Parts of spark-ignition reciprocating, compression ignition or rotary internal combustion piston engines

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers new, non-aircraft parts of spark-ignition reciprocating, compression-ignition, or rotary internal-combustion piston engines when manufactured from purchased engine-part blanks and delivered as conforming finished parts at the factory gate. Covered parts include, when sold separately, cylinder blocks and heads, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, flywheels, manifolds, and other parts whose principal identity is as a part of the covered engines.

The PCR applies to machining and dimensional finishing, conditional heat treatment or surface treatment, final cleaning, inspection, and packing. It excludes complete engines, aircraft-engine parts, turbo-jets and turbo-propellers, generic motor-vehicle parts not principally identified as engine parts, remanufactured parts, blank production before receipt at the reporting site, capital equipment, employee travel, use, maintenance, and end-of-life. On-site blank casting or forging requires an additional foreground process and verified atomic exchanges; it must not be hidden inside the purchased blank input.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.parts-of-spark-ignition-reciprocating-compression-ignition-or-rotary-internal-combustio-a011c638
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43151, exact
covered_products	New non-aircraft parts principally designed for spark-ignition reciprocating, compression-ignition, or rotary internal-combustion piston engines
excluded_products	Complete engines; aircraft-engine parts in CPC 43152; turbine parts; filters; generic vehicle parts; remanufactured parts; loose metal blanks sold without finished engine-part identity
representative_product	A conforming finished engine part produced from a purchased engine-part blank
production_route	Purchased blank receiving; machining and dimensional finishing; conditional heat or surface treatment; final cleaning, inspection, and packing
market_state	New, cleaned, inspected, conforming finished part at factory gate; packaging is recorded as a separate input

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide a conforming finished non-aircraft part for a covered internal-combustion piston engine
How much	1 kg net mass of finished conforming engine parts, excluding packaging
How well	Meets the declared drawing, material grade, dimensions and tolerances, heat-treatment or coating state, cleanliness requirement, and acceptance-test specification
How long or cycle	One completed manufacturing batch or reporting-period production lot at the factory gate; no use-phase service duration is credited
reference_flow_link	Net mass of accepted finished parts after final inspection, normalized to 1 kg

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Parts of spark-ignition reciprocating, compression ignition or rotary internal combustion piston engines 1feb7c65-f70a-45fa-b290-0cdd5f7f56eb
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	part name and drawing or part number; intended engine type; material grade and blank-forming route; incoming blank state; machining route; heat-treatment state; surface-treatment or coating state; net finished mass; cleanliness and acceptance specification; production site and geography; reporting period; packaging configuration; allocation method; wastewater and waste destinations

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	accepted finished reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh accepted finished parts after required cleaning and treatment; exclude pallets, corrugated board, removable protective packaging, gauges, fixtures, and rejected parts.
batch_normalization	all process exchanges	Mass or the row-specific Tiangong property	row-specific reference unit	Aggregate exchanges for the same site, route, product family, and reporting period, then divide by accepted net finished-part mass and express per 1 kg reference product.
electricity_conversion	purchased electricity rows	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered kWh and convert to MJ using 3.6 MJ per kWh; disclose meter boundary, voltage level, grid geography, and losses included.
water_mass_conversion	process-water rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer a mass measurement; when water is metered by volume, convert with measured or documented density at the stated reference conditions and retain the original volume record.
packaging_reuse	reusable pallet input	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Allocate only the pallet mass attributable to the reported shipment using verified reuse cycles and load utilization; if reuse is unverified, record the full pallet input.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary begins with purchased engine-part blanks as received at the manufacturing site and ends with accepted finished parts and their packing materials at the factory gate. Upstream production and delivery of blanks, electricity, fuels, water, chemicals, and packaging require linked upstream datasets. Direct site wastes and elementary emissions are recorded after internal recovery and before external treatment or release, with destinations and control systems disclosed.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased engine-part blanks at site receipt, with part family, material grade, forming route, supplier, mass, and included upstream processing declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input and foreground manufacturing start
product_classification_scope	Finished non-aircraft parts in CPC 3.0 subclass 43151; CPC 43152 aircraft-engine parts remain outside this PCR
recursive_input_rule	A purchased flow already having finished CPC 43151 identity must be treated as an upstream component with its own dataset and must not be relabelled as a blank or counted again as the reference product; dataset-local intermediate transfers remain internal
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use geographically, technologically, and materially representative upstream datasets for each purchased blank, energy carrier, water, chemical, and packaging input
disclosure	Declare blank material and forming route, included upstream operations, site processes, outsourced treatments, internal recovery, abatement, waste destinations, packaging, exclusions, and allocation choices

