Casing and tubing, of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas, welded, of steel

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to factory-gate production of welded steel casing and tubing made for oil or gas well drilling and production service. It covers electric-resistance-welded or high-frequency-welded pipe made from hot-rolled steel coil, including forming, longitudinal seam welding, sizing, required heat treatment, end finishing, testing, marking, specified protective coating, and shipment preparation performed by or for the reporting manufacturer.

The reference product may be casing or tubing, plain-end or supplied with a declared connection and coupling. The foreground data package shall identify the pipe kind, steel grade, dimensions, delivery condition, connection, coupling, coating, test regime, manufacturing site, and governing specification edition. API 5CT establishes the product and delivery-condition context; it does not replace site records for the inventory.

Excluded reference products are seamless casing, seamless tubing, drill pipe, line pipe, generic structural or mechanical welded tube, pup joints, coupling stock sold separately, and non-steel tubulars. Steelmaking upstream of purchased coil is represented by supplier-specific or geographically and technologically representative upstream datasets. Transport from the factory gate, well-site handling, installation, use, workover, and end-of-life are outside this PCR.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.casing-and-tubing-of-a-kind-used-in-the-drilling-for-oil-or-gas-welded-of-steel
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41286, exact classification context
covered_products	Welded steel casing and welded steel tubing intended for oil or gas wells; plain-end, threaded, or threaded-and-coupled delivery states when declared
excluded_products	Seamless casing or tubing; drill pipe; line pipe; general-purpose welded tube; pup joints and coupling stock sold as separate reference products; non-steel tubulars
representative_product	Electric-resistance-welded steel casing or tubing meeting the declared grade, dimensional, connection, testing, and delivery requirements
production_route	Hot-rolled steel coil or skelp slitting and edge preparation; roll forming; electric-resistance or high-frequency longitudinal seam welding; bead removal; seam heat treatment; sizing and cutting; conditional full-body heat treatment; straightening, end finishing, testing, marking, coating, and shipment preparation
market_state	Conforming finished pipe at the manufacturing factory gate; net product mass includes an attached coupling when supplied and excludes removable shipment packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Welded steel casing or tubing that provides the declared wellbore structural or flow-conduit function
How much	1,000 kg net mass of conforming factory-gate product
How well	Meets the declared steel grade, dimensions, delivery condition, connection/end finish, coupling state, coating, inspection, and hydrostatic-test requirements
How long or cycle	One delivered production lot at the factory gate; in-well service life is not represented
reference_flow_link	ref_welded_casing_tubing

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Casing and tubing, of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas, welded, of steel 978eed2c-cf59-47ff-a661-c7b865b56140
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	casing or tubing; steel grade and material specification; outside diameter; wall thickness; ordered length range; ERW/HFW welding technology; heat-treatment delivery condition; plain-end or connection type; coupling included or excluded from product mass; coating and marking state; hydrostatic and non-destructive test regime; manufacturing site and country; production reference period; governing standard and edition; shipment-packaging scope

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product description, or an equivalent field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product and all mass-normalized exchanges	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize to 1,000 kg net mass of conforming pipe. Include an attached coupling only when it is part of the declared delivered product; exclude pallets, dunnage, straps, and removable protectors from reference mass and report them as separate inputs.
weighing_basis	Coil, product, scrap, chemicals, and wastes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer calibrated scale records. When invoice mass or theoretical linear mass is used, disclose the method, dimensional inputs, density convention, and reconciliation to shipped net mass.
electricity_energy	Purchased alternating-current electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity by process where available. Convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and retain the original meter unit and conversion record.
gas_volume_conditions	Gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State temperature, pressure, and whether the meter reports standard or actual volume. Do not combine natural gas with other fuels.
water_mass_conversion	Process and test water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record make-up water crossing the foreground boundary. If a volume meter is used, retain volume and density/reference-condition information used for conversion; do not count recirculated water repeatedly.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	foreground_system	Include operations from receipt of hot-rolled steel coil or skelp through ERW/HFW forming and welding, required heat treatment, finishing, inspection, testing, marking, declared coating, and shipment preparation to the factory gate.	cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube
boundary_upstream_inputs	purchased_materials_and_energy	Link every purchased material, electricity, fuel, water, treatment service, and packaging input to an upstream dataset matched to its declared geography, technology, and product state. Steelmaking is upstream of the coil input and shall not be recreated inside the pipe-mill foreground process unless physically integrated and separately measured.	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
boundary_conditional_operations	heat_treatment_connections_coating_packaging	Include full-body heat treatment, upsetting, threading, coupling, protective varnish, and shipment-protection exchanges only when the declared grade, connection, order, or shipment state requires the individual operation or material.	api-5ct-11, cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube
boundary_internal_transfers	intermediate_pipe_states	Do not create product exchanges for green pipe or other intermediate pipe states transferred wholly inside the same foreground system. If an intermediate is purchased from or sold to another facility, model the actual product transfer as a separate dataset and disclose the split.	cbsa-octg3-2021
boundary_downstream_exclusion	downstream_life_cycle	Exclude outbound distribution after the manufacturing factory gate, well construction, in-well use, maintenance, workover, and end-of-life.	un-cpc-3-0-2025

