Buckets, shovels, grabs and grips for cranes, excavators and the like

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory-gate production of completed interchangeable load-engaging or excavating attachments: buckets, shovels, grabs and grips made for cranes, excavators and similar machinery. It applies to welded plate constructions and to products incorporating purchased cast or forged wear parts. It excludes the host machine, hydraulic actuators sold separately, quick couplers sold separately, bulldozer blades, generic replacement parts not constituting the completed attachment, use, maintenance, distribution and end-of-life.

The foreground starts with purchased plate, purchased finished cast or forged parts when used, welding consumables, process gases, coating and electricity at the manufacturing site. Upstream production of these purchased inputs must be represented by separate supplier or background datasets. The product leaves the boundary inspected and ready for delivery, with its coating state declared.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.buckets-shovels-grabs-and-grips-for-cranes-excavators-and-the-like
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43580
covered_products	Completed buckets, shovels, grabs and grips designed as attachments for cranes, excavators or similar machinery
excluded_products	Host machinery; standalone hydraulic actuators; standalone quick couplers; bulldozer blades; generic replacement parts; hand tools
representative_product	A welded alloy-steel excavator bucket with cutting edge and attachment interface
production_route	Purchased plate and optional purchased cast or forged wear parts; cutting and forming; welding and assembly; machining; optional protective coating; inspection
market_state	Finished attachment at factory gate, uncoated or coated as declared, without transport packaging unless packaging is explicitly added as an atomic flow

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide one completed load-engaging or excavating attachment compatible with the declared host-machine interface and intended material-handling duty
How much	1,000 kg net finished attachment mass
How well	Meets the declared drawing, material grades, rated capacity, interface dimensions, weld acceptance criteria and coating specification
How long or cycle	Factory-gate declared unit; service life is not normalized and must be disclosed separately if used downstream
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the net mass of conforming completed attachments released at final inspection

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Buckets, shovels, grabs and grips for cranes, excavators and the like; UUID unresolved
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	attachment family; host-machine make or interface standard; rated volume or gripping capacity; net finished mass; principal plate and wear-part grades; cutting edge and tooth configuration; welded, cast or hybrid construction; coating state and coating system; manufacturing site and period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use net mass of conforming completed attachments after final inspection. Exclude removable shipping supports and transport packaging. Normalize every inventory amount to 1,000 kg reference product.
energy_conversion	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity in its source unit and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not combine electricity with fuels or purchased heat.
gas_mass_basis	Industrial oxygen and carbon dioxide	Mass or source-record volume converted to mass	kg	Prefer supplier mass or cylinder mass difference. If volume is used, retain gas composition, pressure, temperature, reference conditions and the conversion factor.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased alloy-steel plate and, when used, purchased finished cast or forged wear parts and other listed consumables at the attachment manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate for cutting, forming, welding, assembly, machining, optional coating and final inspection
product_classification_scope	Completed machinery attachments corresponding to the semantic product boundary; classification mapping remains external to PCR identity
recursive_input_rule	A purchased completed attachment from this same category used as an input must remain a separately linked upstream product dataset and must not be recursively expanded inside this foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific datasets where available and otherwise geography-, technology- and product-state-representative background datasets for each purchased input
disclosure	Declare included manufacturing operations, outsourced operations, material grades, purchased-part content, coating route, scrap destination, site, geography, period and exclusions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	All foreground datasets	Include cutting, forming, welding, assembly, machining, applicable coating, final inspection, direct energy, listed consumables, generated steel scrap and measured direct releases from the manufacturing site. Keep steelmaking and production of purchased cast or forged parts upstream.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021; ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29; eu-jrc-smitheries-foundries-bref-2024
boundary_outsourcing	Outsourced operations	Include an outsourced operation when it produces the declared attachment before factory-gate release; identify the subcontractor process and do not omit its inputs, wastes or direct releases.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
boundary_additional_flows	Site-specific exchanges	Add every material, fuel, process gas, waste and elementary emission that physically crosses the declared boundary as a separate atomic row when present; do not replace these exchanges with an umbrella utility, waste or emissions label.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
integrated_attachment_manufacture	Integrated attachment manufacture	required	Always include; individual flow cards state route conditions	Foreground cutting, forming, welding, assembly, machining, optional coating and inspection	1,000 kg conforming completed attachment

Process: Integrated attachment manufacture (integrated_attachment_manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Alloy-steel plate (steel_plate)

Purchased structural and wear plate entering cutting and forming is recorded by grade and thickness.

