Stoppers, caps and lids (including crown corks), capsules for bottles, threaded bungs, bung covers, seals and other packing accessories, of base metal

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to unfilled stoppers, caps, lids, crown corks, bottle capsules, threaded bungs, bung covers, seals, and comparable packing accessories whose load-bearing or closure body is made of base metal. It covers steel or aluminium closure manufacture from purchased flat-rolled metal stock through blanking, press forming, conditional aqueous preparation, coating, printing, liner or sealing-compound application, curing, inspection, and the product at the factory gate.

The PCR excludes complete cans, drums, tanks, bottles and other containers; closures whose closure body is plastic, glass, cork, paperboard, or another non-metal material; filling and closing operations performed by the packer; manufacture of the packaged contents; distribution, use, opening, reuse, and end-of-life after the closure leaves the manufacturing gate. A polymer liner or gasket does not exclude a product when the closure body remains base metal. Purchased pre-coated or pre-printed stock is allowed, but the foreground package must prevent double counting between supplier and on-site operations.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.fabricated-metal-products-except-machinery-and-equipment.stoppers-caps-and-lids-including-crown-corks-capsules-for-bottles-threaded-bungs-bung-c-d6fc8692
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 42932 (exact classification context; mapping acceptance is governed separately)
covered_products	Base-metal crown corks, screw caps and lids, bottle capsules, threaded bungs, bung covers, seals, and other base-metal packing accessories, including products with polymeric liners or gaskets
excluded_products	Complete containers; non-metal closure bodies; filling/closing services; packaged contents; post-gate use and end-of-life
representative_product	A finished, inspected, unfilled base-metal closure ready to leave the manufacturing site
production_route	Purchased steel/tinplate or aluminium sheet/strip → blanking and press forming → conditional cleaning, coating and printing → conditional liner or sealing-compound application and curing → inspection
market_state	Dry, finished and unfilled at the factory gate; coating, liner, dimensions, compatibility specification, and unit mass declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide finished base-metal closure accessories that close, cover, seal, or secure a declared container opening
How much	1,000 kg of conforming finished closures at the factory gate
How well	Meets the declared dimensional, sealing, opening-torque or pressure-retention, corrosion-resistance, coating/liner compatibility, and food-contact requirements applicable to the product
How long or cycle	One manufacturing output at the factory gate; no use-life duration is assigned
reference_flow_link	finished_base_metal_closures_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Stoppers, caps and lids (including crown corks), capsules for bottles, threaded bungs, bung covers, seals and other packing accessories, of base metal 24a22981-bd1e-4c1a-bd64-78df94ef256a
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	closure subtype and opening interface; base-metal substrate, grade and thickness; coating/plating state; liner or gasket chemistry and mass; printing state; dimensions and mass per closure; recycled-content claim and accounting method; sealing, torque, pressure, corrosion and compatibility specification; food-contact status; purchased pre-finished stock and on-site finishing split; manufacturing geography, technology and reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	finished reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure dry mass of conforming closures leaving the gate. Exclude pallets, cartons and transport wrapping from the reference product mass and report them separately if they cross the boundary.
piece_to_mass_conversion	production records stated as pieces	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert counts with a product- and campaign-specific mean closure mass from a documented sample; retain sample size, weighing method and variability.
material_mass_basis	metal, coating, ink, liner, chemical, scrap and waste rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report as-received mass and separately disclose solids, moisture, solvent or active concentration when it changes material or emission balances.
electricity_energy_basis	purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered energy; when source records use kWh, convert with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and disclose voltage, grid mix, losses and delivery boundary.
natural_gas_volume_basis	gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State pressure, temperature, wet/dry basis and net calorific value used; do not combine gas volume with other fuels.
mass_balance_check	closure manufacturing	Mass	kg	Reconcile metal and liner inputs with conforming product, separately measured scrap, retained work-in-progress and other outputs for the declared period.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased base-metal sheet, strip, or pre-finished stock enters the closure-manufacturing site; its substrate grade, thickness, coating/printing state and supplier gate are declared
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing gate for conversion of purchased semi-finished metal into closures
product_classification_scope	Base-metal closure accessories represented by the reviewed semantic boundary; CPC 42932 is classification context, not canonical identity ownership
recursive_input_rule	If a purchased input is itself a finished base-metal closure within this category, record it once as a supplied product with an upstream dataset and exclude its already-completed manufacturing steps from the foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased metal, polymer, chemical, coating, ink, electricity, fuel and treatment service must link to a geographically and technologically representative upstream dataset or remain an explicit data gap
disclosure	Declare which forming, preparation, coating, printing, lining, curing, inspection and on-site treatment operations occur; identify purchased pre-coated/pre-printed stock and any excluded shared operations

