Wire of copper

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR supports foreground data packages for uninsulated individual wire made from copper or copper alloy by drawing copper wire rod, with conditional intermediate or final annealing. It requires the producer to declare the copper or copper-alloy grade and purity or composition, nominal diameter or cross-sectional area, wire shape, individual-wire or pre-stranding state, hard-drawn or annealed temper, surface state, wire-rod source, drawing and annealing energy, lubricant and cleaning or pickling use, production yield, and internal copper-scrap return.

The representative product is uncoated bare wire at the factory gate. A metallic surface treatment may be represented only as a separately declared and inventoried variant that remains uninsulated. This PCR does not represent stranded or bunched conductors, insulated wire and cable, enamelled winding wire, winding assemblies, cable cores, photovoltaic cable, charging cable, downstream harnesses, or other finished electrical assemblies. Results for one grade, diameter, temper, or route shall not be extrapolated to the whole category without a documented representativeness assessment.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.wire-of-copper
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 41513, Wire of copper
covered_products	Uninsulated individual round or profiled wire of copper or copper alloy, in hard-drawn, intermediate, annealed, or soft temper, before stranding or incorporation into a downstream component; metallic surface treatment only when explicitly declared and inventoried
excluded_products	Copper wire rod; stranded, bunched, roped, or cabled conductor; insulated or enamelled wire and cable; winding, cable-core, harness, busbar, photovoltaic-cable, charging-cable, and other downstream assemblies
representative_product	Uncoated bare individual copper wire produced from copper wire rod by drawing, with annealing included when required by the declared temper
production_route	Purchased or transferred copper/copper-alloy wire rod; conditional surface preparation; rod breakdown and intermediate or fine drawing; conditional annealing; cleaning, inspection, spooling, and packaging
market_state	Bare individual wire on coil, reel, or spool at the manufacturing factory gate, before stranding, insulation, or component assembly

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Conforming uninsulated individual copper or copper-alloy wire with the declared grade, dimensions, temper, surface state, and manufacturing route
How much	1,000 kg net mass of conforming wire at the factory gate, excluding reel, spool, and packaging mass
How well	Meets the declared product specification for composition or purity, dimensions and tolerances, temper, surface condition, and applicable electrical and mechanical properties
How long or cycle	Production during the declared reporting period; no use-phase service is included
reference_flow_link	Factory-gate output of finishing_inspection_and_packaging

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	copper wire 4f197beb-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	copper or copper-alloy grade and governing specification; purity or composition; nominal diameter or cross-sectional area and tolerance; round or profiled shape; individual-wire or pre-stranding state; declared temper state (hard-drawn / intermediate / annealed / soft); bare surface and any metallic treatment; wire-rod source and production route; primary and recycled-content basis where claimed; production geography and reference period; declared conductivity or resistivity and mechanical-property basis where specified

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1,000 kg net conforming wire; exclude reel, spool, pallet, and packaging mass.
metal_mass_balance	Copper-bearing inputs and outputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record gross wire-rod input, conforming wire, internal return, exported scrap, off-specification wire, residues, and unresolved variance on one dry-metal mass basis.
diameter_area_basis	Product dimensions	Declared geometric basis	mm or mm2	Declare nominal diameter for round wire or cross-sectional dimensions and area for profiled wire, including the applicable tolerance and measurement method.
electricity_measurement	Drawing, annealing, preparation, and finishing electricity	Energy	kWh	Use submetered electricity where available; otherwise allocate a documented line or machine meter by measured operating time, machine load, or mass throughput.
fuel_energy_measurement	Direct thermal energy	Energy	MJ	Convert measured fuel quantities using a declared net calorific value and retain the original fuel quantity and conversion source.
auxiliary_net_use	Lubricant, emulsion, cleaning agent, pickling agent, process gas, and water	Mass or volume appropriate to the record	kg, L, or m3	Report net foreground consumption from receipts, opening and closing inventory, recovery, recycle, and disposal records; do not report circulating charge as consumption.

