Foil, of aluminium, of a thickness not exceeding 0.2 mm

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to saleable wrought aluminium or aluminium-alloy foil whose aluminium layer is not more than 0.2 mm thick, supplied principally as a coil or reel. It covers plain foil and foil with a declared surface treatment, coating, printing, lacquer, lamination, or backing when the aluminium foil remains an identifiable and separately quantified constituent of the sold product. Thickness classification is based on the aluminium layer and excludes any backing, consistent with the CPC/HS category boundary.

The PCR covers the product system from the declared aluminium starting condition through foil-stock preparation, cold rolling, optional annealing, optional double rolling and separation, slitting, surface treatment or coating when performed by the producer, internal scrap recovery, winding, and dispatch packaging. Both hot-rolled slab and continuous-cast strip routes are eligible. A foreground data package may start from purchased ingot, rolling slab, cast strip, or foil stock, but it shall identify the starting condition and link all purchased upstream materials to appropriate datasets.

The category is intentionally broader than battery current-collector foil or packaging foil. A dataset shall not represent CPC 41535 using only one application-specific grade, thickness, alloy/temper, surface specification, or process route unless the dataset is explicitly labelled as that narrower product and is used only where those qualifiers match. Finished packages, battery cells or electrodes, capacitors, heat exchangers, insulated electrical products, cables, and other fabricated articles are outside the scope. Sheet or strip thicker than 0.2 mm and foil stock sold before final foil rolling are also outside the reference product.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.foil-of-aluminium-of-a-thickness-not-exceeding-0-2-mm
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 41535, exact: Foil, of aluminium, of a thickness not exceeding 0.2 mm
covered_products	Plain or converted aluminium and aluminium-alloy foil with an aluminium-layer thickness greater than zero and not exceeding 0.2 mm, delivered as declared coils or reels; backing or coating is permitted when separately quantified.
excluded_products	Aluminium sheet or strip thicker than 0.2 mm; foil stock sold before final foil manufacture; finished packages, battery components, electrical components, and thermal-management assemblies; composites for which the aluminium layer cannot be separately quantified.
representative_product	A declared saleable aluminium-foil coil. There is no category-wide default alloy, temper, thickness, application grade, coating, backing, pinhole class, or cleanliness class.
production_route	Cold rolling of hot-rolled foil stock or continuous-cast strip, with route-specific optional annealing, double rolling and separation, slitting, surface conversion, and internal scrap recovery.
market_state	Net saleable foil wound on a declared core and ready for dispatch at the producer gate, with transport packaging reported separately.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Saleable aluminium or aluminium-alloy foil conforming to the declared product specification and delivered as a coil or reel at the producer gate.
How much	1 kg net mass of the sold foil product. Core, pallet, and removable transport packaging are excluded from the reference mass and inventoried separately. Coating, lacquer, ink, adhesive, laminate, or backing that remains part of the sold foil product is included in the reference mass and its mass fraction is declared.
How well	Meets the customer or product specification declared for thickness and tolerance, alloy and temper, surface state, coil dimensions, and applicable pinhole and cleanliness requirements. No universal performance threshold is imposed by this PCR.
How long or cycle	One declared production lot or campaign, or a production-weighted reporting period no longer than 12 consecutive months.
reference_flow_link	Final output delivered_aluminium_foil_coil of coil_packaging_and_dispatch.

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Aluminum foil d3e373a5-987f-4e3a-9f5b-8feaa9aa01e2
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	aluminium-layer nominal thickness and tolerance; aluminium alloy designation or declared chemistry; temper; foil-stock route; rolling pass route; annealing state and schedule or none; single rolling or double rolling and separation; slit width, edge condition, coil inner diameter and net coil mass; surface state and side distinction; surface treatment, coating, printing, lacquer, lamination, or backing composition and mass fraction or none; pinhole test method, sampled area, result and contractual criterion or not applicable; cleanliness, wettability, or residual rolling-oil test method, result and contractual criterion or not applicable; primary aluminium, external pre-consumer recycled aluminium, and external post-consumer recycled aluminium shares and chain-of-custody method; internal scrap-loop accounting; metal yield; delivered coil and removable packaging specification; production route, site geography, technology, and reference period.

