Bars, rods, profiles and wire, of nickel

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for nickel bars, rods, profiles, and wire at the manufacturing-site gate. It covers receipt and preparation of nickel-bearing feed or a same-category precursor, mechanical forming by rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, straightening, or an equivalent declared route, route-required heat treatment and surface finishing, inspection, and release of conforming semi-finished product.

The category includes uncoated nickel and nickel-alloy semi-finished products sold in the stated forms when nickel is the defining commercial material. It excludes nickel ores and concentrates, nickel mattes and other metallurgical intermediates, ferro-nickel, unwrought nickel, nickel powders or flakes, plate, sheet, strip, foil, tube, finished fabricated articles, and dissimilar-metal clad or coated products whose identity is not the nickel semi-finished product. Upstream production of received feed, capital equipment, employee travel, product use, downstream fabrication, and end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary and are represented only by separately linked datasets when required by the study.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.bars-rods-profiles-and-wire-of-nickel
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41522, Bars, rods, profiles and wire, of nickel
covered_products	Nickel or nickel-alloy bars, rods, open profiles, and wire in straight lengths or coils, before downstream fabrication into finished articles
excluded_products	Ores, concentrates, mattes, metallurgical intermediates, ferro-nickel, unwrought nickel, powders, flakes, plate, sheet, strip, foil, tube, finished articles, and dissimilar-metal clad or coated products
representative_product	Conforming nickel wire or rod released at the manufacturing-site gate
production_route	Declared sequence of feed preparation and mechanical forming, with heat treatment and surface finishing included only when performed for the represented product
market_state	Dry, inspected semi-finished nickel product in the declared form, alloy or grade, dimensions, temper, surface finish, and delivery state

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Nickel bar, rod, profile, or wire meeting the declared commercial specification
How much	1,000 kg net mass of conforming product
How well	Declared product form, nickel or alloy grade and composition, dimensions and tolerances, temper or heat-treatment condition, surface finish, and conformity criteria
How long or cycle	One manufacturing campaign or reporting period; no use-life function is assigned to the semi-finished product
reference_flow_link	out_reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Bars, rods, profiles and wire, of nickel ba8e5505-ab12-42bb-8dc3-4680a6914899
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product form; nickel or alloy designation and composition basis; dimensions and tolerance; temper or heat-treatment condition; surface finish; manufacturing route; recycled-feed share and accounting method; site and geography; reporting period; delivery state

When constructing a foreground data package, all required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or equivalent data-package fields. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product, nickel feed, precursor, and nickel scrap	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine net dry mass on calibrated scales; exclude pallets, reels, and transport packaging unless they are part of the sold product mass.
electricity_energy	electricity inputs	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve meter readings and convert kWh to MJ using 3.6 MJ per kWh; disclose whether auxiliary and shared line loads are included.
gas_volume	gaseous natural gas inputs	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record metered gas volume and the reference temperature and pressure; do not compare or aggregate volumes before conversion to common reference conditions.
water_and_chemical_mass	process water and sodium hydroxide inputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record delivered mass; for solutions disclose concentration and calculate dry chemical mass separately without treating solution mass as pure reagent mass.
wastewater_volume	nickel-containing surface-treatment wastewater	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Meter the segregated wastewater volume and report nickel concentration, treatment destination, recycled fraction, and reference conditions where material.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received unwrought nickel charge or received nickel bar, rod, profile, or wire precursor at the manufacturing-site gate
starting_condition_role	Upstream material whose prior production burden is represented by a linked dataset; only on-site preparation and transformation are foreground operations
product_classification_scope	Nickel bars, rods, profiles, and wire represented by the declared category identity; form, composition, and delivery state remain mandatory foreground qualifiers
recursive_input_rule	When a received precursor is itself in this PCR category, record it once as in_semifinished_nickel_precursor, link its upstream dataset, and do not recursively reapply this PCR to reconstruct that supplier dataset
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link composition-, product-state-, technology-, geography-, and time-representative upstream datasets for each received metal input, electricity, natural gas, water, and reagent
disclosure	Declare the starting feed state, process route, included and omitted operations, recycled-feed share, internal scrap loops, site boundary, geography, reporting period, and any shared-load allocation