5. System Boundary

Rules:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_start_at_wire_rod	Foreground starting condition	Start at receipt or internal transfer of copper or copper-alloy wire rod and disclose grade, source facility or supplier, production route, and primary/recycled-content basis where available.	astm-b250-2026; asm-copper-wire-cable-1998
boundary_include_foreground_operations	Foreground manufacturing	Include surface preparation when used, all drawing passes represented by the dataset, conditional annealing, cleaning, cooling, inspection, spooling, packaging, utilities, auxiliaries, yield losses, wastes, and onsite treatment attributable to the wire.	bechem-wire-drawing; asm-copper-wire-cable-1998
boundary_recursive_wire_input	Same-category input	If purchased or transferred drawn wire already classified in CPC 41513 is an input, record it as a disclosed product input and do not recursively reproduce its drawing operations in the receiving foreground process.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
boundary_upstream_wire_rod	Upstream supply	Link wire rod to an upstream dataset matching grade or composition, geography, technology, and declared primary/secondary route; do not substitute a narrow or contradictory identity merely to obtain a UUID.	ica-copper-environmental-profile-2023; aoyama-copper-wire-annealing-1989
boundary_exclude_downstream_products	Product-category end point	End at uninsulated individual wire before stranding, bunching, cabling, insulation, winding-component fabrication, cable-core manufacture, or harness assembly. Do not extrapolate a bare-wire dataset to these downstream products.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; astm-b8-2023; iec-60228-2023
boundary_surface_variant	Surface treatment	Treat uncoated bare wire as representative. Include metallic surface treatment only when explicitly declared and inventoried; exclude polymeric, enamel, or other electrical insulation.	astm-b1-2018; astm-b3-2024

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	copper_or_copper_alloy_wire_rod_at_receipt_or_internal_transfer
starting_condition_role	disclosed_foreground_input_and_upstream_link
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 41513, individual wire of copper; ends before CPC 42942 stranded copper products and CPC group 463 insulated wire and cable
recursive_input_rule	A same-category drawn-wire input is recorded as a declared product input with supplier and product qualifiers; its prior drawing is represented only by the linked upstream dataset.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match the rod's grade or composition, source geography, technology, primary/secondary route, and reference period; document any proxy and its expected direction of bias.
disclosure	Declare rod supplier or internal source, rod grade and dimensions, cathode/secondary route information where available, surface preparation, drawing sequence, annealing state, surface treatment, and the exact factory gate.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
rod_receipt_and_preparation	Wire-rod receipt and surface preparation	required	Surface cleaning, mechanical descaling, or pickling flows are recorded when performed	foreground	prepared wire rod transferred to drawing
wire_drawing	Rod breakdown and wire drawing	required	Always included for wire made from rod	foreground	drawn individual wire transferred to the next stage
annealing	Intermediate or final annealing	conditional	Included when annealing is performed to achieve drawability or the declared temper	foreground	annealed wire transferred to finishing
finishing_inspection_and_packaging	Finishing, inspection, and packaging	required	Always included through the declared factory gate	foreground	1,000 kg conforming copper wire output

Process: Wire-rod receipt and surface preparation (rod_receipt_and_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Copper or copper-alloy wire rod (copper_wire_rod_input)

Record the gross metal-bearing rod crossing the foreground boundary. No default UUID is assigned until an identity matching the declared grade, route, dimensions, and quantitative reference is confirmed.

• Selected flow: Copper or copper-alloy wire rod
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured gross rod input on the declared metal-mass basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rod_input_records
• Sources: astm-b250-2026; asm-copper-wire-cable-1998

Surface-preparation chemicals (surface_preparation_chemicals)

Record cleaning, descaling, or pickling agents only when consumed by the declared route, separated by substance or formulation.

• Selected flow: Surface-preparation chemical by substance or formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: net consumed mass from issue, inventory, return, and disposal records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_preparation_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Surface-preparation water (surface_preparation_water)

Record freshwater or supplied process water used for cleaning, rinsing, or pickling and distinguish gross circulation from net intake.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured or balanced net water intake
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_preparation_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared wire rod (prepared_wire_rod_output)

Record the metal mass transferred to the first drawing pass after any surface preparation.