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_start_rule	foreground_start	Start at measured receipt of purchased engine-part blanks; on-site casting or forging is an additional foreground process and may not be hidden in the blank input.	us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003
boundary_process_rule	foreground_processes	Include machining, all on-site heat or surface treatment, final cleaning, inspection, and packing that are needed to meet the declared product specification.	eu-sf-bat-2024, us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003
boundary_end_rule	foreground_end	End at accepted finished-part mass and separately measured packaging at the factory gate; record direct wastes and elementary releases after internal recovery.
boundary_exclusion_rule	excluded_life_cycle_stages	Exclude use, maintenance, end-of-life, capital equipment, employee travel, and processes already represented in linked upstream datasets.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
machining	Machining and dimensional finishing	required	Always include for the purchased-blank route; if a finished part needs no machining, this PCR route is not applicable without review	Foreground conversion of purchased blank to machined part	Accepted net finished-part mass
heat_surface_treatment	Heat treatment and surface treatment	conditional	Include every on-site heat treatment, alkaline cleaning, pickling, coating preparation, or surface-finishing operation required by the declared part specification	Conditional foreground treatment	Treated intermediate mass linked to accepted output
final_inspection_packing	Final cleaning, inspection and packing	required	Always include final inspection and packing; include aqueous cleaning rows only when water crosses the process boundary	Foreground acceptance and factory-gate preparation	Accepted net finished-part mass

Process: Machining and dimensional finishing (machining)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased engine-part blank (machining_blank_input)

The measured blank entering machining is recorded with material grade, forming route, supplier, and incoming condition.

• Selected flow: Engine part blanks abde866d-f4f6-4226-8f7b-571ea254ec5f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured as-received blank mass issued to the reported production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records

Purchased machining electricity (machining_electricity)

Record net electricity delivered to machine tools, coolant systems, extraction, and directly associated machining equipment within the meter boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered electricity attributable to the reported machining lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records

Process water used in machining (machining_process_water)

Record process water added to water-miscible coolant, chip handling, or machining rinses when it crosses the machining boundary.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured process-water make-up and rinse water attributable to the machining lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Cutting fluid make-up (machining_cutting_fluid)

Record the as-supplied cutting-fluid product added to the machining system; declare formulation, concentrate fraction, and recycled-fluid boundary.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchasing, issue, and sump make-up records attributable to the machining lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Machined engine parts (machined_parts_output)

Record the measured mass transferred from machining before any conditional heat or surface treatment.

• Selected flow: Machined engine parts a203f078-d7e0-4345-b18f-9785059b4419
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured machined-part mass released from machining
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records

Waste flows

Metal swarf and chips (machining_metal_swarf)

Record metal removed from workpieces and crossing the boundary as segregated swarf or chips after internal fluid drainage and metal recovery.

• Selected flow: Metal swarf and chips 97cead07-5379-4dc0-85a1-d53e89ad0cff
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dispatched swarf and chip mass, corrected for documented retained fluid when material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Spent machining coolant (machining_spent_coolant)

Record discarded coolant leaving the machining system for recovery, treatment, or disposal, separate from aqueous wastewater.

• Selected flow: Spent coolant 62b6a738-fb6a-4570-a95a-9255ec0dcb2b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of spent coolant dispatched from the site
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Machining wastewater (machining_wastewater)

Record the measured aqueous waste stream from machining-fluid bleed, chip drainage, or machining rinse operations; declare composition and destination.

• Selected flow: Machining wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured aqueous machining wastewater crossing the site boundary or entering on-site treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Elementary flows

Residual particulate matter to air (machining_particulate_air)

Record measured residual particulate matter released to air after collection and abatement; do not record collected dust here as an elementary emission.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or site-calculated residual particulate release after controls
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_machining_records
• Sources: eu-sf-bat-2024

Process: Heat treatment and surface treatment (heat_surface_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Machined parts entering treatment (treatment_machined_parts_input)

Record the machined-part mass entering on-site treatment and identify the required heat-treatment or surface-treatment route.