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Hot-rolled steel coil or skelp received at the welded-pipe manufacturing site, with grade, width, thickness, supplier, production route, and upstream dataset declared
starting_condition_role	Purchased principal steel feedstock entering the foreground ERW/HFW pipe-manufacturing system
product_classification_scope	Welded steel casing and tubing for oil or gas wells; not seamless OCTG, line pipe, drill pipe, or generic welded tube
recursive_input_rule	Purchased finished casing or tubing in this same category is recorded as a separate upstream product dataset and its mass is disclosed; it is not relabelled as hot-rolled coil. Same-site rework that never leaves the foreground boundary is an internal transfer and is not counted as a new input.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Supplier-specific coil data are preferred; otherwise use a dataset matched to steel grade family, steelmaking route, rolling technology, geography, and reference year. All other purchased inputs require product-state and geography matching.
disclosure	Declare coil source and grade; ERW/HFW technology; site integration; heat-treatment route; connection and coupling state; coating; testing; packaging; scrap destination; water recirculation; wastewater treatment; energy supply; allocation; and any excluded operation

6. Process Inventory Structure

Only exchanges that cross the declared foreground-system boundary are listed. Intermediate pipe moved between the listed process stages inside one reporting system is not duplicated as an input or output.

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
erw_forming_welding	Coil preparation, roll forming, ERW/HFW welding, bead removal, seam heat treatment, sizing, and cutting	required	Always included for the covered welded product	Foreground pipe formation	Per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
grade_heat_treatment	Full-body grade heat treatment and quenching	conditional	Include when the declared grade or delivery condition requires normalizing, quenching and tempering, or another separately metered full-body treatment	Foreground metallurgical conditioning	Per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving the treatment
finishing_testing	Straightening, facing, conditional threading/coupling, inspection, hydrostatic testing, marking, and conditional coating	required	Always include finishing and test operations; apply conditional material rows only when used	Foreground finishing and quality assurance	Per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
shipment_preparation	Bundling and removable shipment protection	conditional	Include each listed material only when it is supplied with the factory-gate product	Foreground shipment preparation	Per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product; packaging excluded from reference mass

Process: Coil preparation, roll forming, and ERW/HFW welding (erw_forming_welding)

Inputs

Product flows

Principal hot-rolled coil feedstock (erw_hot_rolled_coil)

Record flat-rolled hot-rolled steel coil or skelp received for the covered pipe, including grade, width, thickness, supplier, and upstream steel dataset.

• Selected flow: steel hot rolled coil 4f1a1835-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of coil or skelp consumed, adjusted for stock change and returned material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_erw_production_records
• Sources: cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Forming and welding electricity (erw_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity metered or allocated to coil handling, edge preparation, roll forming, welding, bead removal, seam annealing, sizing, cutting, and associated extraction.