• Selected flow: Prepared copper or copper-alloy wire rod
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated mass balance from rod input and preparation losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_mass_balance_records
• Sources: asm-copper-wire-cable-1998

Waste flows

Preparation residues and removed scale (preparation_residue_output)

Record collected oxide, scale, sludge, and copper-bearing cleaning residues by treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Copper-bearing preparation residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured collected waste mass, including moisture-basis disclosure where material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_recovery_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Spent preparation bath or rinse (spent_preparation_bath_output)

Record spent cleaning or pickling bath and rinse-water waste when discharged or sent to treatment.

• Selected flow: Spent preparation bath or rinse
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or balanced mass sent to onsite or offsite treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_recovery_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Elementary flows

Process: Rod breakdown and wire drawing (wire_drawing)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared rod or prior-pass wire (prepared_rod_to_drawing)

Record the copper-bearing transfer entering the represented drawing sequence.

• Selected flow: Prepared copper or copper-alloy rod or prior-pass wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated stage balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_mass_balance_records
• Sources: asm-copper-wire-cable-1998

Drawing electricity (drawing_electricity)

Include rod breakdown, intermediate and fine drawing, capstans, pumps, cooling, filtration, and line auxiliaries represented by the meter boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to drawing
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use or documented allocation from a shared meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_drawing_energy_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Drawing lubricant or emulsion (drawing_lubricant)

Record each lubricant, emulsion concentrate, additive, and make-up component separately; do not count the circulating bath charge as consumed material.

• Selected flow: Drawing lubricant or emulsion component
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: net consumed mass from issue, inventory, recovery, and disposal records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_drawing_auxiliary_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Drawing cooling and process water (drawing_process_water)

Record make-up and discharged water for drawing cooling, emulsion preparation, and cleaning, excluding closed-loop recirculation.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured or balanced net water intake
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_drawing_auxiliary_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Drawn copper wire (drawn_wire_output)

Record wire leaving the represented drawing sequence before conditional annealing or finishing.

• Selected flow: Drawn copper or copper-alloy wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated stage balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_mass_balance_records
• Sources: astm-b1-2018; bechem-wire-drawing

Waste flows

Drawing breaks and copper scrap (drawing_copper_scrap)

Record breaks, end cuts, start-up wire, and other copper-bearing drawing scrap, distinguishing internal return from offsite recovery.

• Selected flow: Copper-bearing drawing scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by destination and internal-return status
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_recovery_records
• Sources: iso-14044-2006

Spent drawing emulsion and wastewater (spent_drawing_fluid)

Record spent drawing fluid, filter residue, and wastewater by onsite or offsite treatment route.

• Selected flow: Spent drawing fluid and wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or balanced mass leaving the drawing loop for treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_recovery_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Elementary flows

Process: Intermediate or final annealing (annealing)

Inputs

Product flows

Hard-drawn wire to annealing (hard_drawn_wire_to_annealing)

Record the wire mass entering batch, strand, resistance, induction, or other declared annealing equipment.

• Selected flow: Hard-drawn copper or copper-alloy wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated stage balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_mass_balance_records
• Sources: astm-b3-2024; aoyama-copper-wire-annealing-1989

Annealing electricity (annealing_electricity)

Record electricity for heating, drives, protective-atmosphere equipment, cooling, drying, and included auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to annealing
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use or documented allocation from a shared meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_energy_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Annealing fuel and process auxiliaries (annealing_fuel_and_auxiliaries)

Record direct fuel, protective atmosphere gas, cooling or annealing fluid, and make-up water as separate flows when used.

• Selected flow: Annealing fuel or process auxiliary by substance
• Flow property / unit: Mass or energy / kg or MJ
• Amount rule: measured net consumption by fuel, gas, fluid, or water type
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_auxiliary_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Annealed copper wire (annealed_wire_output)

Record wire transferred from annealing to finishing with the achieved temper and surface state declared.

• Selected flow: Annealed copper or copper-alloy wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated stage balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_mass_balance_records
• Sources: astm-b3-2024; aoyama-copper-wire-annealing-1989

Waste flows

Annealing scrap and spent fluid (annealing_waste_output)

Record annealing rejects, copper scrap, spent fluid, and wastewater separately by material and destination.