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	delivered foil product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all inventory results to 1 kg net sold foil product; exclude core and removable transport packaging from reference mass and report them as separate inputs.
aluminium_layer_thickness	classification and product qualifier	Length	mm or µm	Measure and report aluminium-layer thickness separately from coating or backing. Convert µm to mm using 1 µm = 0.001 mm. The declared aluminium-layer thickness shall be greater than zero and not exceed 0.2 mm.
constituent_mass_fraction	coated, laminated, printed, lacquered, or backed foil	Mass fraction	kg/kg product	Report aluminium, each coating or treatment solid, adhesive, ink, lacquer, laminate, and backing on a dry constituent-mass basis; fractions shall sum to 1 within stated rounding.
metal_input_share	fresh aluminium-bearing charge entering the model boundary	Mass fraction	kg Al/kg fresh Al input	Report primary aluminium, external pre-consumer recycled aluminium, and external post-consumer recycled aluminium on a contained-aluminium basis. Internal process scrap is a loop, not recycled-content input, and shall not be added to these shares.
yield_measurement	aluminium conversion route	Mass ratio	kg/kg	Calculate metal yield as net saleable aluminium mass in the reference product divided by fresh aluminium mass entering the declared boundary; exclude coating and backing mass from both aluminium terms and disclose stock-change treatment.
energy_measurement	each foreground process	Energy	kWh for electricity; MJ for fuels, steam, and thermal energy	Record metered energy by carrier and process where available; do not combine electricity and thermal energy without an explicit conversion and lower/higher heating value convention.
water_measurement	each foreground process	Volume or Mass	m3 or kg	Distinguish withdrawal, consumed water, recirculated water, and discharged wastewater; do not count recirculated water repeatedly as fresh withdrawal.
coil_and_packaging_mass	dispatch	Mass	kg	Record net foil mass, core mass, and each removable packaging material separately for every dispatched coil or production-weighted batch.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_declared_start	foreground system	Include all operations controlled by the reporting producer from the declared purchased aluminium starting condition through the saleable delivered coil; disclose whether the start is ingot, slab, cast strip, or foil stock.	european-aluminium-2018; iso-14044-2006
boundary_upstream_links	purchased products and energy	Link purchased aluminium, alloying additions, coatings, backing materials, fuels, electricity, water, auxiliaries, cores, and packaging to upstream datasets that match the declared geography, technology, and time as closely as practicable.	iso-14044-2006
boundary_route_complete	foil manufacture	Include route-applicable cold rolling, annealing, double rolling and separation, slitting, surface conversion, internal scrap handling, winding, and packaging; a non-applicable operation shall be explicitly marked not applicable rather than silently omitted.	european-aluminium-2018; eafa-alufoil-production
boundary_direct_releases	foreground processes	Include direct air emissions, water emissions, waste, dross, salt slag, wastewater, lubricant losses, and treatment outputs supported by site records or calculated from collected records.	iso-14044-2006
boundary_capital_and_personnel	foreground system	Exclude capital equipment, buildings, commuting, and personnel activities unless the study goal, applicable program rules, or demonstrated significance requires them; disclose any such inclusion.	iso-14044-2006
boundary_no_narrow_substitution	category representation	Do not use a battery-grade, packaging-grade, etched, lacquered, single-thickness, or other narrow product flow as the default representation of the whole CPC 41535 category.	unsd-cpc-3-41535

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased primary or secondary aluminium, rolling ingot/slab, continuous-cast strip, or foil stock received by the reporting producer.
starting_condition_role	First product input crossing the declared foreground boundary; it determines which aluminium production and foil-stock operations are foreground versus linked upstream.
product_classification_scope	Saleable foil with aluminium-layer thickness not exceeding 0.2 mm under CPC 3.0 41535, independent of downstream application.
recursive_input_rule	When purchased foil or foil stock would otherwise invoke this PCR recursively, record it once as a visible product input, link it to a separately identified upstream dataset, and do not recreate its upstream foil-making processes inside the receiving process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Upstream datasets shall state aluminium production route, primary/recycled-content basis, geography, reference period, and allocation or recycling method when relevant.
disclosure	Declare the starting material form, supplier boundary, included and excluded operations, outsourced conversion steps, internal scrap loops, and any cut-off applied under the governing study rules.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
foil_stock_production	Foil-stock production	conditional	Include when the reporting site produces foil stock from ingot, slab, molten metal, or recycled charge.	Produces hot-rolled or continuous-cast strip suitable for final foil rolling.	1 kg foil stock output
foil_rolling	Cold rolling of foil	required	Always include final-gauge rolling controlled by the reporting producer.	Reduces foil stock to declared gauge and records rolling media, energy, losses, and scrap.	1 kg rolled foil output
annealing	Annealing	conditional	Include every intermediate or final anneal used to achieve the declared temper or surface condition.	Changes temper and removes or transforms rolling residues under a declared thermal schedule.	1 kg annealed foil output
double_rolling_and_separation	Double rolling and foil separation	conditional	Include when two layers are rolled together and subsequently separated.	Represents the thin-foil route and its side-specific surface effects.	1 kg separated foil output
slitting_finishing_and_winding	Slitting, finishing, and winding	required	Include final slitting, edge trimming, inspection, and winding.	Produces saleable-width coils and records trim and rejected material.	1 kg saleable foil before optional conversion and packaging
surface_treatment_coating_or_backing	Surface treatment, coating, printing, lacquering, lamination, or backing	conditional	Include each operation controlled by the producer that remains embodied in or changes the sold product.	Adds or modifies declared surface constituents and properties.	1 kg converted foil output
internal_scrap_recovery	Internal scrap recovery	conditional	Include onsite collection, remelting, refining, or return preparation of production scrap.	Keeps internal metal loops visible and records recovery losses and residues.	1 kg recovered aluminium returned or transferred
coil_packaging_and_dispatch	Coil packaging and dispatch	required	Always include final release, weighing, core assignment, packaging, and producer-gate dispatch.	Establishes the reference flow and separates net foil, core, and packaging masses.	1 kg net delivered foil product

