Derricks; cranes; mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a crane

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground manufacture of complete derricks, cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers, and works trucks fitted with a crane, from received materials and purchased components through fabrication, coating when performed, final assembly, factory acceptance testing, and release at the manufacturer's gate.

It excludes crane lorries as complete road vehicles, forklifts without a crane, lifting-equipment parts sold separately, installation and civil works at the customer site, repair services, use, maintenance, and end-of-life. A data package must identify the product family, structural configuration, rated lifting capacity, mobility and drive system, manufacturing site and year, coating route, and factory-gate state. The category breadth is handled by conditional atomic exchanges, not by averaging incompatible product variants.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.derricks-cranes-mobile-lifting-frames-straddle-carriers-and-works-trucks-fitted-with-a-crane
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43520 (un-cpc-3-0-2025)
covered_products	Complete derricks; fixed, mobile, bridge, gantry, tower and other cranes; mobile lifting frames; straddle carriers; non-road works trucks fitted with a crane
excluded_products	Crane lorries as complete road vehicles; forklifts and works trucks without a crane; separately sold crane parts; lifting-equipment manufacturing services; installation, repair and rental services
representative_product	A completed load-lifting or handling equipment item accepted after factory testing
production_route	Received metal products and purchased systems -> cutting/forming/machining -> structural joining -> surface preparation/coating when applicable -> final assembly and factory acceptance testing
market_state	Completed equipment at the manufacturer's gate, with included attachments and factory-supplied fluids declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture of completed equipment that provides the declared load-lifting or load-handling function
How much	1,000 kg of completed equipment at the manufacturer's gate
How well	Conforms to the declared product family, structural configuration, rated capacity, duty class, mobility and drive system, and has passed the manufacturer's acceptance criteria
How long or cycle	One completed factory-gate product; no operating life or lifting cycle is represented
reference_flow_link	p04_reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Derricks, cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a crane dc26f89f-da63-4bc3-bf19-8585b187a85d
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product family and model; structural configuration; rated lifting capacity and duty class; fixed, rail, tyre or crawler mobility; electric, hydraulic or internal-combustion drive; attachments included; factory-supplied fluid state; coating system; manufacturing site and geography; production year; factory gate

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, the product description, reference-flow comment, or an equivalent field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and mass-normalized exchanges	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all inventory results to 1,000 kg of completed accepted product; exclude temporary lifting fixtures and reusable factory tooling from product mass.
internal_mass_link	internal fabricated, welded and coated structures	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure each internal intermediate consistently at transfer; the receiving process quantity must equal the supplying process quantity after any explicitly recorded storage change.
energy_conversion	electricity and fuels	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered units and document conversion factors; report electrical-energy MJ separately from fuel-energy or fuel-mass records.
engine_count	diesel engines	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345	Item(s)	Record engine item count and separately retain engine mass, rated power and model in the foreground evidence so product variants are not averaged without disclosure.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_foreground_gate	all foreground processes	Include directly controlled cutting, forming, machining, joining, surface treatment performed by the manufacturer, final assembly, testing, on-site utilities, direct emissions, and generated wastes through factory-gate release.	jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025
sb_purchased_inputs	purchased materials, components, energy and treatment services	Record every purchased input as an atomic product or service link and require an upstream dataset matching material grade, component state, energy geography, and supplier technology.	uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025
sb_outsourced_operations	outsourced fabrication, coating or treatment	Keep outsourced operations visible: record the intermediate sent and received plus the contracted operation dataset; do not treat outsourced burdens as zero.	jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015
sb_excluded_life_cycle	installation, use, maintenance and end-of-life	Exclude post-gate installation, operation, maintenance and end-of-life from this manufacturing-gate package and disclose that exclusion; add them only in a separately declared lifecycle model.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	received metal products and purchased components at the manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	foreground manufacturing input gate
product_classification_scope	complete lifting equipment within the semantic boundary associated with CPC 3.0 43520
recursive_input_rule	a purchased complete CPC 43520 product used as an input remains a separately quantified product input with its own upstream dataset; it is not absorbed into the foreground reference product
upstream_dataset_requirement	supplier- and geography-matched datasets for received metal products, components, electricity, fuels, chemicals and external treatment services
disclosure	declare product family, included components and attachments, material grades, purchased-versus-made component split, coating route, drive system, outsourced steps, factory-supplied fluids and gate condition

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
p01_metal_preparation	Metal cutting, forming and machining	required		foreground fabrication	kg fabricated steel components transferred
p02_structural_joining	Structural joining	required		foreground fabrication	kg welded steel structure transferred
p03_surface_treatment	Surface preparation and coating	conditional	Include when blasting, chemical pretreatment, painting, galvanizing or another coating is performed within the declared foreground or by a contracted supplier.	foreground finishing	kg coated steel structure transferred
p04_assembly_testing	Final assembly and factory acceptance testing	required		foreground assembly and testing	1,000 kg accepted reference product

Process: Metal cutting, forming and machining (p01_metal_preparation)

This process covers conversion of received steel plate into shaped and machined structural components. The JRC fabricated-metal report identifies forming and removing processes, while the heavy-machinery study reports cutting steel sheet, bending and subsequent assembly (jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025).