• Selected flow: Steel Plate 421db3a5-394d-410b-8ebf-af23a37fc878
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass issued to the production orders, less documented unused plate returned unchanged to stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29

Purchased cast alloy-steel excavator bucket tooth (cast_alloy_steel_bucket_tooth)

Record this concrete bucket-tooth input only when a finished cast alloy-steel excavator bucket tooth is purchased and incorporated; UUID remains unresolved. Any adapter or other purchased part must be added as its own atomic row.

• Selected flow: Cast alloy-steel excavator bucket tooth; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass of bucket teeth incorporated into the production orders; zero only when the bill of materials demonstrates that no purchased cast bucket tooth is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29; eu-jrc-smitheries-foundries-bref-2024

Industrial oxygen for cutting (industrial_oxygen)

Record oxygen only for oxygen-assisted cutting used by the declared production orders.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: supplier delivery or submetered oxygen volume, with reference conditions retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product produced with oxygen-assisted cutting
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29

Flux-cored welding wire (flux_cored_wire)

Record flux-cored wire only when FCAW is used; other welding consumables must be added as separate atomic flows.

• Selected flow: Flux Cored Wire 1b74a576-06e0-4764-97ce-11a73f8a4752
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: issued mass minus sealed unused wire returned to stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product welded using FCAW
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29

Carbon-dioxide shielding gas (carbon_dioxide_shielding_gas)

Record welding-grade carbon dioxide only when it is supplied as shielding gas.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide 27f41c1c-535e-4d2a-bce9-2c7f4de11549
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: supplier mass or cylinder mass difference allocated to the production orders; document any volume-to-mass conversion
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product welded with carbon-dioxide shielding
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29

Industrial maintenance coating (industrial_maintenance_coating)

Record formulated protective coating only when applied before factory-gate release; formulation, solids content and VOC content are required qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Industrial Maintenance Coatings 46c99c8a-0ae9-4be8-972f-a2b9ab3baaf5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: mixed coating mass issued minus documented unused coating returned for reuse; separately account for disposed mixed coating as an added waste row
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg coated reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: eu-commission-pef-method-2021

Purchased electricity (electricity)

Record electricity consumed by included cutting, forming, welding, machining, coating and inspection operations.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: submetered consumption or production-share allocation from site meters, converted under energy_conversion
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: eu-commission-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Completed attachment reference product (reference_product)

The conforming net finished mass released by final inspection is the reference product; the exact TianGong product UUID is unresolved.

• Selected flow: Buckets, shovels, grabs and grips for cranes, excavators and the like; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference amount of 1,000 kg net conforming finished attachment
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Source rule (source_rule)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; eu-commission-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (post_industrial_steel_scrap)

Record offcuts, rejected steel components and machining steel scrap leaving the foreground boundary as waste; disclose internal reuse and external recovery destination separately.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass leaving the production orders after subtracting documented clean offcuts returned unchanged to stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integrated_manufacturing_records
• Sources: eu-commission-pef-method-2021

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Production records	Prefer production-order metering, weighing and direct assignment. Subdivide operations before applying allocation.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
allocation_shared_operations	Shared electricity and consumables	When separate metering is unavailable, allocate using a documented causal driver such as machine time, weld length, deposited weld mass, coating area or processed mass; do not default to revenue.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
allocation_scrap	Steel scrap	Report the full measured scrap output and destination. Do not subtract an avoided-primary-steel credit inside the foreground inventory; apply any recycling model only in the downstream life-cycle model and disclose it.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_integrated_manufacturing_records	integrated_attachment_manufacture	All listed input and output rows	Production orders, bills of materials, weigh tickets, stores issues and returns, gas delivery records, electricity meters, coating batch logs, scrap tickets and inspection release records	production_order_id; product_family; finished_mass_kg; plate_grade_mass_kg; cast_part_mass_kg; oxygen_m3; flux_cored_wire_kg; carbon_dioxide_kg_or_m3; coating_kg; electricity_kWh; scrap_kg; operating_hours; site; date	Reconcile material and utility records to released production orders and retain conversion factors and route flags	kg; m3; kWh; h	Per batch or production order, aggregated monthly	At least 12 consecutive representative months or the full campaign when production is shorter	All operations under operational control at the declared manufacturing site, including identified subcontracted operations	Sum each atomic exchange for conforming released production and normalize by total net conforming mass, with rejected units and stock returns reconciled	Calibrated meter records; supplier invoices; weigh tickets; signed production order; bill-of-material revision; coating batch sheet; scrap transfer ticket; inspection release