Process: Foil-stock production (foil_stock_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh aluminium-bearing charge (fresh_aluminium_charge)

Record primary aluminium, external pre-consumer recycled aluminium, external post-consumer recycled aluminium, and alloying additions as separate inputs on a contained-aluminium or constituent-mass basis.

• Selected flow: Declared aluminium ingot, slab, molten metal, scrap, and alloying inputs
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed receipts plus opening stock minus closing stock, with each recycled-content class kept separate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg foil stock output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: environdec-pcr-2022-08

Foil-stock energy carriers (foil_stock_energy)

Record electricity, fuels, steam, and purchased heat separately for melting, casting, hot rolling, or continuous casting performed inside the boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity and declared thermal-energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh and MJ by carrier
• Amount rule: Metered use allocated to the included foil-stock operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg foil stock output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Outputs

Product flows

Foil stock (foil_stock_output)

Record the mass of hot-rolled or continuous-cast strip transferred to cold rolling and identify the route.

• Selected flow: Declared foil stock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced foil stock output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg foil stock output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Waste flows

Foil-stock residues and unrecovered metal (foil_stock_residues)

Record dross, salt slag, refractory waste, off-specification metal not internally recovered, and destination.

• Selected flow: Declared foil-stock residues by waste classification
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dispatch or calculated mass balance by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg foil stock output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions_waste_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Process: Cold rolling of foil (foil_rolling)

Inputs

Product flows

Foil stock input (foil_stock_input)

Record foil stock by route, alloy, temper, thickness, and supplier or internal source.

• Selected flow: Declared foil stock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed input adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg rolled foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Rolling energy and process auxiliaries (rolling_energy_auxiliaries)

Record electricity, rolling oils or emulsions, filters, and make-up cooling media separately; recycled or recovered lubricant shall not be double-counted as fresh input.

• Selected flow: Electricity, rolling lubricant, filters, and declared cooling auxiliaries
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; Mass / kg; Volume / m3 as applicable
• Amount rule: Metered energy and issued material quantities assigned to the rolling line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg rolled foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_auxiliary_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Outputs

Product flows

Rolled foil coil (rolled_foil_output)

Record output mass, nominal gauge, measured tolerance, rolling passes, speed or route identifier, and the next controlled operation.

• Selected flow: Rolled aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed rolled output adjusted for work in progress
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg rolled foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Waste flows

Rolling scrap and spent auxiliaries (rolling_scrap_and_spent_auxiliaries)

Record edge scrap, breaks, rejected foil, spent lubricant, filters, and wastewater by internal-recovery or external destination.

• Selected flow: Declared rolling scrap and spent auxiliary waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Volume / m3 for wastewater
• Amount rule: Weighed, metered, or mass-balanced quantity by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg rolled foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions_waste_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Elementary flows

Direct rolling emissions (direct_rolling_emissions)

Record measured or permitted volatile-organic-compound and other direct releases from rolling and lubricant handling without substituting published industry averages.