• Selected flow: Machined engine parts a203f078-d7e0-4345-b18f-9785059b4419
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass issued to the treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records

Treatment electricity (treatment_electricity)

Record electricity delivered to treatment furnaces, pumps, ventilation, rinsing, and directly associated equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered electricity attributable to treated parts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-sf-bat-2024

Natural gas for treatment heating (treatment_natural_gas)

Record gaseous natural gas combusted in treatment furnaces or directly associated heating equipment when the route uses it.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural-gas volume attributable to treated parts at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-sf-bat-2024

Process water for treatment (treatment_process_water)

Record process water used for bath make-up, quenching, cleaning, or rinsing within the declared treatment route.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured treatment-water input attributable to treated parts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (treatment_sodium_hydroxide)

Record the as-supplied sodium-hydroxide mass used for alkaline cleaning only when this chemistry is present.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchasing and bath make-up records attributable to treated parts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Hydrochloric acid for pickling (treatment_hydrochloric_acid)

Record as-supplied hydrochloric acid only when the declared route uses it; retain acid concentration and bath make-up records.

• Selected flow: Hydrochloric Acid 964d524a-87f5-4b63-a856-2e31a8f21b67
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: as-supplied acid mass issued to treatment baths
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Treated engine-part intermediate (treated_parts_output)

Record the mass transferred from the declared heat-treatment or surface-treatment route to final acceptance.

• Selected flow: Treated engine-part intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured treated-part mass released to final inspection
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records

Waste flows

Spent hydrochloric-acid pickling solution (treatment_spent_pickling_acid)

Record spent hydrochloric-acid bath solution separately from rinse wastewater, with concentration, dissolved-metal content, and destination declared.

• Selected flow: Spent hydrochloric-acid pickling solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass removed from the bath for recovery, treatment, or disposal
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Metal-finishing wastewater (treatment_wastewater)

Record the aqueous wastewater generated by the declared cleaning, rinsing, pickling, quenching, or surface-treatment sequence, excluding separately removed spent baths.

• Selected flow: Metal-finishing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wastewater crossing the site boundary or entering on-site treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from treatment fuel (treatment_fossil_co2_air)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide released from treatment-furnace fuel combustion; exclude upstream electricity emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from metered fuel and site fuel carbon content or measure the direct release
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records

Process: Final cleaning, inspection and packing (final_inspection_packing)

Inputs

Product flows

Inspection-ready engine-part intermediate (final_part_input)

Record the internal part mass entering final acceptance, whether directly machined or conditionally treated; identify the route and treatment state.

• Selected flow: Inspection-ready engine-part intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured internal transfer mass entering final inspection
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records

Final inspection and packing electricity (final_electricity)

Record electricity delivered to final cleaning, measurement, non-destructive testing, inspection, and packing equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered or documented allocated electricity attributable to accepted and rejected parts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records

Process water for final aqueous cleaning (final_process_water)

Record process water only when a final aqueous-cleaning step is performed before acceptance.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured final-cleaning water attributable to the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Corrugated cardboard packaging (packing_corrugated_cardboard)

Record corrugated cardboard crossing the factory gate with the product; omit only when demonstrably absent or replaced by a separately modelled reusable container.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard 8bde297e-98df-463f-bcb4-0db52bf6e0b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging mass assigned to shipped accepted parts
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records

Wooden pallet (packing_wooden_pallet)

Record the attributable mass of wooden pallets used for shipment when this packing route applies.

• Selected flow: Pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood, pallet collars of wood 4b49871e-95be-4e0c-9223-9902f9eaa763
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured pallet mass allocated using verified reuse cycles and load utilization
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished engine parts (reference_engine_part_output)

This is the reference product after all specified processing, cleaning, and acceptance checks; packaging mass is excluded.

• Selected flow: Parts of spark-ignition reciprocating, compression ignition or rotary internal combustion piston engines 1feb7c65-f70a-45fa-b290-0cdd5f7f56eb
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1.0 kg by reference-flow normalization from measured accepted net finished-part mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records

Waste flows

Wastewater from final cleaning (final_cleaning_wastewater)

Record the conditional aqueous waste stream from final parts cleaning, with cleaning chemistry, contamination, treatment, and destination declared.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cleaning f0402393-e82c-47e8-9cd8-a486c97f3e89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured final-cleaning wastewater crossing the process boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records
• Sources: us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Rejected engine part (rejected_engine_part)

Record off-specification whole or partly completed engine parts leaving the foreground as waste, separate from machining swarf.