• Selected flow: alternating current 8bfc48b1-c262-4156-a817-b2c8a1b21598
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: process-metered electricity, or documented allocation from a site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_erw_production_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube, eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Forming and cooling make-up water (erw_process_water)

Record make-up process water crossing the boundary for weld cooling and other direct pipe-forming uses; exclude water recirculated inside the system.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured make-up water supplied to the process circuit
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_erw_production_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube, eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Cutting fluid for edge preparation and cutting (erw_cutting_fluid)

Record fresh cutting fluid added for edge milling and cut-off operations; state formulation, supplied concentration, and whether the circuit is recirculated.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fresh cutting-fluid make-up crossing the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_erw_production_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Waste flows

No waste flow enters this process from outside the foreground system.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed for this process.

Outputs

Product flows

Intermediate green pipe remains inside the foreground system and is not represented as an external product exchange.

Waste flows

Edge trim, weld bead, and crop steel scrap (erw_steel_scrap)

Record segregated ferrous scrap leaving the foreground system from slitting, edge preparation, bead cutting, sizing, and cut-off.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap b973529f-a945-4cb9-9600-ecbcc745a4c6
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured outgoing scrap mass, net of internal same-site remelt or rework that stays inside the boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_erw_production_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Elementary flows

No direct elementary output is prescribed here. Report measured welding fume or other direct releases as separate chemically specific elementary flows when they cross the boundary.

Process: Full-body grade heat treatment and quenching (grade_heat_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Furnace natural gas (ht_natural_gas)

Include only for a separately identified natural-gas-fired grade heat-treatment route; do not combine it with other fuels.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural-gas volume consumed by the applicable heat-treatment furnaces
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving full-body heat treatment
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_treatment_records
• Sources: cbsa-octg3-2021, eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Heat-treatment electricity (ht_electricity)

Record electricity for furnace drives, induction equipment when used, quench circulation, pumps, cooling, and extraction within the conditional heat-treatment process.

• Selected flow: alternating current 8bfc48b1-c262-4156-a817-b2c8a1b21598
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: process-metered electricity, or documented allocation from a site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving full-body heat treatment
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_treatment_records
• Sources: cbsa-octg3-2021, eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Quench make-up water (ht_quench_water)

Record only water crossing the boundary as make-up to the quench and cooling circuit; retain blowdown separately if it leaves as waste.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured quench-circuit make-up water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving water quenching
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

When a purchased quench medium other than water is used, add each actual chemically specific medium as a separate foreground input with its supplied state, concentration, and mass; do not relabel it as process water.

Waste flows

No waste flow enters this process from outside the foreground system.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed for this process.

Outputs

Product flows

Heat-treated pipe remains inside the foreground system and is not represented as an external product exchange.

Waste flows

Iron-oxide mill scale (ht_mill_scale)

Record solid iron-oxide scale removed from pipe after full-body heat treatment when it leaves the foreground system.

• Selected flow: Mill scale aad763e2-78ab-4fcb-8a3b-8d8525c9e6ca
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured outgoing dry or as-received scale mass, with moisture basis declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving full-body heat treatment
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from furnace fuel (ht_carbon_dioxide_fossil)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide from fuel combustion in the heat-treatment process. Upstream electricity emissions are excluded from this direct row.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack mass or calculated fossil-fuel carbon balance under calc_direct_combustion_emissions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving fuel-fired full-body heat treatment
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_emission_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Nitrogen oxides from heat-treatment furnace (ht_nitrogen_oxides)

Record direct stack nitrogen oxides from the heat-treatment furnace on the measurement convention used by the facility; state whether results are expressed as NO2 equivalent.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides 191b44d4-90c9-465a-8802-93a651b4fd52
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack mass or calculation from monitored concentration and dry-normal gas flow
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving fuel-fired full-body heat treatment
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_emission_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Carbon monoxide from heat-treatment furnace (ht_carbon_monoxide)

Record direct stack carbon monoxide from the heat-treatment furnace as a separate elementary exchange.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack mass or calculation from monitored concentration and dry-normal gas flow
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving fuel-fired full-body heat treatment
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_emission_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Process: Finishing, inspection, and testing (finishing_testing)

Inputs

Product flows

Finishing and testing electricity (fin_electricity)

Record electricity for straightening, facing, threading, non-destructive testing, hydrostatic testing, handling, marking, coating equipment, and local extraction.

