Carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon of a kind used for electrical purposes

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for finished graphite or other carbon articles whose declared function is electrical conduction, current transfer, electrolysis, arc-light operation, or battery current collection. Covered products include carbon and graphite electrodes, electrical carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons, and comparable shaped electrical-carbon articles at the factory gate.

The PCR excludes graphite or carbon powder sold as battery active material, complete primary cells, batteries and accumulators, non-electrical graphite or carbon articles, carbon fibre articles, and upstream coke, pitch, graphite, or carbon-black products sold without the finished electrical function. Use-phase consumption, downstream installation, distribution, and end-of-life are outside the default boundary. Product packaging is outside the reference product and must be modelled separately if the study goal includes it.

The category contains materially different formulations and heat-treatment routes. A conforming data package shall declare one actual product family and one actual production route; it shall not average carbon electrodes, brushes, lamp carbons, and battery carbons merely because they share CPC 46950.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.carbon-electrodes-carbon-brushes-lamp-carbons-battery-carbons-and-other-articles-of-gra-a6c41597
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46950, exact classification context; the classification coordinate does not replace the semantic boundary
covered_products	Finished carbon or graphite electrodes; electrical carbon brushes; lamp carbons; battery carbons supplied as shaped electrical articles; other finished graphite or carbon articles made for electrical purposes
excluded_products	Graphite or carbon powder sold as battery active material; complete cells, batteries, accumulators, or electrical machines; non-electrical carbon articles; upstream coke, pitch, graphite, and carbon black; use, installation, distribution, end-of-life, and product packaging unless separately added by the study
representative_product	One declared finished electrical-carbon article from the covered product family, meeting its sale specification
production_route	Product-specific blending and forming followed by thermal consolidation; pitch impregnation and rebaking when used; graphitization when used; machining and attachment assembly when supplied with the article
market_state	Finished, quality-released, unpackaged factory-gate article; product family, grade, dimensions, density, electrical properties, metal content, and surface/attachment state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide a finished graphite or other carbon article that performs the declared electrical conduction, contact, electrolysis, arc-light, or battery-current-collection function
How much	1 kg net mass of quality-released finished article, excluding separate packaging
How well	Meets the declared product-family specification for grade, dimensions, apparent density, electrical resistivity or conductivity, mechanical integrity, metal content, and attachment or surface state
How long or cycle	One factory-gate production batch; no equal service life or duty cycle is implied, and comparative use claims require a separately defined performance- and lifetime-equivalent functional unit
reference_flow_link	reference_product output from machining_and_assembly

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net finished product
Reference product flow	Finished electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product family; carbon or graphite grade; natural/artificial graphite and coke feedstock classes; binder system; metal type and mass fraction; graphitized or non-graphitized route; impregnation count; nominal dimensions; net finished mass; apparent density; declared electrical property and test method; attachment and surface state; recycled carbon content; manufacturing site and geography; reference year; packaging exclusion

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and all carbonaceous material transfers	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use dry or as-received mass consistently. Declare moisture and volatile-matter basis when either affects the recipe or mass balance. Exclude removable packaging, pallets, and transport fixtures from the 1 kg reference product.
electricity_energy	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity by stage where submetering exists. Convert kWh to MJ using exactly 3.6 MJ per kWh and disclose grid geography, voltage, losses, and whether on-site generation is separately modelled.
gas_volume_conditions	Gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report metered volume at the declared temperature and pressure, and retain supplier composition or heating-value records. Do not substitute a generic energy carrier or silently mix reference conditions.
water_mass_conversion	Process water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	If water is metered by volume, convert using a measured or documented density for the metering conditions and retain the volume, density, temperature, and conversion record.
wastewater_volume	Wastewater	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report volume at the discharge or treatment-transfer point and disclose composition, suspended carbon, treatment state, and destination. Do not equate wastewater volume with process-water input without a measured balance.

