
How well	Declare bandwidth, rated impedance, sensitivity, distortion and test signal/level/distance/room; meet the documented model-specific acceptance specification
How long or cycle	One completed production campaign to factory gate; downstream service life and use profile must be declared separately, with no default years
reference_flow_link	reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Passive loudspeaker in MDF enclosure
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Product subtype and model; principal function; active/passive; standalone driver/enclosed unit; mono/stereo/set composition; net mass per unit; supplied accessories; driver count and type; enclosure and magnet composition; performance/test conditions; assembly site and campaign; purchased-component starting condition; packaging scope; supplier boundaries; repair and intended service-life evidence

This production module uses a declared mass unit. Mass alone does not establish equivalent audio service. A downstream comparison must specify product count, acoustic/electrical performance, listening duty, service life, repair and all remaining life-cycle stages. Required qualifiers shall be present in dataset metadata or linked technical records; absent qualifiers make the reference object incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
mu_net_mass	reference_product	Mass	kg	Use M_good excluding packaging as the denominator; count-to-mass conversion is model-specific and must not mix pairs, sets and individual units.
mu_energy	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Convert measured kWh to MJ by multiplication by 3.6. Rated amplifier watts are not consumed energy; use wall-meter energy over time, including standby during the recorded factory test.
mu_components	component inputs	Mass	kg	Use as-supplied component mass. Never add both a complete driver and its constituent magnet/coil upstream burdens; declare moisture for MDF and gross versus dry flux mass.
mu_test_basis	performance records	Declared acoustic/electrical properties	declared test units	Store stimulus, fixture, distance, environment and calibration alongside results. IEC 60268-21 public scope supports physical acoustic testing, not a universal sound-quality pass level.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Delivered complete driver and finished enclosure, wiring, fixing and filling items at the assembly site
starting_condition_role	foreground component-assembly entry state
product_classification_scope	Standalone transducers, microphone stands and audio amplification products; no stored-media playback or receiver substitution
recursive_input_rule	A purchased complete driver within the category is an input with a separate supplier dataset. Stop foreground recursion at that declared delivered state; do not link the final product dataset back to itself.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased exchange to cradle-to-delivered component/material/energy supply evidence, including component manufacture and transport. Inventory identity alone is not a supply dataset.
disclosure	Declare outsourced versus site operations, all unlinked upstream stages, waste destinations, infrastructure treatment and exclusions. A foreground-only result is gate-to-gate, not cradle-to-gate or cradle-to-grave.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
sb_production	foreground_boundary	Include receipt, wiring, joining, mounting, damping installation, testing, retesting, rework and packing actually performed. Purchased cabinet manufacture remains in its supplier boundary; in-house cabinet manufacture requires an explicit additional process.	visaton-solo-20-construction; miljogiraff-transparent-light-speaker-2022
sb_lifecycle	downstream_use	This PCR delivers a production module. Distribution, customer use, repairs and end of life must be linked before a complete life-cycle claim; identify every exclusion and its significance.	ec-environmental-footprint-2021
sb_waste	waste_boundary	Record production waste at the handover point and link appropriate treatment; distinguish waste disposal from saleable coproducts and from internal rework. Retain component separation information for downstream recovery.	genelec-recycling-materials
sb_double_count	upstream_and_direct_flows	Keep background supply emissions in their linked datasets; add only measured or calculated site emissions to foreground elementary flows. Keep upstream, factory-test and customer-use electricity separate.	ec-environmental-footprint-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
assembly	Component assembly and joining	required	Declared product uses the representative assembly route	foreground production	assembled product before final test
test_pack	Acceptance testing and packing	required	All released units; testing follows actual function	foreground testing and packing	1 kg net released product

All amounts use the same production campaign and are normalized to released product mass. Conditional absence is supported by the actual route record, never by a missing measurement. The inventory is not permission to omit identified exchanges: additional purchased components, cuttings, film waste, cleaning agents or individual direct emissions shall each be instantiated as one physical or chemical row when they cross the foreground boundary. For emissions, record species, compartment, measurement and capture efficiency; a summed “soldering fumes” flow is not acceptable. No combustion or wet cleaning is assumed for the representative route.