• Selected flow: alternating current 8bfc48b1-c262-4156-a817-b2c8a1b21598
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: process-metered electricity, or documented allocation from a site meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube, cbsa-octg3-2021

Hydrostatic-test and finishing water (fin_process_water)

Record make-up process water used for hydrostatic testing and direct finishing operations; exclude recirculation within the test circuit.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured make-up water crossing the process boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Cutting fluid for facing and threading (fin_cutting_fluid)

Record fresh cutting fluid added for end facing, beveling, or threading; include only operations performed inside the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fresh cutting-fluid make-up crossing the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: cbsa-octg3-2021

Steel casing or tubing coupling (fin_steel_coupling)

Include only when a separately manufactured steel coupling is attached to and sold with the reference product; exclude coupling stock sold as a separate reference product.

• Selected flow: Steel casing or tubing coupling
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of purchased couplings attached to shipped product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product, with coupling inclusion in reference mass declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: api-5ct-11, cbsa-octg3-2021

Mill-applied protective varnish (fin_protective_varnish)

Include only when a liquid protective varnish is physically applied before shipment. Declare the actual resin, carrier, solids content, and curing system; a different coating material requires its own chemically specific foreground exchange.

• Selected flow: Mill-applied protective varnish for steel pipe
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: coating issued to the line minus documented recoverable return, normalized to conforming coated product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming product receiving this coating
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Industrial marking ink (fin_marking_ink)

Include only ink physically applied for permanent product marking; declare its formulation and supplied state, and do not combine it with protective varnish.

• Selected flow: Industrial steel-product marking ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured ink issued to marking equipment minus recoverable return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marked conforming product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Waste flows

No waste flow enters this process from outside the foreground system.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed for this process.

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming welded casing or tubing (ref_welded_casing_tubing)

This is the reference product at the manufacturing factory gate, after all declared finishing, inspection, testing, marking, coating, and coupling operations.

• Selected flow: Casing and tubing, of a kind used in the drilling for oil or gas, welded, of steel 978eed2c-cf59-47ff-a661-c7b865b56140
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1,000 kg net conforming product mass
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025, api-5ct-11

Waste flows

Off-specification pipe and finishing steel scrap (fin_steel_scrap)

Record off-specification pipe, facing cuttings, and thread-cutting steel scrap that leaves the foreground system as ferrous scrap.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap b973529f-a945-4cb9-9600-ecbcc745a4c6
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured outgoing ferrous scrap mass from finishing and rejection
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Spent cutting fluid (fin_spent_cutting_fluid)

Record spent cutting fluid removed from facing or threading circuits and sent outside the foreground system; do not combine it with aqueous test water.

• Selected flow: Spent coolant 62b6a738-fb6a-4570-a95a-9255ec0dcb2b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass removed for external recovery or treatment, with water content declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Spent hydrostatic-test water (fin_spent_hydrotest_water)

Record aqueous hydrostatic-test water discharged or sent to external treatment after its final use; do not count water recirculated inside the test circuit.

• Selected flow: Spent hydrostatic-test water from steel-pipe testing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge mass leaving the foreground system, with oil and solids condition declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat

Elementary flows

Direct volatile-organic-compound releases from coating or marking are not represented by a generic collection row. When measured, report each available chemically specific elementary flow or the directly verified facility reporting flow as a separate exchange.

Process: Shipment preparation (shipment_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Steel packaging strap (ship_steel_strapping)

Include only steel strap that leaves the factory gate around a product bundle.

• Selected flow: Steel baling band 56fe4f71-b594-4b55-8553-c87f2516737d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of steel strap supplied with shipped bundles
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product; excluded from reference-product net mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shipment_records
• Sources: cbsa-octg3-2021

Polypropylene thread protector (ship_polypropylene_thread_protector)

Include only a polypropylene protector fitted to a threaded pipe end or coupling for shipment; record protectors of another polymer as separate material-specific exchanges.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene casing or tubing thread protector
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or item-count-derived mass of polypropylene protectors supplied with product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg threaded conforming product; excluded from reference-product net mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_shipment_records
• Sources: api-5ct-11, cbsa-octg3-2021

Kiln-dried softwood dunnage (ship_softwood_dunnage)

Include only kiln-dried softwood blocks, runners, or spacers that accompany the product beyond the factory gate; reusable internal supports are excluded.