5. System Boundary

The default study is cradle-to-factory-gate. Foreground collection begins when purchased carbonaceous feedstocks, binders, metals, water, and energy cross the manufacturing-site boundary and ends when the declared finished article is quality released. Upstream production and transport of every purchased input are represented by compatible upstream datasets. Foreground includes blending, forming, required thermal consolidation, conditional impregnation/rebaking, conditional graphitization, machining, attachment assembly, internal recycling, direct emissions, and wastes. Packaging, distribution, use, installation, and end-of-life are excluded unless explicitly added outside this reference flow.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gate	Product system and purchased inputs	Include upstream production and inbound transport for each purchased feedstock, binder, metal, water, fuel, and electricity flow; include all foreground manufacturing stages through quality release of the unpackaged product.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method; usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009
boundary_route_declaration	Product-family and technology variants	Declare the actual product family, formulation, thermal route, impregnation count, graphitization technology, machining, and attachments. Include conditional stages only when performed; never average absent stages as zero without declaring route applicability.	mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide; resonac-graphite-electrode-process
boundary_direct_emissions	Foreground combustion and carbonization	Record direct site emissions and wastes at their physical boundary. The fossil-carbon-dioxide rows cover only direct foreground emissions; upstream power- and fuel-supply emissions remain in their upstream datasets and shall not be duplicated.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method
boundary_packaging_exclusion	Reference product and downstream additions	Exclude removable sale and transport packaging from the 1 kg reference product. If packaging is required by the study goal, add each packaging component as a separate atomic flow outside this PCR reference product and disclose the extension.	usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased carbonaceous feedstocks, binders, metallic additions or attachments, process water, and delivered energy at the manufacturing-site gate; supplier product state and upstream coverage declared
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing input boundary for the finished electrical-carbon article
product_classification_scope	Finished electrical-purpose graphite or other carbon articles within the semantic boundary represented by CPC 3.0 code 46950
recursive_input_rule	A purchased article already within this finished-product category is recorded as a distinct input only when it physically enters the foreground product; do not recurse into this PCR. Link a compatible upstream dataset and disclose the purchased article, mass, grade, and supplier gate. Site-internal green, heat-treated, rebaked, and graphitized articles are internal transfer rows and receive no upstream burden.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use geography-, technology-, product-state-, and reference-year-compatible upstream datasets for every purchased input. Preserve supplier-specific data where available and reject a dataset whose flow property or unit group cannot be reconciled without a documented conversion.
disclosure	Declare product family, grade, formulation, metal content, recycled content, all included and absent conditional stages, furnace and graphitization technology, energy supply, site geography, data period, allocation, internal recycling, direct-emission method, wastewater treatment state, attachment scope, and packaging exclusion.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
material_preparation_and_forming	Material preparation and forming	required	Always include for the declared finished electrical-carbon article; individual formulation inputs apply only when actually used	Foreground recipe preparation, size reduction, mixing, compaction or extrusion	Net kg formed green article transferred toward 1 kg finished product
thermal_consolidation	Thermal consolidation or resin cure	required	Include the actual baking, carbonization, sintering, or resin-polymerization route used to make a mechanically coherent article	Foreground thermal processing	Net kg heat-treated article transferred toward 1 kg finished product
pitch_impregnation_and_rebaking	Pitch impregnation and rebaking	conditional	Include when a heat-treated article is impregnated with pitch and rebaked one or more times	Foreground densification	Net kg rebaked article per 1 kg finished product
graphitization	Graphitization	conditional	Include when the declared product is graphitized after heat treatment or rebaking	Foreground high-temperature conversion	Net kg graphitized article per 1 kg finished product
machining_and_assembly	Machining, quality release, and attachment assembly	required	Include the actual finishing steps; copper wire is included only when supplied as part of the finished article	Foreground finishing and product release	1 kg net quality-released finished product

Process: Material preparation and forming (material_preparation_and_forming)

Inputs

Product flows

Needle-coke aggregate (needle_coke_input)

Record purchased needle coke only for a formulation that actually uses it; retain grade, calcination state, particle-size specification, supplier, moisture, and volatile matter.

• Selected flow: Needle coke (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dry or as-received mass charged to accepted production lots, net of documented returned material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009

Natural-graphite feedstock (natural_graphite_input)

Record purchased natural graphite powder only for grades that use it; do not substitute graphite ore for beneficiated or grade-ready powder.