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate_foreground	foreground closure manufacture	Include all on-site material and energy exchanges from receipt of purchased metal stock through conforming closure output, including rejects, direct emissions and wastes sent to treatment.	ep3663427b1-crown-cap; eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007; us-epa-metal-can-coating-background
boundary_conditional_finishing	purchased pre-finished stock	Include on-site cleaning, coating, printing and lining only when performed at the reporting site; otherwise require supplier datasets that include those operations and prevent double counting.	eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007; us-epa-metal-can-coating-background
boundary_packaging_exclusion	filling, distribution, use and end-of-life	Exclude filling with packaged contents and all post-factory-gate stages unless the study goal explicitly expands the system boundary; disclose any expansion separately.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_no_hidden_cutoff	foreground completeness	Do not omit a material, energy, waste or elementary exchange solely because its mass is small; document measured zero, not applicable status, or an explicit data gap.	eu-pef-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
closure_manufacturing	Base-metal closure forming and finishing	required	Always; individual cleaning, coating, printing, lining and direct-emission rows apply only when the declared route uses them	Foreground production from purchased metal stock to finished closures	1,000 kg conforming finished closures

Process: Base-metal closure forming and finishing (closure_manufacturing)

This aggregated foreground process covers the site route without creating artificial internal intermediate flows. Route-specific exchanges remain separate atomic rows and use explicit inclusion conditions.

Inputs

Product flows

Closure-grade tinplate steel sheet (tinplate_sheet_input)

Record this input only for a steel-body closure route. The selected exchange is closure-grade tinplate steel sheet as received, not generic steel, a finished can, or a collection of metals.

• Selected flow: Closure-grade tinplate steel sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplier receipt mass issued to the declared production campaign, corrected for returned unused stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Aluminium sheet exceeding 0.2 mm (aluminium_sheet_input)

Record this input only when the declared closure body uses aluminium sheet exceeding 0.2 mm. Do not use this UUID for aluminium foil or composite aluminium/copper stock.

• Selected flow: aluminium sheet 4f197be4-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplier receipt mass issued to the declared production campaign, corrected for returned unused stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Purchased electricity (electricity_input)

Record electricity delivered to presses, conveyors, preparation, coating, printing, liner forming, curing, inspection and directly attributable auxiliaries within the boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered electricity attributable to the declared closure production campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meters
• Sources: eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

Gaseous natural gas (natural_gas_input)

Record natural gas only when used directly for drying, coating or liner curing, thermal treatment, or emission control associated with the declared campaign.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or invoice-reconciled gas volume attributable to the declared campaign at stated reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

Process water for aqueous cleaning (process_water_input)

Record process water only when aqueous cleaning, rinsing or surface preparation is performed on site.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered make-up and rinse water crossing into the foreground process, excluding internally recirculated water counted more than once
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (sodium_hydroxide_input)

Record sodium hydroxide only when it is consumed in an on-site alkaline cleaning bath. Report solution concentration separately from active sodium-hydroxide mass.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Active sodium-hydroxide mass from purchase, dosing and bath make-up records attributable to the campaign
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Metal-forming lubricating oil (forming_lubricant_input)

Record the lubricating oil supplied to blanking and press-forming equipment when it crosses into the product process; exclude closed equipment oil that does not become attributable consumption during the period.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net lubricant make-up issued to the campaign after subtracting recovered reusable oil returned to stock
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Metal-packaging protective lacquer (protective_lacquer_input)

Record one declared protective lacquer formulation when it is applied on site. The formulation, solids content, carrier, food-contact status, application method and cured coating side must be stated.