• Selected flow: Kiln-dried softwood shipping dunnage
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or item-count-derived dry mass of dunnage supplied with product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming factory-gate product; excluded from reference-product net mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_shipment_records
• Sources: cbsa-octg3-2021

Waste flows

No waste flow enters this process from outside the foreground system.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed for this process.

Outputs

Product flows

No additional product flow is created: removable shipment protection accompanies the reference product but is excluded from its net mass.

Waste flows

Record packaging offcuts as separate material-specific waste exchanges when they leave the foreground system; no generic packaging-waste row is permitted.

Elementary flows

No direct elementary output is prescribed for this process.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	shared_processes	Avoid allocation by process metering and subdivision of forming/welding, grade heat treatment, finishing/testing, and shipment preparation wherever records allow.	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
allocation_shared_energy	shared_energy_and_utilities	For unavoidable shared meters, allocate by a documented causal driver such as machine time, furnace charge mass, test time, or treated product mass. Use mass allocation only when no more causal driver exists and disclose the affected exchanges and fraction.	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
allocation_steel_scrap	ferrous_scrap_outputs	Report steel scrap as a waste output at the measured mass. Do not subtract an avoided-primary-steel credit inside the foreground inventory; any recycling model, substitution credit, or end-of-life allocation is an external scenario and shall be disclosed separately.	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
allocation_offspec_rework	internal_rework	Material returned to an operation without leaving the foreground system is an internal transfer. Count only net purchased inputs, net conforming product, and wastes or products that cross the boundary.	cbsa-octg3-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_erw_production_records	erw_forming_welding	coil, electricity, water, cutting fluid, and steel scrap	scale, meter, stock, purchase, and waste-dispatch records	lot id; coil mass and grade; opening/closing stock; electricity; make-up water; cutting-fluid additions; scrap mass; conforming output mass	calibrated scales and submeters; otherwise documented reconciliation to site meters and inventory records	kg; MJ	per production lot with monthly reconciliation	at least 12 consecutive representative months, or the complete shorter campaign with justification	all equipment and support loads inside the declared forming/welding boundary	sum net boundary-crossing quantities and normalize under calc_reference_normalization	calibration, invoices, meter exports, stock reconciliation, and scrap dispatch tickets
cp_heat_treatment_records	grade_heat_treatment	natural gas, electricity, quench water, quenchant, and scale	meter, batch, chemical-addition, and waste records	heat-treatment lot; grade; route; treated mass; fuel volume and conditions; electricity; water; quenchant additions; scale mass and moisture	dedicated meters and batch logs; documented allocation only when dedicated meters are unavailable	kg; m3; MJ	per furnace batch with monthly reconciliation	same reference period as product data	every included furnace and quench circuit	aggregate only treated lots and normalize to treated conforming output	meter calibration, furnace logs, material issues, and waste tickets
cp_heat_emission_records	grade_heat_treatment	direct fossil CO2, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide	stack test, continuous monitor, fuel analysis, and gas-flow records	source id; operating hours; concentration; reference oxygen; dry/wet basis; temperature; pressure; gas flow; fuel carbon; treated mass	direct monitored mass preferred; otherwise calculate from monitored concentration and normalized gas flow or a documented fuel carbon balance	kg; mg/Nm3; Nm3; kg C	each monitoring event with period integration	same reference period as heat-treatment activity	all included fuel-fired heat-treatment stacks	integrate mass over included operation and normalize to treated conforming output	analyzer calibration, sampling report, laboratory certificate, and calculation workbook
cp_finishing_records	finishing_testing	electricity, test water, cutting fluid, coupling, lacquer, ink, product, and wastes	meter, scale, purchase, issue, inspection, and waste records	lot id; product kind; grade; dimensions; connection; coupling mass; coating; test status; input issues; water make-up/discharge; scrap and spent-fluid mass; conforming net mass	calibrated scales/meters and production/quality records	kg; MJ	per lot with monthly reconciliation	same reference period as forming/welding data	all finishing and test operations in scope, including outsourced operations attributed to the product	sum by declared product family and normalize to conforming factory-gate net mass	calibration, inspection and hydrotest records, material certificates, purchase/issue records, and waste tickets