• Selected flow: Natural graphite powder (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass charged to accepted production lots on the declared moisture basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Artificial-graphite feedstock (artificial_graphite_input)

Record purchased artificial graphite for brush, lamp-carbon, battery-carbon, or other formulations that use externally supplied graphitized material.

• Selected flow: Graphite 46bbb7c0-ba7d-4cb6-a1cd-00ff0b7c4baa
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass charged to accepted production lots on the declared grade and purity basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Carbon-black feedstock (carbon_black_input)

Record carbon black only when it is a discrete purchased formulation input; declare grade and particle characteristics.

• Selected flow: Carbon Black dee14a4f-c02b-4bf5-affc-9e66b1d9a8ce
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass charged to accepted production lots
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Coal-tar-pitch binder (coal_tar_pitch_binder)

Record coal-tar pitch used as a formulation binder separately from impregnation pitch; retain softening point, supplier specification, and as-received mass.

• Selected flow: Coal-tar pitch (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass incorporated into accepted green-mix batches
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009

Phenolic-resin binder (phenolic_resin_binder)

Record thermosetting phenolic resin only for resin-bonded grades; retain formulation, solids content, catalyst or cure system, and supplier grade.

• Selected flow: Phenolic resin 9f10798f-ffb5-402d-b805-27d2db4e2caf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured as-received resin mass charged to accepted production lots
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Copper-powder addition (copper_powder_input)

Record metallic copper powder only for metal-graphite formulations that use it; do not substitute copper slag, copper salts, wire, or other product forms.

• Selected flow: Copper powder (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass charged to accepted metal-graphite production lots
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_purchased_material_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Forming electricity (electricity_forming)

Record purchased electricity used by milling, screening, mixing, conveying, pressing, extrusion, ventilation, and directly attributable dust collection.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: stage-submetered electricity or an auditable equipment-time allocation from the site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_electricity
• Sources:

Forming-process water (process_water_forming)

Record process water only when it crosses the boundary for mixing, forming, cooling, or direct dust control in this stage; cooling water in a closed loop is recorded only as net make-up.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net make-up water attributable to accepted production lots
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Formed green electrical-carbon article (formed_green_article)

Record the net mass of accepted formed green article transferred to thermal consolidation; this internal intermediate carries no additional upstream dataset.

• Selected flow: Formed green electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net accepted mass transferred after forming and before thermal consolidation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Waste flows

Forming carbonaceous dust (forming_carbon_dust)

Record collected solid carbonaceous dust leaving the forming process; material returned internally is an internal transfer, not waste output.

• Selected flow: Carbonaceous forming dust (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dust mass sent to external treatment or disposal, net of documented internal return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon_waste_mass
• Sources:

Forming carbonaceous offcuts (forming_carbon_offcuts)

Record discrete carbonaceous screening rejects and forming offcuts that leave the process; do not combine their mass with collected dust.

• Selected flow: Carbonaceous forming offcuts (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured offcut mass sent to external treatment or disposal, net of documented internal return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon_waste_mass
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Thermal consolidation or resin cure (thermal_consolidation)

Inputs

Product flows

Green article transferred to thermal consolidation (green_article_to_thermal)

Record the site-internal formed article entering the declared baking, carbonization, sintering, or polymerization cycle.

• Selected flow: Formed green electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass loaded to the thermal cycle
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Natural gas for thermal consolidation (natural_gas_thermal)

Record gaseous natural gas only when combusted for the declared thermal cycle; declare metering reference conditions and exclude gas used by unrelated site operations.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured stage gas volume at declared temperature and pressure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_natural_gas
• Sources:

Thermal-consolidation electricity (electricity_thermal)

Record purchased electricity used by furnaces, controls, ventilation, material handling, and directly attributable pollution controls in this stage.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: stage-submetered electricity or an auditable equipment-time allocation from the site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_electricity
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Heat-treated electrical-carbon article (heat_treated_article)

Record the accepted baked, carbonized, sintered, or resin-cured article transferred to impregnation, graphitization, or finishing according to the declared route.