• Selected flow: Metal-packaging protective lacquer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net as-supplied lacquer consumed, from opening and closing stock plus receipts minus recoverable return, with solids and volatile fractions disclosed
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_ink_liner_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007; us-epa-metal-can-coating-background

Lithographic metal-decorating printing ink (metal_decorating_ink_input)

Record one formulated ink applied on site for each declared print station and colour. Distinct formulations must remain separate foreground exchanges rather than an aggregated ink mixture.

• Selected flow: Lithographic metal-decorating printing ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net as-supplied ink consumed by the declared print station, with colour/formulation and volatile fraction disclosed
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_ink_liner_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

Polyethylene resin for in-house liner forming (polyethylene_liner_resin_input)

Record polyethylene only when the site forms a polyethylene-based liner from primary resin. Grade, additives and any separately purchased components must be individually disclosed in the foreground package.

• Selected flow: polyethylene f4dfd1a4-b24e-471e-bd21-04ad7a45ea52
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net resin issued to in-house liner forming for the declared campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_ink_liner_records
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

E-PVC resin for in-house plastisol compounding (epvc_resin_input)

Record E-PVC resin only when the site compounds a PVC plastisol liner internally. Plasticizers, stabilizers and other additives crossing the boundary must be reported as separate concrete foreground exchanges.

• Selected flow: polyvinylchloride resin (E-PVC) 4f19f121-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net E-PVC resin issued to the declared in-house plastisol batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_ink_liner_records
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Purchased PVC plastisol sealing compound (pvc_plastisol_compound_input)

Record purchased PVC plastisol only when a ready-to-use sealing compound crosses the site boundary; do not also record its upstream resin and additives as on-site inputs.

• Selected flow: PVC plastisol sealing compound
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net as-supplied compound consumed by the declared lining operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_ink_liner_records
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap; eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed for the foreground manufacturing process.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed beyond resources represented by purchased product flows. Any direct resource extraction at the site must be recorded as its own elementary flow.

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming finished base-metal closures (finished_base_metal_closures_output)

This is the quantitative reference output after inspection. The exact Tiangong Chinese baseName is used in the aligned Chinese rendering.

• Selected flow: Stoppers, caps and lids (including crown corks), capsules for bottles, threaded bungs, bung covers, seals and other packing accessories, of base metal 24a22981-bd1e-4c1a-bd64-78df94ef256a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1,000 kg of conforming finished closures at the factory gate
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Steel stamping scrap (steel_scrap_output)

Record steel skeleton, punched web, trim and rejected steel closure bodies as one ferrous scrap stream only when the steel route applies; do not mix aluminium or contaminated hazardous wastes into it.

• Selected flow: steel scrap 409ba088-e428-4cdf-a688-b5b4f074068d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed ferrous production scrap leaving the foreground process, net of verified internal same-quality reuse
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_and_waste_mass
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Aluminium stamping scrap (aluminium_scrap_output)

Record aluminium skeleton, punched web, trim and rejected aluminium closure bodies as a separate scrap stream only when the aluminium route applies.

• Selected flow: Aluminium Scrap 96c5f842-ea53-419b-b1cd-c02c479efb45
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed aluminium production scrap leaving the foreground process, net of verified internal same-quality reuse
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_and_waste_mass
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Wastewater from aqueous cleaning (cleaning_wastewater_output)

Record cleaning and rinse wastewater when it leaves the foreground process for on-site or off-site treatment. State the aqueous-cleaning origin, contaminants, measurement point and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cleaning f0402393-e82c-47e8-9cd8-a486c97f3e89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured wastewater mass at the transfer point, excluding recirculated water counted earlier in the process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_and_waste_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Waste oil from forming (waste_oil_output)

Record spent oil removed from blanking or forming equipment when it leaves for recovery or disposal. Do not combine coolant, solvent or aqueous bath waste with this row.