• Selected flow: Annealing scrap or spent fluid by material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by material, treatment destination, and internal-return status
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_recovery_records
• Sources: bechem-wire-drawing

Elementary flows

Process: Finishing, inspection, and packaging (finishing_inspection_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Drawn or annealed wire to finishing (wire_to_finishing)

Record the wire mass entering cleaning, drying, dimensional and property inspection, spooling, and packing.

• Selected flow: Drawn or annealed copper or copper-alloy wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated stage balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: process reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_mass_balance_records
• Sources: astm-b1-2018; astm-b3-2024; astm-b250-2026

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record reels, spools, coils, liners, wraps, pallets, and other packaging separately from the reference-product mass.

• Selected flow: Packaging material by material and item type
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or purchasing-record mass supplied to conforming product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming copper wire at factory gate (conforming_copper_wire_output)

This is the reference product. Record only uninsulated individual wire meeting the declared grade, dimensions, temper, surface state, and quality specification.

• Selected flow: copper wire 4f197beb-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net conforming product mass excluding reel, spool, pallet, and packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_output_and_quality_records
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; astm-b1-2018; astm-b3-2024; astm-b250-2026

Waste flows

Off-specification wire and end cuts (finishing_copper_scrap)

Record rejected wire and end cuts separately from conforming output and distinguish rework, internal return, and offsite recovery.

• Selected flow: Off-specification copper wire and end cuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by disposition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming copper wire output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_recovery_records
• Sources: iso-14044-2006