cp_shipment_records	shipment_preparation	steel strap, polypropylene protectors, and softwood dunnage	issue, bill-of-material, item-count, and shipment records	shipment id; product net mass; material type; item count; unit mass; issued mass; returned mass	weigh representative items and reconcile issued quantities to shipment records	kg; item	per shipment with monthly reconciliation	same reference period as product data	packaging supplied beyond the factory gate only	calculate net supplied mass and normalize to product net mass	weighing record, material specification, bill of materials, and shipment record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all non-reference inventory rows	normalized amount = 1,000 × period boundary-crossing amount / period conforming reference-product net mass	period flow amount; period conforming net product mass	flow amount per 1,000 kg reference product	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
calc_electricity_conversion	electricity records	electricity MJ = metered kWh × 3.6; retain original kWh and meter period	metered kWh	electricity in MJ
calc_direct_combustion_emissions	heat-treatment fossil CO2, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide	Prefer directly integrated monitored mass. Otherwise concentration-based mass = dry-normal concentration × dry-normal gas volume with unit conversion; fossil CO2 may alternatively use a documented fuel-carbon balance corrected for non-CO2 carbon.	concentration; gas flow; time; reference conditions; fuel carbon where applicable; treated output mass	kg pollutant per 1,000 kg treated conforming product	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
calc_shipment_component_mass	thread protectors and softwood dunnage	supplied mass = item count × verified mean unit mass; reweigh when component design or material changes	item count; sampled unit mass; returned items	kg supplied material per 1,000 kg reference product	api-5ct-11
calc_mass_reconciliation	principal steel and ferrous outputs	Reconcile opening stock + purchased coil + other included steel components with closing stock + conforming product steel mass + exported steel scrap + documented inventory change. Explain unresolved imbalance without forcing closure.	coil and coupling inputs; stock changes; conforming product; steel scrap; internal transfers	documented steel mass-balance residual	cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Retain product kind, grade, dimensions, welded technology, heat treatment, connection, coupling, coating, marking, test status, governing specification edition, and net-mass convention for every included product family.	Product specification, mill test certificate, order, and inspection record; api-5ct-11
dq_technology_scope	process boundary	Identify which operations are onsite, outsourced, or absent and whether data represent ERW or HFW equipment, seam annealing, full-body heat treatment, threading, coupling, coating, and bundling.	Process flow diagram, equipment list, supplier record, and cbsa-octg3-2021/jfe-speciality-pipe-tube comparison
dq_temporal_representativeness	all foreground records	Use a common representative period of at least 12 consecutive months where production is continuous; justify a shorter complete campaign and disclose shutdowns, trials, and abnormal lots.	Dated meter, production, purchase, stock, and waste records
dq_completeness	all boundary exchanges	Reconcile principal material, energy, water, fuel, chemicals, packaging, wastes, and direct monitored emissions against the process-flow and environmental-stream inventories; do not hide an exchange inside a plural utility or waste row.	Reconciliation workbook and process-chemical/wastewater/waste-gas inventory following eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
dq_meter_and_scale_quality	measured amounts	Record instrument id, calibration status, resolution, coverage, missing-data treatment, and allocation method for every material meter or scale.	Calibration certificates, meter exports, scale tickets, and gap log
dq_upstream_matching	upstream datasets	Match coil to grade family, steelmaking/rolling route, geography, and year; match electricity, gas, water, chemicals, treatment, and packaging to supply geography and product state.	Supplier primary data or documented dataset-selection matrix
dq_uuid_traceability	TianGong identities	Use only directly verified public state-100 UUIDs. Keep UUID-empty rows explicit until an exact identity is verified; never substitute a proxy.	Finalized hybrid-search receipts and manifest unresolved register