• Selected flow: Declared direct emissions to air or water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg by substance
• Amount rule: Site measurement or calculation from collected operating records and approved emission factors
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg rolled foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions_waste_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Process: Annealing (annealing)

Inputs

Product flows

Foil entering annealing (foil_for_annealing)

Record foil mass, alloy, incoming temper, thickness, and coil identifier for every declared anneal.

• Selected flow: Rolled aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed batch input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg annealed foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Annealing energy and atmosphere (annealing_energy_atmosphere)

Record electricity, fuel, purchased heat, and process-atmosphere gases by furnace or batch, together with the declared time-temperature schedule.

• Selected flow: Electricity, fuel, heat, and declared atmosphere gases
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh and MJ; Mass or Volume for gases
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-assigned use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg annealed foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Outputs

Product flows

Annealed foil coil (annealed_foil_output)

Record output mass, declared temper, annealing schedule, and released surface condition.

• Selected flow: Annealed aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed batch output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg annealed foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_quality_roll_release
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Process: Double rolling and foil separation (double_rolling_and_separation)

Inputs

Product flows

Foil entering double rolling (foil_for_double_rolling)

Record both paired layers, including mass, gauge, alloy, and side orientation.

• Selected flow: Rolled aluminium foil coils for pairing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed paired inputs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg separated foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; eafa-alufoil-production

Double-rolling energy and lubricant (double_rolling_energy_lubricant)

Record electricity and fresh rolling lubricant used for paired rolling and separation.

• Selected flow: Electricity and rolling lubricant
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered energy and issued lubricant assigned to the operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg separated foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_auxiliary_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; eafa-alufoil-production

Outputs

Product flows

Separated foil coils (separated_foil_output)

Record separated output mass and distinguish bright and matt sides or other side-specific conditions created by the route.

• Selected flow: Separated aluminium foil coils
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed output adjusted for work in progress
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg separated foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_quality_roll_release
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; eafa-alufoil-production

Process: Slitting, finishing, and winding (slitting_finishing_and_winding)

Inputs

Product flows

Foil entering finishing (foil_for_finishing)

Record coil mass, gauge, alloy/temper, width, and preceding process route.

• Selected flow: Declared rolled or annealed aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed input adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable foil before optional conversion and packaging
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; eafa-alufoil-production

Slitting and inspection energy (slitting_inspection_energy)

Record metered electricity and separately inventoried consumables used for slitting, inspection, and winding.

• Selected flow: Electricity and declared finishing consumables
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or production-assigned use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable foil before optional conversion and packaging
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_auxiliary_ledger
• Sources: eafa-alufoil-production

Outputs

Product flows

Finished foil coil (finished_foil_output)

Record saleable foil mass, slit width, edge condition, coil dimensions, pinhole test, and cleanliness or wettability result for the released lot.

• Selected flow: Finished aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed released output passing the declared customer specification
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable foil before optional conversion and packaging
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_quality_roll_release
• Sources: en-546-1-2007; astm-b926-2025; astm-f22-2021

Waste flows

Slitting trim and rejected foil (slitting_trim_rejects)

Record trim, breaks, rejected coils, and their internal-recovery or external destination.

• Selected flow: Aluminium trim and rejected foil by destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable foil before optional conversion and packaging
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions_waste_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Process: Surface treatment, coating, printing, lacquering, lamination, or backing (surface_treatment_coating_or_backing)

Inputs

Product flows

Base foil for surface conversion (base_foil_for_surface_conversion)

Record base-foil mass and all required foil qualifiers before conversion.

• Selected flow: Declared finished aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed input adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg converted foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_ledger
• Sources: eafa-alufoil-production

Surface-conversion materials and energy (surface_conversion_materials_energy)

Record treatment chemicals, coating solids, solvents, inks, lacquers, adhesives, laminates, backing materials, electricity, and thermal energy separately.

• Selected flow: Declared surface materials, backing materials, electricity, and thermal-energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Energy / kWh and MJ
• Amount rule: Issued material and metered or batch-assigned energy use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg converted foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_ledger
• Sources: eafa-alufoil-production

Outputs

Product flows

Converted foil coil (converted_foil_output)

Record output mass and dry mass fraction of aluminium and every coating, ink, lacquer, adhesive, laminate, or backing constituent.

• Selected flow: Declared converted aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed output with constituent fractions calculated from collected records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg converted foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_ledger
• Sources: eafa-alufoil-production

Waste flows

Surface-conversion waste (surface_conversion_waste)

Record coating residues, solvent-bearing waste, wastewater, rejected laminates, and their treatment or recovery destinations.