• Selected flow: Heat-treated electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net accepted mass after the declared thermal cycle
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from thermal consolidation (fossil_co2_thermal)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide from on-site fuel combustion and process-carbon release attributable to this stage. Do not include upstream electricity emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured direct stack release or calculated from collected fuel and process-carbon records under calc_direct_fossil_co2
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_fossil_co2
• Sources:

Process: Pitch impregnation and rebaking (pitch_impregnation_and_rebaking)

Inputs

Product flows

Heat-treated article transferred to impregnation (heat_treated_article_to_impregnation)

Record the site-internal heat-treated article entering pressure or vacuum pitch impregnation.

• Selected flow: Heat-treated electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass loaded to all impregnation cycles attributable to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009

Coal-tar-pitch impregnant (coal_tar_pitch_impregnant)

Record coal-tar pitch consumed during impregnation separately from the original formulation binder; retain supplier grade and all repeated-cycle additions.

• Selected flow: Coal-tar pitch (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured as-received mass consumed across all declared impregnation cycles, net of recovered pitch returned to the same process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_impregnation_material_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process; usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009

Natural gas for rebaking (natural_gas_rebaking)

Record gaseous natural gas only when combusted for rebaking after impregnation.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured rebaking-stage gas volume at declared temperature and pressure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_natural_gas
• Sources:

Impregnation and rebaking electricity (electricity_impregnation_rebaking)

Record electricity used by pitch handling, vacuum or pressure systems, rebaking furnaces, ventilation, and directly attributable controls.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: stage-submetered electricity or an auditable equipment-time allocation from the site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_electricity
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Rebaked electrical-carbon article (rebaked_article)

Record accepted impregnated and rebaked article after all declared cycles.

• Selected flow: Rebaked electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net accepted mass after the last rebaking cycle
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from rebaking (fossil_co2_rebaking)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide from rebaking fuel combustion and impregnating-pitch carbonization; exclude upstream electricity emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured direct stack release or calculated from collected fuel and process-carbon records under calc_direct_fossil_co2
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_fossil_co2
• Sources:

Process: Graphitization (graphitization)

Inputs

Product flows

Heat-treated article transferred directly to graphitization (heat_treated_article_to_graphitization)

Record this internal transfer only when graphitization follows heat treatment without pitch impregnation.

• Selected flow: Heat-treated electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass loaded to graphitization from the non-impregnated route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process

Rebaked article transferred to graphitization (rebaked_article_to_graphitization)

Record this internal transfer only when graphitization follows pitch impregnation and rebaking.

• Selected flow: Rebaked electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured rebaked-article mass loaded to graphitization
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process

Graphitization electricity (electricity_graphitization)

Record electrical energy used for resistance or direct Joule heating, furnace auxiliaries, cooling, ventilation, and directly attributable controls.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: graphitization-stage submetered electricity or an auditable furnace-batch allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_electricity
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Graphitized electrical-carbon article (graphitized_article)

Record the accepted graphitized blank transferred to machining and assembly.

• Selected flow: Graphitized electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net accepted mass after graphitization and cooling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Machining, quality release, and attachment assembly (machining_and_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Non-graphitized heat-treated article transferred to finishing (heat_treated_article_to_finishing)

Record this internal input only for routes that proceed from thermal consolidation directly to finishing.

• Selected flow: Heat-treated electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred to finishing from the non-impregnated, non-graphitized route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Rebaked non-graphitized article transferred to finishing (rebaked_article_to_finishing)

Record this internal input only when the product is impregnated and rebaked but not graphitized.

• Selected flow: Rebaked electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured rebaked-article mass transferred to finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Graphitized article transferred to finishing (graphitized_article_to_finishing)

Record this internal input only for graphitized products.

• Selected flow: Graphitized electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured graphitized-article mass transferred to finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_intermediate_mass
• Sources: resonac-graphite-electrode-process

Copper-wire attachment (copper_wire_attachment)

Record copper lead or shunt wire only when it is supplied as part of the finished electrical-carbon article; declare alloy, cross-section, insulation, and attachment method.