Process: Component assembly and joining (assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Electrodynamic loudspeaker driver (driver)

Weigh the supplied complete driver; include its magnet, coil, diaphragm and frame once.

• Selected flow: Electrodynamic loudspeaker driver
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh the supplied complete driver; include its magnet, coil, diaphragm and frame once. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Finished MDF loudspeaker enclosure with terminal cup (enclosure)

Weigh the finished enclosure including integral finish and terminal cup; obtain its supplier composition and processing boundary.

• Selected flow: Finished MDF loudspeaker enclosure with terminal cup
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh the finished enclosure including integral finish and terminal cup; obtain its supplier composition and processing boundary. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Insulated copper speaker cable (connection_cable)

Record actual cut cable mass including insulation; length conversion requires measured mass per length.

• Selected flow: Insulated copper speaker cable
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record actual cut cable mass including insulation; length conversion requires measured mass per length. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Steel screw (steel_screws)

Count issued screws minus returns and multiply by verified screw mass; declare grade and coating.

• Selected flow: Steel screw 895204f6-6425-4814-afc5-cb97e530e892
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Count issued screws minus returns and multiply by verified screw mass; declare grade and coating. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Polyester fibre acoustic wadding (acoustic_wadding)

Weigh the installed uncoated acoustic mat and separately reconcile cutting losses; record fibre and binder composition.

• Selected flow: Polyester fibre acoustic wadding
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh the installed uncoated acoustic mat and separately reconcile cutting losses; record fibre and binder composition. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Flux-free tin-silver-copper solder (solder)

Record flux-free tin-silver-copper solder consumed for terminal joints; require supplier alloy composition, without presuming SAC305.

• Selected flow: Flux-free tin-silver-copper solder
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record flux-free tin-silver-copper solder consumed for terminal joints; require supplier alloy composition, without presuming SAC305. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Solid rosin soldering flux (rosin_flux)

Weigh separately supplied solid rosin flux consumed; solvent-containing formulations require separate constituent and emission accounting.

• Selected flow: Solid rosin soldering flux
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh separately supplied solid rosin flux consumed; solvent-containing formulations require separate constituent and emission accounting. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Electricity (assembly_electricity)

Meter assembly tools, soldering and fume extraction plus the causally assigned share of facility electricity; exclude test_pack meters.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Meter assembly tools, soldering and fume extraction plus the causally assigned share of facility electricity; exclude test_pack meters. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66; 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Outputs

Product flows

Assembled passive loudspeaker before final test (assembled_output)

Record net mass transferred to test_pack; preserve lot identity and reconcile work in progress.

• Selected flow: Assembled passive loudspeaker before final test
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record net mass transferred to test_pack; preserve lot identity and reconcile work in progress. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_transfer
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Waste flows

Waste lead-free solder dross (solder_dross)

Weigh separately collected solder dross sent to recovery; inclusion_condition: dross crosses the boundary; document absence otherwise.

• Selected flow: Waste lead-free solder dross
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh separately collected solder dross sent to recovery; inclusion_condition: dross crosses the boundary; document absence otherwise. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Waste rosin soldering flux (rosin_residue)

Weigh separately collected rosin residue; inclusion_condition: residue leaves the process; flux remaining on the product belongs in product mass.

• Selected flow: Waste rosin soldering flux
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh separately collected rosin residue; inclusion_condition: residue leaves the process; flux remaining on the product belongs in product mass. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_assembly
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Process: Acceptance testing and packing (test_pack)

Inputs

Product flows

Assembled passive loudspeaker before final test (assembled_input)

Use exactly the matched assembled_output transfer mass; this is an internal link, not a second purchased input.

• Selected flow: Assembled passive loudspeaker before final test
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Use exactly the matched assembled_output transfer mass; this is an internal link, not a second purchased input. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_transfer
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Electricity (test_electricity)

Meter test amplifier wall input, analyser, burn-in and packing equipment over the actual test schedule; include retests.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Meter test amplifier wall input, analyser, burn-in and packing equipment over the actual test schedule; include retests. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_test_pack
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66; 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

corrugated board boxes (corrugated_carton)

Weigh cartons issued minus unused returns; distinguish delivered cartons from discarded damaged cartons.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh cartons issued minus unused returns; distinguish delivered cartons from discarded damaged cartons. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_test_pack
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) (ldpe_film)

Weigh film issued minus returns; record film grade, thickness and recycled content from supplier evidence.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh film issued minus returns; record film grade, thickness and recycled content from supplier evidence. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_test_pack
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Outputs

Product flows

Passive loudspeaker in MDF enclosure (reference_product)

Normalize released net product mass M_good to 1 kg; exclude all packaging mass and include successful rework only once.