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	Sources
boundary_site_gate	foreground manufacturing	Include on-site receipt and preparation, forming, route-required heat treatment and surface finishing, inspection, and release through the manufacturing-site gate.	nickel-institute-11002; arya-et-al-2021; chen-et-al-2023
boundary_upstream_links	received inputs	Exclude production of received metal and utilities from the foreground process but represent it through linked upstream datasets with no double counting.	iso-14044-2006
boundary_route_condition	conditional operations	Include heat treatment, remelting, alkaline cleaning, wet surface treatment, and fuel combustion only when records show that the operation served the represented product.	nickel-institute-11002; chen-et-al-2023
boundary_downstream	downstream life cycle	Exclude transport after the declared gate, downstream fabrication into finished articles, use, maintenance, and end-of-life unless the study explicitly expands the system beyond this PCR foreground boundary.	iso-14044-2006

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feed_preparation	Feed receipt and preparation	required	Always include receipt, identity verification, weighing, cutting, and preparation actually performed at the site.	Foreground feed conditioning	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
mechanical_forming	Mechanical forming	required	Include the actual rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, straightening, and associated line operations used for the represented product.	Foreground shape transformation	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
heat_treatment	Heat treatment	conditional	Include when annealing, solution treatment, stress relief, or another thermal cycle is performed for the represented product.	Foreground property conditioning	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
surface_finishing	Surface cleaning and finishing	conditional	Include when wet cleaning, alkaline cleaning, pickling, grinding, polishing, coating removal, or another surface operation is performed on site.	Foreground surface conditioning	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
product_release	Inspection and product release	required	Always include final weighing, conformity inspection, and release at the declared site gate.	Foreground product release	1,000 kg conforming reference product

Process: Feed receipt and preparation (feed_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Unwrought nickel charge (in_unwrought_nickel)

Record this input only when the represented route melts or otherwise begins from unwrought nickel at the site. Keep alloy designation, composition, primary or secondary origin, form, supplier, and upstream dataset explicit; no exact Tiangong product-flow UUID was confirmed.

• Selected flow: Unwrought nickel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net dry mass of unwrought nickel charged to product-attributed campaigns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_material_records
• Sources:

Same-category nickel precursor (in_semifinished_nickel_precursor)

Record a purchased nickel rod, bar, profile, or wire precursor once when direct rolling, drawing, or finishing begins from that state; apply the recursive-input rule and retain supplier product-state evidence.

• Selected flow: Bars, rods, profiles and wire, of nickel ba8e5505-ab12-42bb-8dc3-4680a6914899
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net dry mass of same-category precursor consumed by product-attributed campaigns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_material_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Segregated recyclable feed scrap (out_feed_scrap)

Record only separately weighed nickel cuttings or rejected feed transferred to an internal closed loop or external recovery route; disclose composition, contamination, destination, and whether the loop stays inside the foreground system.

• Selected flow: Nickel Scrap 3bf7374b-cece-4fd3-84af-c5252799fd38
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net dry mass of segregated nickel scrap leaving feed preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_material_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Mechanical forming (mechanical_forming)

Inputs

Product flows

Forming-line electricity (in_forming_electricity)

Record metered electricity for rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, straightening, pumps, controls, and attributable auxiliaries used by the represented campaign.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: campaign-attributed metered electricity converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming_energy_records
• Sources:

Natural gas for hot forming (in_forming_natural_gas)

Record gas only when directly fired heating serves hot forming or reheating within this process; do not include upstream gas-supply emissions as direct foreground emissions.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: product-attributed metered natural-gas volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming_energy_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Segregated recyclable forming scrap (out_forming_scrap)

Record product-attributed trim, end cuts, breakage, and off-specification nickel metal that is separately recovered as a recyclable product flow.