• Selected flow: Waste oil 2a68e97a-21fe-43f7-a86e-3e39b653e10a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed spent oil transferred from the declared process during the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_and_waste_mass
• Sources: ep3663427b1-crown-cap

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from direct natural-gas combustion (fossil_co2_to_air)

Record only direct fossil CO2 from natural gas burned inside the foreground boundary. Upstream grid or fuel-supply emissions remain in background datasets.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Direct measurement or calculation from metered natural gas using documented supplier composition, reference conditions, oxidation and carbon factors
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

Xylene (mixed isomers) to unspecified outdoor air (xylene_mixed_isomers_to_air)

Record this single chemical-mixture exchange only when the declared coating, ink or cleaning formulation contains commercial mixed-isomer xylene and site records quantify that mixture released after capture and control. Do not substitute an individual p-xylene flow for a mixed-isomer result.

• Selected flow: Xylene (mixed isomers) to air, unspecified
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack and fugitive mixed-isomer xylene release measured directly or calculated by a documented solvent mass balance after capture, destruction and recovery
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming finished closures
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-metal-can-coating-background; eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	shared lines and utilities	First subdivide meters, material issues, operating hours or equipment records so only exchanges attributable to the declared closures are included.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_then_other	unavoidable multifunctionality	If subdivision or system expansion is not feasible, use a demonstrated relevant physical relationship; use another relationship only when physical allocation is not defensible, and disclose the rejected options, formula, factors and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_scrap_no_automatic_credit	steel and aluminium scrap	Report scrap mass, composition, treatment destination and any revenue separately. Do not assign an avoided-primary-metal credit inside this foreground dataset unless the governing study method explicitly requires it.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipts	closure_manufacturing	metal stock and forming lubricant inputs	purchase receipts, stock issues and returns	material identity; supplier; batch; substrate/grade; thickness; coating state; opening stock; receipts; issued mass; returned mass; closing stock	Reconcile ERP/warehouse records to production campaign and physical inventory	kg	Per receipt and campaign; aggregate monthly	At least 12 consecutive representative months or full campaign for seasonal/custom production	All facilities and lines represented by the dataset	Net consumed mass = opening stock + receipts − closing stock − verified return; allocate shared consumption under section 7	Supplier specification, weighbridge/scale calibration, stock reconciliation and exception log
cp_energy_meters	closure_manufacturing	purchased electricity	interval or submeter readings	meter id; start/end reading; multiplier; kWh; line state; downtime; production mass; grid/voltage	Read calibrated meters and reconcile with invoice totals	kWh and MJ	At least monthly; campaign submetering preferred	Same representative period as product output	All included presses and finishing auxiliaries	Subtract documented non-production loads; convert kWh to MJ; normalize to conforming output	Meter calibration, invoice reconciliation and allocation worksheet
cp_fuel_records	closure_manufacturing	direct natural gas	meter and invoice records	meter id; gas volume; pressure; temperature; wet/dry basis; net calorific value; production mass	Reconcile site meter to supplier invoice and attributable equipment runtime	m3 and MJ	At least monthly	Same representative period as product output	All included direct-fired equipment and controls	Correct to stated reference conditions and normalize to conforming output	Meter calibration, invoice and supplier gas specification
cp_water_and_chemicals	closure_manufacturing	process water and sodium hydroxide	water meter, dosing and bath records	water meter readings; bath volume; make-up volume; sodium-hydroxide product mass; concentration; purge; recirculation; production mass	Meter make-up/rinse water and reconcile chemical dosing to inventory	kg	Per bath make-up and at least monthly	Same representative period as product output	All included cleaning and rinse stages	Count boundary-crossing make-up once; calculate active NaOH mass from product mass and concentration	Meter calibration, concentration test, dosing record and bath log
cp_coating_ink_liner_records	closure_manufacturing	coating, ink and liner materials	batch sheet and stock balance	formulation id; colour; solids; volatile fraction; opening/closing stock; receipts; returns; applied mass; recovered mass; product mass	Reconcile batch and warehouse records for each concrete formulation	kg	Per batch; aggregate by declared product	Same representative period as product output	Each included coating, printing and lining station	Calculate net as-supplied consumption separately for each formulation; prevent double counting of purchased compound and its upstream ingredients	Supplier SDS/specification, batch record, scale calibration and stock reconciliation
cp_product_and_waste_mass	closure_manufacturing	conforming product, metal scrap, wastewater and waste oil	production, quality, weighbridge and waste-transfer records	gross/net product mass; piece count; sample mass; rejects; scrap composition; wastewater mass; waste-oil mass; destination; transfer date	Weigh outputs at defined transfer points and reconcile with production records	kg	Per batch or transfer; aggregate monthly	Same representative period as inputs	All included lines and output destinations	Normalize each output to 1,000 kg conforming product; retain separate steel, aluminium, wastewater and oil streams	Scale calibration, quality release, waste manifest and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_direct_air_emissions	closure_manufacturing	direct fossil CO2 and mixed-isomer xylene	stack test, continuous monitor, solvent balance and fuel calculation	pollutant; emission point; measured concentration/flow; test period; formulation xylene content; capture/destruction/recovery; gas composition; oxidation factor; production mass	Use direct measurement where representative; otherwise documented fuel or solvent mass balance	kg	Per compliance test and monthly balance; update after material/control change	Representative operating period aligned with product output	All stacks and fugitive sources attributable to included operations	Sum controlled stack and fugitive releases without upstream electricity/fuel emissions; normalize to product mass	Laboratory accreditation, test method, control-efficiency evidence, supplier composition and calculation audit