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

Rules:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	Multi-product lines	Prefer submetering, batch records, and subdivision by drawing line, diameter family, alloy, and temper before applying allocation.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_shared_utilities_physical	Shared electricity, fuel, water, and auxiliaries	Allocate residual shared inputs by a documented physical driver that reflects consumption, such as machine operating time and load, metered line demand, or mass throughput; do not default to revenue.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_internal_scrap_closed_loop	Internal copper return	Track internally returned copper separately and do not count it as both an external waste output and a new external raw-material input. Include remelting or reprocessing utilities and losses when they occur inside the declared boundary.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_exported_scrap_no_avoided_burden	Copper scrap leaving the boundary	Report exported scrap by mass, composition, condition, and destination. Do not apply an avoided-burden credit by default; any alternative allocation shall be separately declared and sensitivity-tested.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rework	Reworked off-specification wire	Assign the additional drawing, annealing, finishing, and handling inputs to the product system that generates the rework, using recorded rework mass and operations.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_rod_input_records	rod_receipt_and_preparation	Copper or copper-alloy wire rod	receiving or internal-transfer record	lot id; supplier or source; grade; composition or purity; diameter; mass; date; primary/recycled-content basis if claimed	calibrated scale or weighbridge reconciled to inventory	kg	per lot or transfer	full reporting period	all represented wire-production sites	sum matching lots; preserve grade and route strata; normalize by conforming output	scale calibration; lot certificate; supplier declaration; inventory reconciliation
cp_surface_preparation_records	rod_receipt_and_preparation	Surface-preparation chemicals and water	chemical issue, bath, and meter record	substance; concentration where relevant; opening stock; receipts; closing stock; recovery; disposal; water intake; batch or line	inventory balance and calibrated meter	kg; m3	per batch with monthly reconciliation	full reporting period	each represented preparation line	calculate net consumption; separate circulation from make-up and discharge	stock reconciliation; meter calibration; bath log; waste manifest
cp_drawing_energy_records	wire_drawing	Drawing electricity	electricity meter and production log	meter id; opening and closing reading; line; machine state; operating time; wire mass; product family	line submeter or documented shared-meter allocation	kWh	continuous or per shift	full reporting period including representative operating states	each represented drawing line	subtract excluded loads; aggregate by product stratum; normalize by conforming output	meter calibration; energy bill reconciliation; allocation worksheet
cp_drawing_auxiliary_records	wire_drawing	Drawing lubricant, emulsion, and process water	issue, inventory, bath, and water-meter record	formulation; concentrate; additives; opening stock; receipts; closing stock; recovered quantity; disposal; water intake	inventory balance, purchase/issue record, and meter	kg; m3	per issue or batch with monthly reconciliation	full reporting period	each represented drawing line	report net consumption; exclude circulating charge; normalize by conforming output	inventory reconciliation; formulation data; meter calibration; treatment record
cp_annealing_energy_records	annealing	Annealing electricity and fuel	meter, fuel, and production log	equipment; batch or run; electricity; fuel quantity; calorific value; operating time; wire mass; temper	equipment submeter, fuel meter, or documented shared-meter allocation	kWh; MJ	per batch or continuous run	full reporting period including start-up and normal operation	each represented annealing unit	aggregate by annealing route and temper; normalize by conforming output	meter calibration; fuel invoice; calorific-value source; allocation worksheet
cp_annealing_auxiliary_records	annealing	Protective gas, fluid, and water	issue, inventory, flow-meter, and treatment record	substance; quantity; opening and closing stock; recovery; discharge; batch or run	inventory balance and calibrated flow meter	kg; m3	per batch or shift with monthly reconciliation	full reporting period	each represented annealing unit	report net consumption and discharge by substance; normalize by conforming output	inventory reconciliation; meter calibration; treatment record
cp_stage_mass_balance_records	rod_receipt_and_preparation; wire_drawing; annealing; finishing_inspection_and_packaging	Interstage copper-bearing transfers	production, coil, reel, and scale record	lot or coil id; input mass; output mass; breaks; end cuts; rejects; internal return; exported scrap; date	calibrated scale plus production tracking	kg	per lot, coil, or batch	full reporting period	all represented foreground stages	reconcile each stage and the total metal balance; preserve rework and internal-return loops	scale calibration; lot genealogy; production reconciliation
cp_waste_and_recovery_records	rod_receipt_and_preparation; wire_drawing; annealing; finishing_inspection_and_packaging	Copper scrap, residues, spent fluid, and wastewater	waste, recovery, and treatment record	material; mass; moisture basis where relevant; composition; internal return; rework; carrier; destination; treatment	calibrated scale, tank balance, manifest, and internal-return ledger	kg	per movement with monthly reconciliation	full reporting period	all represented foreground stages and onsite treatment	aggregate by material and destination; do not net internal return against exported waste	scale calibration; manifest; treatment invoice; internal-return reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	finishing_inspection_and_packaging	Packaging materials	bill of materials, issue, and purchasing record	material; item type; item mass; quantity; reuse status; product lot	measured item mass or supplier specification reconciled to issues	kg	per product lot with monthly reconciliation	full reporting period	represented packing operations	sum packaging by material; exclude from reference-product mass	bill of materials; supplier specification; issue reconciliation
cp_final_output_and_quality_records	finishing_inspection_and_packaging	Conforming copper wire	final scale, test, and release record	lot or coil id; net wire mass; grade; composition or purity evidence; diameter or area; tolerance; shape; temper; surface state; conductivity or resistivity where specified; mechanical tests where specified; disposition	calibrated scale and applicable product test methods	kg	per released lot or coil	full reporting period	all represented product families and sites	sum only conforming released mass matching declared qualifiers; retain strata	scale and test-equipment calibration; certificate of analysis; release record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_output	All inventory flows	normalized amount = reporting-period flow quantity / reporting-period conforming wire mass × 1,000 kg	relevant collection protocol; cp_final_output_and_quality_records	inventory amount per 1,000 kg conforming wire	iso-14044-2006
calculate_total_metal_yield	Total foreground metal balance	total yield = conforming wire mass / gross copper-bearing rod and same-category wire input mass	cp_rod_input_records; cp_stage_mass_balance_records; cp_final_output_and_quality_records	dimensionless yield with reporting-period basis	iso-14044-2006
reconcile_copper_mass	Each stage and total foreground system	input copper-bearing mass = conforming and intermediate output + exported scrap + treatment residue + inventory change + documented internal loop adjustment + unresolved variance	cp_rod_input_records; cp_stage_mass_balance_records; cp_waste_and_recovery_records; cp_final_output_and_quality_records	reconciled mass-balance table and variance	iso-14044-2006
calculate_net_auxiliary_use	Circulating lubricant, emulsion, bath, gas, and water systems	net use = opening inventory + receipts - closing inventory - recovered amount transferred out; report discharge separately and document the balance boundary	cp_surface_preparation_records; cp_drawing_auxiliary_records; cp_annealing_auxiliary_records	net auxiliary input and separately reported discharge	bechem-wire-drawing
allocate_shared_energy	Shared energy meter	allocated energy = shared-meter net energy × documented physical driver for the product stratum / total driver over the same meter period	cp_drawing_energy_records; cp_annealing_energy_records	allocated kWh or MJ by product stratum	iso-14044-2006
separate_internal_copper_return	Internal copper scrap loop	record the internal-return mass and associated onsite reprocessing once; exclude the same mass from external waste and external raw-material totals	cp_stage_mass_balance_records; cp_waste_and_recovery_records	internal-loop disclosure and non-double-counted inventory	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product and represented strata	Grade, purity or composition, dimensions, shape, individual-wire state, temper, surface state, and governing specification shall be traceable to released lots.	certificates, lot genealogy, test records, and release records; astm-b1-2018; astm-b3-2024; astm-b250-2026
dq_rod_provenance	Wire-rod input	Supplier or internal source, grade, dimensions, geography, technology route, and primary/recycled-content basis where claimed shall be documented; proxy gaps shall be disclosed.	receiving records, certificates, supplier declarations, upstream dataset metadata; ica-copper-environmental-profile-2023
dq_energy_separation	Drawing and annealing	Drawing and annealing energy shall be reported separately. Shared-meter allocation shall retain meter coverage, driver, and reconciliation evidence.	meter records, calibration, production logs, and allocation worksheets
dq_auxiliary_coverage	Lubrication, cleaning, pickling, water, and process gas	Net consumption and discharge shall be supported by inventory or meter balances, with circulating charge distinguished from consumption.	stock, issue, bath, meter, recovery, and treatment records; bechem-wire-drawing
dq_yield_and_scrap	Copper mass balance	Conforming output, rework, internal return, exported scrap, residues, and unresolved variance shall be reported without double counting and by destination.	stage balances, scale calibration, manifests, and internal-return ledger
dq_temporal_site_coverage	Dataset reporting period	Data shall cover the declared period and all represented sites, product families, start-ups, and material operating states; exclusions and abnormal events shall be disclosed.	coverage matrix, production records, maintenance and event logs
dq_no_category_extrapolation	Representativeness claim	A dataset for one alloy, grade, diameter family, temper, or route shall identify its represented share and shall not claim the whole CPC category without a documented coverage assessment.	production mix and representativeness assessment