• Selected flow: Passive loudspeaker in MDF enclosure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Normalize released net product mass M_good to 1 kg; exclude all packaging mass and include successful rework only once.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_release
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Waste flows

Discarded passive loudspeaker (rejected_loudspeaker)

Weigh irreparable complete units transferred to an identified treatment operator; repairable work in progress is not waste.

• Selected flow: Discarded passive loudspeaker
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh irreparable complete units transferred to an identified treatment operator; repairable work in progress is not waste. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_test_pack
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

Packaging waste, cardboard (cardboard_waste)

Weigh the separately collected cardboard packaging waste; exclude product packaging dispatched with good units.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste, cardboard 72270223-04b1-4986-a546-94e5a0821317
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh the separately collected cardboard packaging waste; exclude product packaging dispatched with good units. Divide by M_good under calc_normalize.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released loudspeaker
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_test_pack
• Property and unit-group references: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66; 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
al_hierarchy	shared_operations	First assess subdivision or system expansion; otherwise use a demonstrated causal physical relationship, and document any fallback economic allocation and sensitivity.	ec-environmental-footprint-2021
al_metering	shared_electricity	Under cp_energy_assembly; cp_energy_test_pack, assign shared electricity with measured machine power-time or another validated causal driver; unit counts alone require evidence that the models impose equal loads. Reconcile allocated totals to the meter.
al_rework	rejects_and_recovery	Under cp_release and cp_waste_assembly; cp_waste_test_pack, retain failed-test and rework burdens in the campaign denominator of good output. Report recovery separately; do not credit full avoided virgin production merely because scrap has a sale price.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bom_assembly	assembly	components and packaging	supplier records and weighing	model; batch; supplier part; material composition; unit count; sample unit masses; issued/returned mass; opening/closing stock; moisture; assembly boundary	Reconcile store issues and returns with calibrated weighing and BOM revision	kg; units; m	each batch and each supplier/design change	one declared representative production period including normal starts and rework	actual assembly site and named suppliers	Net consumption by component divided by M_good; retain losses separately	calibration; scale resolution; sample coverage; supplier declarations; signed stock reconciliation
cp_bom_test_pack	test_pack	components and packaging	supplier records and weighing	model; batch; supplier part; material composition; unit count; sample unit masses; issued/returned mass; opening/closing stock; moisture; assembly boundary	Reconcile store issues and returns with calibrated weighing and BOM revision	kg; units; m	each batch and each supplier/design change	one declared representative production period including normal starts and rework	actual assembly site and named suppliers	Net consumption by component divided by M_good; retain losses separately	calibration; scale resolution; sample coverage; supplier declarations; signed stock reconciliation
cp_energy_assembly	assembly	electricity	submeter and equipment log	meter id; boundary; start/end kWh; time; idle state; active/standby power; test duration; rework time; model throughput; allocation driver	Submeter both processes; validate any power-time fallback against metering	kWh; W; h	each campaign; timestamped test logs	same period as released product	assembly, extraction and test stations; documented shared facility load	Convert kWh to MJ; reconcile process totals and allocated shared load to site meters; divide by M_good	meter calibration; timestamp checks; allocation driver validation
cp_energy_test_pack	test_pack	electricity	submeter and equipment log	meter id; boundary; start/end kWh; time; idle state; active/standby power; test duration; rework time; model throughput; allocation driver	Submeter both processes; validate any power-time fallback against metering	kWh; W; h	each campaign; timestamped test logs	same period as released product	assembly, extraction and test stations; documented shared facility load	Convert kWh to MJ; reconcile process totals and allocated shared load to site meters; divide by M_good	meter calibration; timestamp checks; allocation driver validation