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalized_exchange	every non-reference inventory row	normalized amount = period exchange × 1,000 / period conforming closure mass	period exchange; conforming product mass	exchange per 1,000 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_piece_mass	count-based product records	product mass = accepted piece count × campaign-specific sampled mean mass per closure	accepted count; sampled mean mass	kg conforming product	customs-union-tr-cu-005-2011
calc_active_naoh	sodium-hydroxide input	active NaOH mass = as-supplied solution mass × measured or supplier-certified NaOH mass fraction	solution mass; NaOH mass fraction	kg active NaOH
calc_fossil_co2	fossil CO2 from natural gas	Use direct measured fossil CO2; otherwise calculate from metered gas, supplier carbon content or validated emission factor, oxidation fraction and molecular-mass conversion, documenting every factor and reference condition	gas volume; reference conditions; composition/factor; oxidation fraction	kg fossil CO2
calc_xylene_mixed_isomers	mixed-isomer xylene to air	mixed-isomer xylene input in coating/ink/cleaner − xylene retained in product − recovered xylene − xylene transferred in wastes − xylene destroyed by control = mixed-isomer xylene released to air; include separately measured fugitives consistently	formulation records; stock balance; product/waste analyses; capture and destruction evidence	kg mixed-isomer xylene to air	us-epa-metal-can-coating-background; eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Declare closure subtype, substrate, thickness, coating/plating, liner/gasket, print state, dimensions, unit mass, compatibility application and conformity specification.	Product drawing, bill of materials, supplier specifications and quality-release record
dq_temporal_representativeness	all foreground data	Use at least 12 consecutive representative months unless a full campaign is more representative; explain shutdowns, trials, abnormal production and substitutions.	Period coverage table and exception log
dq_technology_geography	foreground and upstream links	Describe forming, coating, printing, lining, curing and control technologies and the manufacturing geography; justify all upstream dataset geography/technology matches.	Process map, equipment list and dataset-link register
dq_completeness_mass_balance	material inventory	Reconcile metal and liner material inputs to conforming product, scrap, retained work-in-progress and other outputs; investigate and disclose unexplained imbalance.	Signed mass-balance worksheet and stock reconciliation
dq_route_applicability	conditional rows	Mark each conditional flow applicable or not applicable with product and route evidence; zero is not a substitute for a missing applicability decision.	Bill of materials, routing, batch sheet and site interview
dq_uncertainty_and_gaps	calculated and allocated values	Disclose measurement uncertainty, allocation sensitivity, missing UUIDs, missing external ranges and any proxy upstream dataset.	Uncertainty register, allocation worksheet and data-gap log