Inputs

Product flows

Steel plate (p01_steel_plate)

Steel plate crosses the foreground boundary as the principal load-bearing material input.

• Selected flow: Steel Plate 421db3a5-394d-410b-8ebf-af23a37fc878
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass consumed, by steel grade and plate specification
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Electricity (p01_electricity)

Electrical energy operates the cutting, forming and machining equipment assigned to this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered cutting, forming and machining electricity, with allocation from shared meters when necessary
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Process water (p01_process_water)

Process water crosses the boundary only for a declared wet-machining or aqueous-cooling route.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured process-water input only when wet machining or aqueous cooling crosses the process boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015

Outputs

Product flows

Fabricated steel components (p01_fabricated_steel_components)

Accepted fabricated components leave metal preparation as an internal product transferred to joining.

• Selected flow: Fabricated steel components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass by component batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (p01_steel_scrap)

Segregated offcuts, chips and rejected components leave metal preparation as post-industrial steel scrap.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured segregated plate offcuts, machining chips and rejected steel components leaving the process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Process: Structural joining (p02_structural_joining)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated steel components (p02_fabricated_steel_components)

Fabricated steel components enter joining as the internal product received from metal preparation.

• Selected flow: Fabricated steel components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured input mass linked to p01_fabricated_steel_components
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Flux-cored wire (p02_flux_cored_wire)

Flux-cored wire crosses the process boundary as a welding consumable when that welding procedure applies.

• Selected flow: Flux Cored Wire 1b74a576-06e0-4764-97ce-11a73f8a4752
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wire issued minus returned wire when the declared welding procedure uses flux-cored wire
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Industrial oxygen (p02_industrial_oxygen)

Industrial oxygen enters only when it is consumed in a declared cutting or joining operation.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered oxygen at declared reference conditions when oxygen is used for cutting or joining
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_gas
• Sources:

Electricity (p02_electricity)

Electrical energy operates welding equipment and the process-specific extraction assigned to joining.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered welding and joining electricity, including extraction assigned to this process
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Outputs

Product flows

Welded steel structure (p02_welded_steel_structure)

The accepted welded load-bearing structure leaves joining as an internal product.

• Selected flow: Welded steel structure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass of accepted welded structure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Welding particulate matter to air (p02_welding_particulate)

Particulate matter generated by welding crosses the process boundary as a direct air emission after accounting for capture.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter from welding, emission to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack plus estimated uncaptured welding particulate, with capture efficiency and estimation method disclosed
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015

Process: Surface preparation and coating (p03_surface_treatment)

This conditional process records each performed finishing operation. The JRC source identifies finishing as a separate manufacturing group and highlights water, energy, consumables, emissions and hazardous or liquid waste; the heavy-machinery study identifies sandblasting, primer/coating, drying and waste paint (jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025).

Inputs

Product flows

Welded steel structure (p03_welded_steel_structure)

The welded structure enters the conditional surface-treatment process from structural joining.

• Selected flow: Welded steel structure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured input mass linked to p02_welded_steel_structure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Primer (p03_primer)

Primer crosses the boundary as one specific coating product applied to the declared structure.

• Selected flow: Primer e7084225-82a6-42d7-90e1-580a59a708cd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mixed primer consumed, net of returned unused material; declare chemistry and solids content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_material
• Sources: uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Process water (p03_process_water)

Process water enters aqueous cleaning, rinsing or coating preparation when those operations apply.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured water entering aqueous cleaning, rinsing or coating preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015

Sodium hydroxide (p03_sodium_hydroxide)

Sodium hydroxide enters as the active substance in an applicable alkaline-cleaning route.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: active sodium-hydroxide mass in alkaline cleaning solution added to the process
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_material
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015

Electricity (p03_electricity)

Electrical energy operates the applicable preparation, ventilation, coating and curing equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered blasting, ventilation, coating and curing electricity
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015

Natural gas in the gaseous state (p03_natural_gas)

Gaseous natural gas enters when directly burned for booth make-up air or coating cure.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural gas at declared reference conditions used for booth make-up air or coating cure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_gas
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015

Outputs

Product flows

Coated steel structure (p03_coated_steel_structure)

The accepted coated structure leaves surface treatment as an internal product transferred to assembly.