• Selected flow: copper wire da2d966d-fe62-44dc-ba0f-b1cd7c7cf33e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net wire mass incorporated into accepted finished articles
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_material_mass
• Sources: mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide

Finishing electricity (electricity_finishing)

Record purchased electricity used by sawing, turning, milling, drilling, grinding, quality testing, attachment assembly, ventilation, and directly attributable dust collection.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: stage-submetered electricity or an auditable equipment-time allocation from the site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_electricity
• Sources:

Finishing-process water (process_water_finishing)

Record process water only for wet machining, washing, or wet dust control; closed-loop coolant is represented by net make-up crossing the boundary.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net make-up water attributable to accepted finished articles
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Quality-released finished electrical-carbon article (reference_product)

This is the reference product. Record net quality-released mass without removable packaging and preserve the declared product-family and performance qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Finished electrical-carbon article (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net quality-released finished article as the normalization output
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_reference_product_mass
• Sources: eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method

Waste flows

Machining carbonaceous dust (machining_carbon_dust)

Record collected carbonaceous machining dust leaving the site for treatment or disposal; separately account for material returned internally.

• Selected flow: Carbonaceous machining dust (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dust mass sent to external treatment or disposal, net of documented internal return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon_waste_mass
• Sources:

Machining carbonaceous offcuts (machining_carbon_offcuts)

Record discrete carbonaceous swarf and rejected machined offcuts leaving the site; do not combine their mass with collected dust.

• Selected flow: Carbonaceous machining offcuts (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured offcut mass sent to external treatment or disposal, net of documented internal return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon_waste_mass
• Sources:

Wastewater from wet machining or dust control (machining_wastewater)

Record wastewater only when wet machining, washing, or wet dust control generates a liquid waste crossing the treatment or discharge boundary.