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_output	reference flow	Confirm exactly 1,000 kg of conforming finished base-metal closures and verify that dispatch packaging is excluded from that mass.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_identity_and_qualifiers	product identity	Reject a data package missing any required reference-flow qualifier or mixing materially different substrate, liner or finishing routes without separate quantities.	un-cpc-3-0-2025; customs-union-tr-cu-005-2011
validate_atomic_inventory	inventory rows	Confirm that every reported exchange is one concrete product, waste or elementary flow and that steel/aluminium scrap, electricity/gas, and distinct liner materials remain separate.
validate_route_and_double_counting	conditional operations	Confirm that purchased pre-coated or pre-printed stock does not duplicate on-site coating or printing burdens and that purchased PVC compound is not double-counted with its upstream resin ingredients.	eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007; us-epa-metal-can-coating-background
validate_mass_and_energy	foreground balances	Reperform piece-to-mass, material-balance, kWh-to-MJ, gas-condition and normalization calculations from retained raw records.
validate_emission_scope	direct emissions	Confirm that fossil CO2 includes only on-site fossil combustion and that mixed-isomer xylene is reported only when formulation chemistry and environmental compartment match; do not include upstream electricity or fuel-supply emissions.	us-epa-metal-can-coating-background
validate_product_performance_metadata	declared conformity	Confirm that applicable sealing, torque, pressure, corrosion, coating/liner resistance and food-contact test requirements are identified; this PCR does not invent universal pass limits.	customs-union-tr-cu-005-2011

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground product-manufacturing dataset for one declared base-metal closure product or homogeneous product family
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review of representativeness and unresolved data gaps
allowed_use	Cradle-to-gate product studies, packaging-component inventories, supplier comparisons and downstream models whose closure specification and system boundary match
excluded_use	Complete container, filling or packaged-product claims; non-metal closure bodies; post-gate use/end-of-life claims; comparative assertions across unmatched closure functions, substrates, liners or performance specifications
required_metadata	PCR id/version; product and required qualifiers; site geography; technology; reference period; ownership; foreground/background dataset links; allocation; cut-offs; data gaps; uncertainty; review status
required_quality_disclosure	Meter and scale coverage; mass-balance result; route applicability; supplier-data quality; allocation sensitivity; control efficiency; unresolved UUID and range-evidence needs; deviations from this PCR
update_trigger	Material, coating, ink or liner formulation change; substrate/thickness change; new forming/curing/control technology; facility or grid change; allocation change; performance specification change; data older than the intended representativeness period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Official CPC 42932 classification identity
un-cpc-1-1-zh	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 1.1, Chinese edition, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/M_77ver1_1c.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Chinese classification terminology cross-check; the authored title uses professional current terminology while Tiangong UUID displays retain exact Tiangong Chinese baseNames
ep3663427b1-crown-cap	literature	EP3663427B1, Steel sheet for crown cap, crown cap, and method for producing steel sheet for crown cap, https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3663427B1/en (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Crown-cap steel substrate, blanking, press forming, liner attachment and liner-resin examples
eu-jrc-sts-bref-2007	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques on Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, August 2007, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2022-04/STS_Adopted082007.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Metal-packaging coating, printing and compound-lining process decomposition; energy, solvent and direct-emission collection scope
eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Surface Treatment of Metals and Plastics, August 2006, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/surface-treatment-metals-and-plastics (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Conditional aqueous surface preparation, water and chemical inputs, wastewater and associated activities
us-epa-metal-can-coating-background	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Surface Coating of Metal Cans: Background Information for Proposed Standards, EPA-453/R-02-009, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P1008FRH.TXT (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Applicability of can-end coating methods to metal crowns and closures; plant route variability; coating-related organic HAP/VOC scope
customs-union-tr-cu-005-2011	standard	Customs Union Technical Regulation TR CU 005/2011, On Safety of Packaging, official English translation hosted by the European Commission, https://food.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8a0639e9-5d76-46c6-a3eb-6a8f406081e8_en?filename=ia_eu-ru_sps-req_decision-769_16082011_en.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Closure performance, sealing, torque, pressure, corrosion, coating/liner resistance and food-contact qualifier categories; not empirical LCI ranges
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Product Environmental Footprint method, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Functional/reference-flow framing, system boundary, foreground data quality and multifunctionality hierarchy