9. Validation Rules

Rules:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Confirm the Tiangong product-flow, Mass property, Units of mass group, and kg unit; verify all required product qualifiers and the uninsulated individual-wire state are declared.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; astm-b1-2018; astm-b3-2024; astm-b250-2026
validate_reference_mass	Reference amount	Confirm the reference output is exactly 1,000 kg net conforming wire and excludes reel, spool, pallet, and packaging mass.	iso-14044-2006
validate_process_energy	Drawing and conditional annealing	Confirm drawing energy is present and annealing energy is present when annealing occurs; check meter scope, allocation driver, and consistency with production records.	bechem-wire-drawing
validate_yield_and_scrap	Metal mass balance	Recalculate stage and total yield; confirm internal return, rework, exported scrap, residues, and unresolved variance are separately visible and not double counted.	iso-14044-2006
validate_auxiliary_and_waste	Lubrication, preparation, cooling, and annealing systems	Confirm lubricant or emulsion, cleaning or pickling agents when used, water, process gas when used, spent fluid, wastewater, and treatment routes are recorded on a net-consumption or discharge basis.	bechem-wire-drawing
validate_boundary_exclusions	Product scope	Reject use as a category-wide default for stranded or bunched conductor, insulated or enamelled wire and cable, winding components, cable cores, photovoltaic or charging cable, harnesses, and other downstream assemblies.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; astm-b8-2023; iec-60228-2023
validate_upstream_rod	Wire-rod dataset	Confirm the upstream rod dataset matches the declared grade/composition, source, geography, technology, and primary/secondary route or that each proxy limitation is disclosed.	ica-copper-environmental-profile-2023; aoyama-copper-wire-annealing-1989
validate_temporal_completeness	Foreground evidence	Confirm data cover the declared period, represented sites and product strata, and material operating states; flag unexplained omissions or unrepresentative sampling.	iso-14044-2006