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_mass	All mass rows	normalized amount = included exchange mass / conforming net finished mass × 1,000	exchange mass; conforming finished mass	kg per 1,000 kg reference product	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
calc_electricity	electricity	electricity_MJ = included electricity_kWh × 3.6; normalized electricity = electricity_MJ / conforming net finished mass × 1,000	included electricity kWh; finished mass kg	MJ per 1,000 kg reference product	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
calc_gas_mass	industrial_oxygen; carbon_dioxide_shielding_gas	Use supplier mass directly; if only volume is available, convert with documented composition, pressure, temperature and reference-condition factor before normalization	gas mass or volume; conversion factor; finished mass	kg or m3 per 1,000 kg reference product as required by the selected flow property	eu-commission-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product	Match released production to drawing revision, attachment family, host interface, capacity, mass, material grades and coating state.	Bill of materials, drawing, inspection release and product data sheet
dq_completeness	Inventory	Reconcile plate, purchased parts, welding consumables, gases, coating, electricity, finished product and steel scrap; add any other physically present exchange as an atomic row.	Material balance, utility reconciliation and waste register
dq_temporal	Foreground data	Cover a representative continuous period and disclose shutdowns, rework campaigns, product-mix changes and abnormal batches.	Dated production and meter records
dq_technology	Conditional rows	Record route flags for purchased cast parts, oxygen-assisted cutting, FCAW, carbon-dioxide shielding and coating; do not report a conditional amount without the corresponding route.	Work instructions, machine logs, welding procedure and coating specification

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_flow	Dataset identity	Confirm that the reference output is exactly 1,000 kg net conforming completed attachment and that all required qualifiers are present.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; eu-commission-pef-method-2021
validate_inventory_coverage	Process inventory	Confirm that every physically present input, waste and direct elementary release is represented as one atomic exchange and that no umbrella utility, waste or emissions row is used.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
validate_mass_reconciliation	Material balance	Investigate any unreconciled difference between metal inputs and finished product, returned stock, steel scrap and other declared metal outputs; document scale and measurement effects.	eu-commission-pef-method-2021
validate_conditions	Conditional rows	Require route evidence for cast parts, oxygen, flux-cored wire, carbon dioxide and coating; a non-applicable row must be supported by the bill of materials or process route.	ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29; eu-jrc-smitheries-foundries-bref-2024
validate_uuid_status	UUID references	Treat unresolved reference_product and cast_alloy_steel_bucket_tooth UUIDs as review findings and never substitute a broader or mismatched TianGong flow.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground manufacturing dataset suitable for later publication as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review
downstream_use	Product-system modelling of factory-gate completed machinery attachments and aggregation into process or lifecyclemodel records
allowed_use	Studies whose attachment family, construction route, material grades, host interface, manufacturing geography, period and coating state are represented
excluded_use	Complete cranes or excavators; standalone couplers or hydraulic actuators; use-phase service; repair; distribution; end-of-life; products with materially different manufacturing routes unless separately modelled
required_metadata	PCR id; product family; reference mass; site and geography; period; technology route; material grades; purchased-part content; welding process; coating state; allocation drivers; data sources; unresolved UUID status
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; meter and weighing basis; temporal coverage; material-balance result; subcontracted operations; background dataset choices; data gaps; route-specific exclusions
update_trigger	Material change in product design, plate or wear-part grade, welding technology, coating system, supplier route, site energy mix, allocation method, production geography, or resolution of an unresolved UUID

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv, retrieved 2026-09-05	Official product classification identity
ssab-hardox-bucket-welding-techsupport-29	Handbook (handbook)	SSAB, Welding of cutting edge to bucket and adapters to cutting edge, TechSupport 29, https://www.ssab.com/-/media/files/en/hardox/brochures/29-hardox-welding-of-cutting-edge-to-bucket-and-adapters-to-cutting-edge.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-05	Bucket plate selection, joint preparation, welding methods and consumables
eu-jrc-smitheries-foundries-bref-2024	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Smitheries and Foundries Industry, 2024, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/smitheries-and-foundries-industry, retrieved 2026-09-06	Boundary for purchased cast or forged parts and upstream process disclosure
eu-commission-pef-method-2021	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, consolidated 30 December 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng, retrieved 2026-09-05	Functional unit, reference flow, system boundary, allocation, foreground data quality and validation