• Selected flow: Declared surface-conversion waste by destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Volume / m3 for wastewater
• Amount rule: Weighed, metered, or mass-balanced quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg converted foil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions_waste_records
• Sources: eafa-alufoil-production

Process: Internal scrap recovery (internal_scrap_recovery)

Inputs

Waste flows

Internally recoverable aluminium scrap (internal_scrap_input)

Record clean and contaminated scrap separately by origin process and preserve its loop identity.

• Selected flow: Internal aluminium process scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed transfer into recovery
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg recovered aluminium output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_scrap_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; environdec-pcr-2022-08

Product flows

Scrap-recovery energy and auxiliaries (scrap_recovery_energy_auxiliaries)

Record electricity, fuels, fluxes, salts, and other auxiliaries used in onsite remelting or recovery preparation.

• Selected flow: Electricity, thermal-energy carriers, fluxes, and salts
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh and MJ; Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or issued quantity assigned to recovery
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg recovered aluminium output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_auxiliary_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Outputs

Product flows

Recovered aluminium returned to production (recovered_aluminium_output)

Record recovered metal mass, receiving process, and any offsite transfer; do not count returned metal as fresh recycled-content input.

• Selected flow: Recovered aluminium
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed recovered-metal output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg recovered aluminium output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_scrap_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; environdec-pcr-2022-08

Waste flows

Scrap-recovery losses and residues (scrap_recovery_residues)

Record unrecovered metal, dross, salt slag, treatment residues, and destination.

• Selected flow: Declared scrap-recovery residues by destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dispatch or mass-balance difference supported by records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg recovered aluminium output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_internal_scrap_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018

Process: Coil packaging and dispatch (coil_packaging_and_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Saleable foil before dispatch (saleable_foil_before_dispatch)

Record the released foil mass and link it to the applicable plain or converted finishing route.

• Selected flow: Declared saleable aluminium foil coil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed released foil mass excluding core and removable packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net delivered foil product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch_ledger
• Sources: en-546-1-2007

Coil core and removable packaging (coil_core_and_packaging)

Record core, spool, interleaf, wrap, desiccant, pallet, strapping, and other removable transport packaging by material and mass.

• Selected flow: Declared core and packaging materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed item mass or bill-of-material quantity reconciled to dispatch records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net delivered foil product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch_ledger
• Sources: european-aluminium-2018; en-546-1-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Delivered aluminium foil coil (delivered_aluminium_foil_coil)

This is the reference product. It represents net saleable foil mass at the producer gate and carries the complete qualifier set in Section 3.