cp_transfer	assembly	internal loudspeaker transfer	batch transfer and WIP register	batch id; unit count; sampled mass; transfer time; opening/closing WIP; rework route	Match output and input transfer slips and physically reconcile WIP	kg; units	each transfer	same inventory period	paired sending/receiving stations	Link equal transferred masses; account for period-boundary WIP; eliminate internal links from consolidated totals	signed transfer records; WIP checks
cp_release	test_pack	reference product and performance	acceptance tests and release register	serial/model; signal; impedance; bandwidth; sensitivity; distortion; test level; distance; environment; calibration; pass/fail; retest; released count; net unit mass; included accessories	Use documented model acceptance procedure and calibrated tests; weigh saleable product without packaging	kg; units; declared test units	each released lot; test frequency specified by actual acceptance plan	same production campaign	final test and packing line	M_good equals released count times verified net unit mass by model; include a repaired unit only once	test logs; calibration; acceptance plan; release authorisation
cp_waste_assembly	assembly	each separate waste stream	waste weighing and transfer record	stream composition; container tare; gross/net mass; date; lot; destination; waste/product status; recovery or disposal; retained residues; capture evidence	Weigh each segregated stream; reconcile receiver tickets; screen direct emissions and identify each substance	kg	each removal and campaign balance	same period as material use	production site to named receiving operator	Deduct tare and normalize each waste separately by M_good; disclose stock changes and any measured direct emissions	transfer tickets; composition/SDS; calibrated weighing; treatment route evidence
cp_waste_test_pack	test_pack	each separate waste stream	waste weighing and transfer record	stream composition; container tare; gross/net mass; date; lot; destination; waste/product status; recovery or disposal; retained residues; capture evidence	Weigh each segregated stream; reconcile receiver tickets; screen direct emissions and identify each substance	kg	each removal and campaign balance	same period as material use	production site to named receiving operator	Deduct tare and normalize each waste separately by M_good; disclose stock changes and any measured direct emissions	transfer tickets; composition/SDS; calibrated weighing; treatment route evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize	all external exchanges	q_i = Q_i / M_good, with positive M_good and a common campaign; Q_i is stock-adjusted consumed or released quantity.	cp_bom_assembly; cp_bom_test_pack; cp_waste_assembly; cp_waste_test_pack; cp_release	kg/kg or MJ/kg
calc_good_mass	reference_product	M_good = sum(N_released_model × m_unit_model), excluding packaging; confirm against direct aggregate weighing.	cp_release	kg; normalized reference_product = 1
calc_energy	electricity	E_MJ = 3.6 × E_kWh; if power-time is used, E_kWh = sum(P_input_W × hours) / 1000, including measured standby and retest periods.	cp_energy_assembly; cp_energy_test_pack	MJ/kg
calc_balance	mass flows	Residual = external material inputs + opening stock - closing stock - good product - shipped packaging - external waste - measured mass emissions; internal transfers cancel. Investigate the residual against combined measurement uncertainty.	cp_bom_assembly; cp_bom_test_pack; cp_transfer; cp_waste_assembly; cp_waste_test_pack; cp_release	kg residual and explanation

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_design	reference and BOM	Keep one model/configuration per mass conversion; identify magnet type, electronic content and supplied accessories so unlike audio products cannot silently share a material profile.	cp_bom_assembly; cp_bom_test_pack; cp_release
dq_primary	foreground amounts	Retain original measurements and uncertainty; report estimates separately and obtain measured factory energy rather than reusing the optical-mouse proxy from the source case.	cp_energy_assembly; cp_energy_test_pack; miljogiraff-transparent-light-speaker-2022
dq_representativeness	linked supply datasets	Disclose geography, technology, year, recycled content, supplier boundary and any proxy substitution; a flow UUID alone does not supply these facts.	ec-environmental-footprint-2021
dq_completeness	all processes	Close the bill of materials and waste balance; document genuinely absent routes. Add one concrete exchange for every newly identified component, process chemical, waste or emission.	cp_bom_assembly; cp_bom_test_pack; cp_waste_assembly; cp_waste_test_pack