• Selected flow: Wastewater ba1c2ea5-0ea3-4981-a893-45a0650fea62
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured wastewater volume transferred to on-site treatment, off-site treatment, or discharge
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished electrical-carbon article
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_volume
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Shared equipment, furnaces, pollution controls, and multi-product lines	First obtain product- and stage-specific records or subdivide by meter, batch, equipment time, or another causal operating record. System expansion may be used only when the additional function and substituted system are demonstrated and disclosed.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method
allocation_physical_relationship	Unavoidable shared burdens	If subdivision or system expansion is not feasible, use a measured physical relationship causally connected to the shared burden, such as furnace occupancy-time-energy, processed mass, or machine time. Document the numerator, denominator, co-products, and allocation period.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method
allocation_other_relationship	Burdens without a defensible physical relationship	Economic or another relationship is permitted only after documenting why subdivision, system expansion, and physical allocation are infeasible. Report the prices, reference period, currency basis, allocation shares, and sensitivity to the next plausible method.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method
allocation_internal_recycling	Carbon dust, offcuts, pitch, and internal intermediates returned within the site	Treat same-site return as an internal transfer: subtract it from external waste and new purchased input only through a transparent mass balance. Do not award an avoided-production credit or count the same returned mass as both waste and input.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_purchased_material_mass	material_preparation_and_forming	Purchased needle coke, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, coal-tar-pitch binder, phenolic resin, and copper powder	Scale tickets, batch recipes, inventory issues, supplier certificates	material identity; supplier; lot; gross mass; tare; net mass; moisture or solids; returned mass; accepted output lot	Reconcile calibrated scales and recipe issues to accepted production lots	kg	Each batch, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative consecutive months or the complete campaign for campaign products	All production lines and shifts making the declared product	Sum net charged mass less documented same-process return; divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Scale calibration; signed batch record; supplier certificate; inventory reconciliation; mass-balance variance
cp_stage_electricity	all foreground manufacturing processes	Purchased electricity by process stage	Utility meter and stage submeter records; furnace or equipment runtime where allocation is necessary	meter id; start/end readings; unit; process stage; batch; runtime; allocation driver; on-site generation; exported energy	Prefer stage submeters; otherwise allocate site electricity using auditable causal equipment or furnace records	kWh and MJ	Continuous or each batch, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative consecutive months or the complete campaign	All included lines, utilities, and directly attributable controls	Subtract exported and unrelated electricity; convert kWh to MJ by 3.6; allocate and divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Meter calibration; utility invoices; submeter coverage map; allocation reconciliation
cp_process_water	material_preparation_and_forming; machining_and_assembly	Process-water input and net closed-loop make-up	Calibrated water meters, tank records, or supplier invoices	meter id; volume or mass; temperature; density if converted; purpose; process; recirculation; blowdown; batch	Meter net water crossing the process boundary and reconcile recirculation	kg	Continuous or daily, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative consecutive months or the complete campaign	All included wet forming, cooling, washing, machining, and dust-control operations	Convert only with documented density; exclude recirculated volume; divide net make-up by net accepted reference-product mass	Meter calibration; water balance; density record; invoice reconciliation
cp_internal_intermediate_mass	all foreground manufacturing processes	Green, heat-treated, rebaked, and graphitized internal article transfers	Batch traveller, calibrated scale, production execution record	product family; lot; stage; gross mass; tare; accepted mass; reject mass; destination; cycle count	Weigh accepted internal transfers at each declared stage	kg	Each batch	Complete production campaign or representative 12-month period	Every included process stage	Sum accepted transfer mass by route and reconcile stage inputs, outputs, rejects, and work in progress	Scale calibration; batch genealogy; route reconciliation; signed release record
cp_carbon_waste_mass	material_preparation_and_forming; machining_and_assembly	Carbon/graphite dust and offcuts leaving the site	Waste container scale ticket, manifest, internal return record	waste identity; composition; source stage; gross/tare/net mass; destination; treatment; internal return	Weigh each external waste movement and reconcile same-site return separately	kg	Each shipment, aggregated monthly	Same period as production data	All included dust collectors, screening rejects, offcuts, and machining rejects	Sum external net waste; exclude documented internal return; divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Scale ticket; waste manifest; composition evidence; internal return ledger; mass balance
cp_stage_natural_gas	thermal_consolidation; pitch_impregnation_and_rebaking	Gaseous natural gas combusted by included furnaces	Stage gas meters, supplier invoices, furnace batch logs	meter id; volume; temperature; pressure; heating value; composition; furnace; batch; start/end readings	Prefer stage metering and reconcile to supplier totals	m3	Each batch or continuous, aggregated monthly	At least 12 representative consecutive months or the complete campaign	All included thermal and rebaking furnaces	Sum volume at one declared reference condition; allocate by causal furnace record; divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Meter calibration; supplier statement; reference-condition conversion; invoice reconciliation
cp_impregnation_material_mass	pitch_impregnation_and_rebaking	Coal-tar-pitch impregnant	Tank receipts, issue records, batch logs, recovery records	pitch grade; lot; gross input; recovered return; disposal; impregnation cycle; treated article mass	Reconcile pitch tank and batch records for all cycles	kg	Each impregnation batch	Complete included impregnation campaign	All impregnation and pitch-recovery systems serving the declared product	Sum purchased mass consumed net of documented same-process return; divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Tank calibration; supplier certificate; cycle log; pitch balance
cp_direct_fossil_co2	thermal_consolidation; pitch_impregnation_and_rebaking	Direct fossil carbon dioxide	Validated stack measurement or fuel and process-carbon balance	stack flow and concentration or fuel volume; fuel carbon content; oxidation factor; pitch/resin carbon input; retained carbon; measured carbonaceous waste; period	Use validated direct measurement where representative; otherwise apply the documented site carbon-balance calculation	kg	Each test and monthly calculation	Same representative production period as activity data	All included stacks and fugitive capture points; exclude upstream supply emissions	Apply calc_direct_fossil_co2, allocate only by documented causal records, and divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Test report; instrument calibration; fuel certificate; carbon balance; independent reconciliation
cp_finishing_material_mass	machining_and_assembly	Copper wire incorporated into finished articles	Bill of materials, issue records, finished-part weights	wire grade; alloy; insulation; gross issue; return; scrap; accepted articles; attachment method	Reconcile bill of materials and net issues to accepted finished lots	kg	Each batch, aggregated monthly	Complete campaign or representative 12-month period	All assembly lines for the declared product	Sum incorporated mass net of return and scrap; divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Supplier certificate; scale calibration; bill-of-material revision; issue-return reconciliation
cp_reference_product_mass	machining_and_assembly	Quality-released finished product	Calibrated final scale and quality-release records	lot; product family; grade; gross mass; tare; net mass; rejects; packaging mass; release status	Weigh unpackaged accepted product and reconcile rejects and packaging separately	kg	Each released lot	Complete campaign or representative 12-month period	All included finishing and release lines	Sum net quality-released mass excluding removable packaging; set normalized output to exactly 1 kg	Scale calibration; quality certificate; packaging tare; batch reconciliation
cp_wastewater_volume	machining_and_assembly	Wastewater from wet machining, washing, or wet dust control	Calibrated effluent meter, tank transfer, treatment record	volume; temperature; process origin; suspended carbon; treatment state; destination; sampling result	Meter at transfer to treatment or discharge and sample according to the site control plan	m3	Continuous or each transfer, aggregated monthly	Same period as production data	All included wet-finishing discharge points	Sum process-attributable wastewater volume and divide by net accepted reference-product mass	Meter calibration; water balance; transfer record; analytical report; treatment receipt