• Selected flow: Aluminum foil d3e373a5-987f-4e3a-9f5b-8feaa9aa01e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed at 1 kg net sold foil product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	shared production lines and utilities	First separate processes, production routes, alloys, tempers, product gauges, and time periods using metering, mass, machine time, or other causal records before applying allocation.	iso-14044-2006; environdec-pcr-2022-08
allocation_internal_scrap_loop	internal process scrap	Keep internal scrap as a visible loop and assign the recovery burdens and losses to the product system; do not claim internal scrap as primary displacement or external recycled content.	european-aluminium-2018; environdec-pcr-2022-08
allocation_external_scrap_method	purchased scrap and exported recoverable material	Declare the chosen recycling or scrap allocation method, its system-boundary point, burdens, credits, quality correction, and consistency between input and output scrap; do not mix methods without reconciliation.	environdec-pcr-2022-08; iso-14044-2006
allocation_joint_products	unavoidable joint or co-product outputs	When subdivision is not possible, apply a documented physical relationship; if a physical relationship cannot be established, use an economic or governing-program basis and disclose prices, period, sensitivity, and affected flows.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_offspec_and_waste	off-specification foil, trim, dross, and waste	Classify each output by actual destination and contractual status. A material shall not be simultaneously treated as an internally recovered loop, a waste treatment input, and an exported co-product.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_ledger	all applicable production processes	aluminium and intermediate product mass	scale tickets, ERP receipts/issues, production and stock records	material id; alloy; recycled class; supplier/internal origin; opening stock; receipts; issues; closing stock; output; scrap; timestamp	Reconcile calibrated weighing and inventory records by process and product family.	kg	each batch or shift; aggregate monthly	same reporting period as reference output	all included sites and outsourced controlled steps	production-weighted sum with opening/closing work-in-progress correction	scale calibration; inventory reconciliation; batch genealogy
cp_energy_metering	foil_stock_production; annealing	energy by carrier and operation	meters, fuel invoices, furnace batch logs	carrier; meter id; opening/closing reading; quantity; heating-value convention; batch; timestamp	Prefer submetering; allocate shared meters using documented causal drivers and reconcile to invoices.	kWh or MJ by carrier	continuous or each batch; reconcile monthly	same reporting period as reference output	all included sites	summed use divided by corresponding process output	meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; allocation worksheet
cp_energy_and_auxiliary_ledger	foil_rolling; double_rolling_and_separation; slitting_finishing_and_winding; internal_scrap_recovery	electricity and operating auxiliaries	submeters, issue records, lubricant and consumable ledgers	process; carrier/material; quantity; returned/recovered quantity; batch; timestamp	Reconcile metered energy and fresh material issues, excluding recirculated lubricant from fresh input.	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3	each shift or batch; aggregate monthly	same reporting period as reference output	all included lines	production-weighted sum per process output	meter/scale calibration; purchase and stock reconciliation
cp_surface_treatment_ledger	surface_treatment_coating_or_backing	surface material, backing, and energy	formulation, issue, coat-weight, meter, and production records	material; dry solids; solvent; input mass; returned mass; coat weight; backing mass; energy; output mass; batch	Reconcile formulation and issue records to measured coat weight and output constituent mass.	kg, kg/kg product, kWh, MJ	each formulation and batch	same reporting period as reference output	all included conversion lines	mass-weighted formulation and energy per converted output	formulation approval; balance reconciliation; test certificate
cp_emissions_waste_records	all applicable production processes	direct releases and waste destinations	stack/water monitoring, permits, waste manifests, treatment records	substance/waste code; quantity; method; factor; destination; recovery status; timestamp	Use direct measurement where available; otherwise calculate from collected activity and documented factors.	kg or m3 by flow	per monitoring plan and each dispatch	representative of the reporting period	all included emission points and waste routes	measured sum or documented calculation divided by process output	laboratory report; permit record; manifest; factor provenance
cp_quality_roll_release	foil_rolling; annealing; double_rolling_and_separation; slitting_finishing_and_winding	foil specification and released quantity	mill certificates, inspection and laboratory records	alloy; temper; nominal/measured thickness; tolerance; width; edge; side; coil mass; pinhole method/area/count; cleanliness or wettability method/result; acceptance criterion; release status	Link every released coil or sampled lot to its measured specification and declared contractual criteria.	mm or µm; mm; kg; method-specific result	each coil or statistically defined lot	same reporting period as reference output	all included finishing lines	retain lot results; production-weight summaries shall preserve ranges and rejected mass	instrument calibration; sampling plan; certificate of analysis
cp_internal_scrap_ledger	internal_scrap_recovery	internal scrap loop and recovery loss	scrap tickets, remelt batches, recovered-metal and residue records	origin process; scrap class; input mass; recovered metal; return destination; residue; stock change; timestamp	Trace scrap from originating process through recovery or transfer without reclassifying it as external recycled input.	kg	each transfer and recovery batch	same reporting period as reference output	all included recovery locations	loop balance by scrap class and period	scale calibration; batch genealogy; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_packaging_dispatch_ledger	coil_packaging_and_dispatch	net foil, core, packaging, and dispatch	final scale ticket, bill of materials, packaging and shipment records	coil id; net foil mass; core material/mass; packaging material/mass; customer specification; dispatch timestamp	Reconcile net and gross weights and retain material-specific packaging quantities.	kg	each dispatched coil	same reporting period as reference output	all dispatch locations	sum net output and each packaging material, then normalize to net foil mass	calibrated scale; shipment reconciliation; packaging specification