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
val_identity	reference_definition	All required qualifiers, a specific product object and a net unit mass are mandatory. Class membership and a general audio-equipment label do not prove flow identity or functional equivalence.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
val_trace	inventory	Every active row must have raw records, amount basis, compatible property/unit and exactly one atomic exchange. A missing value differs from measured zero or documented non-applicability.
val_balance	mass_and_internal_links	Reconcile cp_transfer output/input by batch and period. Investigate nonzero mass residuals against weighing uncertainty and inventory changes; never force balance by adjusting good output. Packaging travels outside net product mass.
val_energy	factory_test	Verify disjoint assembly/test meters, kWh conversion, test duration and rework. Reject estimates obtained by multiplying rated acoustic or amplifier output watts by time without a validated electrical-input model.
val_performance	test_pack	Retain measured physical response and model-specific acceptance criteria under cp_release; scope-level IEC evidence does not establish conformity to unexamined clauses.	iec-60268-21-2018-scope
val_coverage	dataset_use	State stage coverage, unmatched supply links, geographic/technology/time relevance and uncertainty. No category-wide comparative claim is supported by this representative production inventory alone.	ec-environmental-footprint-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after appropriate review and completion of supply links
downstream_use	Foreground data package projects to process and lifecyclemodel; supplier production input for a matching loudspeaker design
allowed_use	Declared site/model/campaign production inventory with explicit stage coverage and unit conversion
excluded_use	Unqualified average for all audio equipment; stand/headphone/amplifier substitution; customer-use electricity default; complete life-cycle or comparable EPD claim without remaining stages and review
required_metadata	Required qualifiers; geography; dates; BOM revision; supplier datasets; process map; boundaries; allocation; raw-record links; treatment routes
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement uncertainty; missing records and supply links; proxy datasets; completeness; site representativeness; translation/review state
update_trigger	Design/BOM, supplier, enclosure, magnet, electronics, assembly/test route, power mix or waste treatment changes; updated measurement evidence

11. Data Sources

External evidence supports the stated role only. Source-specific compositions, electricity proxies, lifetime assumptions and environmental results are not category defaults. All web sources below were retrieved on 2026-09-09.

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC 3.0 structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	47330 and neighbouring 47311, 47321 and 47323: category membership and exclusions
china-rcep-tariff-japan-hs8518	official_guidance	China tariff schedule, Annex I, Section 3: Japan; official Chinese text hosted by Fujian Department of Commerce. https://swt.fujian.gov.cn/xxgk/jgzn/jgcs/zcfgc/sbqyzymy/202012/W020201218620318530448.pdf	HS 8518 and subheadings: Chinese terminology only; no tariff or CPC equivalence claim
ec-environmental-footprint-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I, sections 3.2, 4.5 and 4.6. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279	Function, explicit boundary, allocation hierarchy and representativeness; selected principles, not a claim of complete PEF compliance
visaton-solo-20-construction	handbook	VISATON SOLO 20, Building instruction, Assembly and Inner damping. https://www.visaton.de/en/products/fullrange-systems/solo-20/bauanleitung	MDF cabinet, driver opening, terminal connection and acoustic damping architecture; no dimensions or quantities transferred
genelec-recycling-materials	handbook	Genelec, Recycling and Materials. https://www.genelec.com/recycling-information-materials	Drivers, enclosure materials, acoustic filling, packaging and separable waste fractions; no recycled-content defaults
miljogiraff-transparent-light-speaker-2022	literature	Viktor Hakkarainen and Marcus Bernhard, Miljögiraff AB, Life Cycle Assessment of Light Speaker by Transparent, report 977, 11 May 2022. https://transpa.rent/site/assets/cms/pdf/Life%20Cycle%20Assessment%20report%20Transparent%20LS%20V3%202022-05-11.pdf	Sections 3.3 and 4.2–4.4, pp. 14–23: weighed component inventory and separation of upstream component processing from final assembly; its proxy assembly energy is not a measured benchmark
iec-60268-21-2018-scope	standard	IEC 60268-21:2018, Sound system equipment — Part 21: Acoustical (output-based) measurements; official scope page. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/28687	Public scope only: physical input-to-acoustic-output testing of passive and active systems; no claim to have verified paid clauses or universal acceptance limits