• Selected flow: Coated steel structure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass of accepted coated structure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Waste paint (p03_waste_paint)

Uncured paint residue and coating-contaminated material leave the process as one waste-paint exchange.

• Selected flow: Waste paint 877e5a04-76c8-4c5b-ac4c-062f5beeb2bd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured uncured paint residue and contaminated coating material leaving the process as waste
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources: jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (p03_fossil_co2)

Fossil carbon dioxide from direct on-site natural-gas combustion crosses the boundary as an air emission.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate direct fossil carbon dioxide from on-site natural-gas combustion using recorded fuel composition and carbon balance; exclude upstream fuel emissions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission
• Sources:

Process: Final assembly and factory acceptance testing (p04_assembly_testing)

Inputs

Product flows

Coated steel structure (p04_coated_steel_structure)

The coated structure enters final assembly only when the declared surface-treatment route applies.

• Selected flow: Coated steel structure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured input linked to p03_coated_steel_structure when foreground surface treatment is included
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Uncoated welded steel structure (p04_uncoated_welded_structure)

The welded structure enters final assembly directly only when foreground surface treatment is absent.

• Selected flow: Welded steel structure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured input linked directly to p02_welded_steel_structure only when foreground surface treatment is not performed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_transfer_mass
• Sources:

Electric motor (p04_electric_motor)

One installed electric-motor product crosses the assembly boundary for an applicable electric drive.

• Selected flow: Electric motor 014f80a3-c257-425b-9b75-3e5a18573695
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of purchased AC lifting or travel motors installed; declare rated power and motor class
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_component
• Sources: uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Hydraulic power unit (p04_hydraulic_power_unit)

One hydraulic power-unit product crosses the assembly boundary when hydraulic actuation applies.

• Selected flow: Hydraulic power unit
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of purchased hydraulic power units installed when the declared product uses hydraulic actuation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_component
• Sources:

Diesel engine (p04_diesel_engine)

One non-road diesel-engine product crosses the assembly boundary for an applicable internal-combustion drive.

• Selected flow: Diesel engine d3ac8612-80b9-4283-9439-62aa4986fce2
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: counted non-road diesel engines installed when the declared product uses an internal-combustion drive
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_component
• Sources: uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Diesel fuel (p04_diesel_fuel)

Diesel fuel crosses the process boundary only when it is consumed during factory acceptance testing.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured diesel issued and consumed only during factory acceptance testing; exclude post-gate operating fuel
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_factory_test
• Sources:

Electricity (p04_electricity)

Electrical energy operates final assembly, commissioning and electrical acceptance testing.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered final assembly, control commissioning and electrical acceptance-test energy
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy
• Sources: uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025

Outputs

Product flows

Completed accepted lifting equipment (p04_reference_product)

The accepted complete equipment leaves final assembly as the PCR reference product.

• Selected flow: Derricks, cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers and works trucks fitted with a crane dc26f89f-da63-4bc3-bf19-8585b187a85d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fixed normalization output after acceptance testing, including declared attachments and factory-supplied fluids
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (p04_fossil_co2)