• Selected flow: Nickel Scrap 3bf7374b-cece-4fd3-84af-c5252799fd38
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net dry mass of segregated recyclable nickel scrap from forming
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming_scrap_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from hot forming (out_forming_co2_fossil)

Calculate only stack carbon dioxide from fossil natural gas combusted in forming furnaces. Exclude upstream electricity and fuel-supply emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated direct fossil carbon dioxide from product-attributed fuel-carbon records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming_energy_records
• Sources:

Process: Heat treatment (heat_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Heat-treatment electricity (in_heat_electricity)

Record electricity when resistance, induction, vacuum, or auxiliary equipment supplies a declared heat-treatment cycle.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: cycle- or campaign-attributed metered electricity converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_energy_records
• Sources:

Natural gas for heat treatment (in_heat_natural_gas)

Record gas only for a gas-fired annealing or other declared heat-treatment cycle serving the represented product.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: cycle- or campaign-attributed metered natural-gas volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_energy_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from heat treatment (out_heat_co2_fossil)

Calculate only stack carbon dioxide from fossil natural gas combusted for heat treatment. Do not report grid or upstream fuel emissions as direct releases.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated direct fossil carbon dioxide from product-attributed fuel-carbon records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_energy_records
• Sources:

Process: Surface cleaning and finishing (surface_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Process water for surface treatment (in_surface_water)

Record supplied process water for wet cleaning, rinsing, quenching, or finishing only when those operations are included; subtract verified recirculated water from fresh supplied input without erasing the internal recycle record.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fresh process-water mass supplied to product-attributed operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources:

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (in_surface_sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when an alkaline-cleaning bath is used; report dry sodium-hydroxide mass separately from carrier water and other bath constituents.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated dry sodium-hydroxide mass from replenishment records and verified concentration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources:

Surface-finishing electricity (in_surface_electricity)

Record electricity for pumps, polishing, grinding, bath control, extraction, and other surface-finishing equipment serving the represented product.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: operation-attributed metered electricity converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Nickel-containing surface-treatment wastewater (out_nickel_wastewater)

Record the segregated aqueous waste sent to on-site or off-site treatment, together with measured volume, nickel concentration, other declared constituents, treatment destination, and recycled fraction. No exact Tiangong waste-flow UUID was confirmed.

• Selected flow: Nickel-containing surface-treatment wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured segregated wastewater volume leaving the surface-treatment operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_treatment_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Inspection and product release (product_release)

Inputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming nickel bars, rods, profiles, or wire (out_reference_product)

Report only conforming net product mass released at the declared site gate. The fixed amount establishes reference-flow normalization; measured campaign output and rejected product remain in the retained foreground records.