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_reference_flow	reference_product	Confirm exactly 1,000 kg net conforming product, the CPC 41286 TianGong reference UUID, and every required qualifier. Verify coupling inclusion and packaging exclusion from reference mass.	un-cpc-3-0-2025, api-5ct-11
validate_welded_route	product_and_process_identity	Reject datasets for seamless casing/tubing, line pipe, drill pipe, general welded tube, or a route that does not form and longitudinally weld flat-rolled steel feedstock.	un-cpc-3-0-2025, cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube
validate_process_completeness	foreground_inventory	Check the declared process flow against coil preparation, forming/welding, conditional heat treatment, finishing/testing, conditional coating/coupling, and shipment preparation; explain every absent conditional stage.	cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube
validate_atomic_exchanges	inventory_rows	Confirm every inventory row is one physical, chemical, waste, or energy exchange and that electricity, natural gas, water, cutting fluid, coating, packaging components, wastes, and each direct emission remain separate.	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
validate_mass_balance	steel_mass_reconciliation	Review the steel mass-balance residual and supporting stock changes. Do not force the balance by changing the fixed reference flow or silently netting scrap credits.	cbsa-octg3-2021, jfe-speciality-pipe-tube
validate_water_and_energy	meters_and_recirculation	Confirm electricity is converted consistently, natural-gas reference conditions are declared, make-up water is not confused with recirculated water, and water discharge is not double counted.	eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat
validate_uuid_and_language	bilingual_identity	Confirm every UUID-bearing Chinese flow display uses the exact TianGong Chinese baseName and every UUID-empty row appears in manifest review metadata.
validate_range_evidence	quantitative_ranges	Reject an externally inferred range unless at least two independent original sources have compatible factory-gate boundary, functional unit, and product state and the synthesis explains geographic and technological differences.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate secondary dataset for welded steel oil/gas well casing or tubing production
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; may serve as a background_dataset only for a matching declared product, route, geography, grade/delivery condition, and time period
allowed_use	Foreground data-package construction; product and process LCI; cradle-to-gate or broader life-cycle models when the reference product and boundary are matched
excluded_use	Seamless OCTG, line pipe, drill pipe, generic welded tube, unqualified global average, installed well service, or automatic substitution across different grade, connection, heat-treatment, coating, or packaging states
required_metadata	All reference-flow qualifiers; site and country; reference year; coil steel route and supplier geography; ERW/HFW technology; included operations; grade heat treatment; connection/coupling; coating; test regime; packaging; water recirculation; emissions method; allocation; upstream datasets; UUID status
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share and period; metering and calibration; allocation fractions; steel mass-balance residual; missing records; outsourced operations; representativeness limits; unresolved UUIDs; unresolved range evidence; exclusions and deviations
update_trigger	Change in principal steel route or supplier geography; ERW/HFW line technology; furnace fuel or heat-treatment route; product grade mix; connection/coating/packaging state; water or emission controls; allocation; reference year; governing standard edition; or any change exceeding the study's significance threshold

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division. CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-04).	Exact CPC 41286 classification identity and exclusions from adjacent product categories
api-5ct-11	standard	American Petroleum Institute. API Specification 5CT, Casing and Tubing, 11th edition, official publication announcement. https://www.api.org/products-and-services/standards/important-standards-announcements/spec5ct-tradepress (verified 2026-09-04).	Product qualification metadata, end finish, automated inspection, and thread-protector context
cbsa-octg3-2021	official_guidance	Canada Border Services Agency. Oil country tubular goods 3, 2021 investigations - Statement of Reasons - Initiation of an investigation, Production process. https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/i-e/octg32021/octg32021-in-eng.html (verified 2026-09-04).	Original-text ERW OCTG route: slitting hot-rolled coil, roll forming, resistance welding, cutting, conditional heat treatment, finishing, threading, coupling, testing, coating, marking, and bundling
jfe-speciality-pipe-tube	handbook	JFE Steel Corporation. Speciality Pipe and Tube, ERW Pipe Process Equipment and Manufacturing Flowchart. https://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/products/pipes/catalog/e1e-011.pdf (retrieved and visually verified 2026-09-04).	ERW process decomposition, seam welding, bead removal, post-annealing, cooling, sizing, cutting, hydrostatic and ultrasonic testing, threading, inspection, marking, mill-standard varnish coating, and shipping
eu-2022-2110-fmp-bat	official_guidance	European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2110 establishing BAT conclusions for the ferrous metals processing industry. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022D2110 (verified 2026-09-04).	Process-chemical, wastewater, waste-gas, water, energy, material-efficiency, and emissions monitoring and data-quality rules; not used as an ERW OCTG numeric range