Fossil carbon dioxide from diesel burned during factory testing crosses the boundary as a direct air emission.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate direct fossil carbon dioxide from diesel burned during factory testing using recorded fuel carbon content; exclude upstream fuel emissions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg completed accepted product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_subdivide_first	processes producing multiple equipment models or components	Subdivide by production order, work centre, batch, meter or operating time before allocating shared burdens.
al_physical_fallback	residual shared energy, water and consumables	When subdivision is infeasible, allocate by the causal physical driver documented for that resource, such as machine time, treated surface area, weld length, coating mass or accepted product mass.	jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015
al_scrap_no_avoided_burden	steel scrap and other recovered material leaving the gate	Record recovered material as a waste output with mass, quality and destination; do not subtract avoided primary production inside the foreground inventory.
al_economic_last_resort	inseparable co-products without a defensible physical relationship	Use economic allocation only as a last resort and disclose prices, currency, reference period, sensitivity and affected rows.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass	p01_metal_preparation; p02_structural_joining	plate and welding-consumable input	purchase, issue and return records	order; material id; grade; gross mass; returned mass; batch; product order	calibrated scale plus traceable material ledger	kg	per receipt and issue	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	all foreground work centres	consumed mass = issued mass - returned usable mass; normalize by accepted product mass	calibration record; material certificate; batch-to-order reconciliation
cp_process_energy	p01_metal_preparation; p02_structural_joining; p03_surface_treatment; p04_assembly_testing	process electricity	submeter and machine log	meter id; start/end reading; machine power; run time; idle time; product order	submetering; where unavailable, rated power multiplied by logged operating time with load factor documented	MJ	per batch or monthly meter period	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	all included foreground work centres	subtract documented non-production load, assign shared use by causal driver, convert to MJ and normalize	meter calibration; machine log; reconciliation to site bill
cp_process_water	p01_metal_preparation; p03_surface_treatment	process-water input	meter and bath record	meter id; volume or mass; source; bath id; make-up; discharge	submeter or calibrated tank change	kg	per batch or monthly	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	included wet processes	sum net water crossing each process boundary; document density conversion	meter calibration; bath ledger; water balance
cp_internal_transfer_mass	p01_metal_preparation; p02_structural_joining; p03_surface_treatment; p04_assembly_testing	internal intermediate	transfer and production-order record	order; component or structure id; sending process; receiving process; mass; time	calibrated scale or engineering mass verified by periodic weighing	kg	each transfer batch	complete production campaign	all linked foreground processes	reconcile sending and receiving quantities before normalization	scale calibration; order traveller; reconciliation report
cp_waste_mass	p01_metal_preparation; p03_surface_treatment	steel scrap and waste paint	waste container and dispatch record	waste id; container tare; gross mass; composition; hazard class; destination; date	calibrated scale at container closure or dispatch	kg	each dispatch	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	all included work centres and waste stores	net mass = gross - tare; assign by labelled source or documented mass balance	calibration; consignment note; waste classification
cp_process_gas	p02_structural_joining; p03_surface_treatment	oxygen and natural gas	meter or cylinder record	gas id; volume; pressure; temperature; opening/closing meter; returned cylinder	calibrated meter or cylinder mass/volume reconciliation	m3	per batch or monthly	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	included gas-consuming processes	convert to declared reference conditions and normalize	meter calibration; supplier record; reference-condition calculation
cp_coating_material	p03_surface_treatment	primer and alkaline cleaner	mixing and issue record	product id; batch; supplied mass; concentration; solids; mixed mass; returned mass; treated order	calibrated scale and formulation ledger	kg	each mix and coating batch	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	all included coating lines	calculate consumed product or active substance from issued-minus-returned mass and concentration	scale calibration; SDS; formulation; batch reconciliation
cp_purchased_component	p04_assembly_testing	installed motor, hydraulic unit and engine	bill of materials and installation record	component id; supplier; model; count; mass; rated capacity; product order	purchase/BOM reconciliation with periodic weighing	kg or Item(s)	each product order	complete production campaign	final assembly and included suppliers	sum installed quantities by exact component identity and normalize	supplier declaration; BOM; installation sign-off
cp_factory_test	p04_assembly_testing	acceptance-test diesel	issue and test log	product order; fuel batch; issued mass; returned mass; test start/end; test result	calibrated fuel issue meter or scale	kg	each test	complete production campaign	factory acceptance-test area	consumed mass = issued - recovered/returned fuel; exclude fuel remaining in declared product state	calibration; test record; fuel ledger
cp_direct_emission	p02_structural_joining; p03_surface_treatment; p04_assembly_testing	direct air emissions	monitoring and calculation record	source id; operating period; measured concentration and flow or fuel quantity/composition; capture efficiency; method	stack measurement or transparent mass-balance calculation from collected activity data	kg	each test campaign and reporting period	representative continuous 12-month period or complete production campaign	all direct foreground emission points	sum measured and calculated direct releases; exclude upstream emissions; normalize	accredited report or calculation sheet; instrument calibration; activity-data reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_mass	every non-reference inventory row	normalized quantity = process quantity / accepted product mass * 1,000 kg	collected process quantity; accepted product mass	row quantity per 1,000 kg reference product
calc_shared_energy	shared process electricity	assigned energy = metered period energy * documented causal driver for the product order / total driver in the meter period	meter readings; operating time, machine time or another justified driver	MJ assigned to the product order	uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025
calc_active_naoh	sodium-hydroxide input	active NaOH mass = solution mass added * measured or supplier-declared NaOH mass fraction	solution mass; concentration	kg active sodium hydroxide
calc_fossil_co2	direct fuel combustion	fossil CO2 = fuel mass or reference-condition volume * fossil carbon content * oxidation fraction * 44/12; disclose every factor and exclude upstream emissions	fuel record; composition; oxidation factor	kg fossil carbon dioxide to air
calc_mass_reconciliation	fabrication and assembly mass balance	received materials and components = accepted product + internal inventory change + wastes + quantified direct material losses, within documented measurement uncertainty	material, component, internal-transfer, waste and product mass records	reconciliation difference and completeness finding