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_manufacturing_data_package
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Uninsulated individual copper or copper-alloy wire datasets whose grade, composition, dimensions, shape, temper, surface state, rod route, geography, time period, and factory gate match the declared profile
excluded_use	Category-wide default without representativeness evidence; stranded or bunched conductors; insulated or enamelled wire and cable; windings; cable cores; photovoltaic or charging cable; harnesses; downstream assemblies
required_metadata	Reference-flow UUID and amount; grade and governing specification; purity or composition; diameter or area and tolerance; shape; individual-wire state; temper; surface state; rod source and route; primary/recycled-content claim basis; geography; reference period; process coverage; allocation; yield; internal scrap handling
required_quality_disclosure	Collection coverage; meter and scale calibration; shared-resource allocation; copper mass-balance variance; yield; rework and internal return; upstream rod proxy limitations; product-stratum representativeness; omitted and abnormal operations
update_trigger	Material change in grade or alloy family, rod source or route, product dimensions, temper, surface treatment, drawing or annealing technology, energy supply, lubricant or cleaning system, yield, scrap handling, site geography, reporting period, or data quality

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-08)	CPC 41513 identity and separation from stranded copper products and insulated wire/cable
astm-b1-2018	standard	ASTM International, ASTM B1-13(2018), Standard Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire, https://doi.org/10.1520/B0001-13R18 (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Hard-drawn round bare copper-wire product identity, dimensions, mechanical properties, and resistivity context
astm-b3-2024	standard	ASTM International, ASTM B3-13(2024), Standard Specification for Soft or Annealed Copper Wire, https://doi.org/10.1520/B0003-13R24 (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Soft or annealed round bare copper-wire identity, purity, dimensions, surface, mechanical properties, and resistivity context
astm-b250-2026	standard	ASTM International, ASTM B250/B250M-26, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper-Alloy Wire, https://doi.org/10.1520/B0250_B0250M-26 (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Copper-alloy wire input, working and annealing route, composition, dimensions, mechanical and electrical property context
astm-b8-2023	standard	ASTM International, ASTM B8-23, Standard Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors, Hard, Medium-Hard, or Soft, https://doi.org/10.1520/B0008-23 (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Identification of stranded conductor as a downstream product excluded from the representative wire boundary
iec-60228-2023	standard	IEC, IEC 60228:2023, Conductors of insulated cables, https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/71891 (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Finished-cable conductor context and exclusion from bare individual-wire product claims
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO, ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (current edition confirmed; retrieved 2026-08-08)	LCI boundary, allocation, mass-balance, data-quality, and validation method basis
asm-copper-wire-cable-1998	handbook	ASM International, Copper Wire and Cable, DOI 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003133, https://dl.asminternational.org/handbooks/edited-volume/49/chapter-abstract/594856/Copper-Wire-and-Cable (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Wire-rod fabrication, surface preparation, drawing, annealing, and downstream insulation process decomposition
bechem-wire-drawing	extension_guidance	CARL BECHEM GmbH, Lubrication solutions for wire drawing, https://www.bechem.de/_Resources/Persistent/d/d/8/a/dd8ab883aa680d193e272b78e3dc7d0ca77920c0/BECHEM_Wire_Drawing_en.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Rod breakdown, drawing lubrication and cooling, cleaning, inline annealing, drying, and spooling flow identification; no quantitative default used
aoyama-copper-wire-annealing-1989	literature	Aoyama et al., “Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Cold Drawn Copper Wire,” Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials 53(4), 1989, https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.53.4_452 (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Relationship of rod impurities, cold drawing, annealing, microstructure, conductivity, and mechanical properties; no quantitative default used
ica-copper-environmental-profile-2023	dataset	International Copper Association, Copper Environmental Profile, 2023, https://copperalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ICA-LCI-GlobalSummary-202305-F.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-08)	Upstream copper supply and primary/secondary route metadata context; no numerical inventory copied