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	complete foreground inventory	Normalized flow = reporting-period flow quantity / reporting-period net saleable foil quantity.	collected flow quantity; net saleable foil output	flow per 1 kg net saleable foil	iso-14044-2006
calc_fresh_aluminium_shares	aluminium-bearing input	For contained aluminium entering from outside the boundary, primary share + external pre-consumer recycled share + external post-consumer recycled share = 1 within declared rounding; keep alloying elements and internal return metal separately visible.	contained aluminium mass by source class	three declared external aluminium shares	environdec-pcr-2022-08
calc_metal_yield	declared aluminium conversion boundary	Metal yield = net saleable aluminium mass embodied in foil / fresh aluminium mass entering the boundary. Net saleable aluminium excludes coating and backing; fresh aluminium excludes internal loop returns.	reference-product constituent mass; fresh aluminium ledger; stock changes	kg saleable Al/kg fresh Al input	european-aluminium-2018
calc_internal_scrap_balance	internal scrap loop	Opening scrap stock + process scrap generated = recovered metal + exported scrap + recovery residues + closing scrap stock, after moisture and contamination corrections where material.	scrap transfers; recovered metal; residues; stock changes	reconciled loop balance and difference	european-aluminium-2018
calc_constituent_fraction	converted foil	Constituent fraction = dry mass of each aluminium, coating, ink, lacquer, adhesive, laminate, or backing constituent / total dry sold-product mass; fractions sum to 1 within declared rounding.	formulation, coat-weight, backing, base-foil, and output records	kg constituent/kg sold product	eafa-alufoil-production
calc_weighted_aggregation	multiple products, lines, or sites	Aggregate each normalized inventory flow using net saleable foil mass as weight; do not average ratios without their production weights.	site/line/grade quantities and net outputs	production-weighted inventory	iso-14044-2006
calc_direct_emission	calculated direct releases	Emission = collected activity quantity × documented emission factor × applicable control-device adjustment; retain factor identity, unit, period, and control efficiency evidence.	activity record; factor; control record	substance-specific direct emission	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use one coherent reporting period no longer than 12 consecutive months; disclose shutdowns, atypical campaigns, and any substitution outside the period.	dated production, meter, purchase, waste, and quality records
dq_technological	declared product	Preserve alloy/temper, gauge, foil-stock route, rolling/annealing route, double-rolling status, surface conversion, and application-specific specification instead of aggregating technologically dissimilar products without production weights.	route genealogy; product specification; weighted aggregation worksheet
dq_geographical	all included sites and upstream links	Identify production country or region for each foreground site and the geographic representativeness of material and energy datasets.	site list; supplier records; dataset metadata
dq_completeness	mass, energy, water, emissions, and waste	Reconcile material inputs, outputs, internal loops, stock changes, meters, and invoices; document excluded flows and the governing cut-off rule.	signed reconciliations; mass and energy balance; exclusion register
dq_measurement	collected quantities	Use calibrated or legally controlled instruments where applicable and retain units, conversion factors, sampling plans, and uncertainty or precision information.	calibration certificates; laboratory methods; sampling plan; conversion worksheet
dq_product_quality	released foil	Record the customer criterion and result for thickness, alloy/temper, coil geometry, pinholes, and cleanliness or wettability where specified. ASTM B926 may be used for pinhole identification/counting and ASTM F22 for a qualitative water-break cleanliness check, but this PCR does not convert those methods into universal acceptance thresholds.	release certificate; test method; sampled area; test result; contractual criterion
dq_recycled_content	aluminium source shares	Preserve supplier evidence and chain-of-custody method for external recycled input; report internal scrap loops separately and avoid double counting.	supplier declaration; purchase specification; mass-balance or segregation records
dq_source_hierarchy	secondary evidence	Prefer official standards/PCRs and representative industry datasets. Treat published averages as context unless product, route, geography, time, and boundary are demonstrably comparable.	source register; comparability assessment; replacement plan

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_identity	reference flow	The final reference output shall use Aluminum foil d3e373a5-987f-4e3a-9f5b-8feaa9aa01e2, Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and kg, normalized to exactly 1 kg net sold foil.
validation_category_scope	declared product	The aluminium-layer thickness shall be greater than zero and not exceed 0.2 mm; thickness excludes backing. Products thicker than 0.2 mm or finished downstream articles fail this PCR scope.	unsd-cpc-3-41535
validation_required_qualifiers	dataset metadata	Every Section 3 required qualifier shall have a declared value, explicit none, or justified not applicable; a generic battery-grade or packaging-grade label does not satisfy the qualifier set.	en-546-1-2007; astm-b926-2025; astm-f22-2021
validation_route_completeness	process inventory	Every process in the map shall be present, or conditional processes shall be explicitly marked not applicable with evidence; outsourced controlled operations shall remain visible and linked.	european-aluminium-2018; eafa-alufoil-production
validation_mass_reconciliation	aluminium and converted-product mass	Material balances shall reconcile inputs, outputs, stock changes, internal loops, and residues. Constituent fractions shall be between 0 and 1 and sum to 1 within declared rounding. Any residual shall be reported and investigated, not forced to zero.	iso-14044-2006
validation_recycled_content	aluminium source accounting	Each external aluminium share shall be between 0 and 1 and the three external source shares shall sum to 1 within declared rounding; internal scrap shall not be counted as external recycled content.	environdec-pcr-2022-08
validation_yield	metal conversion	Metal yield shall be calculated from collected mass records, lie between 0 and 1, state the included boundary and stock treatment, and remain separate from overall product yield when coatings or backing are present.	european-aluminium-2018
validation_quality_methods	released product	Pinholes and cleanliness/wettability shall report the contractual criterion, method, sampling basis, and result where applicable. This PCR imposes no generic pass/fail threshold beyond the declared contract or governing product standard.	astm-b926-2025; astm-f22-2021
validation_allocation_disclosure	allocated inventories	The dataset shall identify every allocation or recycling method, driver, affected flow, and sensitivity required by Section 7; unreported mixing of allocation methods fails conformance.	iso-14044-2006; environdec-pcr-2022-08
validation_no_contextual_defaults	quantitative inventory	European Aluminium industry averages or application-specific Tiangong process candidates shall not be copied as category defaults without a documented comparability review and explicit narrower dataset identity.	european-aluminium-2018