• Selected flow: Rejected engine part
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected-part mass dispatched to recovery, rework outside the boundary, treatment, or disposal
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished engine parts
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_records

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision	shared foreground operations	Prefer subdivision, submetering, machine-time records, and route-specific material issue records so exchanges are assigned directly to the reported part family.
allocation_residual	inseparable shared utilities	Allocate residual shared utilities using the most causal measured driver, such as machine time, treatment load, or occupied batch capacity; use mass only when no more causal record exists and disclose the sensitivity.
allocation_internal_recovery	internally recovered coolant, metal, water, or heat	Record only net make-up and net outputs crossing the process boundary; do not create a credit for internal recirculation and retain records proving the recovery loop.	us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003
allocation_exported_scrap	exported swarf and rejected parts	Treat exported scrap and rejected parts as waste outputs without avoided-burden credit in the foreground result unless the study goal requires another recycling convention; disclose any alternative and test its effect.
allocation_packaging_reuse	reusable pallets	Allocate pallet mass by verified reuse cycles and actual load utilization; apply full pallet mass when those records are unavailable.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_machining_records	machining	all machining inputs and outputs	meter, scale, issue, maintenance, waste-transfer, and emission-control records	lot id; part number; blank mass; accepted mass; electricity; water; cutting-fluid make-up; machined transfer; swarf; spent coolant; wastewater; residual dust	reconcile production, utility, sump, waste, and abatement records to the same lot or reporting period	kg; MJ; m3 as applicable	each lot or meter interval, aggregated monthly at most	representative continuous 12-month period or full shorter campaign with justification	all machining equipment and directly associated extraction serving the declared product	sum same-boundary records, subtract documented internal returns, then normalize by accepted net mass	calibrated scales and meters; invoices; issue records; sump logs; waste manifests; abatement monitoring; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_treatment_records	heat_surface_treatment	all conditional treatment inputs and outputs	batch ticket, meter, bath log, scale, fuel, waste-transfer, and stack-calculation records	treatment route; batch id; input and output mass; electricity; natural gas; water; sodium hydroxide; hydrochloric acid and concentration; spent bath; wastewater; direct fossil CO2	reconcile treatment tickets, meters, bath additions, waste dispatches, and fuel records by route	kg; MJ; m3 as applicable	each batch or meter interval, aggregated monthly at most	representative continuous 12-month period or full shorter campaign with justification	every on-site heat-treatment and surface-treatment line used for the declared product	aggregate by treatment route, avoid double counting internal bath recirculation, and normalize by accepted net mass	calibrated meters; bath analyses; chemical invoices; fuel records; waste manifests; treatment specification; mass and carbon checks
cp_final_records	final_inspection_packing	final input, utilities, packaging, accepted product, cleaning wastewater, and rejects	scale, inspection, cleaning, packaging issue, shipment, and reject records	route state; input mass; electricity; water; cardboard; pallet mass and reuse cycles; accepted mass; cleaning wastewater; reject mass; acceptance result	reconcile inspection, packing, shipment, and reject records to the same production lot	kg; MJ as applicable	each lot or shipment, aggregated monthly at most	representative continuous 12-month period or full shorter campaign with justification	all final cleaning, inspection, test, and packing operations for the declared product	sum accepted net mass separately from packaging and rejects; normalize all rows by accepted net mass	calibrated scales and meters; inspection release; packaging issue; pallet reuse evidence; shipment records; reject disposition