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference_mass	Every inventory row	Normalized amount = period quantity attributable to the declared product divided by net kg of quality-released unpackaged reference product in the same period	Attributable flow quantity; net accepted reference-product mass	Flow amount per 1 kg reference product
calc_electricity_mj	Electricity rows	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6; do not apply a heating-value factor to electricity	Metered kWh	Purchased electricity in MJ
calc_internal_mass_balance	Internal intermediates and carbon waste	Purchased carbonaceous and metallic input mass = finished product + externally transferred waste + direct measured mass releases + closing work in progress − opening work in progress − documented internally returned mass adjustment; investigate rather than force-close material gaps	Purchased materials; internal transfers; product; waste; direct mass releases; work in progress; internal return	Disclosed mass-balance variance by route and period
calc_direct_fossil_co2	fossil_co2_thermal; fossil_co2_rebaking	Prefer representative direct measurement. If calculated, sum fossil carbon oxidized from metered fuels and process carbon, multiply carbon mass by 44/12, subtract only carbon demonstrably retained in product, recovered internally, or transferred in measured wastes, and retain every site-specific factor and uncertainty.	Fuel amount and fossil carbon content; pitch/resin fossil carbon; oxidation evidence; retained product carbon; measured carbonaceous wastes	kg direct fossil CO2 per 1 kg reference product