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and components	Retain product model, configuration, rated capacity, drive type, attachments, BOM revision and accepted serial/order identifiers.	product specification; BOM; acceptance certificate
dq_temporal	foreground records	Use a representative continuous 12-month period or the complete production campaign; disclose shutdowns, prototypes and abnormal batches.	dated ledgers, meter series and production schedule
dq_completeness	all process rows	Reconcile mass, energy meters, purchased components, waste dispatches and direct emissions; explain every omitted applicable exchange.	reconciliation report and omission register
dq_geography_technology	upstream links	Match supplier geography, material grade, recycled content, electricity grid, fuel supply and component technology; disclose proxies.	supplier declarations and dataset metadata
dq_measurement	foreground measurements	Use calibrated instruments and retain unit conversions, meter coverage, allocation drivers, detection limits and uncertainty.	calibration certificates and calculation workbooks
dq_conditional_routes	coating, hydraulic and diesel routes	Mark each conditional process and exchange applicable or not applicable using documented product and routing evidence; never average absent routes into a product record.	routing sheet; product specification; process traveller

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
vr_reference_flow	reference product	Confirm exactly 1,000 kg of accepted factory-gate product and all required qualifiers; the UUID, mass property and kg unit must match the reference-flow definition.
vr_process_linkage	internal intermediates	Confirm every internal supplying row has an equal receiving row after declared inventory change and that only one coated or uncoated structural route feeds final assembly.
vr_atomic_inventory	all inventory rows	Confirm every selected flow is one physical, chemical, waste, energy or elementary exchange and that conditional applicability is explicit.
vr_mass_balance	fabrication and assembly	Run calc_mass_reconciliation; investigate differences outside documented measurement uncertainty and prohibit unexplained negative waste or material values.
vr_energy_boundary	electricity and fuels	Reconcile process energy to site bills, exclude post-gate operating energy, and keep electricity, natural gas and diesel as separate exchanges.	jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015; uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025
vr_direct_emissions	fossil CO2 and welding particulate	Confirm only direct foreground releases are reported; retain monitoring or carbon-balance evidence and exclude upstream supply-chain emissions.
vr_unresolved_evidence	UUID and range review gaps	Before publication, resolve each manifest UUID gap and either add a compliant two-source empirical range or retain a reviewed, explicit evidence need without inventing a range.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	unit_process
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Manufacturing-gate datasets for complete lifting equipment matching the declared product family, configuration, capacity, drive, coating route, geography, year and included components
excluded_use	Comparative claims between unlike crane types or capacities without functional equivalence; crane-lorry manufacture as a road vehicle; installation, operation, maintenance or end-of-life modelling without added lifecycle processes
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; reference-flow UUID; product family/model; rated capacity and duty class; mobility and drive; attachments; factory-supplied fluids; BOM revision; coating route; manufacturing site/geography/year; outsourced steps; allocation; data coverage
required_quality_disclosure	foreground period and coverage; instrument calibration; meter allocation; mass reconciliation; conditional-route decisions; upstream proxies; unresolved UUID/range evidence; uncertainty and data-quality assessment
update_trigger	material change in product design, capacity class, drive system, bill of materials, steel grade, coating route, manufacturing technology, supplier geography, energy mix, allocation method or foreground data period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-06-23; SHA-256 5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c)	Official CPC 43520 product-category identity and hierarchy only
jrc-fabricated-metal-products-2015	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Background document on best environmental management practice in the Fabricated Metal Products sector, December 2015, https://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/product-bureau/sites/default/files/inline-files/BEMP_FabMetProd_BackgroundReport.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Forming, removing, joining, finishing and assembly process decomposition; utilities, water, consumables, emissions and waste collection scope
uctug-et-al-heavy-machinery-2025	literature	Üçtuğ, F.G. et al., Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of heavy machinery manufacturing: a case study in Türkiye, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 30 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-025-02462-7 (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Original-text manufacturing sequence for cutting, bending, welding, blasting, painting, drying, purchased-component assembly, testing, steel scrap and waste paint; no quantitative range adopted