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every inventory row	normalized amount = reporting-period row quantity / reporting-period accepted net finished-part mass	row quantity; accepted net finished-part mass	row amount per 1 kg reference product
calc_electricity_mj	all electricity rows	electricity MJ = metered kWh × 3.6 MJ/kWh	metered kWh	electricity in MJ
calc_water_mass	water and wastewater measured by volume	mass = measured volume × documented density at stated reference conditions	volume; density; temperature or reference condition	mass in kg
calc_direct_fossil_co2	treatment_fossil_co2_air	calculate direct fossil CO2 from metered fuel and documented carbon content or use a verified site emission calculation; do not include upstream electricity emissions	fuel quantity; fuel composition or verified site factor	direct fossil CO2 mass
calc_pallet_allocation	packing_wooden_pallet	attributable pallet mass = pallet mass × shipment load share / verified reuse cycles	pallet mass; load share; reuse cycles	allocated pallet mass
calc_mass_reconciliation	machining and final acceptance	blank input mass = accepted output mass + exported swarf + rejected-part mass + documented inventory change + other individually identified mass outputs, within stated measurement uncertainty	blank, accepted, swarf, rejects, inventory change, other identified outputs	mass-balance difference	us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and intermediates	Declare part number, engine type, drawing revision, material grade, forming route, treatment state, and acceptance specification.	released drawing, bill of materials, route card, and inspection release
dq_boundary	all processes	Use the same site, process boundary, product family, and period for numerator and accepted-mass denominator; document outsourced and upstream processes.	process map, meter map, supplier declarations, and boundary reconciliation
dq_measurement	mass, energy, water, chemical, waste, and emission records	Use calibrated or verified instruments and preserve original units, conversion factors, and uncertainty or estimation flags.	calibration certificates, meter checks, scale tickets, and calculation workbook
dq_temporal	foreground inventory	Prefer a continuous 12-month period; justify shorter campaigns and show that start-up, shutdown, maintenance, and reject conditions are represented.	dated production and utility records and representativeness statement
dq_completeness	atomic exchanges	Reconcile blank mass, accepted mass, swarf, spent fluids, wastewater, rejects, packaging, energy, and conditional treatment chemicals; explain every excluded applicable row.	mass balance, utility reconciliation, waste manifests, and signed completeness review
dq_route_specificity	conditional treatment and packing rows	Mark each conditional row applicable or not applicable and retain evidence; a zero amount without an applicability statement is incomplete.	route card, treatment specification, cleaning record, and packing instruction

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_identity	reference product	Confirm the dataset describes a finished non-aircraft CPC 43151 engine part and that all required qualifiers and the exact reference-flow UUID are present.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validation_reference_amount	reference flow	Confirm accepted net finished-part output equals 1 kg after normalization and excludes packaging and rejects.
validation_inventory_accounting	process inventory	Confirm every inventory card is one atomic exchange and each applicable row has a measured or calculated amount, unit, collection protocol, and disclosed destination or supply boundary.
validation_mass_balance	machining and final acceptance	Investigate mass-balance differences outside documented measurement uncertainty; do not force balance by inserting an unidentified waste flow.	us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003
validation_energy_water	electricity, fuel, water, and wastewater	Reconcile meters to the same product period, verify kWh-to-MJ and volume-to-mass conversions, and prevent double counting between machining, treatment, and final cleaning.
validation_treatment_route	conditional treatment	Confirm treatment inputs, wastes, direct fuel emissions, and abatement outputs are present when the route applies and absent only with route evidence.	eu-sf-bat-2024, us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003
validation_allocation	shared operations and reusable pallets	Confirm the causal allocation driver, internal recovery treatment, scrap convention, pallet reuse evidence, and sensitivity are disclosed.
validation_unresolved_identity	UUID-empty rows	Retain the concrete row name and manifest unresolved entry until one exact public state-100 Tiangong flow is verified; do not substitute a proxy.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production package that may be published as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review
downstream_use	Product carbon footprint, process LCA, supplier comparison, and lifecyclemodel construction for a declared engine-part family and manufacturing route
allowed_use	Use where part identity, material, blank route, treatment state, geography, technology, allocation, and reporting period are representative
excluded_use	Complete engines, aircraft-engine parts, remanufactured parts, use-phase performance, end-of-life, or an unqualified average across materially different part families and routes
required_metadata	PCR id and version; reference-flow UUID; part and engine identity; material and blank route; site and geography; technology; treatment and packing route; reporting period; upstream dataset links; allocation; cut-offs; data quality; unresolved identities
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; meter and scale coverage; temporal and geographic representativeness; mass-balance result; estimation share; wastewater and waste destinations; abatement; allocation sensitivity; pallet reuse evidence; uncertainty
update_trigger	Drawing, material, supplier blank route, machining technology, treatment chemistry, energy supply, wastewater treatment, allocation, packing configuration, site, or data age changes that materially affect the result

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv, retrieved 2026-09-05	Official CPC 43151 product identity, hierarchy, and separation from aircraft-engine parts in CPC 43152
eu-sf-bat-2024	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/2974 of 29 November 2024 establishing BAT conclusions for the smitheries and foundries industry, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ%3AL_202402974, retrieved 2026-09-05	Finishing and heat-treatment process definitions, treatment energy context, and dust collection from finishing
us-epa-metal-products-machinery-2003	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Development Document for the Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Metal Products & Machinery Point Source Category, EPA-821-B-03-001, February 2003, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-11/documents/mp-m_dd_2003.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-05	Machining operations, cutting fluids, metal chips, rinsing, cleaning, spent fluids, and machining wastewater process decomposition