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground aluminium-foil production data package and its process or lifecycle-model projection.
downstream_use	Product carbon footprint, LCA, EPD, supply-chain inventory, and engineering studies for battery current collectors, packaging, thermal-management, electrical, and other aluminium-foil uses when product qualifiers match.
allowed_use	Use for the declared alloy/temper, gauge, production route, surface state, coating/backing, quality specification, geography, technology, and period; broader aggregation is allowed only with production-weighted coverage and transparent composition.
excluded_use	Generic representation of all CPC 41535 foil from one narrow grade or route; product-performance certification; legal compliance claims; finished-package, battery, electrical, or thermal-product inventories beyond the foil producer gate.
required_metadata	CPC 3.0 41535; exact Tiangong reference flow identity; all Section 3 qualifiers; declared starting condition; included/outsourced processes; site, geography, technology and period; allocation and recycling method; foreground versus secondary data status.
required_quality_disclosure	Data coverage and completeness; metering and estimation shares; mass/energy reconciliation; recycled-content chain of custody; metal yield; pinhole and cleanliness methods/results where applicable; uncertainty and deviations; comparability limits for any published secondary data.
update_trigger	Change in thickness/alloy/temper product mix, foil-stock route, rolling or annealing route, double-rolling practice, surface conversion, recycled-content sourcing or allocation method, yield, energy supply, site boundary, quality specification, or reporting period that materially changes representativeness.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-41535	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, code 41535 and explanatory notes, 2025. Official CPC resources and CPC Version 3.0 explanatory notes, accessed 2026-08-09.	Exact category identity; aluminium-layer thickness limit; backed-foil classification treatment.
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines, current edition confirmed 2022. ISO catalogue record, accessed 2026-08-09.	LCI boundary, allocation, data-quality, calculation, and reporting principles.
environdec-pcr-2022-08	standard	EPD International, PCR 2022:08 Basic aluminium products and special alloys, version 1.0.2, valid to 2027-06-09. PCR library record, accessed 2026-08-09.	Aluminium-product PCR scope and explicit disclosure of the selected scrap/recycling allocation method.
european-aluminium-2018	dataset	European Aluminium, Environmental Profile Report: Life-Cycle Inventory Data for Aluminium Production and Transformation Processes in Europe, February 2018. Full report, accessed 2026-08-09.	Broad foil process decomposition, hot-rolled and continuous-cast foil-stock routes, optional annealing/surface treatment/slitting, double rolling, internal scrap recovery, and contextual industry inventory structure. Numerical industry averages are not adopted as defaults.
eafa-alufoil-production	extension_guidance	European Aluminium Foil Association, Alufoil Production. Industry technical page, accessed 2026-08-09.	Foil-production routes, double rolling for thin gauges, separation, slitting, reels, coatings and laminates.
en-546-1-2007	standard	NBN EN 546-1:2007, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Foil - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery. Official NBN record, accessed 2026-08-09.	Plain wrought-foil inspection and delivery qualifiers; used as a narrower plain-foil reference, not as the category outer boundary.
astm-b926-2025	standard	ASTM B926-09(2025), Standard Method for Pinhole Determination in Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plain Foil by Means of a Light Table. Official ASTM record, accessed 2026-08-09.	Optional pinhole identification/counting method and method/result disclosure; no universal maximum.
astm-f22-2021	standard	ASTM F22-21, Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test. Official ASTM record, accessed 2026-08-09.	Optional qualitative surface-cleanliness/water-break method and disclosure limitations.