• Selected flow: Bars, rods, profiles and wire, of nickel ba8e5505-ab12-42bb-8dc3-4680a6914899
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1,000 kg net conforming reference product after campaign normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	Sources
allocation_subdivision_first	shared processes and meters	Prefer process subdivision, campaign records, sub-metering, or another demonstrated causal relation before applying allocation.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_internal_scrap	internal nickel scrap loops	Keep internally returned scrap inside the foreground system and retain the energy, material loss, and treatment burdens that generated and reprocessed it; do not report an internal loop as an external co-product.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_external_scrap	nickel scrap leaving the foreground system	Report separately weighed external nickel scrap as an output and disclose its composition, destination, and any recycling-credit method; do not apply avoided-primary-nickel credit automatically.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_residual	inseparable shared burdens	If subdivision and physical causality are not feasible, apply one declared mass, energy, time, or economic allocation basis consistently and disclose the rationale, denominator, affected rows, and sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_feed_material_records	feed_preparation	metal feed and preparation scrap	weighbridge, scale, receiving, issue, and scrap-transfer records	lot id; supplier; material form; alloy or grade; composition evidence; gross, tare, and net mass; moisture or contamination; disposition	reconcile calibrated scale records with material ledger and campaign assignment	kg	each receipt, issue, and transfer	complete represented campaigns within reporting period	all feed-preparation areas serving the declared product	sum net product-attributed input and external scrap; keep internal returns as separate loop records	calibration certificates; supplier certificates; lot traceability; reconciliation sign-off
cp_forming_energy_records	mechanical_forming	electricity, natural gas, and direct combustion carbon	electricity meter; gas meter; furnace log; fuel specification	meter ids and readings; timestamps; product campaign; reference conditions; fuel carbon or verified supplier composition; allocation driver	use sub-metered readings where available and reconcile shared loads to production logs	MJ; m3; kg CO2	each shift or batch with monthly reconciliation	complete represented campaigns within reporting period	forming lines and attributable auxiliaries	subtract validated baseline only when method is documented; allocate remaining shared load using one disclosed causal driver	meter calibration; invoices; furnace logs; allocation worksheet
cp_forming_scrap_records	mechanical_forming	recyclable forming scrap	scrap-bin scale and transfer records	campaign; product grade; scrap type; gross, tare, and net mass; contamination; internal or external destination	weigh each segregated batch and reconcile to material balance	kg	each transfer	complete represented campaigns within reporting period	forming lines serving the declared product	sum net external scrap; retain internal-return quantities separately	scale calibration; transfer ticket; grade-segregation check
cp_heat_energy_records	heat_treatment	electricity, natural gas, and direct combustion carbon	energy meters; furnace cycle logs; fuel specification	cycle id; furnace id; load mass; electricity; gas; reference conditions; fuel carbon or verified composition; timestamps; product assignment	link energy readings and fuel-carbon calculation to each declared thermal cycle	MJ; m3; kg CO2	each cycle with monthly reconciliation	complete represented heat-treatment cycles	furnaces and attributable auxiliaries serving the declared product	aggregate product-attributed cycles and document shared-furnace allocation	calibration; cycle log; invoice reconciliation; calculation worksheet
cp_surface_treatment_records	surface_finishing	water, sodium hydroxide, electricity, and nickel-containing wastewater	meters; bath make-up and replenishment logs; chemical certificates; wastewater tank and laboratory records	operation id; water and wastewater readings; electricity; reagent quantity and concentration; nickel concentration; recycled volume; treatment destination	reconcile meter and batch records; calculate dry reagent mass from verified concentration	kg; MJ; m3	each batch or shift with monthly reconciliation	complete represented surface-treatment operations	all included wet and mechanical finishing areas	aggregate product-attributed records; subtract documented internal water recirculation once	calibration; reagent certificate; laboratory report; waste transfer record
cp_release_mass_records	product_release	conforming reference product	final scale, inspection, and release records	product form; alloy or grade; dimensions; temper; finish; gross, tare, and net mass; accepted and rejected mass; release id	weigh released product and link inspection result to campaign	kg	each released lot	complete represented campaigns within reporting period	declared manufacturing site gate	sum accepted net mass and normalize all inventory rows to 1,000 kg	scale calibration; inspection certificate; release authorization; mass-balance reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized amount = product-attributed period amount × 1,000 / accepted net product mass in kg	product-attributed amount; accepted net product mass	amount per 1,000 kg reference product
calc_electricity_conversion	electricity inputs	electricity in MJ = metered electricity in kWh × 3.6	metered kWh	MJ electricity
calc_dry_sodium_hydroxide	sodium hydroxide input	dry sodium hydroxide mass = solution mass × verified sodium-hydroxide mass fraction	replenishment solution mass; concentration certificate or test	kg dry sodium hydroxide
calc_direct_fossil_co2	direct natural-gas combustion	calculate fossil CO2 from product-attributed fuel quantity, verified carbon content, and documented oxidation basis; do not add upstream fuel or electricity emissions	fuel quantity; reference conditions; carbon content; oxidation basis	kg direct fossil CO2
calc_mass_reconciliation	nickel-bearing material balance	reconcile external nickel-bearing inputs with accepted product, external nickel scrap, declared wastewater nickel, other separately identified outputs, and inventory change; investigate unexplained difference	external feed; accepted product; external scrap; wastewater nickel; other outputs; inventory change	documented nickel-material balance and unexplained difference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and metal inputs	Retain lot-level product form, alloy or grade, composition basis, dimensions, temper, finish, and supplier or release identity.	supplier certificate; internal specification; inspection and release record
dq_measurement	mass, energy, gas, water, reagent, and wastewater records	Use calibrated or verified instruments, preserve raw readings and units, and document conversions, reference conditions, concentration bases, and shared-load allocations.	calibration record; meter log; invoice reconciliation; calculation worksheet
dq_temporal	reporting period	Cover complete represented campaigns and disclose shutdowns, trial batches, abnormal events, and any extrapolation.	production calendar; campaign log; exception register
dq_completeness	process inventory	Reconcile all included processes and important exchanges; zero values require evidence of absence and conditional rows require an applicability decision.	signed completeness checklist; material and energy reconciliation
dq_geography_technology	foreground and upstream links	State the site geography and process technology and use upstream datasets representative of feed state, electricity mix, fuel supply, water supply, and reagent delivery.	dataset metadata; supplier and utility records; representativeness assessment
dq_uncertainty	missing external ranges	Preserve foreground values and explain uncertainty qualitatively until at least two independent boundary-compatible original sources support an external range.	unresolved-range register; review record; sensitivity analysis where material