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product	Product family, grade, specification, dimensions, apparent density, electrical property and test method, metal content, graphitization state, impregnation count, attachment state, and packaging exclusion shall be traceable to each represented lot.	Product specification; certificate of analysis or conformity; batch genealogy; test report
dq_temporal_coverage	Foreground activity data	Use at least 12 representative consecutive months unless production is campaign-based; for a campaign, include the complete campaign and disclose why it represents the reference year.	Dated meter extracts; batch register; production calendar; representativeness note
dq_route_completeness	Process map and conditional rows	Every actually performed stage and formulation input shall be included; every omitted conditional stage or row shall have an explicit not-applicable statement in the produced dataset, not a silent zero.	Route sheet; process-flow diagram; recipe; equipment list; inclusion checklist
dq_mass_energy_reconciliation	Material, waste, fuel, water, and electricity records	Reconcile stage records to site totals and investigate unexplained gaps. Do not force a balance by adding an unspecified material, utility, waste, or emission flow.	Reconciliation workbook; signed variance review; calibration and invoice records
dq_upstream_compatibility	Purchased-input datasets	Upstream datasets shall match flow identity, product state, property, unit group, geography, technology, and reference year or document the limitation and conversion.	Dataset metadata; supplier data; conversion record; limitation statement
dq_uuid_status	UUID-bearing and unresolved flows	Use only audited state-100 UUIDs shown in this PCR. Preserve all unresolved rows as explicit concrete flows until an exact public identity is audited; do not substitute a proxy.	UUID audit receipt; unresolved-flow register; review decision
dq_range_status	Important flows	Foreground records remain mandatory. No external empirical ranges are asserted by this version; retain the unresolved range-evidence needs until at least two independent, original-text-verified, boundary-compatible sources support synthesis.	Manifest unresolved range-evidence register; source-review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_reference	Product identity and reference flow	Reject a package that lacks any required qualifier, includes removable packaging in the 1 kg reference mass, uses a non-mass reference property, or claims category-wide service equivalence without a performance- and lifetime-equivalent functional unit.	un-cpc-3-0-2025; eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method
validate_route_and_atomic_inventory	Process map and inventory	Confirm one actual product route; match every included detailed process to the process map; require each exchange to be one atomic physical, chemical, waste, or energy flow; reject umbrella flows and silent zeros for conditional stages.	mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide; resonac-graphite-electrode-process
validate_units_and_uuid	Flow identity and measurement	Confirm every UUID, flow type, property, unit group, and Chinese display name against the audited identity. Reject proxy UUIDs, unrecorded density conversions, mixed gas reference conditions, or electricity not normalized in MJ.
validate_no_double_counting	Upstream and foreground emissions, internal recycling, and allocations	Reject double counting of upstream electricity or fuel-supply emissions as direct site emissions, counting the same internal return as both waste and input, or allocating shared burdens without the required hierarchy and disclosure.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method
validate_completeness_and_quality	Foreground period and reconciliation	Confirm temporal coverage, production denominator, meter and scale calibration, route completeness, mass and energy reconciliation, waste destinations, wastewater state, and direct-emission method. Report unresolved UUIDs and range-evidence needs as limitations.	eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing data package for one declared finished electrical-carbon product and route
downstream_use	May be published after review as a secondary_dataset and used as a background_dataset only for studies whose product family, grade, route, geography, technology, reference year, and factory-gate boundary are compatible
allowed_use	Cradle-to-factory-gate modelling of the declared product; supplier comparisons after methodological and performance equivalence is established; downstream product-system modelling with transparent upstream links
excluded_use	Direct comparison across carbon electrodes, brushes, lamp carbons, or battery carbons without equivalent electrical performance and lifetime; modelling graphite powder active material, complete batteries, non-electrical carbon articles, use-stage consumption, packaging, distribution, or end-of-life without an explicit boundary extension
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product family and grade; product specification; dimensions; apparent density; electrical property and test method; formulation classes; metal content; graphitization and impregnation route; furnace technology; attachments; recycled content; site and geography; reference year and period; upstream datasets; allocation; internal recycling; direct-emission method; wastewater treatment; packaging exclusion; unresolved UUID and range limitations
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness; meter and scale coverage; allocation shares and sensitivity; mass and energy reconciliation; data gaps; proxy prohibition; unresolved UUIDs; absence of external empirical ranges; upstream dataset limitations
update_trigger	New exact public UUID for the reference product or unresolved flow; two-source range synthesis; material change in formulation, product family, furnace or graphitization technology, energy supply, site geography, allocation, direct-emission control, wastewater treatment, or product specification; revised classification or governing method

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Structure, row 46950, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-04; SHA-256 5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c)	Official English classification identity only; not methodology or range evidence
usitc-small-diameter-graphite-electrodes-2009	official_guidance	U.S. International Trade Commission, Small Diameter Graphite Electrodes from China, Publication 4062, 2009. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-ITC1-PURL-gpo14561/pdf/GOVPUB-ITC1-PURL-gpo14561.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Original-text-verified graphite-electrode stages, conditional pitch impregnation, finishing, and packaging boundary context; no quantitative range inferred
mersen-carbon-brush-technical-guide	handbook	Mersen, Carbon Brushes for Motors and Generators. https://www.mersen.com/sites/default/files/files_imported/2-ptt-carbon-brush-technical-guide-mersen.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Original-text-verified natural/artificial graphite, thermosetting-resin, metal-graphite, pressing, polymerization, heat treatment, and finishing variants; no quantitative range inferred
resonac-graphite-electrode-process	extension_guidance	Resonac Graphite Japan Corporation, The Manufacturing Process of Graphite Electrodes. https://www.rgj.resonac.com/en/products/summary.html (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Original-text-verified needle-coke and pitch preparation, extrusion, baking, impregnation, rebaking, electrically heated graphitization, and machining process decomposition; no quantitative range inferred
eu-2021-environmental-footprint-method	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, Annex I. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Original-text-verified system-boundary, multifunctionality/allocation hierarchy, data quality, materiality, and validation disclosure rules