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	Sources
validation_reference_flow	reference product	Verify that output out_reference_product equals exactly 1,000 kg after normalization and carries every required qualifier.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validation_process_applicability	process map	Verify that all required processes are represented and that every conditional process and conditional exchange has a documented applicability decision.	nickel-institute-11002; arya-et-al-2021; chen-et-al-2023
validation_atomic_flows	inventory	Verify that each row is one atomic exchange with one direction, flow type, property, unit, amount rule, and route condition; reject umbrella flows and double counting.	iso-14044-2006
validation_uuid_identity	UUID-bearing flows	Verify each stored UUID against public state 100 for baseName, flow type, classification, property, unit group, and product state; unresolved rows remain UUID-empty.
validation_energy_emissions	electricity, gas, and carbon dioxide	Verify common unit conversion, gas reference conditions, exclusion of upstream emissions from direct outputs, and agreement between fuel-carbon records and direct fossil CO2.	iso-14044-2006
validation_material_balance	nickel-bearing inputs and outputs	Review the documented nickel-material reconciliation and resolve unexplained differences material to the study before publication.	iso-14044-2006
validation_allocation	shared burdens and scrap	Verify subdivision priority, internal-loop treatment, external-scrap disposition, allocation basis, denominator, and sensitivity without automatic recycling credit.	iso-14044-2006
validation_bilingual_alignment	PCR renderings	Verify that English and Chinese files preserve the same rule ids, process ids, row ids, controlled values, UUIDs, inventory count, and source ids.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for nickel bar, rod, profile, or wire at the declared manufacturing-site gate
downstream_use	May serve as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset in downstream product systems when its product form, alloy or grade, route, geography, time, and gate are representative
allowed_use	Product carbon-footprint, life-cycle inventory, product-system, and lifecyclemodel studies that preserve the declared reference flow and system boundary
excluded_use	Direct representation of upstream nickel extraction or refining, a different nickel product form, dissimilar-metal clad product, finished fabricated article, use phase, or end-of-life without additional modelling
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product form; alloy or grade and composition basis; dimensions; temper; finish; route; feed state; recycled-feed share; site and geography; reporting period; technology; gate; allocation; upstream dataset links
required_quality_disclosure	Data coverage; measurement and calibration; allocation and shared loads; internal and external scrap; water recycling; gas reference conditions; direct-emission calculation; material-balance difference; unresolved UUIDs; missing external ranges; uncertainty and representativeness
update_trigger	Material change in product identity, composition, feed state, forming or heat-treatment route, surface treatment, energy system, recycling practice, allocation, site geography, reporting period, or source and UUID evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Official CPC 41522 title and classification hierarchy
nickel-institute-11002	Handbook (handbook)	Nickel Institute, Nickel Alloys for Electronics, Publication 11002, https://nickelinstitute.org/media/1740/nickelalloysforelectronics_11002_.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Nickel-alloy rod and wire forming, annealing, and surface-finish process decomposition
arya-et-al-2021	Literature (literature)	A. Arya et al., Strength and microstructure evolution in nickel during large strain wire drawing, Acta Materialia 221 (2021) 117396, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117396	Pure-nickel rolling, rod and wire drawing, and annealing process sequence
chen-et-al-2023	Literature (literature)	Y. Chen et al., Study on High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Platinum-Clad Nickel Composite Wire, Metals 13 (2023) 1264, https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071264	Nickel rod and wire casting, rolling, drawing, cleaning, and annealing operations; process decomposition only
iso-14044-2006	Standard (standard)	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, https://committee.iso.org/standard/38498.html (verified 2026-09-04)	LCI, reporting, review, system-boundary, and allocation framework